Health Promotion Plan · Web viewThe author must remain educated about healthy eating habits and sleeping patterns in order to successfully complete his health promotion plan. Personal

Running head: HEALTH PROMOTION PLAN 1

Health Promotion Plan

Jordan Furstenau

Ferris State University


Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of the Transtheoretical Model (TM)

to a health promotion plan focused on weight loss and increased wellness. Each stage of the TM

is evaluated and applied to the health promotion plan. Several instruments were used to develop

a successful health promotion plan including a sleep study, body mass index (BMI) calculator,

health benefits surveys, as well as a diet journal. The author provides a wellness diagnosis and

includes both short and long terms goals for success.


Health Promotion Plan

A health promotion plan was developed in order to facilitate a successful lifestyle change

that was beneficial to the author. The plan incorporated several instruments that were used to

encourage the understanding of current dietary habits, sleeping habits, health beliefs, and BMI.

The results from each instrument are provided and accurately depict the author’s habits and

beliefs in regards to his health. The TM can be used to promote healthy practices. The TM

involves behavioral change and involves five stages including precontemplation, contemplation,

planning/preparation, action, and maintenance (Pender et al., 2011). All five stages were

assessed in regards to the author’s health habits and related to his health promotion plan. It is

important to know and understand what the human body requires in order to maintain health.

Based on results from the health benefits survey as well as the other instruments used by the

author, the wellness diagnosis developed was readiness for enhanced education r/t nutritional

habits.

Health Promotion Instruments

Instruments can be used to assess lifestyle habits and beliefs in regards to health. There

were four health promotion instruments utilized in the health promotion plan. The health beliefs

survey was used to assess the author’s current state of mind in regards to his own health. The

sleep study was used to assess his current sleeping habits and look for areas of needed

improvement. The BMI calculator was used to evaluate and provide evidence to the required

change in dietary habits. Finally, the diet journal was used to assess the lack of nutrients and

prevalence of unnecessary fats and carbohydrates in the author’s diet over a two week period.


Health Beliefs Survey

The results from the health beliefs survey (Appendix A) were not very close to the

normative means. The author had a very high level of internal meaning. The author tends to

believe that health is heavily influenced by the individual and that he has a powerful influence

over his own health. The other two categories of chance and others were well below the

normative means. The personal health beliefs of the author reflect a sense of accountability for

his current state of health. This sense of accountability along with the need for increased

education was used to choose additional instruments. In order for the author to improve his

current state of health, an understanding of what influences health was required. Through the use

of a BMI calculator, a sleep study, and dietary study the author was able to learn what he needed

to do to improve his health as well as how he could do it.

Additional Health Promotion Instruments

The author decided to use a sleep time questionnaire to evaluate his own sleeping habits.

The questionnaire provided useful data to support the fact that the author was not getting a

healthy amount of sleep. Sleep is necessary in order for survival and its implications on the

human body are endless. While the author tried to balance school, work, and family life he often

felt tired and stressed. Seven to eight hours of sleep is a minimum sleep requirement for optimal

health and the author was able to use the sleep time questionnaire to conclude that he was not

getting a sufficient amount of sleep.

The author used a body mass index (BMI) index chart for adults (Appendix C) to

conclude that he was considered overweight. The author’s height was 71 inches and his weight

was 200 pounds. This translated into a BMI of 28 which is considered overweight. Studies have

proven that there is a direct correlation between BMI and disease risk, as the BMI increases so


does the risk for disease (Pender et al., 2011). The disease risk related to overweight men under

the age of forty years old is increased with a BMI from 25-30.

The diet journal (Appendix D) was used to identify the nutrition of the author’s most

current diet. Effective planning for health promotion requires evaluation of the nutritional status

of the individual (Pender et al., 2011). The journal was used for a span of two weeks. The

purpose was to identify areas for diet improvement in order to decrease the BMI associated with

an overweight author. The author was able to identify two serious diet insufficiencies. The author

was eating foods that were too high in fats and not eating enough vegetables and fruits. The

author’s diet was relatively balanced but not considered healthy. In two weeks the author ate two

portions of vegetables and everyday ate foods containing a high amount of fat. Often the diet did

not have enough variety. Although the author did not waste much food during the two week

period, he was not able to eat a variety of healthy items. The author needed to eat less fatty foods

and carbohydrates and more vegetables and fruits.

Transtheoretical Model

The health promotion plan developed by the author can be described as a process through

the Transtheoretical Model (TM). The TM is derived from psychotherapy and theories of

behavioral change and is an integrative framework to describe how individuals progress towards

adopting a behavior change (Pender et al., 2011). Procontemplation is the first stage and the

author had already gone through this stage. Before entering the healthcare field the author had no

interest in his diet as it pertained to his health. As a nurse working in the healthcare field, the

author has long been contemplating a behavioral change. This is the second stage of the TM and

implies the intent to change. The TM focuses on the idea of perception and that by changing the

subject’s perception a change in behavior will also occur (Robinson & Vail, 2012).


The author realized that his intentions were congruent with the stage of planning.

According to Pender et al., the planning stage of TM is when an individual is seriously thinking

about engaging in the contemplated change within the next month and has taken steps in this

direction. Through the use of various health promotion instruments the author decided to take

action. The sleep study provided insight into the author’s lack of rest and need for a more

consistent sleep schedule. The consequences of inadequate sleep include increased stress,

increased risk for depression, and increased risk for illness (Chitty & Black, 2011). The author

was able to realize that he considered himself the most influential variable in his current state of

health. He participated in a diet journal in order to identify problems that contributed with his

overweight status provided by the BMI chart (Appendix C).

The next stage for the author is action. The action stage involves having made the

behavior change and it has persisted for less than six months (Pender et al., 2011). This stage will

require the knowledge and motivation to make serious lifestyle changes. The author will be

changing is diet and improving his wellness by following a healthy sleep schedule. After the

author has followed his health promotion plan, he would continue to live in the stage of

maintenance of the TM. The maintenance stage will have been completed after six months of

strict following of the health promotion plan. The author would commit to improving his health

and lowering his BMI.

Nursing Wellness Diagnosis

The most applicable nursing wellness diagnosis to the author’s health situation was

readiness for enhanced education r/t nutritional habits. It is unhealthy for anyone to consume as

many unhealthy foods daily as the author (Appendix D). It is important to know and understand


what the human body needs and to replace unhealthy food with foods that are beneficial. By

knowing what the daily requirements are for diet and sleep the author would be able to create a

health promotion plan that is both effective and beneficial. The author must realize that stress

plays a huge factor in my eating habits. Stress is a potential threat to mental health and physical

well-being and is associated with several illnesses (Pender et al., 2011). A poor sleep schedule

can contribute to increased stress. The author must remain educated about healthy eating habits

and sleeping patterns in order to successfully complete his health promotion plan.

Personal Goals

The author developed several short term goals aimed at increasing his healthy lifestyle

choices and decreasing his poor habits. The author planned to continue a diet journal in order to

evaluate his food choices. The author planned to create a diet regime by following the food

pyramid, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) within two weeks. The author

designed a sleep pattern that he would commit to following. This schedule consists of setting a

set schedule for sleep time, awake time, as well as what time he would lay down for the night.

The author also planned to sign up for a nutrition class at Ferris State University in order to

complete a program requirement and to increase knowledge about diet.

The author developed several long term goals to successfully complete his health

promotion plan. The author committed to reaching a BMI score of less than 25 within 12 months

of the plan. The author committed to adjusting his sleep schedule in order to reach a minimum 8

hours sleep time per night. The timeframe for this goal is within eight months. The author must

use a personal calendar to help manage his time and allow for appropriate sleep time. The third

goal of the author is to commit to continuing to improve his health in other areas of his life. This

is a lifetime goal. Other areas of improvement include an exercise regime that is increases


cardiovascular health and decreases stress and regular physician visits to validate the health

promotion plan and maintain a high level of wellness.

Conclusion

The author was able to create a health promotion plan that encouraged education and

healthy lifestyle choices. Through the stages of the TM, the author developed focus driven goals

that create a well-rounded plan. The author was able to use several different tools to identify and

overcome several health hindrances present in his life. The author developed a health promotion

plan that was driven by the results of the health beliefs survey in which the author was able to

take personal responsibility for his current state of health. Through completing his short and long

term goals the author will be able to increase his state of health and successfully complete his

health promotion plan.


References

Chitty, K.K., & Black, B.P. (2011). Professional nursing: Concepts and challenges (6th ed.)

Maryland Heights, MO: Saunders

Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C.L., & Parsons, M.A. (2011). Health Promotion in Nursing Practice.

(6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Robinson, L.M., Vail, S.R. (2012). An integrative review of adolescent smoking cessation using

the transtheoretical model of change. Journal of Pediatric Health Care, 26(5), 336-345.

Retrieved September 4, 2012, from PubMed.


Appendix A

Health Beliefs Survey

The questionnaire is designed to determine the way in which different people view certain important health-related issues. Each item is a belief statement, with which you may agree or disagree. Beside each statement is a scale that ranges from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (6). For each item, choose the number that represents the extent to which you disagree or agree. This is a measure of your personal beliefs; obviously, there are no right or wrong answers.

Please answer these items carefully, but do not spend too much time on any one item. As much as you can, try to respond to each item independently. When making your choice, do not be influenced by your previous choices. It is important that you respond according to your actual beliefs and not according to how you feel you should believe or how you think we want you to believe.

1 - Strongly Disagree; 2 - Moderately Disagree; 3 - Slightly Disagree; 4 - Slightly Agree; 5 - Moderately Agree; 6 - Strongly Agree

1 2 3 4 5 61. If I get sick, it is my own behavior that determines how

soon I will get well again. x

2. No matter what I do, if I am going to get sick, I'll get sick. x

3. Having regular contact with my physician is the best way for me avoid illness.

x

4. Most things that affect my health happen to me by accident.

x

5. Whenever I don't feel well, I should consult a medically trained professional.

x

6. I am in control of my health. x

7. My family has a lot to do with my becoming sick or staying healthy.

x

8. When I get sick, I am to blame. x

9. Luck plays a big part in determining how soon I will recover x


from an illness.

10. Health professionals control my health. x

11. My good health is largely a matter of good fortune. x

12. The main thing that affects my health is what I myself do. x

13. If I take care of myself, I can avoid illness. x

14. When I recover from illness, it's usually because other people have been taking good care of me. (doctor, nurses, family)

x

15. No matter what I do, I'm likely to get sick. x

16. If it's meant to be, I will stay healthy. x

17. If I take the right actions, I can stay healthy. x

18. Regarding my health, I can only do what my doctor tells me to do.

x

These three subscales, and the items included in each, are as follows:

Internal Items: 1, 6, 8, 12, 13, 17 Chance Items: 2, 4, 9, 11, 15, 16 Powerful-others items: 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 18

The score on each subscale is the sum of the values for each item in that subscale multiplied by 2. Scores within each subscale can range from 12 to 72. The higher the score on the internal subscale, the more personal control clients believe that they exercise over their own health. The higher the scores on the chance subscale and power-others subscale, the higher the beliefs in the importance of chance and others respectively in controlling personal health. Normative means for adults on each subscale are as follows:

Internal, 50.4

Chance, 31.0

Powerful-others, 40.9


My Results

Internal-64

Chance-26

Powerful/others-14

Appendix B

SLEEP TIMING QUESTIONNAIRE (STQ)

This questionnaire asks about when you normally sleep. We are interested in getting as accurate

a picture as we can of the times when you normally go to bed and get up. Please think

carefully before giving your answers and be as accurate and as specific as you can be. Please

answer in terms of a recent “normal average week,” not one in which you traveled,

vacationed or had family crises. Thanks.

Please think of GOOD NIGHT TIME as the time at which you are finally in bed and

trying to fall asleep.

On the night before a work day or school day,

what is your earliest GOOD NIGHT TIME ? 10pm


what is your latest GOOD NIGHT TIME ? 12:30am


what is your usual GOOD NIGHT TIME ? 11pm

How stable (i.e., similar each night) are your GOOD NIGHT TIMES before a work day or

school day? (circle one)

0-15mins. 16-30mins. 31-45mins. 46-60mins.

61-75mins. 76-90mins. 91-105mins 106-120mins.

2-3hours 3-4hours over 4hours

On a night before a day off (e.g. a weekend),


what is your earliest GOOD NIGHT TIME ? 11pm


what is your latest GOOD NIGHT TIME ? 1am


what is your usual GOOD NIGHT TIME 12am

How stable (i.e., similar each night) are your GOOD NIGHT TIMES on a night before a day

off (e.g. a weekend)? (circle one)




Please think of GOOD MORNING TIME as the time at which you finally get out of bed

and start your day.

Before a work day or school day,

what is your earliest GOOD MORNING TIME ? 6am


what is your latest GOOD MORNING TIME ? 7am


what is your usual GOOD MORNING TIME ? 6:15 am

How stable (i.e., similar each night) are your GOOD MORNING TIMES before a work day

or school day? (circle one)




Before a day off (e.g. a weekend),

what is your earliest GOOD MORNING TIME ? 8am


what is your latest GOOD MORNING TIME ? 11am



what is your usual GOOD MORNING TIME ? 9am

How stable (i.e., similar each night) are your GOOD MORNING TIMES on a night before a

day off (e.g. a weekend)? (circle one)




These questions are about how much sleep you lose to unwanted wakefulness:

On most nights, how long, on average does it take you to fall asleep after you start trying?

_________30_____minutes

On most nights, how much sleep do you lose, on average, waking up during the night

(e.g. to go to the bathroom)?

_______0_______minutes

(Authors answers are either underlined or bold print)

http://www.journalsleep.org/Articles/260213.pdf


Appendix C


Appendix D

Journal of Daily Diet

Week 1 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursda Friday Saturday Sunday


y

Breakfast Pop tart Cereal Cereal Pop tart Eggs

and

Bacon

No

breakfast

Cereal

Lunch Turkey

Sandwich

Burger

King

burger

Fish and

chips

Tacos Cereal Chinese

food

Chinese

Food

Dinner Pizza Pizza Tacos Tacos Pasta Pasta Turkey

Sub

Week 2 Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Breakfast Apple Cereal Cereal Eggs and

Bacon

and Toast

Pizza Toast Waffles

Lunch Mcdonalds Peanut

Butter

Sandwich

Pizza Chips Chicken

and Rice

Spaghetti Chips

and

cheese

Dinner Ramon

noodles

Ramon

noodles

Pizza Chicken

and rice

Spaghetti Spaghetti cereal


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Health Promotion Plan · Web viewThe author must remain educated about healthy eating habits and sleeping patterns in order to successfully complete his health promotion plan. Personal