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Harvesting Information to Harvesting Information to Sustain our Forests:Sustain our Forests:
Creating anCreating anAdaptive Management PortalAdaptive Management Portal
NSF DIGITAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAMNSF DIGITAL GOVERNMENT PROGRAM
Tim Tolle & Lois DelcambreTim Tolle & Lois [email protected] [email protected]@fs.fed.us [email protected]
Co-Project DirectorsCo-Project Directors
OverviewOverview
Government partners & project structureGovernment partners & project structure
Project plan and initial progressProject plan and initial progress
““Digital Duct Tape” ResearchDigital Duct Tape” Research Results to dateResults to date Role in our Digital Government projectRole in our Digital Government project Role in our Digital Library projectRole in our Digital Library project
Project focuses on Project focuses on the:the:
Adaptive Adaptive
ManagementManagement AreasAreas
USDA Forest ServiceUSDA Forest ServiceUSDI Bureau of Land USDI Bureau of Land
ManagementManagementUSDI Fish and USDI Fish and Wildlife ServiceWildlife Service
HistoryHistory
Eric Landis – vision of access to forest Eric Landis – vision of access to forest information through a portalinformation through a portal
Craig Palmer – NSF Digital Government Craig Palmer – NSF Digital Government Program AnnouncementProgram Announcement
Oregon Graduate Institute –computer science Oregon Graduate Institute –computer science expertise and marketing – lead institution for expertise and marketing – lead institution for Digital Government ProposalDigital Government Proposal
Adaptive Management Portal:Adaptive Management Portal: a value-added, Internet-based servicea value-added, Internet-based service
Provide Provide multiple access pathsmultiple access paths to forest information. to forest information.
Preserve Preserve local autonomylocal autonomy and local focus of each site. and local focus of each site.
Support Support diversediverse usersusers and types of information. and types of information.
Use proposed, existing, and de facto Use proposed, existing, and de facto standardsstandards for content, for content, classification, and technology.classification, and technology.
Be Be low-costlow-cost, , scalablescalable, , extensibleextensible..
Project FundingProject Funding
Duration: 3 yearsDuration: 3 years
Budget: $1.5 millionBudget: $1.5 million
Principal financial sponsorsPrincipal financial sponsors National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation Bureau of Land Management (Oregon State Office)Bureau of Land Management (Oregon State Office) Forest Service (R-6 and PNW Station)Forest Service (R-6 and PNW Station) National Park Service (Western Region)National Park Service (Western Region)
Project ParticipantsProject Participants
Adaptive Management Areas (FS, BLM, FWS field units)Adaptive Management Areas (FS, BLM, FWS field units)
Oregon Graduate Institute Oregon Graduate Institute (CSE, ESE, MST departments)(CSE, ESE, MST departments)
University of Nevada, Las Vegas University of Nevada, Las Vegas (Natural Resources Monitoring)(Natural Resources Monitoring)
Forest Service (Northwest Region – Strategic Planning Forest Service (Northwest Region – Strategic Planning and Information Management departments)and Information Management departments)
Rainier National ParkRainier National Park
Team MembersTeam Members
Tim Tolle Tim Tolle Regional Coordinator for AMA, US Forest ServiceRegional Coordinator for AMA, US Forest Service
Eric LandisEric Landis Forest Information System Specialist, ConsultantForest Information System Specialist, Consultant
Craig PalmerCraig Palmer Natural Resources Monitoring Expert, UNLVNatural Resources Monitoring Expert, UNLV
Fred PhillipsFred Phillips Professor, Head, Mgt. of Science and Tech., OGIProfessor, Head, Mgt. of Science and Tech., OGI
Patty ToccalinoPatty Toccalino Asst. Prof., Environmental Science and Eng., OGIAsst. Prof., Environmental Science and Eng., OGI
Lois DelcambreLois Delcambre Professor, Computer Science and Eng., OGIProfessor, Computer Science and Eng., OGI
David MaierDavid Maier Professor, Computer Science and Eng., OGIProfessor, Computer Science and Eng., OGI
Shawn BowersShawn Bowers PhD Student, Computer Science and Eng., OGIPhD Student, Computer Science and Eng., OGI
Mat WeaverMat Weaver PhD Student, Computer Science and Eng., OGIPhD Student, Computer Science and Eng., OGI
Forest/environmental expertiseForest/environmental expertise Computer science expertiseComputer science expertise
Staff Scientist, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryStaff Scientist, Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryMark WhitingMark Whiting
Science Advisor, USDI, National Park ServiceScience Advisor, USDI, National Park ServiceRegina RochefortRegina Rochefort
Communications Director, USDA Forest Service, PNW Communications Director, USDA Forest Service, PNW Research StationResearch StationCynthia L. MinerCynthia L. Miner
Chief, Office of Technical Support, Forest Resources, Chief, Office of Technical Support, Forest Resources, USDI Fish and Wildlife ServiceUSDI Fish and Wildlife ServiceMonty KnudsenMonty Knudsen
Executive Director, IMFN SecretariatExecutive Director, IMFN SecretariatFred JohnsonFred Johnson
MD, Asst. Professor, Division of Medical Informatics and MD, Asst. Professor, Division of Medical Informatics and Outcomes Research, OHSUOutcomes Research, OHSU Paul GormanPaul Gorman
Sustainable NorthwestSustainable NorthwestMartin GoebelMartin Goebel
USDA Forest Service, Pacific NW RegionUSDA Forest Service, Pacific NW RegionRobert DevlinRobert Devlin
President, IUFRO, Oxford Forestry Institute, Dept of Plant President, IUFRO, Oxford Forestry Institute, Dept of Plant SciencesSciencesJeff BurleyJeff Burley
Co-Inventor of the Topic Map ModelCo-Inventor of the Topic Map ModelMichel BiezunskiMichel Biezunski
Advisory BoardAdvisory Board
Forest/environmental expertiseForest/environmental expertise Computer science expertiseComputer science expertise
OverviewOverview
Government partners & structureGovernment partners & structure
Project plan and initial progressProject plan and initial progress
““Digital Duct Tape” ResearchDigital Duct Tape” Research Results to dateResults to date Role in our Digital Government projectRole in our Digital Government project Role in our Digital Library projectRole in our Digital Library project
Work PlanWork Plan
4. Architect and scale the information portal
technology
2. Articulate and evolve the requirements for the system
5. Experimentally deploy the technology at AMA sites
3.Conceptually develop the information portal technology
Major influence
Iterative influence
6. Evaluate the Project
opportunities
1. Understand the customer requirements and
Task 1 – StatusTask 1 – Status Workshops @ Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Workshops @ Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management
Area, Cle Elum, WA Area, Cle Elum, WA (June and July)(June and July)
Interviews with Forest Service Corvallis Forest Sciences Interviews with Forest Service Corvallis Forest Sciences Lab and USGS FRESC, Corvallis (Lab and USGS FRESC, Corvallis (August)August)
Interviews with Central Cascades Adaptive Management Interviews with Central Cascades Adaptive Management Area, Eugene Area, Eugene (August)(August)
Interviews with the Applegate Partnership and its Interviews with the Applegate Partnership and its associated agencies associated agencies (August)(August)
Rainier National Park Rainier National Park (planned for October)(planned for October)
Questions for Prospective UsersQuestions for Prospective Users
What kind of information would you want?What kind of information would you want?
What kind of information will you provide?What kind of information will you provide?
What kind of “meta-information” is needed?What kind of “meta-information” is needed?
Which terminology do you use? Do you use Which terminology do you use? Do you use special semantics?special semantics?
Questions for Prospective OrganizationsQuestions for Prospective Organizations
What should the collection policy be?What should the collection policy be? What training is needed? For whom?What training is needed? For whom? What are the organization’s financial and funding What are the organization’s financial and funding capabilities? capabilities?
Who does data management?Who does data management? What expertise is available (including time)?What expertise is available (including time)? What resource equipment is required? Available?What resource equipment is required? Available? Who are the customers? Why?Who are the customers? Why?
OverviewOverview
Government partners & structureGovernment partners & structure
Project plan and initial progressProject plan and initial progress
““Digital Duct Tape” ResearchDigital Duct Tape” Research Results to dateResults to date Role in our Digital Government projectRole in our Digital Government project Role in our Digital Library projectRole in our Digital Library project
The Research: Exploit “Digital Duct Tape”The Research: Exploit “Digital Duct Tape”
19921992bird sightings bird sightings at National Parkat National Park
19951995migration patternsmigration patternsof two particular speciesof two particular species(painstakingly identified(painstakingly identifiedspecies for bird sightings)species for bird sightings)
study
20002000you need a survey of all species - for ayou need a survey of all species - for abiodiversity studybiodiversity studythe classification of the species of the classification of the species of the bird sightings are gone!the bird sightings are gone!
Goal: Reuse Human AttentionGoal: Reuse Human Attention
The original bird sightingsThe original bird sightings Two species identified Two species identified (pink & white)(pink & white)
Goal: Reuse Human AttentionGoal: Reuse Human Attention
White bird sightingsWhite bird sightings Pink bird sightingsPink bird sightingsOther bird sightingsOther bird sightings
When you can’t modify the base data:When you can’t modify the base data:Use superimposed informationUse superimposed information
Two species identified (pink & white)
pink birdswhite birds
Superimposed and base layers Superimposed and base layers with markswith marks
Superimposed Superimposed LayerLayer
BaseBaseLayerLayer InformatioInformatio
n Sourcen Source11
InformatioInformatio
n Sourcen Source22
InformatioInformatio
n Sourcen Sourcenn
…
marksmarks
Topic Map ExampleTopic Map Example
PaintingPainting PainterPainterby painterby painter
Influenced byInfluenced by
““Captive”Captive” ““Paul Klee”Paul Klee”by painterby painter influenced byinfluenced by
““Francisco de Goya”Francisco de Goya”
““1914”1914”by painterby painter
mentionedmentioned biographybiographyreferencedreferenced
referencedreferencedhttp://...http://...
biographybiography biographybiography
http://...http://...http://...http://...
critiquedcritiqued
critiquedcritiqued
mentionedmentioned
http://...http://...
http://...http://...
SuperimposedApplication
BaseApplicationuser
SimultaneousViewing
Enhanced Base-LayerViewing
BaseApplication
AddedSuperimposedFunctionality
IndependentViewing
Three viewing styles for superimposed applications.
SuperimposedApplication
BaseApplication
borrowsfunctionality
user user
Superimposed Layer Superimposed Layer Information Manager (SLIM) Architecture:Information Manager (SLIM) Architecture:
ContributionsContributions
SLIM API - for the application developerSLIM API - for the application developer
TRIM store - for generic storage of TRIM store - for generic storage of superimposed informationsuperimposed information
Mark Management - to create/resolve marksMark Management - to create/resolve marks
SuperimposedApplication
The general architecture for managingsuperimposed information
Superimposed Information ManagementApplication
Data
ApplicationSpecific
API
GenericManagement
TRIMStore
creates and manages
Mark Management
SLIM APISLIM API
Bundle
bundleName : StringbundleXPos : NumberbundleYPos : NumberbundleHeight : NumberbundleWidth : Number
Scrap
scrapName : StringscrapXPos : NumberscrapYPos : Number
SLIMPad
padName : String Mark
markId : String
1 *
1
*
*
0..1
Structured Bundle Model for SLIMPad.
AbstractBundle
Mark Management
SLIMPad
Mark Manager
Mark DB
user
XML Documents
PDF files
Web Pages
Excel Spreadsheets
PPT Files
Superimposed Information Management
XML Viewer
PDF Viewer
IE Explorer
MS Excel
MS PowerPoint
HTML Module
Excel Module
PowerPoint Module
XML Module
PDF Module
Model
Schema Data
Instance Data with Marks
InformationSource1
InformationSource2
SuperimposedLayer
BaseLayer
marksmarks
Model-Based Superimposed InformationModel-Based Superimposed Information
But the model and schema are optionalBut the model and schema are optional
Generic Representation of Information Generic Representation of Information
Topic MapTopic Map
Topic Map Topic Map DefintionDefintion
Topic Map Topic Map InstancesInstances
XMLXML
DTDDTD
XML XML DocumentDocument
MetamodelMetamodel
SuperimposedSuperimposedLayerLayer
Basic Set of Basic Set of AbstractionsAbstractions
Model Constructs Model Constructs and Relationshipsand Relationships
Schema-LevelSchema-LevelDataData
Instance-LevelInstance-LevelDataData
<RDF> <Construct ID=”ElementType”/> <Construct ID=”AttributeType”/> <Construct ID=”Element”/> <Construct ID=”Attribute”/> <Construct ID=”Content”/> <Lexical ID=”ContentType”/>
<Connector ID=”elemTypeName”> <domain resource=”#ElementType”/> <range resource=”#String”/> <domainMult value=”*”/> <rangeMult value=”1”/> </Connector> <Connector ID=”nestedElemType”> <domain resource=”#ElementType”/> <range resource=”#ElementType”/> <domainMult value=”0..1”/> <rangeMult value=”*”/> </Connector> <Conformance ID=”elemInstOf”> <domain resource=”#Element”/> <range resource=”#ElementType”/> <domainMult value=”*”/> <rangeMult value=”0..1”/> </Conformance> …</RDF>
ElementType
AttributeType
Element Attribute
PrimitiveContent
elemTypeName : String
attTypeName : String
tagName : String attName : StringattValue : String
<<conformance>>elemInstOf
holds
attributeOf
attTypeOf
<<conformance>>attInstOf
*
*
*
*
0..1
0..11
1*
0..11
nestedElemType
nestedElem
*
0..1
0..1
Figure 7. The XML model represented using UML with a sample of the RDF representation.
<<Lexical>>PrimitiveContentType
text : String
*
<<conformance>>contentHasType
0..1elemContType
0..1*
Representing Model using RDFRepresenting Model using RDF
(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “TopicTypeTopicType”, Construct)”, Construct)(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “TopicInstanceTopicInstance”, ”, Construct)Construct)
(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “ttypenamettypename”, Connector)”, Connector)(domain, “ttypename”, TopicType)(domain, “ttypename”, TopicType)(range, “ttypename”, String)(range, “ttypename”, String)(domainMult, “ttypename”, “*”)(domainMult, “ttypename”, “*”)(rangeMult, “ttypename”, “1”)(rangeMult, “ttypename”, “1”)
(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “topic_instOftopic_instOf”, ”, Conformance)Conformance)(domain, “topic_instOf”, (domain, “topic_instOf”, TopicInstance)TopicInstance)(range, “topic_instOf”, TopicType)(range, “topic_instOf”, TopicType)(domainMult, “topic_instOf”, “*”)(domainMult, “topic_instOf”, “*”)(rangeMult, “topic_instOf”, “1”)(rangeMult, “topic_instOf”, “1”)
TopicType
ttypename : String
TopicInstance
*
1
<<conformance>>topic_instOf
(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “painting_ttpainting_tt”, TopicType)”, TopicType)(ttypename, “painting_tt”, “painting”)(ttypename, “painting_tt”, “painting”)(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “painter_ttpainter_tt”, TopicType)”, TopicType)(ttypename, “painter_tt”, “painter”)(ttypename, “painter_tt”, “painter”)
(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “byPainter_rtbyPainter_rt”, ”, TopicRelType)TopicRelType)(relType, “byPainter_rt”, “by painter”)(relType, “byPainter_rt”, “by painter”)(topicType1, “byPainter_rt”, painting_tt)(topicType1, “byPainter_rt”, painting_tt)(topicType2, “byPainter_rt”, painter_tt)(topicType2, “byPainter_rt”, painter_tt)
(instanceOf, “(instanceOf, “biography_atbiography_at”, ”, AnchorType)AnchorType)(anchorRole, “biography_at”, (anchorRole, “biography_at”, “biography”)“biography”)(topicType, “biography_at”, painter_tt)(topicType, “biography_at”, painter_tt)
Representing Schema using RDFRepresenting Schema using RDF
Topic Types (schema):Topic Types (schema):painting, painterpainting, painter
Topic Rel Types (schema):Topic Rel Types (schema):by painterby painter
Anchor Types (schema):Anchor Types (schema):biographybiography
paintingpainting painterpainterby painterby painter
biographybiography
Representing Instances using RDFRepresenting Instances using RDF
(instanceOf, “painter1”, TopicInstance)(instanceOf, “painter1”, TopicInstance)(title, “painter1”, “Paul Klee”)(title, “painter1”, “Paul Klee”)(topicInsID, “painter1”, “5”)(topicInsID, “painter1”, “5”)(topic_instOf, “painter1”, painter_tt)(topic_instOf, “painter1”, painter_tt)(instanceOf, “painting1”, TopicInstance)(instanceOf, “painting1”, TopicInstance)(title, “painting1”, “Captive”)(title, “painting1”, “Captive”)(topicInsID, “painting1”, “19”)(topicInsID, “painting1”, “19”)(topic_instOf, “painting1”, painting_tt)(topic_instOf, “painting1”, painting_tt)
(instanceOf, “byPainter1”, TopicRelInst)(instanceOf, “byPainter1”, TopicRelInst)(rel_instOf, “byPainter1”, byPainter_rt)(rel_instOf, “byPainter1”, byPainter_rt)(topicIns1, “byPainter1”, painting1)(topicIns1, “byPainter1”, painting1)(topicIns2, “byPainter1”, painter1)(topicIns2, “byPainter1”, painter1)
(instanceOf, “biography1”, AnchorInst)(instanceOf, “biography1”, AnchorInst)(anchor_instOf, “biography1”, biography_at)(anchor_instOf, “biography1”, biography_at)(address, “biography1”, a1)(address, “biography1”, a1)
(instanceOf, “a1”, Address)(instanceOf, “a1”, Address)(markID, “a1”, (markID, “a1”, “URLMarkManager@954308545”)“URLMarkManager@954308545”)
Topic Instances (instance):Topic Instances (instance):Paul Klee, CaptivePaul Klee, Captive
Topic Relationship (instance):Topic Relationship (instance):a by painter relationshipa by painter relationship
Anchor (instance):Anchor (instance):a biography anchora biography anchor
Address (instance):Address (instance):mark to urlmark to url
Three Basic Types of MappingsThree Basic Types of Mappings
ModelModel11
SchemaSchema11
InstancesInstances11
SourceSource TargetTarget
MappedMapped
ConvertedConverted
ConvertedConverted
MappedMapped
ConvertedConverted
MappedMapped
ConvertedConverted
ConvertedConverted
Inter-ModelInter-Model
Inter-SchemaInter-Schema
Model-to-Model-to-SchemaSchema
ModelModel22
SchemaSchema11
InstancesInstances11
ModelModel11
SchemaSchema11
InstancesInstances11
ModelModel11
SchemaSchema11
InstancesInstances1 1
ModelModel11
SchemaSchema22
InstancesInstances11
ModelModel22
SchemaSchema22
InstancesInstances11
OverviewOverview
Government partners & structureGovernment partners & structure
Project plan and initial progressProject plan and initial progress
““Digital Duct Tape” ResearchDigital Duct Tape” Research Results to dateResults to date Role in our Digital Government projectRole in our Digital Government project Role in our Digital Library projectRole in our Digital Library project
Things we’ve learned from Task 1 Things we’ve learned from Task 1 NSF Digital GovernmentNSF Digital Government
work is project-basedwork is project-based primary product is information: assessments, primary product is information: assessments,
studies, surveys, environmental impact statementsstudies, surveys, environmental impact statements multiple agencies are involvedmultiple agencies are involved each agency serves as information each agency serves as information gatherergatherer; ;
information information brokerbroker; information ; information consumerconsumer even though information is a primary product, even though information is a primary product,
information technology is secondary (stewardship information technology is secondary (stewardship of the land is the primary mission) of the land is the primary mission)
OverviewOverview
Government partners & structureGovernment partners & structure
Project plan and initial progressProject plan and initial progress
““Digital Duct Tape” ResearchDigital Duct Tape” Research Results to dateResults to date Role in our Digital Government projectRole in our Digital Government project Role in our Digital Library projectRole in our Digital Library project
Bundles in the wild………..Bundles in the wild………..
Observational team:Observational team:Paul GormanPaul GormanJoan AshJoan AshMary LavelleMary LavelleJason LymanJason Lyman
……………………..Bundles in captivity..Bundles in captivityComputer science team:Computer science team:
Lois DelcambreLois DelcambreDave MaierDave MaierShawn BowersShawn BowersLongxing DengLongxing DengMathew WeaverMathew Weaver
(Wild) Bundles(Wild) Bundles
There is benefit in creating There is benefit in creating (active processing of information)(active processing of information)
There is benefit in reusing There is benefit in reusing (trigger memory)(trigger memory)
There is benefit in sharing There is benefit in sharing (establish collective, situated awareness)(establish collective, situated awareness)
Table 1. The XML model described in terms of the superimposed-information metamodel. The elements of the XML model (bottom) are instances of the corresponding Metamodel element definitions (top).
Metamodel Elements
Constructs Lexicals Connectors Conformance Connectors
XML Model
Element Type Attribute Type Element Attribute Primitive Content Type Primitive Content
PrimitiveContent
Nested Element Type Connects Two Element Types Nested ElementConnects Two Elements Element ContentConnects an Element to Primitive Content Element Content TypeConnects an Element Type to Prim. Content Type Element AttributeConnects an Element to an Attribute Attribute Element TypeConnects an Element Type to an Attribute Type
Element Instance OfConnects an Element to its Element Type Attribute Instance OfConnects an Attribute to its Attribute Type Content Instance OfConnects Prim. Content to its Primitive Content Type
A Notional View of AMA PortalA Notional View of AMA Portal
Terminology- Based Access
Relevant Information Highlighted(Base Info.)
User-Supplied Annotation
TopicType
ttypename : String
<<Mark>> Address
markId : String
topic Type1
1
*
Figure 9. CARTE’s Structured Map model.
TopicInstance
title : String topicInsID : Number
TopicRelType
relType : String
TopicRelInst
AnchorInst AnchorType
anchorRole : String
topic Type2
1
1 1 topic Ins1
topic Ins2
<<conformance>> topic_instOf
<<conformance>> rel_instOf
<<conformance>> anchor_instOf
topicType
* * * *
1
*
1
topicIns
* 1
address
1
1
1 *
*
*
Bundle
bundleName : String bundleXPos : Number bundleYPos : Number
Scrap
scrapName : String scrapXPos : Number scrapYPos : Number
AbstractBundle AbstractTemplate
SlimPad
padName : String
PadTemplate
templateName : String
<<conformance>> pad_instOf
BundleTemplate
bundleTypeName : String
parent Bundle
nested Bundle
parent Template
nested Template
<<Mark>> ScrapMark
markId : String
<<conformance>> bundle_instOf
enclosing Bundle
bundle Content scrap
Mark
1
*
1
*
1
*
* 1
*
*
0..1
0..1
Figure 10. SLIMPad’s Structured Bundles Model.
subBundle
subBundle
subTemplate
subTemplate
BundleTemplate TopicType
a. Construct to Construct
source target
mapping Bundle TopicInstance
b. Instance to Schema Construct
mapping
Bundle TopicInstance
c. Connector to Connector
mapping
BundleTemplate TopicType
topic_instOf bundle_instOf
AbstractTemplate
d. Connector to Construct
PadTemplate BundleTemplate nested Template
parent Template
TopicType
TopicRelType
relType : String
topic Type1
topic Type1
mapping
Figure 13. Inter-model mappings from Structured Bundles to Structured Maps represented visually.
source target
source target source target