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8/2/2019 Hazards of E-Waste
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hazards-of-e-waste 2/31
Electronic waste or e-waste is any broken orunwanted electrical or electronic application.
E-waste includes computers, entertainmentelectronics, mobile phones and other items
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Understand the chemical and physical properties of E- waste elements and compounds
Comprehend the benefits and hazards e-wastecomponents
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Heavy metals – mostly considered hazardous
Trace elements – some precious metals
Other elements – some valuable
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Lead Cadmium
Mercury
Chromium
Plastics including PVCs
Brominated Fire Retardants
Barium
Beryllium Toners
Phosphor and Additives
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CRT glass Landfill leaching
Acute effects on humans, plants, animals
Banned in Gasoline, Paint…
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Batteries, boards, plastics
Absorbed through respiration
Toxic and carcinogenic
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Components, batteries
Contaminates water, fish
Brain damage
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Corrosion protection
Toxic leaching from landfills
Cannot incinerate
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CRT radiation protection
Affects animals
Human effects unknown
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Toners
Phosphors
Plastics
PVC Brominated Chemicals
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1.~14lbs/computer
2. billion lbs/yr3.PVC hazards
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Durable
Lightweight
Flexible
Cost-effective Corrosion-resistant
Excellent insulation properties
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Factors responsible:o Changes in regulatory classification:Change
over from 18 waste categories with annualthreshold limits to 36 processes and
corresponding waste streamsEmphasis on waste minimisation-zerodischarge(Tanneries,textiles)
o Fly-ash,gypsum sludge excluded
o Units closed/New Units
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An Indian perception
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TREATMENT, STORAGE & DISPOSAL FACILITIES
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STATE-WISE COMPARATIVE HW GENERATING UNITS AS
PER HWM RULES, 1989 & 2003
309
47
116133
183 163
57
271
889
575
423
753
257207
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800900
1000
C h a n d
i g a r h
H a r y a n a
H i m a c h a l
K e r a l a
M P
O r i s s a
J & K
STATE
N o .
o f H W
g e n e r a t i n g U n i t s
HW generating Units as per HWM RULES, 1989
HW generating Units as per HWM RULES, 2003
Comparative HW generating Units as
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501
1532
2984
6052
454
1589
3953
4571
700
14481100
2177
1036
1633
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
A P
G u j a r a t
K
a r n a t a k a
M a h
a r a s h t r a
P u n j a b
T N
U P
State
Comparative HW generating Units as
perHWM Rules, 1989 and 2003
No. of HW units as per HWM Rules, 1989
No. of HW units as per 2003
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166
4 117
103 92
155
84
9
30
146
82
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
A s s a m
D e l h i
K a r n a t a k a
K e r a l a
P o n d i c h e r r y
U P
Name of the State
Comparative HW genertion as per HWM
Rules, 1989 and 2003 in ' ooo Tonnes
HW generation as per Rules, 1989
HW generation as per Rules, 2003
HWs - Landfillable Recyclable
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650
410
147
230
264
126
626
628
154
56 109
0
200
400
600
800
1000
12001400
1600
G
u j a
r a t
A P
M a
h a r a s
h t r
O r i s s a
State
HWs - Landfillable, Recyclable,Incinerable as per HWM Rules, 2003
Landfillable Recyclable Incinerable
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Financial Viability of TSDFs
Viability to be ensured at reasonable user charges
Central / State Support
Waste Assurance ( Zonation & Enforcement)Maharashtra-zonationGujarat-left to market forces
User Charges- Charges fixed at tendering stage-Maharashtra- Fixation - Tripartite consultation – A.P
- Market forces to determine-Gujarat- Escalation in line with WPI
Scale of Operation and operating area- determineuser charges
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S.No. Total HW
generation in
‘000 TPA
No. of TSDF inoperation/underconstruction
No. of sites
notified
No. of sites
identified
1. AP 507 01 02 022. Assam 4 - - -
3. Chandigarh 8 - - -
4. Delhi 17 Nil Nil 03
6 Goa - Nil Nil Nil
7. Gujarat 1207 07 16 22
8. Haryana 15 - 01 01
9. Himachal - - 02
10. Karnataka 92 Nil 02 02
11. Kerala 84 Nil 01 01
12. Maharashtra 1407 02 02 06
13. MP - Nil Nil 03
14. Orissa 75 Nil 01 01
15. Pondicherry 30Nil
Nil Nil
16. Punjab 16 Nil 01 01
17. Rajasthan 184 Nil 01 08
18. Tamilnadu 182 Nil 01 03
19. Uttarpradesh 82 Nil 03 05
20. West Bengal 1
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Flexibility for Industries located on Inter State Border
Problem facing smaller States/UTs
Incinerable waste – Min. Scale of oration about 1.0 ton perhour
Practical Difficulties: Delhi, Chandigarh, Daman, Goa
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Recyclable Wastes for which State of Art Facilities areneeded
• Mercury Bearing wastes.
• Nickel Cadmium Batteries
• Spent Catalyst
E- Waste:
Guidance document under preparation covering i ) Informal sector ii ) leaded glass