Health Occupations

Tissues

Tissues

Cells of the same type form together for a common purpose

60 – 99% water with various dissolved substances

Dehydration – not enough tissue fluid Edema – too much tissue fluid

Types of tissue

Epithelial tissue– Covers body surface– Mainly skin– Lines respiratory, intestinal, circulatory, &

urinary tract– Also in glands to produce secretions

Types of tissue

Connective Tissue – Support organs & other body parts

• Soft – adipose or fatty tissue– Stores fat– Insulates body– Acts as padding– Fibrous – ligaments, tendons

» Holds body structures together• Hard – cartilage & bone

– Cartilage – » Tough elastic material found between bones of spine & ends

of long bones» Acts as shock absorber & allows flexibility» Nose, ears, larynx – provides shape & form

Types of tissue Hard connective tissue

– Bone • Has calcium salts, nerves, blood vessels• Called osseous tissue• Helps to form body’s rigid structure

Liquid connective tissue – vascular– Blood

• Carries nutrients & oxygen to cells• Carries wastes & carbon dioxide away

– Lymph• Transports tissue fluid, protein, fat, & other materials from

tissues to the circulatory system

Types of tissue Nerve tissue

– Made up of neurons– Controls & coordinates body activities by transmitting

messages through body– Nerves, brain, spinal cord

Muscle tissue– Produces power & movement by contracting muscle fibers– Types

• Skeletal – attaches to bones, allows body movement• Cardiac – causes heart to beat• Visceral – present in walls of respiratory, digestive, urinary tracts

& blood vessels

Systems of the body

Organs – 2 or more tissues joined together to perform a specific function

System – organs & body parts joined together to perform a specific function

Cells combine = tissue Tissues combine = organs Organs & parts combine = system

Systems of the body

Integumentary– Protects body from injury, infection,

dehydration– Regulates body temp– Eliminates wastes– Produces Vitamin D– Organs – skin, sweat/oil glands, nails, hair

Body Systems

Skeletal– Creates body framework– Protects internal organs– Produces blood cells – Acts as lever for muscles– Organs – bones, cartilage

Body Systems

Muscular– Produces movement– Protects internal organs– Produces body heat– Maintains posture– Organs –

• Skeletal muscle • Smooth muscle• cardiac muscle

Body Systems

Nervous – Coordinates activities– Controls body activities– Organs –

• Nerves• Brain• Spinal cord

Body Systems

Special Senses– Allow body to react to environment– Provides sight, hearing, taste, smell, & balance– Organs –

• Eye• Ear• Nose• Tongue• Sense receptors

Body Systems

Circulatory– Carries oxygen & nutrients to body cells– Carries waste & carbon dioxide away from body

cells– Produces cells to fight infection– Organs –

• Heart• Blood vessels• Blood• spleen

Body Systems

Lymphatic– Carries some tissue fluid & wastes to blood– Assists with fighting infection– Organs –

• Lymph nodes• Lymph vessels• Spleen• Thymus• Tonsils

Body Systems

Respiratory– Breathes in oxygen– Breathes out carbon dioxide– Organs –

• Nose • Pharynx• Larynx• Trachea• Bronchi• Lungs

Body Systems Digestive

– Digests food physically & chemically– Transports food– Absorbs nutrients– Eliminates waste– Organs

• Mouth• Salivary glands• Pharynx• Esophagus• Stomach• Intestine• Liver• Gall bladder• pancreas

Body Systems

Urinary– Filters blood– Maintains fluid balance– Maintains electrolyte balance– Produces & eliminates urine– Organs

• Kidneys• Ureters• Bladder• Urethra

Body Systems Endocrine

– Produces hormones– Secretes hormones– Regulates body processes– Organs

• Pituitary• Thyroid• Parathyroid• Adrenal• Thymus• Pancreas• Ovaries• Testes

Body Systems

Reproductive– Provides for reproduction– Organs

• Male– Testes, epidiymis– Vas deferens, urethra– Ejaculatory duct,– Seminal vesicles,– Prostate gland, penis

• Female– Ovaries, fallopian tubes– Uterus, vagina, breasts

Body Planes

Imaginary lines drawn through the body at various points to separate body into sections

TypesTransverse or axialMidsaggital or medianFrontal or coronal

Transverse plane

Horizontal, divides body in top half & bottom half– Superior – body parts above other parts– Inferior – body parts below other parts– Cranial – towards head– Caudal – body parts near sacral region or

tail

Midsaggital or Median plane

Vertical, divides body into right & left– Medial – near midline– Lateral – away from midline– Proximal – close to midline– Distal – away from midline

Frontal or coronal plane

Divides body into front & back– Ventral – front side or stomach side– Dorsal – back side – Anterior – front side or stomach side– Posterior – back side

Cavities of the body

Cranial– Brain

Spinal– Spinal column

Thoracic – Esophagus, trachea,– Bronchi, lungs, heart– Large blood vessels

Cavities of the body

Abdominal– Stomach, liver,– Small intestine– Most of large intestine– Appendix, gall bladder– Pancreas, spleen

Pelvic– Urinary bladder,– Reproductive organs– Last of large intestine

Abdominal cavity So large that it is divided up into

quadrant or region

Righthypochondriac

Epigastric

LeftHypoChondriac

Right lumbar

Umbilical

Leftlumbar

Rightiliac

Hypogastric

Leftiliac