Hazardous chemicals : safety management and global regulations

Hazardous

Chemicals

Safety Managementand Global

Regulations

T.S.S. Dikshith

CRC PressTaylor & Francis GroupBoca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Croup, an informa business

Contents

Foreword xxvii

Preface xxxi

Acknowledgements xxxix

Author xli

1. Introduction 1

Bibliography 2

2. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Characterisation 3

Introduction 3

Colours, Dyes and Pigments 4

Safe Handling and Precautions 6

Compressed Gas and Gases 6

Corrosive Chemical Substances 7

Combustible Materials 7

Explosive Chemical Substances 8

Irritant Chemical Substances 9

Oxidisers/Oxidising Agents/Materials 10

Pesticides 10

Appendix: Categories of Hazardous Chemical Substances 13

Bibliography 13

3. Hazardous Chemical Substances: A 17

Abamectin (CAS No. 71751-41-2) 18


Abate (CAS No. 3383-96-8) 18


Acacia Powder (CAS. No. 9000-01-5) 19


Acenaphthene (CAS No. 83-32-9) 20


1-Acenaphthenol (CAS No. 6306-07-6) 21


Acenaphthylene (CAS No. 208-96-8) 21


Acephate (CAS No. 30560-19-1) 22

Acetal (CAS No. 105-57-7) 22


Acetaldehyde (CAS No. 75-07-0) 22


Acetaldehyde Ammonia (CAS No. 75-39-8) 23


Acetamide (CAS No. 60-35-5) 24


vii

viii Contents

Acetamide Acid (Methomyl) (CAS No. 16752-77-5) 24


Acetic Acid (CAS No. 64-19-7) 25


Precautions 26

Acetic Anhydride (CAS No. 108-24-7) 26


Acetone Cyanohydrin (CAS No. 75-86-5) 28


Acetonitrile (CAS No. 75-05-8) 28


Acetophenone (CAS No. 98-86-2) 29


Acetophenone Oxime (CAS No. 613-91-2) 30


p-Acetotoluidide (4'-Methylacetanilide) (CAS No. 103-89-9) 31


Acetylacetone (CAS No. 123-54-6) 31


Acetyl Bromide (CAS No. 506-96-7) 32


Acetyl Chloride (CAS No. 75-36-5) 33


Acetylene (CAS No. 74-86-2) 34


Acetylene Dichloride (CAS No. 540-59-0) 35


2-Acetylfluorene (CAS No. 781-73-7) 35


2-Acetylfuran (CAS No. 1192-62-7) 36


Acetyl Iodide (CAS No. 507-02-8) 36


Acrylonitrile (CAS No. 107-13-1) 38


Adipamide (CAS No. 628-94-4) 38


Adipic Acid (CAS No. 124-04-9) 39


Bibliography 40

4. Hazardous Chemical Substances: B 45

Barium (CAS No. 7440-39-3) 46


Barium Compounds 47

Barium Chloride, Anhydrous (CAS No. 10361-37-2) 49


Warning! Precautions!! 50

Contents ix

Barium Dichloride Dihydrate (CAS No. 10326-27-9) 50


Special Precautions: Warning 51

Barium Fluoride (CAS No. 7787-32-8) 51


Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate (CAS No. 12230-71-6) 52

Barium Nitrate (as Ba) (CAS No. 10022-31-8) 53


Barium Sulphate (CAS No. 7727-43-7) 54


Bendiocarb (CAS No. 22781-23-3) 55


Benfuracarb (CAS No. 82560-54-1) 57


Benomyl (CAS No. 17804-35-2) 58


Benzaldehyde (CAS No. 100-52-7) 58


Benzamide (CAS No. 55-21-0) 60


1.2-Benzanthracene (CAS No. 56-55-3) 60


Benzene (CAS No. 71-43-2) 61


Benzidine (CAS No. 92-87-5) 62


Dangers and Precautions 63

Benzotrichloride (CAS No. 98-07-7) 63


2.3-Benzofuran (CAS No. 271-89-6) 64


Benzyl Acetate (CAS No. 140-11-4) 65


Benzyltrimethylammonium Dichloroiodate (CAS No. 114971-52-7) 66


Beryllium (CAS No. 7440-41-7) 67


Beryllium Chloride (CAS No. 7787-47-5) 68


Special Precautions 69

Bifenthrin (CAS No. 82657-04-3) 70


1,1-Biphenyl 71


Danger and Precautions 72

Bis(chloromethyl) Ether (CAS No. 542-88-1) 72


Bismuth (CAS No. 7440-69-9) 73


X Contents

Boron (CAS No. 7440-42-8) 74


Boron Compounds 75

Boric Acid (CAS No. 10043-35-3) 75

Boron Tribromide (CAS No. 10294-33-4) 75


Boron Carbide (CAS No. 12069-32-8) 76

Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate/Borax (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 1330-43-4) 76

and exposure 77


Precautions 77

Alert: Warning! Precautions: Exposure to sodium tetraborate decahydrateis harmful. Whenever accidentally swallowed, inhaled or absorbed

through skin at workplaces it causes irritation to skin, eyes and

respiratory tract 77

Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate/Borax (Decahydrate) (CAS No. 1303-96-4) 77

Sodium Tetraborate Pentahydrate (CAS No. 12179-04-3) 78

Boron Nitride (CAS No. 10043-11-5) 78

Borazole/Borazine (CAS No. 6569-51-3) 78

Boron Trichloride (CAS No. 10294-34-5) 78


Alert! Warning!! 79

Boron Trifluoride (CAS No. 7637-07-2) 79

Boron Trifluoride Diethyl Ether Complex (CAS No. 109-63-7) 79


1,3-Butadiene (CAS No. 106-99-0) 80


Butane (CAS No. 106-97-8) 81


Warning! Danger!! 82

1,3-Butanediol (CAS No. 107-88-0) 82

Butanesultone (CAS No. 1633-83-6) 83


Butanethiol (CAS No. 109-79-5) 83


2-Butanone (CAS No. 78-93-3) 84


1-Butene (CAS No. 106-98-9) 84


2-Butoxyethanol (CAS No. 111-76-2) 86


Butyl Acetates 87

Isobutyl Acetate (CAS No. 110-19-0) 87

M-Butyl Acetate (CAS No. 123-86-4) 88

sec-Butyl Acetate (CAS No. 105-46-4) 88


rert-Butyl Acetate (CAS No. 540-88-5) 88


Contents xi

n-Butyl Alcohol (CAS No. 71-36-3) 89


M-Butylamine (CAS No. 109-73-9) 90


Bibliography 91

5. Hazardous Chemical Substances: C 97

Cadmium and Its Compounds 98

Cadmium (CAS No. 7440-43-9) 98


Cadmium Acetate (CAS No. 543-90-8) 99


Cadmium Arsenide (CAS No. 12006-15-4) 100


Cadmium Chloride (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 10108-64-2) 100


Cadmium Fume (Cd) (CAS No. 1306-19-0) 101

Cadmium Iodide (CAS No. 10102-68-8) 101

Cadmium Oxide (CAS No. 1306-19-0) 101


Cadmium Sulphate (CAS No. 10124-36-4) 102


Captafol (CAS No. 2425-06-1) 102

Safe Handling and Safety 103


Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act 104

Carbaryl (CAS No. 63-25-21) 104


Carbofuran (CAS No. 1563-66-2) 105


Carbofuran and Bird Mortalities 106

Precautions 107

Carbon Disulphide (CAS No. 75-15-0) 107


Carbon Monoxide (CAS No. 630-08-0) 108


Carbophenothion (CAS No. 786-19-6) 109


Cefadroxil (CAS No. 50370-12-2) 110


Cefixime (CAS No. 79350-37-1) 110


Chloramine-t (CAS No. 127-65-1) 110

Chloramine T (CAS No. 7080-50-4) Ill

Safe Handling and Precautions Ill

Alert!! Warning!! DANGER!! Ill

Chlordane (CAS No. 57-74-9) Ill


xii Contents

Chlorine (CAS No. 7782-50-5) 112


Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 113


/>-Chloronitrobenzene (CAS No. 100-00-5) 114


Chlorpyrifos (CAS No. 2921-88-2) 114


Chlorpyrifos-Methyl (CAS No. 5598-13-0) 115


Cobalt and Its Compounds 116

Cobalt Metal, Dust, and Fume (as Co) (CAS No. 7440-48-4) 116


Cobalt Iodide (CAS No. 15238-00-3) 117

Cobalt Sulphate (CAS No. 10026-24-1) 117


Copper and Its Compounds 118

Copper (CAS No. 7440-50-8) 118


Copper (Dust, Fume, and Mist, as Cu) (CAS No. 7440-50-8) 118


Copper Fume (as Cu) (CAS No. 1317-38-0) 119

Copper Sulphate (CAS No. 7758-98-7) 119


Coumaphos (CAS No. 56-72-4) 120


Cyanide (CAS No. 57-12-5) 121


Cyanide Compounds 123

Calcium Cyanide (CAS No. 592-01-8) 123


Cyanogen Bromide (CAS No. 506-68-3) 124

Cyanogen Chloride (CAS No. 506-77-4) 125

Hydrogen Cyanide (CAS No. 74-90-8) 125

Safe Handling and Precautions 125Additional Steps of Precautions 126

Potassium Cyanide (CAS No. 151-50-8) 127

Potassium Silver Cyanide (CAS No. 506-61-6) 127Safe Handling and Precautions 127

Sodium Cyanide (CAS No. 143-33-9) 127


Cyclohexane (CAS No. 110-82-7) 129

Bibliography 129

6. Hazardous Chemical Substances: D 135

DDT (CAS No. 50-29-3) 135Safe Handling and Precautions 136

DDT and Malaria Control 137

Contents xiii

Demeton-S-Methyl (CAS No. 919-86-8) 138


Diazinon (CAS No. 333-41-5) 139


Dichlorvos (CAS No. 62-73-7) 139


Dicofol (CAS No. 115-32-2) 141


Diethylamine (CAS No. 109-89-7) 142


Diethyl Phthalate (CAS No. 84-66-2) 143


Dimethoate (CAS No. 60-51-5) 144


Dimethyl Adipate (CAS No. 627-93-0) 145


Dimethylamine (CAS No. 124-40-3) 146


1,4-Dioxane (CAS No. 123-91-1) 147


Diphenylamine (CAS No. 122-39-4) 148


Disulphoton (CAS No. 298-04-4) 149


Diuron (CAS No. 330-54-1) 149


Divinyl Benzene (CAS No. 1321-74-0) 150


Bibliography 151

7. Hazardous Chemical Substances: E 157

Endosulfan (CAS No. 115-29-7) 157


Endosulfan and Human Poisonings 158

Endrin (CAS No. 72-20-8) 159


S-Ethyl Dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) (CAS No. 759-94-4) 160


Ethanol (CAS No. 64-17-5) 161


Ethyl Alcohol Completely Denatured (CAS No. Not Applicable to Mixtures) 162

Ethion (CAS No. 563-12-2) 163


Ethylbenzol (CAS No. 100-41-4) 164


Ethyl Carbamate (CAS No. 51-79-6) 165


Ethylene Chlorohydrine (CAS No. 107-07-3) 166


xiv Contents

Ethylenediamine (CAS No. 107-15-3) 167


Ethylene Dibromide (Dibromoethane) (CAS No. 106-93-4) 168


Ethylene Dichloride (CAS No. 107-06-2) 170


Ethyleneimine (CAS No. 151-56-4) 171


Ethylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-21-8) 172


Ethyl Silicate (CAS No. 78-10-4) 174


Management of Ethyl Silicate: Display Precautions 175

Bibliography 175

8. Hazardous Chemical Substances: F 181

Famotidine (CAS No. 76824-35-6) 181


Fenamiphos (CAS No. 22224-92-6) 182


Fenitrothion (CAS No. 122-14-5) 183


Fenoxycarb (CAS No. 79127-80-3) 184


Fensulphothion (CAS No. 115-90-2) 185


Fenthion (CAS No. 55-38-9) 186


Fenvalerate (CAS No. 51630-58-1) 186


Ferbam (CAS No. 14484-64-1) 187


Ferrocene (CAS No. 102-54-5) 188


Fipronil (CAS No. 120068-37-3) 189


Flocoumafen (CAS No. 90035-08-9) 190

Safe Handling and Precautions 190Fluorine (CAS No. 7782-41-4) 191


Alert! Fluorine and Dangers 192

Fluoroacetamide (CAS No. 640-19-7) 192Safe Handling and Precautions 193

Fluorobenzene (CAS No. 462-06-6) 193

Safe Handling and Precautions 194Fluoboric Acid (CAS No. 16872-11-0) 194


Contents xv

Fluorosulphuric Acid (CAS No. 7789-21-1) 195


Fluvalinate (CAS No. 102851-06-9) 196


Folpet (CAS No. 133-07-3) 197


Fonophos (CAS No. 944-22-9) 198


Formaldehyde (CAS No. 50-0-0) 198


Appendix 200

Precautions: Management of Formaldehyde and Simple Safety Precautions 200

Formamide (CAS No. 75-12-7) 201


Formic Acid (CAS No. 64-18-6) 201


Formonitrile (CAS No. 74-90-8) 202

Furan (CAS No. 110-00-9) 203


Furfural (CAS No. 98-01-1) 203


Bibliography 204

9. Hazardous Chemical Substances: G 209

Gadolinium (CAS No. 7440-54-2) 209


Gadolinium Fluoride (CAS No. 13765-26-9) 210

Gallium (III) Nitrate (CAS No. 69365-72-6) 211

Glass Wool Fibres (Inhalable) 211

Uses of Glass Wool 211


Fibre Properties Related to Carcinogenicity 212

Glycol Ethers 213

2-Methoxyethanol (CAS No. 109-86-4) 213

1-Methoxy-2-Propanol (CAS No. 107-98-2) 213


2-Methoxy-l-Propanol (CAS No. 1589-47-5) 213


2-Butoxyethanol (CAS No. 111-76-2) 214


2-Ethoxyethanol (CAS No. 110-80-5) 215


Appendix 215

Safety Management of Ethylene Glycol Butyl Ether 215

Guthion (CAS No. 86-50-0) 216


Bibliography 217

xvj Contents

10. Hazardous Chemical Substances: H 219

Hafnium Oxide (CAS No. 12055-23-1) 219


Heptachlor (CAS No. 76-44-8) 220


Heptachlor Epoxide (CAS No. 1024-57-3) 221

Hexachlorobenzene (CAS No. 118-74-1) 222

Hexachlorobutadiene (CAS No. 87-68-3) 222


Hexachlorocyclopentadiene (CAS No. 77-47-4) 223


Hydrogen Iodide Anhydrous (CAS No. 10034-85-2) 224


Hydrazine (CAS No. 302-01-2) 225


Hydrocyanic Acid (CAS No. 74-90-8) 226


Bibliography 227

11. Hazardous Chemical Substances: 1 229

Iodine (CAS No. 7553-56-2) 229


Iodine Cyanide (Cyanogen Iodide) (CAS No. 506-78-5) 231


Iodoethane (CAS No. 75-03-6) 231


Iodoform (CAS No. 75-47-8) 232


Alert! Warning! 232

Danger/Precautions 233

Iodomethane (CAS No. 74-88-4) 233


Bibliography 233

12. Hazardous Chemical Substances: J and K 235

Janus Green B (CAS No. 2869-83-2) 235Safe Handling and Precautions 235

Jemmer Stain (CAS No. 62851-42-7) 235Safe Handling and Precautions 235

Jet Fuel 236

Handling and Precautions 236Jet Fuel 8 (CAS No. 8008-20-6) 236

Jojoba Oil (CAS No. 61789-91-1) 236

Kepone (CAS No. 143-50-0) 237


Bibliography 237

Contents xvii

13. Hazardous Chemical Substances: L 239

Lead (CAS No. 7439-92-1) 239


Lead and Global Regulations 242

Lead and Renal Disorders 243

Lead Acetate (CAS No. 301-04-2) 244


Lead Acetate Trihydrate (CAS No. 6080-56-4) 245


Lead Arsenate (CAS No. 7784-40-9) 246


Lead Chloride (CAS No. 7758-95-4) 247


Lead Fluoride (CAS No. 7783-46-2) 247


Lead Iodide (CAS No. 10101-63-0) 248


Lead Nitrate (CAS No. 10099-74-8) 249


Lead (II) Phosphate (CAS No. 7446-27-7) 250

Lead Stearate (CAS No. 7428-48-0) 250


Lead Styphnate (CAS No. 15245-44-0) 250


Tetraethyl Lead (CAS No. 78-00-2) 251


Tetramethyl Lead (CAS No. 75-74-1) 252


Bibliography 253

14. Hazardous Chemical Substances: M 255

Magnesium Phosphide (CAS No. 12057-74-8) 255


Precautions and Storage of Magnesium Phosphide 257

Malathion (CAS No. 121-75-5) 257


Mercury and Its Compounds 258

Mercury (CAS No. 7439-97-6) 259


Mercuric Acetate (CAS No. 1600-27-7) 260


Mercuric Chloride (CAS No. 7487-94-7) 260


Mercuric (II) Cyanide (CAS No. 592-04-1) 261


Mercuric Nitrate (CAS No. 7783-34-8) 262


xviiiContents

Mercuric Oxide (CAS No. 21908-53-2) 262


Mercuric Sulphate (CAS No. 7783-35-9) 263


Mercuric Thiocyanate (CAS No. 592-85-8) 264


Mercurous Chloride (CAS No. 0112-91-1) 265


Mercurous Nitrate (CAS No. 10415-75-5) 266


Aggravation of Pre-Existing Conditions 266

Methane (CAS No. 74-82-8) 266


Methamidophos (CAS No. 10265-92-6) 268


Methidathion (CAS No. 950-37-8) 269


Methoxychlor (CAS No. 72-43-5) 270


Methoxychlor and Cancer 270

Methyl Alcohol (CAS No. 67-56-1) 271


Methylamine (CAS No. 74-89-5) 271


Methyl Bromide (CAS No. 74-83-9) 272


Methylene Chloride (CAS No. 75-09-2) 273


Methyl Ethyl Ketone (CAS No. 78-93-3) 274


Methyl Parathion (CAS No. 298-00-0) 274


Methyl Vinyl Ketone (CAS No. 78-94-4) 275


Mevinphos (CAS No. 7786-34-7) 276


Mirex (CAS No. 2385-85-5) and Chlordecone (CAS No. 143-50-5) 277


Molybdenum (CAS No. 7439-98-7) 278


Mustard Gas (CAS No. 505-60-2) 279

Chemical Class: Alkylating Agent 279


Mustard Gas and Global Wars 280

Bibliography 281

15. Hazardous Chemical Substances: N 285

Naphthalene (CAS No. 91-20-3) "Z""ZZ" .'285Safe Handling and Precautions 286

Contents xix

Nickel, Nickel Compounds, and Precautions 286Nickel (Ni) (Metallic) (CAS No. 7440-02-0) 287


Nickel Carbonyl (CAS No. 13463-39-3) 288

Safe Handling and Precautions 288Nickel (II) Nitrate Hexahydrate (CAS No. 13478-00-7) 289


Nickel Sulphate (CAS No. 7786-81-4) 290

Safe Handling and Precautions 290Nickel (II) Sulphate Hexahydrate (CAS No. 10101-97-0) 290

Nitrogen Mustards: Blister Agents HN-1 (CAS No. HN-1 538-07-8); HN-2

(CAS No. HN-2 51-75-2); HN-3 (CAS No. HN-3 555-77-1) 291


Nitroglycerin (CAS No. 55-63-0) 292


Precautions: Dangers 293

2-Nitropropane (CAS No. 000 79-46-9) 293


Care and Precautions 294

Exposure Limits 294

o-Nitrotoluene (CAS No. 88-72-2) 294


Bibliography 294

16. Hazardous Chemical Substances: O 297

Octabenzone (CAS No. 1843-05-6) 297


Protection against Fire and Explosion 298

Osmium Tetroxide (CAS No. 20816-12-0) 298

(CAS No. 2497-07-6) 299


Signs and Symptoms of Oxydisulphoton Exposure 299

Emergency Life Support Procedures 299

Bibliography 300

17. Hazardous Chemical Substances: P 301Palladium Chloride (CAS No. 7647-10-1) 302


Paraffin (CAS No. 8002-74-2) 303Safe Handling and Precautions 303

Paraquat Dichloride (CAS No. 1910-42-5) 303


Parathion (Parathion Ethyl) (CAS No. 56-38-2) 305Safe Handling and Precautions 305

Pentaboron Nonahydride (CAS No. 19624-22-7) 306


2,2',4,4',5-PentabromodiphenylEther (CAS No. 32534-81-9) 307


xxContents

Pentachloroethane (CAS No. 76-01-7) 308


Pentachlorophenol (CAS No. 87-86-5) 308


n-Pentane (CAS No. 109-66-0) 309


Pentanol (CAS No. 71-41-0) 310

Petroleum Ether (CAS No. 8032-32-4) 311

Precautions - Danger! 311

Perchloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4) 311


Phenol (CAS No. 108-95-2) 313


Compounds of Phenol 313

Phenosulphonic Acid (CAS No. 1333-39-7) 314


Phorate (CAS No. 298-02-2) 315


Phosacetim (CAS No. 4104-14-7) 315


Phosdrin (CAS No. 7786-34-7) 316


Phosfolan (CAS No. 947-02-4) 317


Danger and Precautions 317

Phosgene (CAS No. 75-44-5) 318


Phosgene Oxime (CAS No. 1794-86-1) 318


Phosmet (CAS No. 732-11-6) 319


Phosphamidon 320

Mixture of E and Z Isomers (CAS No. 13171-21-6) 320

trans-Isomer/E (CAS No. 297-99-4) 320

cis-Isomer/Z (CAS No. 23783-98-4) 320


Phosphine (Hydrogen Phosphide) (CAS No. 7803-51-2) 322


Phosphoric Acid (CAS No. 7664-38-2) 323


Phosphorus: White Phosphorus (CAS No. 7723-14-0) 323Safe Handling and Precautions 324

Phosphorus Pentachloride (CAS No. 10026-13-8) 324


Phosphorus Pentoxide (CAS No. 1314-56-3) 325Safe Handling and Precautions 325

Phosphorus Pentasulphide (CAS No. 1314-80-3) 326Safe Handling and Precautions 327

Contents xxi

Phthalic Anhydride (CAS No. 85-44-9) 327


Picloram (CAS No. 1918-02-1) 328


Picric Acid (CAS No. 88-89-1) 329


Picrotoxin (CAS No. 124-87-8) 331


Pirimiphos Methyl (CAS No. 2 9232-93-7) 331


Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) 332


Polybrominated Biphenyls 333


Polychlorinated Biphenyls (CAS No. 1336-36-3) 334

Aroclor 1232 (CAS No. 11141-16-5); Aroclor 1242 (CAS No. 53469-21-9) 334



Aroclor 1268 (CAS No. 11100-14-4) 334


Polycyclic Aromatics Hydrocarbons 336


Propane (CAS No. 74-98-6) 338

Propetamphos (CAS No. 31218-83-4) 339


Propoxur (CAS No. 114-26-1) 339


Propylene Imine (CAS No. 75-55-8) 341


Propylene Oxide (CAS No. 75-56-9) 342


Pyrethrins and Pyrethroids (CAS No. 8003-34-7) 343

Pyrethrum (CAS No. 8003-34-7) 343


Bibliography 344

18. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Q 353

Quinalphos (CAS No. 82-68-8) 353


Quinone (p-Benzoquinone) (CAS No. 106-51-4) 354


Quinoline (CAS No. 91-22-5) 354


Quintozene (CAS No. 82-68-8) 356


Bibliography 358

xxii Contents

19. Hazardous Chemical Substances: R 359

Reserpine (CAS No. 50-55-5) 359


Resorcinol (CAS No. 108-46-3) 360


Rhodium Chloride, Trihydrate (CAS No. 13569-65-8) 361


Rhodium Sulphate (CAS No. 10489-46-0) 362


Alert! Precautions 362

Safe Handling 363

Bibliography 363

20. Hazardous Chemical Substances: S 365

Samarium (CAS No. 7440-19-9) 365


Samarium Compounds 366

Samarium (III) Fluoride (CAS No. 13765-24-7) 367

Samarium (III) Nitrate Hexahydrate (CAS No. 13759-83-6) 367


Samarium Oxide (CAS No. 12060-58-1) 367

Sarin (CAS No. 107-44-8) 368


Selenium (CAS No. 7782-49-2) and Its Compounds 369


Selenious Acid (CAS No. 7783-00-8) 370


Selenium Chloride (CAS No. 10026-03-6) 371


Selenium (IV) Oxide (CAS No. 7446-08-4) 371


Selenium Sulphide (CAS No. 7446-34-6) 372Safe Handling and Precautions 372

Styrene (CAS No. 100-42-5) 373


Sulphur Dioxide (CAS No. 7446-09-5) 374

Uses and Exposures 374


Sulphur Dioxide and Cancer 375

Bibliography 375

21. Hazardous Chemical Substances: T 377

Terbufos (CAS No. 13071-79-9) 377


Tetrachloroethylene (CAS No. 127-18-4) 378


Tetrahydrofuran (CAS No. 109-99-9) 379Safe Handling and Precautions 379

Contents xxiii

Thallium (Soluble Compounds) (CAS No. 7440-28-0) 380


Thallium Bromide (CAS No. 7789-40-4) 382

Thallium Iodide (CAS No. 7790-30-9) 382


Thallium Nitrate (CAS No. 10102-45-1) 382

Thallium Oxide (CAS No. 1314-32-5) 382


Thiodicarb (CAS No. 59669-2600) 383


Thiourea (CAS No. 62-56-6) 384


Thiram (CAS No. 137-26-8) 384


Thorium (CAS No. 7440-29-1) 385


Thorium Nitrate Anhydrous (CAS No. 13823-29-5) 387


Tin and Its Compounds 388


Tin (IV) Chloride (CAS No. 7646-78-8) 389


Tin Organic Compounds as Sn 390

Tin Oxide (CAS No. 21651-19-4) 391


Toluene (Technical) (CAS No. 108-88-3) 391


Tributyl Phosphate (CAS No. 126-73-8) 392


Tributyltin Oxide (CAS No. 56-35-9) 393


Trichloroethylene (Technical) (CAS No. 79-01-6) 395


1,2,3-Trichloropropane (CAS No. 96-18-4) 396


Triethanolamine (CAS No. 102-71-6) 396


Triforine (CAS No. 26644-46-2) 397


Trinitrotoluene (CAS No. 118-96-7) 398


Triphenyl Phosphate (CAS No. 115-86-6) 399


Trisodium Phosphate (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 7601-54-9) 399


Trisodium Phosphate (Anhydrous) (CAS No. 7601-54-9) 400


Bibliography 401

xxiv Contents

22. Hazardous Chemical Substances: U 405

Uracil Mustard (CAS No. 66-75-1) 405


Uranium (CAS No. 7440-61-1) 406


Urethane (Ethyl Carbamate) (CAS No. 51-79-6) 407

Bibliography 407

23. Hazardous Chemical Substances: V 409

Vanadium Pentoxide (CAS No. 1314-62-1) 409


Vinyl Acetate Monomer (CAS No. 108-05-4) 410


Vinyl Chloride (CAS No. 75-01-4) 411


Bibliography 412

24. Hazardous Chemical Substances: W 413

Warfarin (CAS No. 81-81-2) 413


Welding Fumes (NOC: Not Otherwise Classified) 414


Wood Dust (Certain Hardwoods as Beech and Oak) 416

Safe Handling Precautions 416

Bibliography 417

25. Hazardous Chemical Substances: X 419

Xylene (CAS No. 1330-20-7) 419


Bibliography 420

26. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Y 421

Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (CAS No. 107539-20-8) 421

Ytterbium (III) Chloride Hexahydrate (CAS No. 10035-01-5) 421

Yttrium Fluoride (CAS No. 13709-49-4) 422

Ytterbium (III) Oxide (CAS No. 1314-37-0) 422

27. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Z 423

Zinc (CAS No. 7440-66-6) 423


Zinc Compounds 424

Zinc Chloride Anhydrous (CAS No. 7646-85-7) 424


Zinc Oxide (CAS No. 1314-13-2) 425


Zinc Phosphide (CAS No. 1314-84-7) 426


Contents xxv

Zineb (CAS No. 12122-67-7) 427


Ziram (CAS No. 137-30-4) 428


Bibliography 429

28. Hazardous Chemical Substances and Ocular Disorders (Injuries to Eyes):Perspectives and Scenarios 431

Praveen Murthy and T.S.S. Dikshith

Introduction 431

Types of Eye Injuries 433

Hazardous Chemicals 434

Alkaline Compounds 434

Asbestos 434

Hazardous Chemicals and Eye Burn 435

Causes of Eye Pain Include Ocular Pain and Orbital Pain 435

Chemical Burns 435

Corneal Abrasion 435

Chemical Substances and Eye Protection 437

Acids 437

Standard Operating Procedures 437

Different Kinds of Eye Protection Equipment 439

Bibliography 444

29. Hazardous Chemical Substances: Global Regulations 445

Introduction 445

Chemical Substances, Global Regulatory Systems, and Regulations 445

Global Regulatory Agencies 446

Global Chemical Production 446

Argentina 446

Brazil 447

Canada 447

Chile 448

Mexico 448

United States 449

Asian Countries 450

China 450

India 450

Republic of Korea 451

Singapore 451

Taiwan 451

Sri Lanka 452

Thailand 452

Europe 452

Belgium 453

Germany 454

The Netherlands 454

The United Kingdom 454

xxvi Contents

Process Safety Management System 455

Workplace Monitoring and Follow-Up Actions 459

Bibliography 460

30. Hazardous Chemical Substances and Safety Management System 461

Introduction 461

Workplace Safety 462

Safety Management Systems: Workplace Inspections and Monitoring 463

Purpose 463

Chemical Inventory 464

Workplace Exposures to Hazardous Chemical Substances 464

Workplace Inspection Principles 465

What Should the Final Inspection/Auditor's Report Have in It? 466

Follow-Up Steps of Workplace Regular Inspections: Monitoring 466

Inspection Information Requirements 467

Hazardous Chemical Substances: Handling and Precautions 467

Safety Precautions 467

Glossary 471

Index 617

Documents

Hazardous chemicals : safety management and global regulations