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HEALTH DISPARITIES INHEALTH DISPARITIES INSOUTH LOS ANGELESSOUTH LOS ANGELES

Service Planning Areas 5/6

LaVonna B. Lewis, PhD, MPH

USC School of Policy, Planning, andDevelopment

llewis@usc.edu

mailto:llewis@usc.edumailto:llewis@usc.edu

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POPULATION BY RACE FOR LOS ANGELESPOPULATION BY RACE FOR LOS ANGELES

COUNTYCOUNTY

2000 20062000 2006

Race 2000 2006

Asian 1,120,668 (12.1%) 1,270,774 (13.2%)

Black 766,724 (8.3%) 843,479 (8.8%)

Latino 4,310,940 (46.6%) 4,624,005(47.9)%

White 2,966,960 (32.1%) 2,877,851 (29.8%)

Other 61,229 (0.66%) 28,629 (0.3%)

Total 9,246,541 (100.0%) 9,644,738 (100.0%)

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MalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibuMalibu

Pacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific PalisadesPacific Palisades

West LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LAWest LA

BrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwoodBrentwood

Bel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel AirBel Air

Marina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del ReyMarina del Rey

Playa del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del ReyPlaya del Rey

Mar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar VistaMar Vista

Santa MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta MonicaSanta Monica Culver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver CityCulver City

Beverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly HillsBeverly Hills

Century CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury CityCentury City

WestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchesterWestchester

Ladera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsLadera HeightsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor HillsView Park-Winsor Hills

Los Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City Limit

West ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest ComptonWest Compton

Los Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City LimitLos Angeles City Limit

WillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrookWillowbrook

Florence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-GrahamFlorence-Graham

LynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwoodLynwood

ComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonComptonParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamountParamount

Geographical Boundaries forService Planning Areas 5 & 6

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Health Care AccessHealth Care Access

ACCESS Los Angeles County SPA 6

Uninsured Percentage 21.8% 31.7%

No Regular Source ofCare

19.8% 26.9%

Difficulty withAccess

30.1% 43.9%

No Access to DentalCarefor one year

25.6% 35.1%

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Population Health StatusPopulation Health Status

Health Condition SPA 6 SPA 5OverweightChildren(BMI >95thPercentile)

25.5 16.2

Percent Childrenwith CurrentAsthma

6 13

Diabetes 9.2 4.2

Hypertension(%Adults) 25.4 16.7Teen Births 85.7 8.4

Infant Mortality 6.5 3.7

Cancer DeathRate/100,000

209 150

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Health Related Quality ofHealth Related Quality ofLifeLife

Health RelatedQuality of Life

Los Angeles CountySPA 6

%of Children inPoor Health per

parents

12.7% 17.6%

% of Adultsreporting fair to

poor health

20.6%

33.4%

Average # days oflimited activitiesdue to poor health

2.4 days 3.3 days

Average # ofunhealthy days inthe past month

6.4 days

7.4 days

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Prevention and HealthPrevention and HealthOutcomesOutcomes

Cancer Death Rates National SPA 6

Lung 54.1% 46.0%

Breast 25.2% 27.8%

Colorectal 19.1% 23.2%

Cervical 1.3% **

% of Women who

had a screening in thepast 3 years

86.0% 83.3%

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Years of Potential Life Lost perYears of Potential Life Lost per100,000 population per year100,000 population per year

Community Heart Disease &Stroke

Rank1-129

LA County overall 1,183 NA

Compton 2,620 129

Florence 1,767 116

Marina del Rey 1,155 67

Santa Monica 749 26

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Major Areas of HealthMajor Areas of HealthDisparitiesDisparities

Lack of comprehensive health care in SPA 6 Lack of Specialty Care in SPA 6 Inadequate levels of health insurance coverage

among the residents of SPA 6 Lack of Providers who are culturally competent Need for Comprehensive Health Planning

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Addressing Areas of HealthAddressing Areas of HealthDisparitiesDisparities

Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors is working to opencomprehensive care hospital in SPA 6

Los Angeles County Department of Health Services has

obtained funding for intensive case management projectfor diabetic patients in SPA 6

Community Health Councils (Reach 2010 Project) has

worked on an assessment of Cardiovascular Disease andRenal Disease health care needs in SPA 6 and anassessment of nutrition resources in SPA 6

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SocialDeterminants of

Health

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ResultsMarketsResultsMarkets

Improving the Nutritional Resource Environment forHealthy Living Through Community-BasedParticipatory Research

Journal of General Internal Medicine 2003:18:568-575 USC, UCLA, CHC, REACH Coalition

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Number of Persons Per StoreNumber of Persons Per Store

Population African-AmericanPopulation PercentageAfrican AmericanGroceryStores People perStore

United States 281,421,906 36,419,434 13 66,694 4,015

California 33,871,648 2,513,041 7 9,738 3,305

Target areas 679,148 317,894 47 114 5,957

Contrast area 222,019 17,768 8 59 3,763

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Shopping List SurveyShopping List Survey

TargetArea(N = 261)

ContrastArea(N = 69) P Value

Chain Store 18.3 46.2 .001

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Shopping List SurveyShopping List Survey

TargetArea(N = 261)

ContrastArea(N = 69) P Value

Fruit/vegetablesold 49.4 66.7 .05

Nonfat milk sold 37.9 79.7 .001

Low-fat snackssold

42.2 69.6 .001

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Eat More Vegetables?Eat More Vegetables?

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ConclusionConclusion

Our research supports a growing literaturethat argues that African-Americancommunities have disproportionately been

the objects of increased marketing andadvertising for unhealthy foods whilereceiving less targeted marketing forhealthier products

JGIM, 2003

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Results-RestaurantsResults-Restaurants

African Americans Access to Healthy FoodOptions in South Los Angeles Restaurants

American Journal of Public Health 2005:95:668-673 USC, UCLA, CHC, AABLH Coalition

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Restaurant Physical Environment Profile in South LosRestaurant Physical Environment Profile in South LosAngelesAngeles

Target AreaComparison Area P-value

(n=348) (n=311)

Restaurant type (%)

Fast food restaurants 25.6 11.2

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ConclusionConclusion

Findings from our study indicate thatcommunities in our target area offered anutritional resource environment that

makes it more challenging for residents toeat a healthy diet. AJPH 2005

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Assessments of markets, restaurants, and physical activity resources were

conducted in the target and comparison areas

Community organizations and residents collected and presented the data

Differences noted between areas used to mobilize stakeholders

Results were shared with community via multiple methods: Letters

One on one

Community meetings

Hearing participation

Media packages

Journal articles

Assessments and ActionAssessments and Action

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The Neighborhood Food Watch

Incentives for Food Retailers http://www.crala.org/internet-site/Developme

Fast Food Interim Control Ordinance

Ordinance Number 180103

http://www.crala.org/internet-site/Development/upload/Market_Opportunities_08.pdfhttp://sites.google.com/site/seastlancp/07-1658_ord_180103.pdf?attredirects=0http://sites.google.com/site/seastlancp/07-1658_ord_180103.pdf?attredirects=0http://www.crala.org/internet-site/Development/upload/Market_Opportunities_08.pdf