• Have a red and blue writing utensil• Clear desk

Heart Diagram Quiz

Aorta

Superior Vena Cava

R. Pulmonary Artery

R. Pulmonary Veins

R. Atrium

Tricuspid

R. Ventricle

Inferior Vena Cava

L. Pulmonary Artery

L. Pulmonary Veins

Pulmonary Valve

L. Atrium

Bicuspid

Aortic Valve

L. Ventricle

Descending Aorta

Sponge: Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 93

Topic:

15.5 Cardiovascular Disorders

Essential Questions:

No EQ

2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules

15.5 Cardiovascular Disorders

Body Story: The Beast Within (25mins) Pg. 921. The growth inside John’s artery is mostly made up of

what?2. How does plaque build-up affect John’s blood flow?3. What is the function of the pacemaker?4. What happens when the plaque’s membrane is ripped

open?5. What are the first symptom’s John feels during his attack?6. What happens to John’s body within the first 5 mins?7. The first 15 mins?8. How does the lack of O2 affect John and his heart cells?9. What does the drug TPA do for John?10.When John undergoes VF what happens? What are the

consequences?

1. The growth inside John’s artery is mostly made up of what?Cholesterol2. How does plaque build-up affect John’s blood flow?Slows it down3. What is the function of the pacemaker?Generates electrical impulses which ensure its regular beat4. What happens when the plaque’s membrane is ripped open?Blood cells attach to the plaque causing a clot5. What are the first symptom’s John feels during his attack?Feels like indigestion, pain in left arm and middle of chest6. What happens to John’s body within the first 5 mins?Adrenaline is released, heart rate increases, some heart muscles stop beating7. The first 15 mins?Heart cell membranes begin to leak, beat gets weaker, he struggles to breathe, lungs fill with fluid8. How does the lack of O2 affect John and his heart cells?He feels dizzy, disorientated, Heart cells burst and begin to die9.What does the drug TPA do for John?“Clot busting” drug- breaks up the clot- clears the artery10. When John undergoes VF what happens? What are the consequences?Some heart cells do not beat with the rest of the heart. This causes it to quiver vs. beat. No oxygen will make its way to the brain

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Diagnosing Cardiovascular Disorders: • Begins with patient history and a physical examination

Common symptoms:• Tightness in chest• Burning pain (worsened by coughing)• Difficulty breathing• Weakness• Lightheadedness

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Hypertension aka High Blood Pressure: persistently elevated arterial blood pressure• One of the most common diseases of the cardiovascular systemCauses:• Narrowed vessels • High sodium intake• Obesity• Psychological stress

• Called the “silent killer” because it may not have direct symptoms, and sets the stage for serious cardiovascular complications

• May cause atherosclerosis as arteries accumulate plaque leading to a coronary thrombosis or embolism

Hypertension

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=diG519dFVNs

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Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) aka Stroke: • A blockage of blood flow to the brain that deprives the brain

of oxygen• Usually caused by a cerebral thrombosis (blood clot that

inhibits the flow of blood), embolism (blockage of blood or fat), or hemorrhage

• Paralysis• Vision loss• Speech impediment• Falling• Blindness• Death

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Stroke

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pcmrgwNCPwM

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Arrhythmia: Any disturbance of the normal heart rhythmSymptoms:• Palpitations (awareness of the heartbeat)• Dizziness and syncope (fainting)

Treatment: • Drugs (most common treatment)• Pacemaker

Factors: • Exercise • Alcohol• Caffeine

Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a condition in which there is uncoordinated contraction of the cardiac muscle of the ventricles in the heart, making them quiver rather than contract properly

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Myocardial Infarction (heart attack):• Caused by a prolonged deficiency of blood flow to the cardiac

muscle• Occurs because platelets accumulate on plaque forming a blood

clot• If half or more of the artery is blocked, blood flow may be

inadequate• The myocardium can tolerate up to 20 mins of oxygen loss before

death of heart tissue beginsSymptoms:• Pain in chest/neck/jaw/left arm/back/shoulder• Sweating• Pale skin• Cyanosis (blue skin)

Myocardial Infarction

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLmKq5bQOg0

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1. Why does an MI occur?

2. Does the heart have the ability to repair itself?

a. What is this repair called? What basically happens?

3. What are the early symptoms of an MI?

4. What is the survival rate of a person with MI?

5. What is the main cause of death for a person who has suffered an MI?

6. What are the first signs Paul notices?

7. What risk factors predispose Paul to a myocardial infarction? (4 things)

8. Explain why Paul is given an aspirin to chew on the way to the hospital.

Myocardial Infarction (Heart Attack) Reading and Case Study

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Life-Span Changes

• cholesterol deposition in blood vessels

• heart enlargement

• death of cardiac muscle cells

• increase in fibrous connective tissue of the heart

• increase in adipose tissue of the heart

• increase in blood pressure

• decrease in resting heart rate

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Blue Baby Syndrome:

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Heart Transplants: the recipient’s failing heart is removed, except for the posterior walls of the right and left atria and their connections to the vena cava and pulmonary veins• New heart is attached to the atrial cuffs remaining • Recipients aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected to donor

heartIssues:• Donor hearts are scarce• Left ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) can help maintain cardiac

function long enough for a heart to become available (hopefully)Other options:• Artificial Heart: replaces the ventricles• Stem cells

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Something the Lord MadeAlfred Blalock (1899-1964), a cardiologist, leaves Vanderbilt for Johns Hopkins taking with him his lab technician, Vivien Thomas (1910-1985). Thomas, an African-American without a college degree, is a gifted mechanic and tool-maker with hands splendidly adept at surgery. In 1941, Blalock and Thomas take on the challenge of blue babies and invent bypass surgery. After trials on dogs, their first patient is baby Eileen, sure to die without the surgery. In defiance of custom and Jim Crow, Blalock brings Thomas into the surgery to advise him, but when Life Magazine and kudos come, Thomas is excluded. Will he receive his due?