Critical Question 1 ­ Muscular System.notebook

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Heading: Muscular SystemSub: Types of Muscle Tissue

1.Skeletal Muscle ­ Attached primarily to bones. It enables us to move and is under our conscious control.

2.Cardiac Muscle ­ Forms most of the heart. It is involuntary.3.Smooth Muscle ­ These are found in the internal organs

such as the Liver. we do not have conscious control over them.

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Tibialis Anterior

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Heading: Muscle RelationshipsThe muscles involved in producing a movement can play three different roles:· Agonist· Antagonist· Stabiliser

The agonist is the contracting muscle primarily involved in producing the movement. For example, the agonist involved in flexion of the leg at the knee joint is the hamstring.

Sub: Agonist

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Sub: Antagonist

The antagonist is the opposite muscle that relaxes during a movement. The antagonist involved in flexion of the biceps during a bicep curl is the triceps.

Sub: Stabilisers (Synergists)

A stabiliser acts to stabilise a bone or body segment so that the agonist can work more efficiently. In the running action, the torso muscles (rectus abdominus and erector spinae) help keep the body in a stable position.

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Movement Agonist Antagonist

Bicep curl (flexion) Biceps brachii triceps

Bench press (Lift phase)

Leg extension machine (lift phase)

Squats (up phase)

Dip (up phase)

Sit ups

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Sub: Types of Muscle ContractionsWhen a muscle is stimulated, it contracts. This may happen in a number of ways. There are three principal types of muscle contraction — Isotonic, which includes (concentric & eccentric) and isometric.

1. ConcentricA concentric contraction is the most common type of muscular contraction. During this contraction, the muscle shortens, causing movement at the joint. Eg. flexion phase if a bicep curl

2. EccentricAn eccentric contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens while under tension. The action often happens with the assistance of gravity.

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3. IsometricAn isometric contraction occurs when the muscle fibres are activated and develop force, but the muscle length does not change; that is, movement does not occur. e.g. planking

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Type of Contraction Type of Exercise

Pushing against a door frame

Upward phase of the bicep curl

Downward phase of the bicep curl

Upward phase of shoulder press

Pulling down lat pulldown machine

Supporting yourself on a rock wall

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Homework Question?What is the difference between muscle origin and insertion?