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Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guide, Eighth Edition (Cohen)

Lesson Plans

Chapter 9—Circulation: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Goals of the Lesson:

Cognitive: Students will be able to identify the structure and function of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system, in its normal and clinical aspects. They will also learn different disorders, medical terms, and medical abbreviations involving the cardiovascular and lymphatic system.Motor: The students will be able to identify the various structures on models of the heart. They will also be able to identify the location of the lymphatic structures. Affective: The students will gain understanding of the complexity and interrelationship of the cardiovascular and lymphatic system.

Learning Objectives:

The lesson plan for each objective starts on the page shown below.

9-1 Describe the structure of the heart.................................................................................................................................39-2 Trace the path of blood flow through the heart.............................................................................................................59-3 Trace the path of electrical conduction through the heart.............................................................................................79-4 Identify the components of an electrocardiogram.........................................................................................................99-5 Differentiate among arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins.......................................................................109-6 Explain blood pressure and describe how blood pressure is measured.........................................................................129-7 Identify and use the roots pertaining to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.....................................................149-8 Describe the main disorders that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems......................................................159-9 Define medical terms pertaining to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems............................................................299-10 List the functions and components of the lymphatic system.........................................................................................319-11 Interpret medical abbreviations referring to circulation................................................................................................339-12 Analyze medical terms in case studies involving circulation........................................................................................34

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Selected Key Terms

The Cardiovascular Systemaorta left AV valveaortic valve mitral valveapex myocardiumartery pericardiumarteriole pulmonary arteryatrioventricular (AV) node

pulmonary circuit

atrioventricular (AV) valve

pulmonary veins

atrium pulmonary valveAV bundle pulseblood pressure Purkinje fibersbundle branches repolarizationcapillary right AV valvecardiovascular system

septum

depolarization sinus rhythmdiastole sinoatrial (SA)

nodeelectrocardiography (ECG)

sphygmomanometer

endocardium superior vena cavaepicardium systemic circuitfunctional murmur systoleheart valveheart rate veinheart sounds ventricleinferior vena cava venule

vessel

The Lymphatic System

appendix right lymphatic ductlymph spleenlymph node thoracic ductlymphatic system thymusPeyer patches tonsils

Cohen: Medical Terminology: An Illustrated Guide (Eighth Edition)Chapter 9 — Circulation: The Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

You Will Need:

Gather the following materials and teaching aids for the following lessons:9-1 1. An unlabeled poster of the heart, note cards labeled with the structures of the heart; 2. Animal hearts, dissection

tools, gloves, biohazard containers9-2 Poster of the heart, red and blue arrows9-3 1. Stethoscope and microphone; 2. Unlabeled version of Figure 9-3, poster size or projected.9-4 Copies of ECG tracings 9-5 Anatomic model showing the arteries and veins9-6 Sphygmomanometers, stethoscopes, alcohol prep pads, biohazard container9-7 Stedman’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards, 2e (2009); Stedman’s Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions

and Nursing, Illustrated, 7th ed. (2011), one per small group9-9 1. Stedman’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards, 2e (2009); 2. Small slips of paper with terms from the chapter, five

terms for each student9-10 Poster boards and markers9-11 Note cards9-12 Stedman’s Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing, Illustrated, 7th ed. (2011), one per small

group



Objective 9-1

Describe the structure of the heart. Date:

Lecture OutlineFigures, Tables, and Features

Resources andIn-Class Activities

Outside AssignmentsEvaluation Instructor’s Notes

Content Text page

PPt slide

Layers of the heart (from innermost to outermost) Endocardium: a thin

membrane that lines the chambers and valves

Myocardium: a thick muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall

Epicardium: a thin membrane that covers the heart

Pericardium: a fibrous sac that contains the heart and anchors it to surrounding structures

Chambers of the heart Atria (singular: atrium)

The heart’s two upper receiving chambers

Separated by the interatrial septum

Ventricles (singular: ventricle) The heart’s two lower

pumping chambers Separated by the

interventricular septum

164 24–26 Figures9-1 The cardiovascular system. The pulmonary circuit carries blood to and from the lungs; the systemic circuit carries blood to and from all other parts of the body.p. 164

9-2 The heart and great vessels. AV stands for atrioventricular. p. 165

ResourcesActivities for Chapter 9 in thePoint (SR).

In-Class Activities1. Pin an unlabeled poster of the heart to a large soft board. Divide the class into small teams. Randomly distribute labels of the heart to each team. Ask a person from one team to go to the poster and pin his or her label at the correct position. If the person gets the label wrong, the label is passed to the next team. Give the teams points for correctly labeling the parts.

MaterialsAn unlabeled poster of the heart, note cards labeled with the structures of the heart

2. Obtain several hearts from a butcher. Divide students into groups; give

Outside AssignmentsChapter Reviewpp. 195–201

EvaluationTest Bank (IR)

*Adaptive Learning Powered by PrepUIndividualized, adaptive learning through quizzing and remediation is available for this chapter.

SRHave students work through exercises for Chapter 9 in thePoint (SR).



each group a heart. Allow the students to use dissection tools to dissect the hearts and identify the various structures.

MaterialsAnimal hearts, dissection tools, gloves, biohazard containers

Legend: IR: Instructor’s Resources; SR: Student Resources (thePoint); PPt: PowerPoint



Objective 9-2

Trace the path of blood flow through the heart. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

The sequence of blood flow through the heart The right atrium receives

blood low in oxygen from all body tissues through the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava

The blood then enters the right ventricle and is pumped to the lungs through the pulmonary artery

Blood returns from the lungs high in oxygen and enters the left atrium through the pulmonary veins

Blood enters the left ventricle and is forcefully pumped into the aorta to be distributed to all tissues

One-way valves in the heart keep blood moving in a forward direction The valves between the

atrium and ventricle on each side are the atrioventricular (AV) valves

The valve between the right atrium and ventricle is the

165 27 Figures9-2 The heart and great vessels. AV stands for atrioventricular. p. 165


In-Class ActivitiesPin a poster of the heart to a large soft board. Divide the class into two teams. Distribute red and blue arrows to the teams. Ask each team to pin the red and blue arrows in the correct sequence. Give the teams points for correctly pinning the arrows.

MaterialsPoster of the heart, red and blue arrows

AnimationsView “Blood Circulation” (IR, SR)







right AV valve This is also known as

the tricuspid valve because it has three cusps

The valve between the left atrium and ventricle is the left AV valve This is a bicuspid valve

with two cusps It is often called the

mitral valve The valve at the entrance to

the pulmonary artery is the pulmonary valve It has three cusps Each cusp is shaped like

a half-moon, so this valve is described as a semilunar valve

The valve at the entrance to the aorta is the aortic valve It also has three cusps

and is a semilunar valve




Objective 9-3

Trace the path of electrical conduction through the heart. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Cardiac contractions are stimulated by a built-in system that regularly transmits electrical impulses through the heart

The components of this system include the following (listed in the sequence of action): Sinoatrial (SA) node

Located in the upper right atrium

Called the pacemaker because it sets the rate of the heartbeat

Atrioventricular (AV) node Located at the bottom of

the right atrium near the ventricle

Internodal fibers between the SA and AV nodes carry stimulation throughout both atria

AV bundle (bundle of His) Located at the top of the

interventricular septum Left and right bundle

branches These travel along the

166 28–30 Figures9-3 The heart’s electrical conduction system. Impulses travel from the sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrioventricular (AV) node, then to the atrioventricular bundle, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers. Internodal pathways carry impulses throughout the atria.p. 166

Boxes9-1 Focus on Words: Name That Structurep. 167


In-Class Activities1. Ask a volunteer to step forward. Listen to the volunteer’s heartbeat using a stethoscope. If the heartbeat is normal, attach the earphone of the stethoscope to a microphone. Ask the class to listen to the heartbeat and identify the systole and diastole. Simultaneously, ask the students to measure the heart rate.

MaterialsStethoscope and microphone

2. Display an unlabeled version of Figure 9-3. Have students take turns attempting to label the components of the electrical conduction







left and right sides of the septum

Purkinje fibers Carry stimulation

throughout the walls of the ventricles

Heartbeat generation The heart itself generates the

heartbeat Factors such as nervous

system stimulation, hormones, and drugs can influence the rate and the force of contractions

system of the heart.

MaterialsUnlabeled version of Figure 9-3, poster size or projected.

AnimationView “Cardiac Cycle” (IR, SR)

Legend: IB: IR: Instructor’s Resources; SR: Student Resources (thePoint); PPt: PowerPoint



Objective 9-4

Identify the components of an electrocardiogram. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

The P wave Represents electrical change,

or depolarization, of the atrial muscles

The QRS component Shows depolarization of the

ventricles The T wave

Shows return, or repolarization, of the ventricles to their resting state

Atrial repolarization is hidden by the QRS wave

The small U wave If present, this follows the T

wave It is of uncertain origin

An interval measures the distance from one wave to the next

A segment is a smaller component of the tracing

166 31 Figures9-4 Electrocardiography (ECG). A. ECG tracing showing a normal sinus rhythm. B. Components of a normal ECG tracing. Shown are the P, QRS, T, and U waves, which represent electrical activity in different parts of the heart. Intervals measure from one wave to the next; segments are smaller components of the tracing.p. 167


In-Class ActivitiesDivide the class into groups. Give each group a sample ECG tracing. Ask students to work together to label the components of an ECG tracing.

MaterialsCopies of ECG tracings








Objective 9-5

Differentiate among arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Arteries Carry blood away from the

heart All arteries, except the

pulmonary artery (and the umbilical artery in the fetus), carry highly oxygenated blood

They are thick-walled, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

Arterioles Vessels smaller than arteries

that lead into the capillaries Capillaries

The smallest vessels Through these, exchanges

take place between the blood and the tissues

Venules Small vessels that receive

blood from the capillaries and drain into the veins

Veins Carry blood back to the heart All veins, except the

168 32 Figures9-5 Principal systemic arteries.p. 168

9-6 Principal systemic veins.p. 169


In-Class ActivitiesUsing models, point out the various arteries and veins during discussion.

MaterialsAnatomic model showing the arteries and veins







pulmonary vein (and the umbilical vein in the fetus), carry blood low in oxygen

They have thinner, less elastic walls and tend to give way under pressure

They contain one-way valves that keep blood flowing forward




Objective 9-6

Explain blood pressure and describe how blood pressure is measured. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Blood pressure (BP) is the force exerted by blood against the wall of a blood vessel It falls as the blood travels

away from the heart It is influenced by a variety

of factors, including cardiac output, vessel diameters, and total blood volume Vasoconstriction

increases blood pressure in a vessel; vasodilation decreases pressure

Measuring blood pressure Commonly measured with

an inflatable cuff called a sphygmomanometer

The process The examiner inflates

the cuff to stop blood flow in a vessel

He or she then uses a stethoscope to listen for blood flow in the vessel as the pressure is slowly released

168–170

33 Figures9-7 Blood pressure cuff (sphygmomanometer). Shown are the cuff, the pump for inflating the cuff, and the manometer for measuring pressure.p. 169

Boxes9-2 Clinical Perspectives, Hemodynamic Monitoring: Measuring Blood Pressure from Withinp. 170


In-Class ActivitiesInstruct the students on the correct method to obtain a blood pressure reading.

MaterialsSphygmomanometers, stethoscopes, alcohol prep pads, biohazard container







The blood pressure reading Includes the following:

Systolic pressure, measured while the heart is contracting

Diastolic pressure, measured when the heart relaxes

These are reported as systolic then diastolic separated by a slash, such as 120/80

Pressure is expressed as millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) This represents the

height to which the pressure can push a column of mercury in a tube




Objective 9-7

Identify and use the roots pertaining to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

See Table 9-1 on p. 173 for roots pertaining to the heart

See Table 9-2 on p. 174 for roots pertaining to the blood vessels

See Table 9-3 on p. 187 for roots pertaining to the lymphatic system

173–175, 187, 188

20, 21

Tables9-1 Roots for the Heartp. 173

9-2 Roots for the Blood Vesselsp. 174

9-3 Roots for the Lymphatic Systemp. 187

ExercisesExercise 9-1p. 173, 174

Exercise 9-2pp. 174, 175

Exercise 9-3pp. 187, 188


In-Class ActivitiesPull the cardiology and lymphatic flash cards from Stedman’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards. Randomly distribute the cards among the students. Ask students to determine the meaning of each term using their knowledge of the roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Allow students to use a dictionary to verify their answer.

MaterialsStedman’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards, 2e (2009); Stedman’s Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing, Illustrated, 7th ed. (2011), one per small group








Objective 9-8

Describe the main disorders that affect the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

The Cardiovascular System Atherosclerosis

Accumulation of plaque (fatty deposits) within the lining of an artery Plaque begins to form

when a vessel receives tiny injuries, usually at a point of branching

Plaques gradually thicken and harden with fibrous material, cells, and other deposits

Plaques restrict the vessel’s lumen (opening) and reduce blood flow to the tissues This is known as

ischemia A major risk factor for the

development of atherosclerosis is dyslipidemia This refers to

abnormally high levels or imbalance in lipoproteins that are carried in the blood

175–181, 188

43–51, 56–59, 72–74

Figures9-8 Coronary atherosclerosis. A. Fat deposits (plaque) narrow an artery, leading to ischemia (lack of blood supply). B. Plaque causes blockage (occlusion) of a vessel. C. Formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a vessel leads to myocardial infarction (MI).p. 176

9-9 Dissecting aortic aneurysm. Blood separates the layers of the arterial wall.p. 176

9-10 Coronary angiography. Coronary vessels are imaged after administration of a dye during cardiac catheterization. A. Angiography shows narrowing in the mid-left anterior descending (LAD) artery (arrow). B. The same


AnimationView “Hypertension” and “Heart Failure” (IR, SR)

In-Class ActivitiesDivide the class into small groups or pairs. Assign each group a different disorder to research (causes, treatments, etc.). Have the groups report their findings to the rest of the class. To tie in a review of Chapter 8, have students include what generic and brand name drugs are used.







Other risk factors for atherosclerosis include smoking, high blood pressure, poor diet, inactivity, stress, and a family history of the disorder

Atherosclerosis may involve any arteries Most of its effects are

seen in the coronary vessels of the heart aorta, the carotid arteries in the neck, and vessels in the brain

Atherosclerosis is the most common form of a more general condition known as arteriosclerosis With this condition,

vessel walls harden from any cause

Plaque, calcium, salts, and scar tissue may contribute to arterial wall thickening

Thrombosis and embolism Thrombosis is the formation

of a blood clot (thrombus) within a vessel This interrupts blood

flow to the tissues supplied by that vessel, resulting in necrosis

Blockage of a vessel by a thrombus or other mass carried in the bloodstream is embolism

vessel after angioplasty, a procedure to distend narrowed vessels. Note the improved blood flow through the artery distal to the repair.p. 177

9-11 Coronary angioplasty (PTCA). A. A guide catheter is threaded into the coronary artery. B. A balloon catheter is inserted through the occlusion. C. The balloon is inflated and deflated until plaque is flattened and the vessel is opened.p. 177

9-12 Arterial stent. A. Stent closed, before balloon inflation. B. Stent open, balloon inflated; stent will remain expanded after balloon is deflated and removed. C. Stent open, balloon removed.p. 178

9-13 Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). A. A segment of the saphenous vein carries blood from the aorta to a part of the right coronary artery that is distal to an occlusion. B. The mammary artery is used to bypass an obstruction in the



The mass itself is called an embolus Can be a blood clot,

air, fat, bacteria, or other solid materials

Often a venous thrombus will travel through the heart and then lodge in an artery of the lungs This results in a life-

threatening pulmonary embolism

An embolus from a carotid artery often blocks a cerebral vessel This causes a

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), commonly called stroke

Aneurysm Formed when an arterial

wall weakened by atherosclerosis, malformation, injury, or other changes balloons out

If an aneurysm ruptures, hemorrhage results

Rupture of a cerebral artery is another cause of stroke The abdominal aorta

and carotid arteries are also common aneurysm sites

In a dissecting aneurysm blood hemorrhages into the

left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery.p. 178

9-14 Myocardial infarction (MI). A blood clot (thrombus) causes a zone of necrosis (tissue death). Surrounding tissue suffers from lack of blood supply (ischemia).p. 178

9-15 Potential sites for heart block in the atrioventricular (AV) portion of the heart’s conduction system.p. 179

9-16 Placement of a pacemaker. The lead is placed in an atrium or ventricle, usually on the right side. A dual-chamber pacemaker has leads in both chambers.p. 179

9-17 Congenital heart defects. A. Normal fetal heart showing the foramen ovale and ductus arteriosus. B. Persistence of the foramen ovale results in an atrial septal defect. C. A ventricular septal defect. D. Persistence of the ductus arteriosus (patent ductus arteriosus) forces blood



arterial wall’s thick middle layer, separating the muscle as it spreads and sometimes rupturing the vessel

Hypertension (HTN; high blood pressure) Defined as a systolic

pressure greater than 140 mm Hg or a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mm Hg

Causes the left ventricle to enlarge as a result of increased work

Some cases of HTN are secondary to other disorders, such as kidney malfunction or endocrine disturbance

Most of the time, the causes are unknown (primary, or essential, HTN)

Changes in diet and life habits are the first line of defense in controlling HTN

Drugs that are used include the following: Diuretics to eliminate

fluids Vasodilators to relax the

blood vessels Drugs that prevent the

formation or action of angiotensin This is a substance

in the blood that normally acts to

back into the pulmonary artery. E. Coarctation of the aorta restricts outward blood flow in the aorta.p. 180

9-18 Varicose veins.p. 180

9-22 Lymphatic disorders. A. Lymphangitis is inflammation of lymphatic vessels. Note the linear red streak proximal to a skin infection. B. Lymphedema of the upper right extremity following removal of axillary lymph nodes and blockage of lymph flow.p. 189

9-23 Pitting edema. When the skin is pressed firmly with the finger (A), a pit remains after the finger is removed (B).p. 190

Boxes9-3 Health Professions: Vascular Technologistsp. 181

9-4 Clinical Perspectives: Lymphedema: When Lymph Stops Flowingp. 188



increase blood pressure

Heart disease Coronary artery disease

(CAD) Results from

atherosclerosis in the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle

An early sign of CAD is the type of chest pain known as angina pectoris This is a feeling of

constriction around the heart

Can also be pain that may radiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion

Often there is anxiety, diaphoresis, and dyspnea

Diagnosis tools include ECG, stress tests, echocardiography, coronary angiography, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium scan, measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and the hs-CRP



test Treatments include

control of exercise and diet, drug therapy, and surgical intervention when appropriate

Myocardial infarction (MI) Development of an area

of myocardial necrosis, or an infarct Caused by

degenerative changes in the arteries leading to thrombosis and sudden coronary artery occlusion (obstruction)

Also called a “heart attack”

Can cause sudden death Symptoms include

precordial pain or epigastric pain that may extend to the jaw or arms, pallor (paleness), diaphoresis, nausea, fatigue, anxiety, and dyspnea There may also be a

burning sensation similar to indigestion or heartburn

In women, MI symptoms are often more long-term and



more subtle and diffuse This is because

degenerative changes more commonly affect multiple small vessels rather than the major coronary pathways

MI is diagnosed by ECG and assays for specific substances in the blood These substances

include creatine kinase and troponin

Patient outcome is based on the degree of damage and the speed of treatment

Arrhythmia Any irregularity of heart

rhythm, such as an altered heart rate, extra beats, or a change in the pattern of the beat

Bradycardia is a slower-than-average rate

Tachycardia is a higher-than-average rate

Damage to cardiac tissue, as by MI, may result in an interruption in the heart’s electrical conduction system



resulting in arrhythmia If, for any reason, the

SA node is not generating a normal heartbeat or there is heart block, an artificial pacemaker may be implanted to regulate the beat

Fibrillation is an extremely rapid, ineffective heartbeat Commonly caused

by MI Especially

dangerous when it affects the ventricles

Cardioversion is the general term for restoration of a normal heart rhythm with drugs or application of an electric current Automated external

defibrillators detect fatal arrhythmia and automatically deliver a correct preprogrammed shock

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) detects potential fibrillation and automatically



shocks the heart to restore normal rhythm

Cardiac ablation is a newer type of treatment for arrhythmia

Heart failure Any condition in which

the heart fails to empty effectively The resulting

increased pressure in the venous system leads to edema Left-side

failure results in pulmonary edema with breathing difficulties

Right-side failure causes peripheral edema with tissue swelling, especially in the legs, along with weight gain from fluid retention

Heart failure is treated with rest, drugs to strengthen heart contractions, diuretics to eliminate fluid, and restriction of salt in the



diet Heart failure is one

cause of shock This is a severe

disturbance in the circulatory system resulting in inadequate blood delivery to the tissues

Congenital heart disease Any defect that is

present at birth Septal defect

The most common type of congenital heart disease

This is a hole in the septum (wall) that separates the atria or the septum that separates the ventricles

A septal defect permits blood to shunt from the left to the right side of the heart and return to the lungs instead of flowing out to the body The heart has

to work harder to meet the tissues’ oxygen needs



Symptoms of septal defect include cyanosis, syncope, and clubbing of the fingers

Patent ductus arteriosus Also results from

persistence of a fetal modification

In this case, a small bypass between the pulmonary artery and the aorta fails to close at birth

Blood then can flow from the aorta to the pulmonary artery and return to the lungs

Heart valve malformation Failure of a valve to

open or close properly is evidenced by a murmur

A localized aortic narrowing restricts blood flow through that vessel

Most congenital defects described can be corrected surgically

Rheumatic heart disease Infection with a specific

type of Streptococcus



sets up an immune reaction that ultimately damages the heart valves

The infection usually begins as a “strep throat”

Most often the mitral valve is involved Scar tissue fuses the

valve’s leaflets, causing a narrowing or stenosis that interferes with proper function

People with rheumatic heart disease are subject to repeated valvular infections

Severe cases of rheumatic heart disease may require surgical correction or even valve replacement

The incidence of rheumatic heart disease has declined with the use of antibiotics

Disorders of the veins Varicose veins

This results from breakdown in the valves of the veins in combination with a chronic dilatation of these vessels



The veins appear twisted and swollen under the skin, most commonly in the legs

Contributing factors include heredity, obesity, prolonged standing, and pregnancy

Varicosities can impede blood flow and lead to edema, thrombosis, hemorrhage, or ulceration

Treatment includes the wearing of elastic stockings and in some cases, surgical removal of the varicose veins

A varicose vein in the rectum or anal canal is referred to as a hemorrhoid

Phlebitis Any inflammation of the

veins May be caused by

infection, injury, poor circulation, or damage to valves in the veins

Typically initiates blood clot formation, resulting in thrombophlebitis A more serious

condition, deep vein thrombosis, involves the deep veins as opposed to



the superficial veins The most

common sites for DVT are the deep leg veins

The Lymphatic System Changes in the lymphatic system

are often related to infection Lymphadenitis:

inflammation and enlargement of the nodes

Lymphangitis: inflammation of the vessels

Lymphedema Tissue swelling Results from obstruction of

lymphatic vessels because of surgical excision or infection

Lymphoma: any neoplastic disease involving lymph nodes is termed These neoplastic disorders

affect the white cells found in the lymphatic system




Objective 9-9

Define medical terms pertaining to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

See the Terminology: Key Terms box on pp. 170–172 for terms pertaining to the cardiovascular system

See the Terminology: Key Terms box on pp. 181–184 for terms pertaining to cardiovascular disorders

See the Terminology: Key Terms box on pp. 186–187 for terms pertaining to the lymphatic system

See the Terminology: Key Terms box on p. 189 for terms pertaining to lymphatic disorders

See the Terminology: Supplementary Terms box on pp. 189–193 for supplementary terms related to the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems

170–172, 181–184, 186, 187, 189–193

36–42, 60-71, 75, 76, 78–89

Boxes Terminology: Key Termspp. 170–172

Terminology: Key Termspp. 181–184

Terminology: Key Termspp. 186–187

Terminology: Key Termsp. 189

Terminology: Supplementary Termspp. 189–193


In-Class Activities1. Place flash cards of various terms face down in a stack. Divide the class into two groups. Instruct students, one at a time, to draw a flash card, read the term, and correctly define the word. If that individual is incorrect, the other team gets a chance. Give points for correct definitions. The team with the most points wins.

MaterialsStedman’s Medical Terminology Flash Cards, 2e (2009)

2. Divide students into groups. Distribute to each member of the group three to five slips of paper with terms from the chapter.







Have each student write “fill in the blank” sentences with context clues for their words. Have students rotate their papers to the right, having each student in turn complete one sentence until all sentences are filled in. The next student in line may either complete a new sentence or correct a classmate’s response if necessary.

MaterialsSmall slips of paper with terms from the chapter, five terms for each student




Objective 9-10

List the functions and components of the lymphatic system. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Functions of the lymphatic system Return excess fluid and

proteins from tissues to bloodstream Blind-ended lymphatic

capillaries pick up these materials in the tissues and carry them into larger vessels

Protect the body from impurities and invading microorganisms Lymph nodes filter

lymph as it passes through

Absorb digested fats from the small intestine These fats are then

added to the blood with the lymph that drains from the thoracic duct

Components of the system Lymph: the fluid carried in

the lymphatic system Thoracic duct: travels

upward through the chest and empties into the left subclavian vein near the heart

184–186

72–74

Figures9-19 Lymphatic system. A. Lymphatic vessels drain almost every area of the body. Lymph nodes are distributed along the path of the vessels. Areas draining into the right lymphatic duct are shown in purple; areas draining into the thoracic duct are shown in red. B. Lymph nodes and vessels of the head. C. Drainage of the right lymphatic duct and thoracic duct into the subclavian veins. D. Lymph nodes and vessels of the breast, mammary glands, and surrounding areas. p. 185

9-20 Lymphatic drainage in the tissues. Lymphatic capillaries pick up fluid and proteins left in the tissues and carry them back to the bloodstream.p. 186


In-Class ActivitiesDivide the class into small groups. Instruct each group to create an educational poster illustrating the lymphatic system.

MaterialsPoster board, markers







Right lymphatic duct: drains the body’s upper right side and empties into the right subclavian vein

Lymph nodes: filter the lymph as it passes through the lymphatic vessels Concentrated in the

cervical (neck), axillary (armpit), mediastinal (chest), and inguinal (groin) regions

Tonsils: filter inhaled or swallowed materials and aid in immunity early in life

Thymus: processes and stimulates lymphocytes active in immunity

Spleen: filters blood and destroys old red blood cells

Appendix: may aid in the development of immunity

Peyer patches: help protect against invading microorganisms

9-20 Location of lymphoid tissue.p. 186




Objective 9-11

Interpret medical abbreviations referring to circulation. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

See the Terminology: Abbreviations box on pp. 193–194 for abbreviations referring to circulation

193, 194

90–97

BoxesTerminology: Abbreviationspp. 193, 194


In-Class ActivitiesFor each abbreviation, prepare two note cards: one with the abbreviation and one with the expansion. Randomly distribute the cards among the students and instruct them to find the cards corresponding to their own. When all students have found their partners, ask them to read aloud their abbreviations and meanings.

MaterialsNote cards








Objective 9-12

Analyze medical terms in case studies involving circulation. Date:




Content Text page

PPt slide

Case study Chief complaint

19-year-old man Passed out during two

long runs with his platoon

Terms related to examination cardiologist Holter monitor arrhythmias

Additional terms related to clinical course atrial fibrillation anticoagulants blood clots ablation pulmonary vein catheter

163, 194, 202, 203

none ResourcesActivities for Chapter 9 in thePoint (SR).

In-Class ActivitiesRead the case studies as a class, writing the various terms on the board. Ask for volunteers to define the various medical terms in the case studies. Allow the students to use a dictionary to verify their answers.

MaterialsStedman’s Medical Dictionary for the Health Professions and Nursing, Illustrated, 7th ed. (2011), one per small group

Outside AssignmentsCase Studies Questionspp. 202, 203

Instruct students to read a professional medical article and write a short essay describing it. They should include in their descriptions 5 to 7 terms found in the article and their definitions.




Legend: IR: Instructor’s Resources; SR: Student Resources (thePoint); PPt: PowerPointPage 34 of 35Copyright © 2017 Wolters Kluwer | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins



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Heading 1 - Lippincott Williams & Wilkinsdownloads.lww.com/wolterskluwer_vitalstream_com/sample-conte… · Web viewContent Text page PPt slide Layers of the heart (from ... Instruct