Health Care Systems

Medical Science IIMedical Science II

IntroductionIntroduction

• Many different health care systems Many different health care systems deliver health caredeliver health care

• Health care is one of the largest and Health care is one of the largest and fastest growing industries in the fastest growing industries in the United StatesUnited States

• Employs over 10 million workers in Employs over 10 million workers in over 200 careersover 200 careers

• Two billion dollar per day businessTwo billion dollar per day business

HospitalsHospitals• Vary in size and type of service providedVary in size and type of service provided• General hospitals treat wide range of conditionsGeneral hospitals treat wide range of conditions• Example: Onslow Memorial Hospital, Example: Onslow Memorial Hospital,

Jacksonville, NCJacksonville, NC

• Care for certain conditions or age Care for certain conditions or age groupsgroups

• Example: Duke Children’s Hospital in Example: Duke Children’s Hospital in Durham, NCDurham, NC

Specialty HospitalsSpecialty Hospitals

Government HospitalsGovernment Hospitals

• Operated by federal, state, and local Operated by federal, state, and local government agenciesgovernment agencies

• Facilities for military personnel and Facilities for military personnel and their dependentstheir dependents

• Example: Camp Lejeune Naval Example: Camp Lejeune Naval Hospital in Jacksonville, NC or Hospital in Jacksonville, NC or Womack Army Medical Center in Womack Army Medical Center in Fayetteville, NCFayetteville, NC

Images of military hospitalsImages of military hospitals

•http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/files/images/Military-Sealift-Command-hospital-ship-USNS-Mercy.jpg

Images of military hospitalsImages of military hospitals

•http://images.publicradio.org/content/2008/05/21/20080521_mash8063rd_33.jpg

University or College University or College Medical CentersMedical Centers

• Provide services, research and Provide services, research and educationeducation

• Example: Pitt County Memorial Example: Pitt County Memorial Hospital (University Health Care Hospital (University Health Care Systems) in Greenville, NCSystems) in Greenville, NC

Long Term Care Facilities Long Term Care Facilities (LTC or LTCF)(LTC or LTCF)

• Provide care for the elderly, Provide care for the elderly, individuals with chronic illnessindividuals with chronic illness

• Example: Britthaven of Jacksonville Example: Britthaven of Jacksonville (behind hospital) or Britthaven of (behind hospital) or Britthaven of Onslow (New River) in Jacksonville, Onslow (New River) in Jacksonville, NCNC

Medical OfficesMedical Offices

ServicesServices

• DiagnosisDiagnosis

• TreatmentTreatment

• ExaminationsExaminations

• Basic laboratory testsBasic laboratory tests

• Minor SurgeryMinor Surgery

• Example: Jacksonville Children’s Example: Jacksonville Children’s ClinicClinic

Dental OfficesDental Offices

• ServicesServices

• PreventativePreventative

• CosmeticCosmetic

• RestorationRestoration

• Example: Maxwell L. Gilliam, D.D.S. Example: Maxwell L. Gilliam, D.D.S. in Jacksonville, NCin Jacksonville, NC

ClinicsClinicsSatellite Clinics or Satellite Satellite Clinics or Satellite CentersCenters

• Group of physicians and/or dentists that Group of physicians and/or dentists that provide special careprovide special care

• Example: Onslow Doctors Care (blue and Example: Onslow Doctors Care (blue and white building across from the mall) in white building across from the mall) in Jacksonville, NCJacksonville, NC

Optical CentersOptical Centers

•Services

• Vision examinationsVision examinations

• Prescribe eye glasses or contact Prescribe eye glasses or contact lenseslenses

• Check for the presence of eye Check for the presence of eye diseasesdiseases

• Example: Lenscrafters (in shopping Example: Lenscrafters (in shopping malls)malls)

Emergency Care ServicesEmergency Care Services• Provide special care for accidents or Provide special care for accidents or

sudden illnesssudden illness

• Call 911 (EMS-Emergency Medical Call 911 (EMS-Emergency Medical Services)Services)

• Rescue squadsRescue squads

• Fire DepartmentFire Department

• ERs operated by hospitalsERs operated by hospitals

• Helicopter (East Care)Helicopter (East Care)

LaboratoriesLaboratories

• Medical laboratories: perform Medical laboratories: perform diagnostic testsdiagnostic tests

• Dental laboratories: prepare Dental laboratories: prepare dentures and other devicesdentures and other devices

• Example: Onslow Diagnostics (behind Example: Onslow Diagnostics (behind the hospital) Jacksonville, NCthe hospital) Jacksonville, NC

Home Health CareHome Health Care• Provide health care services in Provide health care services in

patient’s homepatient’s home

• Example: Continuum Home Health & Example: Continuum Home Health & Hospice in Jacksonville, NCHospice in Jacksonville, NC

Hospice Hospice • Provide care for terminally ill persons Provide care for terminally ill persons

with life expectancy of six months or with life expectancy of six months or less in person’s home or hospice less in person’s home or hospice facilityfacility

• Example: Onslow County Home Example: Onslow County Home Health & Hospice in Jacksonville, NCHealth & Hospice in Jacksonville, NC

Mental Health FacilitiesMental Health Facilities

• Deal with mental diseases and Deal with mental diseases and disordersdisorders

• Examples: Brynn Marr Hospital in Examples: Brynn Marr Hospital in Jacksonville, NCJacksonville, NC

Genetic Counseling CentersGenetic Counseling Centers

• Perform prenatal (before birth) Perform prenatal (before birth) screening tests for birth defectsscreening tests for birth defects

• Example: ECU Physicians Women’s Example: ECU Physicians Women’s Health in Greenville, NCHealth in Greenville, NC

Rehabilitation CentersRehabilitation Centers

• Provide care directed at helping Provide care directed at helping individuals with physical or mental individuals with physical or mental disabilities obtain maximum self-care disabilities obtain maximum self-care and functionand function

• Example: Coastal Rehabilitation Example: Coastal Rehabilitation Center (CRMC) in New Bern, NCCenter (CRMC) in New Bern, NC

Health Maintenance Health Maintenance OrganizationsOrganizations

• Health care is directed towards Health care is directed towards preventive health carepreventive health care

• Example: Alternative Health Care Example: Alternative Health Care Options in Charlotte, NCOptions in Charlotte, NC

Industrial Health Care Industrial Health Care CentersCenters

• Provides health care services for Provides health care services for employees of large companies or employees of large companies or industriesindustries

• Example: Moses Cone Occupational Example: Moses Cone Occupational Health in Greensboro, NCHealth in Greensboro, NC

School Health ServiceSchool Health Service• Found in schools and colleges that Found in schools and colleges that

provide health screening and provide health screening and emergency care for accidents and emergency care for accidents and sudden illnesses sudden illnesses

• Examples: Onslow County School Examples: Onslow County School District and East Carolina University District and East Carolina University Student Health CenterStudent Health Center

Government AgenciesGovernment Agencies

• World Health Organization (WHO)-World Health Organization (WHO)-international agency sponsored by international agency sponsored by the United Nations.the United Nations.

• Complies statistics and information Complies statistics and information on diseases, publishes health on diseases, publishes health information, and investigates and information, and investigates and addresses serious health problem addresses serious health problem throughout the world.throughout the world.

Government Agencies Government Agencies (cont)(cont)

• U.S. Department of Health and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (USDHHS)-national Human Services (USDHHS)-national agency that addresses the health agency that addresses the health problems in the United States.problems in the United States.

Government Agencies Government Agencies (cont)(cont)

• National Institutes of Health (NIH)-National Institutes of Health (NIH)-division of USDHHS responsible for division of USDHHS responsible for conducting research on diseases.conducting research on diseases.

• Centers for Disease Control and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)-division of USDHHS Prevention (CDC)-division of USDHHS that is concerned with causes, that is concerned with causes, spread and control of diseases.spread and control of diseases.

Government Agencies Government Agencies (cont)(cont)

• Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-national agency responsible for national agency responsible for regulating food and drug products regulating food and drug products sold to the public.sold to the public.

Government Agencies Government Agencies (cont)(cont)

• Agency for Health Care Policy and Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR)-national agency Research (AHCPR)-national agency that researches the quality of health that researches the quality of health care delivery and identify the care delivery and identify the standards of treatment that should standards of treatment that should be provided by health care facilities.be provided by health care facilities.

Government AgenciesGovernment Agencies

• Occupational Safety and Health Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSA)-state agency Administration (OSA)-state agency that is responsible for enforcing that is responsible for enforcing standards that protect workers from standards that protect workers from job-related injuries and illnesses.job-related injuries and illnesses.

Government Agencies Government Agencies (cont)(cont)

• Health Departments-directed by USDHHS, Health Departments-directed by USDHHS, this state agency provides specific this state agency provides specific services needed by the state or local services needed by the state or local community.community.

• Services include: immunizations, Services include: immunizations, inspections for environmental health and inspections for environmental health and sanitation, communicable disease sanitation, communicable disease control, health education, and clinics for control, health education, and clinics for health care and prevention.health care and prevention.

Voluntary AgenciesVoluntary Agencies(Nonprofit)(Nonprofit)

• Studies a disease, provides funding to Studies a disease, provides funding to encourage research towards curing or encourage research towards curing or treating the disease, and educates treating the disease, and educates the public about the disease.the public about the disease.

• Provides special services to victims of Provides special services to victims of disease, such as purchasing medical disease, such as purchasing medical equipment and supplies, and equipment and supplies, and providing treatment centers.providing treatment centers.

Voluntary Agencies Voluntary Agencies (Nonprofit) cont(Nonprofit) cont

• Supported by donations, membership Supported by donations, membership fees, fundraisers, and federal or state fees, fundraisers, and federal or state grants.grants.

• American Cancer SocietyAmerican Cancer Society• American Heart AssociationAmerican Heart Association• American Diabetes AssociationAmerican Diabetes Association• Health Occupations Students of Health Occupations Students of

America (HOSA)America (HOSA)