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8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
1/27
PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
2/27
PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
What is? Its about designing computer systems that support
people so that they can carry out their activitiesproductively and safety
Role in design and development of all kind ofsystem (useable, safety, functional, office system,entertainment, production, etc)
Goal to develop or improve the safety, utility,effectiveness, efficiency, and us ilityof the systemthat include computer.
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Adapted from Figure 1 of the ACM SIGCHI Curricula for
Human-Computer Interaction.
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
A set of processes, dialogues, and actionthrough which a human user employs andinteracts with computer (Beacker and Buxton,1987).
A discipline concerned with the design,evaluation and implementation of interactivecomputing systems for human use and with thestudy of major phenomena surrounding them
(ACM SIGCHI, 1992)
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
How to keep abreast of changes intechnology
How to ensure that their design offer goodHCI as well as harnessing the potentialfunctionality of the new technology
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
The most basic functionality of a video
recorder, playing a tape, is easy to use.
However, anything more advanced, suchas programming a recording, can become
rather difficult.
Some of the buttons on a VCRremote control are easy to
understand, but others are
unfathomable without the
instruction manual.
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
7/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Can you see where the toilet paper is in this hotel bathroom?
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
8/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
The toilet paper is well-hidden under the ledge,and is impossible to find without the sign.
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
9/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
An example of ambiguous affordances in door design. The vertical handles mounted
on both sides of the door suggest grasping and pulling. Unfortunately, from one side,
the door has to be pushed! Note the signs above the handles.
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
10/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
How do you open the toothpaste
Design Suggestionprovide the type of sealed cap used on many soft-drink bottles,where unscrewing the cap breaks the seal
include directions on the tube for piercing the sealThe directions should be illustrated graphically so they could beunderstood by speakers of any language
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
11/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Trap between the door
Design suggestioninstall (swinging) doors that can beopened by both pushing and pulling
install appropriate door handles
Flat push-bar handles would be installedon the sides of the doors to be pushed;the pull-type handles like those shownhere would be installed on the sides ofthe doors to be pulled
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
12/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
How do you open the refrigerator
Design suggestion
It would be best to put ahandle on the front of arefrigerator door so that itcan be easily seen
There should not be visible
handles on both sides
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
13/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
What wrong with this intersection?
Design suggestion
This problem might be fixedby making the green turnarrow more salient.
The arrow might be madelarger and brighter. Another
green arrow might be addedto the overhead traffic light
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
14/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Where should be looking?
Design suggestion???
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
15/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Can you use all the function of your: Digital watch ?
Mobile phone ?
Microwave ?
Video recorder ? Washing machine ?
Calculator ?
Software/Application???
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
16/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Organizational Factors Training, job design, politics, rles, work
organization
Environmental Factors Noise, heating, lighting, ventilation
Health and Safety Factor Stress, headache, musculo-skeletal,disorder
The User Motivation, enjoyment, satisfaction, personality,
experience level
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
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Comfort Factors Seating, equipment, layout
User Interface Factors
Input device, output displays, dialogue structures,use of color, icons, commands, graphics, naturallanguage, 3D, user support materials, multimedia
Task Factor
Easy, complex, novel, task alloction, repetitive,monitoing, skills, components
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
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Constraints Cost, timescales, budgets, staff, equiment, skills,
components
System Functionality Hardware, software, application
Productivity Factor Increase output, increase quality, decrease cost,
decrease errors, decrease labour requirements,decrease production time, increase creative andinnovative idea leading to new products
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
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Cognitive
psychologyComputer
Science
ArtificialIntelligent
Linguistics
Social and
Organizational
psychologyErgonomics and
Human factors
Engineering
Design
Anthropology
Sociology
Philosophy
HCI
Reference : Jenny Preece, et al, 1994. Human Computer Interaction, Addison Wesley
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
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What is HCI design and how does it differfrom the software engineering waterfallmodel?
Who gets involved in design?
What is creative design?
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
21/27PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Computers are used by wide variety of differentkinds of people and not just technicalspecialists as in the past, so it is important todesign HCI that supports the needs, knowledgeand skills of the intended users
A user interface is those aspect of the systemthat the user comes in contact with (Moran,1981)
Usability is a key concept in HCI. It isconcerned with making system safe, easy tolearn and easy to use.
8/13/2019 HCI CHAPTER !
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HCI is concerned with understanding,designing, evaluating and implementinginteractive computing system for human use
The goals of HCI are to develop or improve the
safety, utility, effectiveness, efficiency, andusability of system for human use
The importance of HCI is demonstrated byevidence of increases productivity and improve
safety
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Organizational issues that need to be takeninto account include the way different peoplesactivities interrelate within an organization andhow technology impacts upon these activities
The introduction of, or change in a technicalsystem can influence peoples job content,working practices and job satisfaction,personnel policies, power and influence andalso physical aspects of the working
environment such as space.
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
HCI is concerned with designing computersystem to match the needs of people
HCI draw from the knowledge and methods ofmany different disciplines, chiefly computer
science, cognitive psychology, social scienceand ergonomics or human factors. Computer science provides knowledge about
technology and a wide assortment of softwaretools and methods for facilitating design anddevelopment
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
Cognitive psychology provides knowledgeabout the capabilities and limitations of user.Recent work on distributed cognition aims tomodel the way groups of user interact withthe artefacts that they use and each other in
their natural environment Social psychology helps to explain thestructure and the functions of organizationsthrough the use of technique likeenthnomethodology
Ergonomic and human factors knowledgeensure that the hardware and software isdesigned so that it does not damage userphysiologically
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PREPARED BY : NOR ATIQAH BINTI AHMAD, JTMK, PSP
HCI can be viewed as a model in whichpeople, activities (often concerned withwork), technology and the environment
(social, organization and physical) areclosed interrelated
HCI design should be user-centered,integrated knowledge from different
disciplines and be highly iterative.
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Dialogue the exchange of instructions andinformation that takes place between a userand a computer.
Ventilation exposure to air
Salient - significant