Haying Machinery Basics - Purdue Universitydbuckmas/outreach/Haying... · 2009. 3. 4. · 1 Haying Machinery Basics Dennis Buckmaster Assoc. Prof. of Agricultural Engineering Purdue

1

Haying Machinery BasicsHaying Machinery Basics

Dennis BuckmasterDennis Buckmaster

Assoc. Prof. of Agricultural EngineeringAssoc. Prof. of Agricultural Engineering

Purdue UniversityPurdue University

Forage Systems OperationsStack

for storage

Wrap for storage

Pack into bag

Blow into silo

Pack into

bunker

Packaged transport

Bulk transport

Chop / roll process

Bale

Invert

Ted

Rake

Mow / condition

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

�� Machinery managementMachinery management�� Capacity equationsCapacity equations

�� Typical systems & costsTypical systems & costs

�� Custom ratesCustom rates

�� Hay Harvest LossesHay Harvest Losses

�� Machine features & tractor matchingMachine features & tractor matching�� MowerMower--conditionersconditioners

�� RakesRakes

�� BalersBalers

�� Transport & Storage systemsTransport & Storage systems

�� Harvest Operations TimingHarvest Operations Timing

�� Safety ConsiderationsSafety Considerations

Machine CapacityMachine Capacity

�� Potential Limits to Machine CapacityPotential Limits to Machine Capacity

�� PowerPower

�� ThroughputThroughput

�� SpeedSpeed

�� Traction (hopefully not a factor with Traction (hopefully not a factor with haymaking equipment)haymaking equipment)

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Machine CapacityMachine CapacityMowerMower--ConditionerConditioner


�� Power (particularly with disc cutting)Power (particularly with disc cutting)

�� Throughput (perhaps of conditioner)Throughput (perhaps of conditioner)

�� Speed (particularly with sickle cutting)Speed (particularly with sickle cutting)

Machine CapacityMachine CapacityRakes & InvertersRakes & Inverters


�� Power (not likely)Power (not likely)

�� Throughput (perhaps)Throughput (perhaps)

�� Speed (likely excessive loss at high speeds)Speed (likely excessive loss at high speeds)

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Machine CapacityMachine CapacityBalersBalers


�� Power (possibly)Power (possibly)

�� ThroughputThroughput

�� Speed (exceed suitable speed for the pickup)Speed (exceed suitable speed for the pickup)

Required CapacityRequired Capacity

AAacacCCac/h ac/h = = ----------------------------------------------------

BBdaysdays GGh/dayh/day PWDPWDdecimaldecimal

Example:Example:

Mow 150 acres in 14 calendar days if 3 of 10 days Mow 150 acres in 14 calendar days if 3 of 10 days suitable for working (pwd=.3). 8 h/d available suitable for working (pwd=.3). 8 h/d available for mowing.for mowing.

C = 150/[(14)(8)(0.3)] = 4.5 ac/hC = 150/[(14)(8)(0.3)] = 4.5 ac/h

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A good dinner or lunchA good dinner or lunch--time debate time debate topictopic

�� What is the pwd for What is the pwd for hay mowinghay mowing in our in our area in late May?area in late May?

�� What is the pwd for What is the pwd for hay rakinghay raking in our area in our area in late May?in late May?

�� What is the pwd for What is the pwd for hay balinghay baling in our area in our area in late May?in late May?

PWD FactorsPWD Factors

�� Operation to be performedOperation to be performed

�� Geographic/Climatic locationGeographic/Climatic location

�� Time of yearTime of year

�� Soil conditions (slope, type, drainage)Soil conditions (slope, type, drainage)

�� Probability level (e.g., 50%, 90% of years)Probability level (e.g., 50%, 90% of years)

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Machine CapacityMachine Capacity

SSmphmph WWftft EEffCCac/hac/h = = ----------------------------

8.258.25

Example: 9’ Sickle mowerExample: 9’ Sickle mower--conditioner at 5.0 mph. conditioner at 5.0 mph. Typical field efficiency is 80%Typical field efficiency is 80%

C = (5.0)(9)(0.8)/8.25C = (5.0)(9)(0.8)/8.25

C = 4.4 ac/hC = 4.4 ac/h

Simple Capacity ToolSimple Capacity Tool

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Typical Speeds & Field EfficienciesTypical Speeds & Field Efficiencies

OperationOperation Typical Speed Typical Speed (mph)(mph)

Typical Field Typical Field Efficiency (%)Efficiency (%)

Sickle MowerSickle Mower--ConditionerConditioner 5.05.0 8080

Disc MowerDisc Mower--ConditionerConditioner 8.58.5 8080

RakeRake 6.06.0 8080

Small Rectangular BalerSmall Rectangular Baler 4.04.0 7575

Large Round BalerLarge Round Baler 5.55.5 6565

Large Rectangular BalerLarge Rectangular Baler 6.06.0 8080

Accounts for: turning, breaks, overlap,

anything keeping you from 100% of machine

utilization.

Round Baler Round Baler TwineTwine vs. Netvs. NetStep by Step analysisStep by Step analysis

�� Maximum throughput of Maximum throughput of 3030 tons/hourtons/hour

�� 90% maximum field efficiency (turns & breaks)90% maximum field efficiency (turns & breaks)

�� Effective maximum throughput of 27 tons/h (54,000 Effective maximum throughput of 27 tons/h (54,000 lb/h)lb/h)

�� Bale weight of 1200 lbBale weight of 1200 lb

�� Time to form bale is 80 seconds @ maximum capacity Time to form bale is 80 seconds @ maximum capacity (but who can do that?)(but who can do that?)

�� Time to form bale is 120 seconds at 2/3 max capacityTime to form bale is 120 seconds at 2/3 max capacity

�� Twine wrap, eject, & operator delay time of Twine wrap, eject, & operator delay time of 4040secondsseconds

�� Actual rate is 1200 lb/(120s + 40 s) = Actual rate is 1200 lb/(120s + 40 s) = 13.513.5 tons/htons/h

�� Utilization rate is 13.5/30 or 45%Utilization rate is 13.5/30 or 45%

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Round Baler Twine vs. Round Baler Twine vs. NetNetStep by Step analysisStep by Step analysis

�� Maximum throughput of Maximum throughput of 3030 tons/hourtons/hour

�� 90% maximum field efficiency (turns & breaks)90% maximum field efficiency (turns & breaks)

�� Effective maximum throughput of 27 tons/h (54,000 Effective maximum throughput of 27 tons/h (54,000 lb/h)lb/h)

�� Bale weight of 1200 lbBale weight of 1200 lb

�� Time to form bale is 80 seconds @ maximum capacity Time to form bale is 80 seconds @ maximum capacity (but who can do that?)(but who can do that?)

�� Time to form bale is 120 seconds at 2/3 max capacityTime to form bale is 120 seconds at 2/3 max capacity

�� Twine wrap, eject, & operator delay time of Twine wrap, eject, & operator delay time of 2525secondsseconds

�� Actual rate is 1200 lb/(120s + 25 s) = Actual rate is 1200 lb/(120s + 25 s) = 14.914.9 tons/htons/h

�� Utilization rate is 14.9/30 or 48%Utilization rate is 14.9/30 or 48%

Round Baler Capacity UtilizationRound Baler Capacity Utilization

�� Depends on:Depends on:�� How hard you push the machineHow hard you push the machine

�� Twine or netTwine or net

�� Maximum capacity of the machine (20 to 50 Maximum capacity of the machine (20 to 50 tons/hour for round balers today)tons/hour for round balers today)

�� Likely in the range:Likely in the range:�� 3535--50% with twine wrap50% with twine wrap

�� 4545--60% with net wrap60% with net wrap

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Typical Hay Equipment SetsTypical Hay Equipment Sets

Small Rectangular BalesSmall Rectangular Bales100 to 300 tons DM/year100 to 300 tons DM/year

(20 to 60 acres)(20 to 60 acres)�� 9’ Mower9’ Mower--conditionerconditioner�� RakeRake�� Small balerSmall baler�� 2 wagons2 wagons�� Labor: 1.4 Labor: 1.4 –– 2.1 h/t DM2.1 h/t DM�� Cost: $42 Cost: $42 –– 69 / t DM69 / t DM


Small Rectangular BalesSmall Rectangular Bales200 to 400 tons DM/year200 to 400 tons DM/year

(40 to 80 acres)(40 to 80 acres)�� 88--12’ Mower12’ Mower--conditionerconditioner�� Tandem RakeTandem Rake�� Medium balerMedium baler�� 3 wagons3 wagons�� Labor: 1.0 Labor: 1.0 –– 1.4 h / t DM1.4 h / t DM�� Cost: $36 Cost: $36 –– 52 / t DM52 / t DM

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Small Rectangular BalesSmall Rectangular Bales

300 to 600 tons DM/year300 to 600 tons DM/year

(60 to 120 acres)(60 to 120 acres)�� 1212--14’ Mower14’ Mower--conditionerconditioner

�� Tandem RakeTandem Rake

�� Large balerLarge baler

�� 4 wagons or automatic bale wagon4 wagons or automatic bale wagon

�� Labor: 0.5 Labor: 0.5 –– 1.0 h / t DM1.0 h / t DM

�� Cost: $29 Cost: $29 –– 41 / t DM41 / t DM


Large Round BalesLarge Round Bales100 to 300 tons DM/year100 to 300 tons DM/year

(20 to 60 acres)(20 to 60 acres)�� 9’ Mower9’ Mower--conditionerconditioner�� RakeRake�� Small balerSmall baler�� 1 wagons1 wagons�� Labor: 1.2 Labor: 1.2 –– 1.4 h/t DM1.4 h/t DM�� Cost: $44 Cost: $44 –– 67 / t DM67 / t DM

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(40 to 80 acres)(40 to 80 acres)�� 88--12’ Mower12’ Mower--conditionerconditioner�� Tandem RakeTandem Rake�� Medium balerMedium baler�� 11--2 wagons2 wagons�� Labor: 0.9 Labor: 0.9 –– 1.1 h / t DM1.1 h / t DM�� Cost: $36 Cost: $36 –– 43 / t DM43 / t DM



(60 to 120 acres)(60 to 120 acres)�� 1212--14’ Mower14’ Mower--conditionerconditioner�� Tandem RakeTandem Rake�� Large balerLarge baler�� 2 wagons or truck2 wagons or truck�� Labor: 0.7 Labor: 0.7 –– 0.9 h / t DM0.9 h / t DM�� Cost: $28 Cost: $28 –– 33 / t DM33 / t DM

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Custom RatesCustom RatesMowingMowing--conditioningconditioning

�� PA: $11.90/acrePA: $11.90/acre

�� DE: $10.00/acreDE: $10.00/acre

�� OH: $10.00/acreOH: $10.00/acre

�� IN: $10.25/acreIN: $10.25/acre

�� VA: $12.70/acreVA: $12.70/acre

Custom RatesCustom RatesRakingRaking

�� PA: $6.30/acrePA: $6.30/acre

�� DE: $3.70/acreDE: $3.70/acre

�� OH: $5.00/acreOH: $5.00/acre

�� IN: $5.00/acreIN: $5.00/acre

�� VA: $6.75/acreVA: $6.75/acre

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Custom RatesCustom RatesRectangular BalingRectangular Baling

�� PA: $0.48/balePA: $0.48/bale

�� DE: $0.32/baleDE: $0.32/bale

�� OH: $0.47/baleOH: $0.47/bale

�� IN: $0.46/baleIN: $0.46/bale

�� VA: $0.47/baleVA: $0.47/bale

Custom RatesCustom RatesMowMow--RakeRake--BaleBale--StoreStoreSmall Rectangular BalesSmall Rectangular Bales

�� PA: $1.15/balePA: $1.15/bale

�� DE: $0.85/baleDE: $0.85/bale

�� OH: $26/ton ($.80/bale)OH: $26/ton ($.80/bale)

�� VA: $1.11/baleVA: $1.11/bale

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Custom RatesCustom RatesLarge Round BalingLarge Round Baling

Large Round BalingLarge Round Baling

�� PA: $6.40/balePA: $6.40/bale

�� DE: $8.45/baleDE: $8.45/bale

�� OH: $7.50/baleOH: $7.50/bale

�� IN: $7.70/baleIN: $7.70/bale

�� VA: $7.15/baleVA: $7.15/bale

Estimating Power Unit CostEstimating Power Unit Cost

A tractor cost benchmarking relationship A tractor cost benchmarking relationship (without fuel):(without fuel):

SCSC$/$/hphhph=200 =200 PPhphp0.1220.122 IIdecdec

0.2440.244 NNyrsyrs--0.4370.437 HHhrshrs/yr/yr

--0.9580.958

Reference:Reference:

Buckmaster, D.R. 2003. Benchmarking Tractor Costs. Appl. Buckmaster, D.R. 2003. Benchmarking Tractor Costs. Appl. Eng. In Eng. In AgrAgr. 19(2):151. 19(2):151--154.154.

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Estimating Power Unit CostEstimating Power Unit Cost

Example:Example:

80 hp tractor kept 10 years with 250 hrs/yr 80 hp tractor kept 10 years with 250 hrs/yr and 7% interest rateand 7% interest rate

SCSC$/h$/h = 200(80)= 200(80)0.1220.122(.07)(.07)0.2440.244(10)(10)--0.4370.437(250)(250)--0.9580.958

= $0.329/hph= $0.329/hph

CostCost$/h$/h = SC= SC$/hph$/hph PPhphp = ($.0359/hph)(80hp)= ($.0359/hph)(80hp)

= $26/hr= $26/hr

The Machinery Portion of hay The Machinery Portion of hay production costs …production costs …

�� Hay @ $80/ton with 50 lb bales is worth Hay @ $80/ton with 50 lb bales is worth $2.00/bale.$2.00/bale.

�� At custom rates, machinery (with labor) At custom rates, machinery (with labor) expense is about $1.00/bale expense is about $1.00/bale �� 50%50%

�� Depending on the system, machinery Depending on the system, machinery (with labor) costs are 29 to 69/ton (with labor) costs are 29 to 69/ton �� 4040--

90%90%

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�� Hay Harvest LossesHay Harvest Losses�� Machine features & tractor matchingMachine features & tractor matching

�� MowerMower--conditionersconditioners

�� RakesRakes

�� BalersBalers




Typical Forage System LossesTypical Forage System Losses

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Typical Forage System LossesTypical Forage System Losses

Hay Harvest LossesHay Harvest Losses

�� MowingMowing--conditioningconditioning

�� 11--5%, mostly leaves5%, mostly leaves

�� Conditioner design/setting has a large effect Conditioner design/setting has a large effect (trade(trade--off faster drying rate for more loss)off faster drying rate for more loss)

�� Flails cause more leaf loss in legumesFlails cause more leaf loss in legumes

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�� RakingRaking

�� Loss increases as crop Loss increases as crop driesdries

�� Loss is higher with low Loss is higher with low yield or after teddingyield or after tedding

�� Loss can be up to 20%Loss can be up to 20%

�� Wheel & rotary rakes cause Wheel & rotary rakes cause more loss than parallel bar more loss than parallel bar rakesrakes

�� Best practice is to rake Best practice is to rake once, on the day of balingonce, on the day of baling


�� BalingBaling

�� Loss increases as crop driesLoss increases as crop dries

�� Loss occurs at the pickup Loss occurs at the pickup and in the chamberand in the chamber

�� Typical loss is 2 to 5%, Typical loss is 2 to 5%, sometimes greater with low sometimes greater with low moisture or round balers in moisture or round balers in low yield situations (lots of low yield situations (lots of tumbling)tumbling)

�� No large difference No large difference between inbetween in--line versus line versus offset balersoffset balers

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�� Respiration & RainRespiration & Rain

�� Highly variableHighly variable

�� From 2 to 100% lossFrom 2 to 100% loss

�� Loss of most digestible Loss of most digestible plant componentsplant components

�� Two strategiesTwo strategies

�� Try to always avoid rainTry to always avoid rain

�� Try to optimize annual Try to optimize annual harvestharvest

Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline�� Machinery managementMachinery management

�� Capacity equationsCapacity equations





�� RakesRakes

�� BalersBalers




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MowerMower--ConditionersConditioners

�� Cut type:Cut type:�� SickleSickle

�� DiscDisc

�� Conditioner type:Conditioner type:�� Roll, “rubber”Roll, “rubber”

�� Rolls, steelRolls, steel

�� Flail/ImpellarFlail/Impellar

�� Other features & optionsOther features & options

Cut TypeCut Type

�� SickleSickle�� Clean cutClean cut

�� Speed limitedSpeed limited

�� Low power requirementLow power requirement

�� Disc/RotaryDisc/Rotary�� Good in lodged cropsGood in lodged crops

�� “Never” plug“Never” plug

�� Higher power requirementHigher power requirement

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Tractor RequirementsTractor Requirements

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

50 75 100 125 150

Tractor PTO hp

Rea

son

able

Mo

wer

Wid

th (

ft)

SickleMower-conditioners

DiscMower-conditioners

Conditioner TypeConditioner Type

�� “Rubber” rolls“Rubber” rolls�� Crimp & crush with pressureCrimp & crush with pressure

�� Steel rollsSteel rolls�� Crimp & crush with pressureCrimp & crush with pressure

�� Flail, Impellar, or TineFlail, Impellar, or Tine�� Scuffing actionScuffing action

�� Regardless of type, more Regardless of type, more aggressive conditioning aggressive conditioning increases drying rate and increases drying rate and increases lossincreases loss

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Some Mower FeaturesSome Mower Features

�� Side windrow attachment Side windrow attachment for wider unitsfor wider units

�� No tools adjustments No tools adjustments (swath width, roll pressure, (swath width, roll pressure, tine clearance, etc.)tine clearance, etc.)

�� Split swath on wider unitsSplit swath on wider units

�� Cutterbar angle tilt Cutterbar angle tilt adjustmentadjustment

�� Variable reel speedVariable reel speed

�� Suspension of cutterbarSuspension of cutterbar

Rakes & Other Swath Manipulation Rakes & Other Swath Manipulation EquipmentEquipment

�� Rake TypesRake Types�� Parallel barParallel bar

�� RotaryRotary

�� WheelWheel

�� Other Swath Manipulation machineryOther Swath Manipulation machinery�� TeddersTedders

�� InvertersInverters

�� FeaturesFeatures

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Rake TypeRake Type

�� Parallel BarParallel Bar�� Lowest loss, particularly with Lowest loss, particularly with legumeslegumes

�� Ground or variable speed Ground or variable speed hydraulic drivehydraulic drive

�� WheelWheel�� Higher speedHigher speed

�� Higher potential for rock Higher potential for rock collectioncollection

�� RotaryRotary�� Sometimes dual function (tedder Sometimes dual function (tedder & rake)& rake)

Swath Manipulation FeaturesSwath Manipulation Features

�� Drawbar or hitch mountDrawbar or hitch mount

�� Adjustable swath & Adjustable swath & windrow widthwindrow width

�� Variable speedVariable speed

�� Hydraulic foldingHydraulic folding

�� Windrow inverters & Windrow inverters & mergersmergers

�� TeddersTedders

�� Tandem axlesTandem axles

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Small Rectangular BalersSmall Rectangular Balers

�� Sizes & StylesSizes & Styles

�� 14”x18”, 16”x18”, 15”x22”14”x18”, 16”x18”, 15”x22”

�� Inline & offsetInline & offset


�� Bale ThrowerBale Thrower

�� Hydraulic tension controlHydraulic tension control

�� Pickup headsPickup heads

�� PrePre--pack chamberpack chamber

�� Tractor Matching:Tractor Matching:

�� 35 hp minimum35 hp minimum

�� Could use up to 100+ hpCould use up to 100+ hp

Large Round BalersLarge Round Balers

�� Sizes & TypesSizes & Types

�� Tractor MatchingTractor Matching


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�� Typical Sizes (width by max diameter):Typical Sizes (width by max diameter):�� 4’x39”4’x39”

�� 4’x4’4’x4’

�� 4’x5’4’x5’

�� 5’x5’5’x5’

�� 5’x6’5’x6’

�� TypesTypes�� Fixed chamber (soft core, high density Fixed chamber (soft core, high density outside)outside)

�� Variable chamber (uniform bale density)Variable chamber (uniform bale density)


�� Tractor Requirements:Tractor Requirements:

�� 4’ width 4’ width –– 45 to 65 hp (more with silage 45 to 65 hp (more with silage specials)specials)

�� 5’ width 705’ width 70--100 hp100 hp

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Large Round Balers FeaturesLarge Round Balers Features

�� Twine or net wrapTwine or net wrap

�� Hydraulic pickup Hydraulic pickup (variable speed & (variable speed & reversible)reversible)

�� Silage special (heavier Silage special (heavier bales, “sticky” crop)bales, “sticky” crop)

�� Bale slicersBale slicers

Large Round Balers FeaturesLarge Round Balers Features

�� Tandem axles, wider Tandem axles, wider tirestires

�� Automatic controlsAutomatic controls

�� Automatic Automatic lubricatorslubricators

�� Integrated plastic Integrated plastic wrappingwrapping

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Baled silage checklistBaled silage checklist

��Bale Moisture:Bale Moisture: Proper moisture for baleage Proper moisture for baleage is 45 to 60%.is 45 to 60%.

��Bale Density:Bale Density: Bale density should be as Bale density should be as high as possible.high as possible.

��Bale Sealing:Bale Sealing: If wrapped, bales should be If wrapped, bales should be wrapped with four layers of plastic with 50% wrapped with four layers of plastic with 50% overlap. Seal holes with proper tape.overlap. Seal holes with proper tape.

��Bale Seal Delay:Bale Seal Delay: Bales should be sealedd Bales should be sealedd within a few hours of baling.within a few hours of baling.

Baled silage checklistBaled silage checklist��Storage site:Storage site: The storage site should be The storage site should be constructed to minimize punctures, constructed to minimize punctures, standing water, and rodent or bird standing water, and rodent or bird damage. damage.

��Bale Stacking: Bale Stacking: Avoid stacking of bales Avoid stacking of bales and, if possible, place them on their ends.and, if possible, place them on their ends.

��Forage Quality as Baled: Forage Quality as Baled: Forage Forage should not be overly mature or have should not be overly mature or have experienced significant rain damage.experienced significant rain damage.

��Additive Use: Additive Use: Inoculants should be used Inoculants should be used when wilting temperatures are cool and when wilting temperatures are cool and wilting time is short.wilting time is short.

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Large Rectangular BalersLarge Rectangular Balers

�� Need 90Need 90--150 hp150 hp

�� Very high capacityVery high capacity

�� Many features beyond a Many features beyond a “basics” presentation“basics” presentation

Packaged Hay TransportPackaged Hay Transport

�� Small package optionsSmall package options

�� Stack on wagonStack on wagon

�� Throw to wagonThrow to wagon

�� Drop then collectDrop then collect

�� Large package optionsLarge package options

�� Loader & wagon or trailerLoader & wagon or trailer

�� AutoAuto--loading transportersloading transporters

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Bale Handling EquipmentBale Handling Equipment

Wrappers & TubersWrappers & Tubers

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline�� Machinery managementMachinery management

�� Capacity equationsCapacity equations





�� RakesRakes

�� BalersBalers


�� Harvest Operations TimingHarvest Operations Timing�� Safety ConsiderationsSafety Considerations

Timing the OperationsTiming the Operations

�� MowingMowing--conditioningconditioning�� Is the crop ready?Is the crop ready?

�� Check the weather (but don’t be too risk aversive)Check the weather (but don’t be too risk aversive)

�� RakingRaking�� At 35 to 45% moistureAt 35 to 45% moisture

�� Best on the day of balingBest on the day of baling

�� Perhaps after rainPerhaps after rain

�� Other swath manipulationOther swath manipulation�� Tedding after mowing (or start of 2Tedding after mowing (or start of 2ndnd day)day)

�� Tedding or swath inversion after rainTedding or swath inversion after rain

�� BalingBaling�� Determined by moistureDetermined by moisture

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�� RakesRakes

�� BalersBalers




HayHay--making Safety Considerationsmaking Safety Considerations

�� Shield disc mowers properly (knife tip Shield disc mowers properly (knife tip speeds are 160 to 190 mph); always use a speeds are 160 to 190 mph); always use a tractor with cabtractor with cab

�� Never stand behind conditioning rolls or Never stand behind conditioning rolls or flailsflails

�� Remember that baler flywheels and Remember that baler flywheels and hydraulic accumulators store energyhydraulic accumulators store energy

�� Keep fingers out of moving knotters (even Keep fingers out of moving knotters (even if they are temporarilymanually powered)if they are temporarilymanually powered)

�� Do not ride the wagon when a bale Do not ride the wagon when a bale thrower is usedthrower is used

�� Handle bales safelyHandle bales safely

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HayHay--making Safety Considerationsmaking Safety Considerations

�� Keep equipment “harvest ready”Keep equipment “harvest ready”

�� Keep guards & shields in proper orderKeep guards & shields in proper order

�� Securely block hydraulicallySecurely block hydraulically--raised raised equipment before working around or equipment before working around or under the machineunder the machine

�� Disengage power and shut off engine Disengage power and shut off engine before unpluggingbefore unplugging

�� Keep a fire extinguisher on all powered Keep a fire extinguisher on all powered equipmentequipment

�� No kids or other ridersNo kids or other riders

480 hp

SIZE 48SIZE 48

48 ft

48 tons/hr

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WRAPWRAP--UPUP

A Useful Model A Useful Model ---- IFSMIFSM

The Integrated Forage System ModelThe Integrated Forage System Model

�� Simulates multiple years, driven by historical weather Simulates multiple years, driven by historical weather datadata

�� Growth models (grass, alfalfa, corn, small grains)Growth models (grass, alfalfa, corn, small grains)

�� Harvest models (machinery, drying, operations, labor, Harvest models (machinery, drying, operations, labor, fuel, timing)fuel, timing)

�� Storage models (hay, silage)Storage models (hay, silage)

�� Feed utilization & conversion (beef, dairy, commercial Feed utilization & conversion (beef, dairy, commercial hay)hay)

http://pswmru.arsup.psu.edu/software/ifsm.htmhttp://pswmru.arsup.psu.edu/software/ifsm.htm

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If I were making hayIf I were making hay(for a living)(for a living)

�� Disc mowerDisc mower--conditioner for capacityconditioner for capacity

�� Roll conditioner with legumes, flail conditioner Roll conditioner with legumes, flail conditioner with grasseswith grasses

�� Parallel bar rake with legumes, rotary rake with Parallel bar rake with legumes, rotary rake with grassesgrasses

�� Small square baler for flexibilitySmall square baler for flexibility

�� Bale accumulator and loader grapple systemBale accumulator and loader grapple system

�� Trailers, not wagonsTrailers, not wagons

�� Can you talk me out of this system?Can you talk me out of this system?

Documents

Haying Machinery Basics - Purdue Universitydbuckmas/outreach/Haying... · 2009. 3. 4. · 1 Haying Machinery Basics Dennis Buckmaster Assoc. Prof. of Agricultural Engineering Purdue