Have your map out ready to turn in and I suggest looking over your notes… (Origins and Policies)

• FDR Harry Truman• Winston Churchill Warsaw• Truman Doctrine SEATO• Soviet Union Containment• FCDA Television• United States Brinkmanship• Eisenhower Doctrine Arms Race• NATO Marshall Plan• McCarthyism John F. Kennedy

Cold War Conflicts…Notes on your own

How close were we to WWIII?

Remember…Contain Communism!

• Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones of occupation• Western zones work to establish democratic

government (Federal Republic of Germany)• Eastern bloc (Soviet zone) stays under

Communist control• Soviets don’t like the idea of western style

government and economy in their zone – So what do they do about it?

Set up a blockade!

• Soviets block any road, rail, or river traffic into West Berlin• Attempt to starve citizens and force the allies

out• 2.1 million residents in West Berlin suddenly cut

off from sources of food, coal, and other basic necessities. • How do the Western leaders respond?

Berlin Airlift - 1948

• British and American planes deliver 7,000 tons of supplies into West Berlin per day• Milk, Flour, Medicine,

Coal, Building Equipment, Toys

• Built more airstrips • Lasts 323 days, USSR

lifts blockade in May 1949

• During that year, American, British, and French planes had made nearly 280,000 flights into Berlin

• Crashes – 70 American and British citizens died

Korean War

• Korea was divided North and South along the 38th Parallel.

• Communists controlled the North

• Capitalists controlled the South

• Wanted to reunify, but who would control?

Korean War• 1950 – North Korea

invades South Korea• Soviet weapons and tanks

• U.S. taken by surprise but had to take a stand against Communist aggression • Dwight D.

Eisenhower…“We’ll have a dozen Koreas soon if we don’t take a firm stand”

What theory?

Harry Truman says…• “For ourselves, we seek no territory or domination over

others…We are concerned with advancing our prosperity and our well-being as a Nation, but we know that our future is inseparable joined with the future of other free peoples.”

• CONTAIN the spread of Communism in South Korea• UN Troops sent to support South Korea• UN Police Action – the US never declared war!• 80% of UN Troops were American

• Under the Command of General Douglas McArthur, South Korea and the UN Troops launch a massive offensive and push troops back across 38th Parallel and well into North Korea

• 260,000 Chinese troops poured in to help North Korea.

• US/UN was forced to retreat.

• After 3 years of fighting, the Armistice line was established at nearly the same place as the original 38th Parallel• 54,000 American deaths• Almost 2 million Communist forces

casualties

• Containment worked, but North Korea remained Communist

What is it like today?

Who do you think was more successful?

Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962

Cuba• Controlled by Communist dictator – Fidel Castro• Soviet Union Controlled by Nikita Khrushchev I got your back if

the U.S. invades so can I place

some missiles in Cuba… just in

case?

Of course you can dude!

• The U.S. had placed some missiles in Turkey – Khrushchev felt this was a threat to the Soviet Union so he thought this justified putting similar missiles near the southern border of the U.S. – Cuba• Castro Allowed the Soviet Union to secretly install

missiles• SAMs – Surface to Air Missiles

U-2 Spy planes over Cuba detected Missile sites…• Soviets call them “defensive

missiles,” - warns U.S. that Cuban attack would mean war.

What should Kennedy do?Airstrike/Invasion… or Naval Blockade?

• Less likely to provoke launch and allowed Soviets to remove missiles themselves• “Quarantine”• not permit offensive

weapons to be delivered to Cuba and demanded that the Soviets dismantle the missile bases already under construction or completed in Cuba and remove all offensive weapons.

Did it work?• Nuclear Poker

• Ships carrying missile parts turn around• Soviet Union agrees to

take missiles out if U.S. agrees to never invade Cuba

• Closest the world has ever come to nuclear war

• “What kind of peace do we seek? Not a (peace) enforced on the world by American weapons of war…not merely peace for Americans in our time, but peace for all men and women in all time…For, in the final analysis, our most basic common link is that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all mortal.”

• That peace is hard to find during this Cold War Era.• Almost 20 years later President Regan has similar thoughts…• Reagan

As you read “Cold War Turns Hot”….• Highlight/underline important information• Create a vertical timeline on the last page

identifying examples where the Cold War “turned hot”

Vietnam War (1955-1975)• France in control of

Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia (French Indochina)

• Why? - Resources: rice, tin, rubber, oil

• After WWII Vietnamese want to be free from French and Japanese control – Ho Chi Minh becomes leader of Vietminh (North Vietnam)

Ho Chi Minh and Vietcong

(Communism)

VS.

U.S. and President Ngo Ding Diem

(Democracy)

• U.S. Supported President Ngo Dinh Diem, but he failed to hold elections because he was too greedy and also knew he would lose.• Catholic, strong opposition against Buddhism • U.S. support his overthrow

• Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam known as Vietcong begin revolt in order to unify Vietnam under Communist control of Ho Chi Minh

• U.S. sends military advisers, money, and eventually troops in order to prevent South Vietnam fall to Communism

• Similar to Korea and the 38th Parallel, Vietnam was divided at the 17th Parallel• Guerrilla Warfare (irregular)• Vietcong Tunnels – Ho Chi

Minh Trail • Armed Civilians• Surprise Attacks

• Forrest, Forrest Gump• Search and Destroy

Missions – Looking for a guy named Charlie?

“After a while, survival was the name of the game as you sat there in the semidarkness, with the firing going on constantly, like at a rifle range. And the horrible smell. You tasted it as you ate your rations, as if you were eating death…You went through the full range of emotions seeing your buddies being hit, but you couldn’t feel sorry for them because you had the others to think about.” – Captain Myron Harrington

Presidential Leaders• Eisenhower (military advisors)• Kennedy (military advisors and regular troops)• Johnson (more regular troops)• Nixon (more regular troops)• Ford (ended US involvement)

• “Our expectations were, we were going to stay there a month to 90 days, help the South Vietnamese recover, and then we would get out…We got this idea that the United States was invincible…that, being U.S. Marines, our mere presence in Vietnam was going to terrify the enemy into quitting” – Liutenant Phillip Caputo

How did it end?• After years of conflict, U.S. tries to pressure North Vietnam by

heavy bombing of North Vietnamese cities but unable to sway North Vietnam from giving up.

• “Peace talks” called for U.S. to withdraw troops so that Vietnam could rebuild• Each side would release prisoners of war• But what about the political future of Vietnam?

• April 30, 1975 - After 2 decades of temporary division, North invades the South, after U.S. leaves, and the South surrenders to Communism

Results of Vietnam• Protests, cultural revolution• Southeast Asia Refugees in U.S. - Why do you think they were

willing to travel thousands of miles on small, crowded boats to live in the U.S.?• 1.5 Million leave South Vietnam, 700,000 end up in U.S.

• War Powers Act• President can send troops but Congress must reaffirm Declaration

of War within 60 days.

• Spent $150 billion• 58,000 U.S. soldiers KIA or MIA

• Lenningrad• What Cold War references do you hear Billy Joel mention?• How does this song compare/contrast life in the U.S. vs. life in the

Soviet Union during this time period?