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Hazard Warning
Symbols
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Flammable
Explosive
Corrosive
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Poisonous
Irritant
Radioactive
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Laboratory
Apparatus
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Process Skillin Science
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Steps in
ScientificInvestigation
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Mengenalpasti masalah
Identifying the problem
Mencadangkan hipotesisSuggesting hypothesis
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Mengenalpasti pembolehubah
Identifying the variables
Menjalankan eksperimenCarrying out an experiment
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Mengumpul data/pemerhatianCollecting data/observations
Menganalisa dan mentafsirkan dataAnalysing and interpreting data
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Menghasilkan kesimpulan
Forming a conclusion
Kesimpulan yang menyokong hipotesis teori sains akandihasilkan Sekiranya kesimpulan tidak menyokong
hipotesis, maka eksperimen terpaksa diulang semula denganmencadangkan hipotesis yang baru
Conclusion supported by the hypothesis, scientific theory
will be formed But, if the conclusion dosentsupports thehypothesis, the scientists need to repeat the experiment
by forming new hypothesis.
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Faktor yang sentiasa kekalsepanjang eksperimenFactors which kept the samethroughout the experiment
Types of Variables
Pemboleh ubah dimalarkanConstant Variables
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Faktor yang sengaja diubahuntuk eksperimenFactors which purposelychanged for the experiment
Pemboleh ubah dimanipulasikanManipulated Variables
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Faktor yang berubah,bergantung kepadapembolehubah menipulasi.Factors that will change,
depending on the manipulatedvariables.
Pemboleh ubah bergerak balasRespondingVariables
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Physical Quantities &
Their units
Kuantiti Fizikal &Unitnya
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Physical quantities are quantities thatcan be measured.
We often measure quantities likelength, mass, time, temperature, andelectric current when carrying out
scientific investigation.
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Kuantiti fizikal bermaksud kuantiti yangboleh diukur.
Kita selalu mengukur kuntiti fizikalseperti panjang,jisim,masa, suhu dan
arus elektrik.
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Physical quantities is measured in SIunits.
SI referred to French term LeSysteme International dUnites.
SI means International System ofUnits.
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Kuantiti fizikal diukur menggunakanunit SI
SI unit merujuk kepada perkatanPerancis iaitu Le Systeme
International dUnites
SI unit bermaksud Sistem UnitInternasional.
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QuantityKuantiti
UnitUnit
Symbol of UnitSimbol untuk unit
LengthPanjang
metre m
MassJisim kilogram kg
TimeMasa
second s
TemperatureSuhu
kelvin K
Electric CurrentArus Elektrik
ampere A
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Using Prefixes in
MeasurementPenggunaan Imbuhan Awal
dalam Pengukuran
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We usually use prefixes when the quantitieswe measure have very big values or verysmall values. The use of prefixes makes
easier for us to write data
Kita biasanya menggunakan prefix apabila nilaikuntiti yang diukur adalahterlalu besaratauterlalu kecil. Penggunaan prefix memudahkan
kita untuk menulis data.
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PrefixPrefix
SymbolSimbol
Value of PrefixNilai Prefix
kilo- k 1000centi- c 1/100milli- m 1/1000
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Mass&
WeightJisim
&Berat
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MASS / JISIM WEIGHT / BERAT
Quantity of mattercontained in an object
Kuantiti jirim yang terdapatdalam sesuatu objek.
DEFINITION
DEFINISI
The Earths gravitational pullon object
Daya tarikan Gravititerhadap sesuatu objek
Kilogram (kg) SI UNIT
UNIT SI
Newton (N)
Lever balance, triple beambalance or electronic balance
Neraca Tuas, Neraca TigaPalang, Neraca Elektronik
TOOL OFMEASUREMENT
ALAT UNTUK
MENGUKUR
Spring balance
Neraca Spring
Mass of an object does notchange
Jisim sesuatu objek tidakberubah
CHARACTERISTICS
CIRI-CIRI
Weight of an object changesfrom place to place
Jisim sesuatu objek berubahdari satu tempat ke satu
tempat lain.
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Measuring Tools
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CONDITION TOOLS
Length of short straight line
Length of long straight line
Length of curved line
External diameter
Internal diameter
Area of regular shape
Area of irregular shape
Measuring volume of liquid
Measuring of irregular object andregular shape