External Use

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Hands-On Workshop: Small Engines,

Methods and Solutions for Reducing

Small Engine Emissions

FTF-AUT-F0184

A P R . 2 0 1 4

Safa Matin | Sr. System & Software Engineer

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External Use 1

Agenda

• Small Engine Control - Analog Solutions

− Freescale analog small engine controllers:

MC33812 – Low-end single cylinder

MC33813 – Mid-range single cylinder

MC33814 – Mid-range dual cylinder

Comparison of all three analog circuits

Packaging options (SiP)

Microcomputer options

− Evaluation boards and reference designs

SiP

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External Use 2

Small Engine Control Solutions

• Magneto/Carburetor

− Advantages: Lowest cost, mature, reliable, well known and

understood

− Disadvantages: Fixed spark, cold start problem, low efficiency

• Capacitive Discharge (CDI)/ Carburetor

− Advantages: Good spark, relatively low cost

− Disadvantages: Fixed spark, cold start problem, low efficiency

• Transistor (TCI)/ E-Carburetor

− Advantages: Microcontroller provides adjustable spark,

moderate cost

− Disadvantages: Needs battery, may be open loop on fuel

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External Use 3

Small Engine Control Solutions

• Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)

− Advantages: Programmable fuel and spark, closed loop with O2 sensor,

can reduce emissions, higher efficiency

− Disadvantages: Higher cost, complexity, development time

• Direct Fuel Injection (DFI)

− Advantages: Programmable fuel and spark, closed loop with O2 sensor,

can reduce emissions, higher efficiency

− Disadvantages: Highest cost, complexity, development time

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External Use 4

Engine Temp

Accelerator

Position

Inlet Air

Temp

Manifold

pressure

ADC

VCC (+5V)

Regulator

Reset

Power

ISO9141

SCI

CAN

I/O

Clutch

Sidestand

O2 sensor

Watchdog

Tilt

SPI

INTR. Timers

MCU

S12P /

S12XS

+5V

MC33812

Smart MOS8MV

MC33812 for One Cylinder Low End ECU

CAN

Crankshaft sensor

VRS input

Fuel

Injector

Pre-Driver

Driver

IGBT or Darlington

coil driver

Driver P

ara

llel

2.0A

1.0A

MIL

Lamp

Fuel

Pump Driver 2.0A

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External Use 5

ECU Using MC33813 (Single Cyl) or MC33814 (Dual Cyl)

Fuel

Injectors

Inlet Air

Temp

Manifold

pressure

ADC

Pre-

Regulator

SMOS

Driver *

Pre-Driver *

Driver

Reset Power

MCU

Driver

ISO9141

CAN

SCI

CAN

SPI

I/O

Clutch

Sidestand

O2 sensor

Watchdog

IGBT coil

drivers

Driver

Pre-Driver SPI

Pa

ralle

l

Pre-Driver

Relay

Driver

2A

1.3A

1.3A

1A

Crankshaft sensor

VRS input INTR.

1A 50 mA

Sensor

Regulator

100 mA

Sensors

Timers

VCC

Regulator

MIL

Lamp

Tilt

Engine

Temp

Accelerator

Position

O2 sensor

heater

Diag/Cluster

Battery

Fuel

Pump

Ignition

Keyswitch

Logic

Tachometer

Driver

200 mA

* = Available on MC33814

. (Not available on MC33813)

Note: Both support VRS output internally

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External Use 6

MC33813, MC33814 Low Side Drivers

All low side drivers have similar features:

(INJ1, INJ2, REL1, REL2, TACH, LAMP)

• Output control via parallel input or SPI input (logic OR or AND)

• Can be PWM with internal PWM or external PWM, or frequency

• Protected against short to battery, over current and over temperature

• Can detect open load (OL) or short to ground (SG) faults

• OL current sink and SG current source can be turned off via SPI

• Can either shut down output or retry on fault, selectable in SPI

• All faults communicated to MCU via SPI

• Can be set to ignore in-rush current, selectable in SPI

• Each low side driver has its own SPI configuration, control & status register

• All SPI registers can be read and written to by the MCU

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External Use 7

MC33813, MC33814 Tachometer Driver

Three different modes of operation:

1) Outputs same signal as VRSOUT only divided by ‘N’

− Where N=1 to 31 selectable in SPI Configuration Register

− Can drive up to a 50 ma. meter movement

2) Low Side Driver controlled by SPI with PWM

− Useful when MCU controls RPM output to meter

− Can be used as speedometer driver or other meter function

− Can be used as a general purpose LED driver with dimming

3) Outputs a fixed frequency from 10 HZ to 100 KHz (8 different

values)

− Useful for implementing CDI high voltage generator

− Can provide external frequency source for other PWM applications

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External Use 8

MC33813, MC33814 Pre-Drivers

All three pre-drivers have similar features:

(IGN1, IGN2, O2Heater)

• Any pre-driver can be used as ignition or general purpose gate drive (GPGD)

• Ignition pre-drivers drive IGBTs, and GPGD pre-drivers drive MOSFETs

• Output control via parallel input or SPI input (logic OR or AND)

• Can be PWM’d with internal PWM or external PWM, or frequency

• Protected against short to battery and over current

• Can detect open load (OL)

• OL current sink can be turned off via SPI

• Can shut down output or retry on fault, selectable in SPI

• All faults annunciated to MCU via SPI

• Each pre-driver has its own SPI configuration, control & status register

• All SPI registers can be read and written to by the MCU

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External Use 9

MC33813, MC33814 Voltage Regulators

6.5 V Pre-Regulator and Two 5V Regulators:

• Pre-regulator uses external PNP so output current required

determines size of external transistor and package type

• One 5V regulator for MCU VCC supply up to 200 mA

• One 5V regulator tracks VCC +/- 20 mV up to 100 mA

− Protected against short to battery, ground, over temperature

− Can be controlled by MCU

Pre-

regulator

(6.5V) VPWR

Regulator

(5V) To MCU

Tracking

Regulator

(5V)

To Sensors

VPPREF

VPPSENS VCC

VPROT

(200 ma)

(100 ma)

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External Use 10

MC33813, MC33814 ISO-9141 Communications Interface

• Converts serial logic input and output to ISO-9141 bidirectional data

• Used to send diagnostic fault codes to external test unit

• Translates 5 Volt unidirectional serial data to 12 Volt bidirectional

data

• Protected against short to battery, ground, and over temperature

MCU ISO-9141

MTX Transmitted Data

Received Data MRX

SO

SI

5 V

12 V

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External Use 11

MC33813, MC33814 Watchdog Timer

The watchdog (WD) timer is a circuit that is used to automatically detect software problems, if any occur, and reset the MCU. It is based on a counter that counts down from some initial value to zero. The MCU’s embedded software selects the counter's initial value and periodically reloads it. If the counter ever reaches zero before the software reloads it, the software is presumed to be hung-up and the MCU’s reset signal is asserted.

MCU Watchdog

Timer

Reload Timer

• Set initial time

• Set temporary time

• Reload timer

• Read timer value

RESET Reset

SPI

SPI Time out

MC33813/MC33814

Clock

• Initial WD timer value set by MCU via write to WD

SPI Configuration Register

• MCU continues to reload this time by writing 80H to

the WD SPI Control Register, periodically

• MCU can change the WD timer value temporarily by

writing a new value to the WD SPI Control Register

• MCU can read the currently set timer value from the

WD SPI Status Register

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External Use 12

MC33813, MC33814 VRS Input Circuit

Variable

Threshold

Comparator

Zero

Threshold

Comparator

Threshold

DAC

(4 Bits)

+

+

_

_

VCC

VCC

SPI VRS

Threshold

value

DEGLITCH

FILTER

1% of previous

output pulse up

time or Zero

DEGLITCH

FILTER

1% of previous

output pulse up

time or Zero

Q

QSET

CLR

S

R

VRSO

UT

External

Circuitry

VCC

15KO

15KO

1 nF

VRSN

VRSPBLANKING FILTER

BLANKING FILTER

OUTPUT PULSE UP-

TIME COUNTER

BLANKING

COUNTER (N/32)

(4 Bits)

VRSOUT

SPI VRS

Blanking

value

4 MHz

Typical external circuitry

The logic can set the

comparator threshold value

manually from a value stored in

the SPI Control or

Configuration Register or

automatically based on a

percentage of the amplitude of

last pulse received.

The logic can set the Blanking

time value manually from values

stored in the SPI Configuration or

Control Registers or

automatically based on the time

of the last high pulse received.

A Peak Detector determines

the amplitude of the signal

from the VRS and provides it to

the MCU via the status

register.

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External Use 13

MC33813, MC33814 Key Switch Logic

Three Power Control Signals: • KEYSW: Input that turns on MC33813, MC33814 circuit, issues Power On

RESET

• BATSW: Logic Output to MCU to tell it if the KEYSW is on or off

• PWREN: SPI bit set by the MCU to keep MC33813, MC33814 on if KEYSW goes off

− The purpose of the Key Switch logic is to control the start-up and the shut-down of ECU and motorcycle electrical power

− The KEYSW turns on the power and the PWREN bit from the MCU turns it off

− BATSW tells the MCU when the KEYSW has been turned off

− The MCU turns off the power by setting the PWREN bit low

− The BATSW signal can also be used to turn on/off an LED and the Relay 2 output when a power relay is needed. When Relay 2 output is used for a power relay it can also be kept on after KEYSW goes low by setting the Shutdown Disable bit via SPI.

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External Use 14

Function MC33812 MC33813 MC33814 Comments

Injector Driver(s) One (2A) One (1.3A) Two (1.3A,1.3A)

Relay/Other Driver(s) One (2A) Two (2A, 1A) Two (2A, 1A) Fuel pump, relays,

fan, canister, etc.

Lamp Driver One (1A) One (1A) One (1A)

Tachometer Driver None One (50mA)* One (50mA)* *low side

LED Driver None One (30mA)++ One (30mA)++ ++high side

Ignition Pre-Driver(s) One-

One--

Two--

- IGBT Only

-- IGBT &

Darlington

O2 Heater Pre-Driver None One One IGBT/MOSFET

VRS Input Circuit None One One

Voltage Regulator(s) One 5V Two 5Vw Two 5Vw w With pre-regulator

Watchdog Yes Yes Yes

Keyswitch Logic None Yes Yes

ISO-9141 One One One

MCU Communication Parallel Parallel & SPI Parallel & SPI

Small Engine Analog Circuit - Comparison of Functions

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External Use 15

SiP (System In Package)

9S12P96, 9S12P128

9S12XS128, 9S12XS256

LQFP-64

12 mm X 12 mm

0.5 mm pin pitch

MM912IP812, MM912JP812 (S12P)

MM912JS812,MM912KS812 (S12XS)

LQFP-100-EP

14 mm x14 mm

0.5 mm pin pitch

MC33812

SOICW-32-EP

7.5 mm x 11 mm

0.65 mm pin pitch

MCU

Analog

MM912xS812

Up to 20% board space saving

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External Use 16

MC33812 MC33813 MC33814 MM912xP812

• SOICW-32-EP

• 7.5 mm x 11 mm

• 0.65 mm pin pitch

• LQFP-48-EP

• 7 mm x 7 mm

• 0.5 mm pin pitch

• LQFP-48-EP

• 7 mm x 7 mm

• 0.5 mm pin pitch

• LQFP-100-EP

• 14 mm x14 mm

• 0.5 mm pin pitch

MM912xS812

• LQFP-100-EP

• 14 mm x14 mm

• 0.5 mm pin pitch

Small Engine / Powertrain Analog Circuits Packages

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External Use 17

Small Engine Product Portfolio - Engine Controllers

Development EcoSystem

MC33812 EVB

MC33812

Ref Design

MM912_812 (SiP)

Ref Design

MC33813,

MC33814,

EVB

Hardware Development Tools • MC33812 EVB and Reference Design • MM912_812 (SiP) Reference Design • MC33813 EVB • MC33814 EVB • Available now at www.freescale.com/smallengine

Software Development Tools • FSL CodeWarrior • Freescale ECU application code (EFI) • Available now at: www.freescale.com/smallengine

Relevant Application Notes: • AN4258: Serial Bootloader for S12(X) Microcontrollers Based on 180nm Technology • AN3961: EEPROM Emulation for the MC9S12XS and MC9S12P Families Using AN2302 as a Reference • AN3937: MC9S12P-Family Demonstration Lab Training • For more information please contact: • Majid Eshaghi. majid.eshaghi@freescale.com • Safa Matin, safa.matin@freescale.com

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© 2014 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc. | External Use

www.Freescale.com