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Harvesting solar power with anthocyaninsiGEM Team TU Darmstadt 2014
Electricity & Poverty
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Access to electricity leads to• Additional hours spent learning by children• Additional productivity• Improved health• Increased household net income
8 UN Millennium Development Goals to fight hunger & poverty
Africa at night in 2014
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DSCs (or Grätzel cells) are• Cheaper• Don’t need rare metals• More environment-friendly
than classical solar cells
DSCs can• Utilize diffuse light• Light from every angle• Be used in warm regions
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC) vs. classical solar cells
Dye-sensitized solar cells
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Anthocyanins
• Flavonol derived plant pigments
• Found in higher plants
• Can be used effectively in Grätzel cells
• Heterologous production in E. coli feasible
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Application scenario
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Local partnerVillagers
Government / NGOsLocal industry
DSC producerLocal microcredit
bank
Purchasing machines
Developing concepts
Providing capital
Cooperation Purchasing DSCs
Lending money
Training
Selling DSCs
Conclusions:
1. Project will be applied in hot rural areas
2. Adjusting our pathway
3. Examining “soft” aspects by a techno-moral vignette
Meeting the experts
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Visiting Prof. Dr. Grätzel and Dr. Toby Meyer of Solaronix
• Broad variety of anthocyanins in plants
• Production yield in plants not predictable
• Easy extraction from E. coli
• No unwanted side products
• Higher yield in shorter time with less space consumption
Why in E. coli?
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pelargonidin
Katsumuto et al., 2007
The pathway
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Central branching pointSplitting of our pathway
iGEM Uppsala 2013
BBa_K1497001BBa_K1497000BBa_K1033000BBa_K1033001
chi4-cl chstalR R R R
From tyrosine to naringenin
naringenin producing operon (BBa_K1497007)
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Naringenin biosensor (1)
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naringenin
FdeR homodimer
naringenin bound to FdeR homodimer
A: Naringenin biosensor with CFP as reporter (BBa_K1497022)B: Naringenin biosensor with mKate as reporter (BBa_K1497021)C: Naringenin biosensor without a reporter (BBa_K1497019)D: Naringenin biosensor with GFP as reporter (BBa_K1497020)
Naringenin biosensor (2)
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GFP and mKate biosensor combined have a broader range!
GFP mKate
Quantification of naringeninproduction
13Quick comparison of different constructs!
T7 operon: ≈ 3 µMConst. operon: ≈ 1 µMafter 16 h of incubation
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Rel
ativ
e Fl
uo
resc
en
ce U
nit
s (R
FU)
Neg. control
T7 naringenin operon(BBa_K1497017)Const. naringenin operon(BBa_K1497016)
BBa_K1497011BBa_K1497010BBa_K1497009
From naringenin to pelargonidin
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dfrf3h ansR RR
BBa_K1497023
No glycosylation -> extraction with organic solvents possible!
pelargonidin
pelargonidin extracted with dichloromethane
DFR ANS
Metabolic channeling
15protein scaffold by iGEM Team SJTU-BioX-Shanghai 2012
SH3 GBDPDZ
naringenin pelargonidin
F3H
Modularization
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Construction of scaffold variations by BglII Brick cloning strategy
See SCUT 2014 for S. cerevisiae
• Elastic Network Models
• Linear Response Theory
• All Atom Molecular Dynamics
Elastic Network Model
Dry lab to wet lab
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Modeling lead to shortened anthocyanidin synthase (eANS, BBa_K1497002)
• Modularizable Grätzel cell holder
• Printed with bio-degradable PLA
• First test: ≈ 0.6 mA and 150 mV !
• See the models at our poster
Mission accomplished!
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Achievements
• Characterizing 23 of 33 BioBrick parts sent to the registry
• Construction of a functional pelargonidin pathway in E. coli
• Engineering and improving of ANS by in silico protein multi-scale modeling
• Introducing three functional naringeninbiosensors
• Introducing an improved protein scaffold
• Describing a novel Policy & Practicesapproach
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SH3 GBDPDZ
pelargonidin extracted with dichloromethane
More achievements!
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Visit our Wiki for:
• Our Safety approach
• More modeling data
• More scaffold improvements
• Open Hardware models (3D-printer STL files)
• Open Software packages for R
• Our full application scenario & techno-moral vignette
Acknowledgements
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The TeamRico BallmannSebastian BarthelMalte BlumenrothThomas DohmenMax DombrowskyKai FenzlTobias GabrielSascha HeinNiklas HummelCarmen KleinKai KucharzewskiBenjamin MayerChristian MendeLaurin MonnheimerSebastian PallukSven RumpfFabian RohdenDaniel SachsRenè Sahm
Christian SatorAndreas SchmidtChristian SürderMichael SürderBastian WagnerAlex Wyllie
AdvisorsProf. Dr. Heribert WarzechaSven Jager
Thank you!Prof. Dr. Katja SchmitzProf. Dr. Kay HamacherProf. Dr. Heinz KoepplProf. Dr. Jörg SimonProf. Dr. Adam BertlProf. Dr. Gerhard ThielPD Dr. Tobias MeckelSabine Fräbel
Henning PennekampJascha VolkDr. Melanie KernDr. Stefan MartensAlexander SchlauerBarbara WolfAnne EinhäuplProf. Dr. Michael GrätzelDr. Toby MeyerProf. Dr. Alfred NordmannWieke BettenCharlotte Kaspar