HANDLING OF PACKAGED DANGEROUS GOODS IN

SPSB PORTS

Prepared by HSE DepartmentRecord of update: Version 1.0, 20070110- Wong TF, Felicity

V1.1 20070227-Wong TFV1.2 20071029-Wong TF, Azrinah V1.3 20080502 – Wong TF, Azrinah

OBJECTIVE• To provide basic understanding of packaged

dangerous goods handled by SPSB to the users and SPSB staff.

• To make aware the responsibility and obligation in handling the packaged dangerous goods.

• To brief the guidelines for the handling of packaged dangerous goods in Sabah ports.

SCOPE• Background• International and National governing legislations

and documents• Dangerous goods and classes• Packaging• Identification, marking, labelling and placarding• Responsibility and obligation• Emergency procedures

Danger Of The Dangerous Goods

Members of the Poplar Bluff Regional Haz-Mat team joined members of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources' Environmental Emergency Response unit to inspect a chemical spill at a Poplar Bluff Elementary School.

In this incident, emergency responders apply chemical foam to a chemical tank truck involved in a roadway accident. The foam is used to suppress a possible explosion or fire.

2005 An accident involving mixed chemicals sent flames 30ft high.Two tractor-trailers - one hauling toxic chemicals - and a pickup

collided near Kingsport at Interstate 81's Exit 63. Some of the chemicals caught fire, sending flames 10m (30 feet) into the air with a cloud of grey smoke that could be seen for miles. The driver of the truck carrying the chemicals suffered serious burns and was flown by helicopter to hospital. Kingsport Police Department Patrolman Burk Murray said four motorists stopped to try and help after the wreck, but the fire's intensity kept them from reaching the trucker. He was able to get himself out of the truck and followed their directions to escape the flames."They kept talking to him to get him out through the flames," Murray said.

Authorities said they were uncertain about the type of chemicals that caught fire, so they pulled back and let the blaze burn itself out. The Deputy Fire Chief said the truck contained five different chemicals, including two polymers and others containing formaldehyde in 86 barrels that were 55 gallons each, along with pallets of other chemicals: "These chemicals are bad enough alone and we're not sure yet what got mixed." Fire officials and the city's hazardous materials team used foam to finally extinguish what remained of the blaze just after 19:00. The fire damaged the road surface, and Tennessee Department of Transportation officials planned to repave that section of the roadway once the vehicles were moved.

WHY IS IT VERY IMPORTANT TO HAVE DANGEROUS GOODS

MANAGEMENT IN PORT?

…...............................

IMPORTANCE OF DANGEROUS GOODS MANAGEMENT IN PORT

• Ports as part of the transportation chain– Different modes of transport meet - sea-going traffic and inland (river,

rail and highway) – Each mode may be subject to various legislative/regulatory

requirements, safety practices and supervisory body– There may be overlapping jurisdiction/standards as well as the

potentials for gaps in jurisdiction/standards.

• International nature of ports– Operators, ships and cargoes from different countries

• Ports are large, complex entities – Fixed installations - terminals, warehouses, and repair/maintenance

facilities – Hazardous substances are transferred, used, handled or stored.

IMPORTANCE OF DANGEROUS GOODS MANAGEMENT IN PORT [CONT.]

• Port tend to be located near large, densely populated areas and sensitive environments (historical reason)

• Cargo transfer and handling operations continuously take place in ports.

• Variety of employers in ports - differing management structures and attitudes towards safety.

• Greater likelihood of the use of casual labour than at fixed installations.

• The ship-shore interface creates the potential, on an operational level, for a conflict of interest between environmental protection and marine safety.

• Land use planning decisions (within and outside)• Packaging, labeling, documentation, packing and placarding or

marking of CTUs

GOVERNING LEGISLATIONS & DOCUMENTS FOR MALAYSIAN

PORTS– Sabah Ports Authority Enactment, 1981 including

subsidiary legislations made thereunder. – Occupational Safety and Health Act, 1994 and Regulations.– Factories and Machinery Act, 1967 and Regulations.– Environment Quality Act, 1974 and Regulations– Petroleum (safety Measure) Act 1984– International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Codes,

latest amendment as adopted by Malaysia.– Recommendations on the safe transport of dangerous

cargoes and related activities in port areas.– Guidelines for The Handling of Packaged Dangerous

Goods in Sabah Ports

WHY IMDG CODE?

WHY IMDG CODE

• The need for international agreements for handling of dangerous goods is important in view of the severity of damage caused by dangerous goods.– Ship crews affected in 1974 by arsine cylinder leak were unable

to work after 20 years– On 2 March 1991, an explosion, caused by unidentified chemical

substances, occurred in the Dangerous Goods Warehouse of Bangkok Port. The accident caused losses of life, cargoes, properties and damage to the environment estimated at US$8 million.

– In 1992, it took six days to clean a container ship, POL East, contaminated by leaking of fungicide containers.

– In 2000, some fireworks were misclassified and stored in wrong place. Later an explosion of the fireworks lead to massive damage to the town of Enschede, in Holland

WHAT ARE DANGEROUS GOODS?

• Dangerous goods have the potential to cause immediate harm to people, property and the environment due to the possibility of a fire, explosion, release of toxic, flammable, or corrosive materials during a storage or handling incident.

IMO DEFINITION OF DANGEROUS GOODS

Means any of the following cargoes, whether packaged, carried in bulk packagings or in bulk within the scope of the following regulations:

• oils covered by Annex I of MARPOL 73/78;• gases covered by the Codes for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying

Liquefied Gases in Bulk;• noxious liquid substances/chemicals, including wastes covered by the Codes for the

Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk and Annex II of MARPOL 73/78;

• dangerous, hazardous and harmful substances, materials and articles including environmentally hazardous substances (marine pollutants) and wastes, covered by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code; and

• solid bulk materials possessing chemical hazards and solid bulk materials hazardous only in bulk (MHBs), including wastes, covered by Appendix B of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes.

– The term dangerous goods included any empty uncleaned packagings (such as tank-containers, receptacles, intermediate bulk containers (IBCs), bulk packagings, portable tanks or tank vehicles) which previously contained dangerous goods, unless the packagings have been sufficiently cleaned of residue of the dangerous goods and purged of vapours so as to nullify any hazard or has been filled with a non-dangerous substance.

CLASSES OF DANGEROUS GOODS

CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS

GOODS (DG)

IMDG CODE(Shows the

Properties of DG)

SPA CLASS(Shows the degree

of danger & Port Acceptance Purpose)

IMDG CLASS 1: EXPLOSIVES

• Rapid burning of a substance in the presence of oxygen

• Resulting gaseous products expand rapidly and cause explosion

IMDG CLASS 2 : GASES• Substance that has a vapour pressure greater

than 300 kPa at 50˚C or is completely gaseous at 20˚C at atmospheric pressure.

• Four states– Compressed– Liquefied– Refrigerated liquefied– Solution

Class 2.3: Toxic gasesE.g.: Chlorine, ammonia

Class 2.2: Non-flammable, non-toxic gasesE.g.: Argon, oxygen, nitrogen

Class 2.1: Flammable gases E.g.: LP gas, acetylene

IMDG CLASS 3 : FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS

• Liquid with a flashpoint of 61˚C or below.

• Include substance transport as a liquid at an elevated temperature at or above its flashpoint even if the flash point is above 61˚C.

• All flammable liquids have a narcotic effect if inhaled.

• Example: petrol, kerosene.

IMDG CLASS 4 : FLAMMABLE SOLIDS

– Readily combustible solids which if ignited can rapidly spread the resulting fire (e.g.: celluloid)

– Solids which may catch fire through friction which can produce sufficient heat energy to ignite the substance (e.g. matches)

– Self-reactive solids and liquids and substances related to them. These are thermally unstable molecules which if heated will undergo a strongly exothermic decomposition reaction and some will burn vigorously. Typical self reactive substances contain nitrogen. Some self-reactive substances need to be temperature controlled during storage and transport.

– Desensitized explosives. These are explosives which are wetted with water or alcohol or diluted with other substances to suppress their explosive properties (e.g.: mixtures containing between 2% and 10% nitro-glycerine).

Class 4.1 – Flammable solidsE.g.: SULFUR, NITROCELLULOSE WITH ALCOHOL

IMDG CLASS 4 : FLAMMABLE SOLIDS [CONT.]

Pyrophoric substances. These are substances (including mixtures and solutions) which even in small quantities will spontaneously ignite due to the rate of heat produced during the reaction with oxygen in the air exceeding the rate at which heat produced during the reaction with oxygen in the air exceeding the rate at which heat can be removed. The overall effect is that the substances is raised to its auto-ignition temperature and thus catches fire. Ignition occurs within five minutes of exposure. Typical examples of spontaneously combustible substances are some finely divided metal powders and metal catalyst.

• Self-heating substances. These are substances which will only auto-ignite when stored for long periods of time 9hours or days) in large (kg) amounts. Carbon powder and some vegetable fibres are liable to self-heating.

• E.g. : Activated carbon, copra

Class 4.2: Self Igniting Solids

IMDG CLASS 5 : SUBSTANCES CONTAINING OXYGEN

Class 5.1 Oxidizing substances

» Substances that liberate oxygen during thermal decomposition.

» They increase the risk and intensity of fire and make it difficult to extinguish.

Class 5.2 Organic peroxides

• Relates to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) but one or both H replaced by organic molecules.

• Very strong oxidizers• Some are thermally unstable even at normal transport

temperature• Decomposition by temperature rise or even by the

presence of impurities• Reaction is exothermic, sometimes explosive, may evolve harmful or flammable gas

IMDG CLASS 6 : TOXIC SUBSTANCES (TOXIC AND INFECTIOUS SUBSTANCES)

Class 6.1 – Toxic substances

Substances assigned to 6.1 are known from experience or by test to cause death or serious injury to human by poisoning.

Class 6.1 – Toxic substances

Cultures of biological micro-organisms that are known or reasonably expected to cause infectious disease in humans or in animals. In case of damage or leakage immediately notify Public Health Authority.

Clinical waste is included.

IMDG CLASS 7 : RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

• Major hazard – may damage external or internal body tissue by the effect of invisible radiation.

• Heat emission• Examples: uranium cobalt, plutonium

Class 7 Labels

IMDG CLASS 8 : CORROSIVE SUBSTANCES

• Acidic, will form acids on contact with moisture or are basic.

• Cause damage to living tissue and/or corrosion to the metal structures of ships.

• Examples: Battery acids (sulfuric acid), Caustic soda (use for bleaching, water industry)

IMDG CLASS 9 : MISCELLANEOUS DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES AND ARTICLES

• Include substances not within the last eight classes but sufficiently dangerous to be included in the code

• Substances likely to cause cancer after even a single exposure like asbestos

• Irritants and allergens like benzaldehyde• Fire risk• Asphyxiants• Marine pollutant• Some examples: lithium batteries, dry

ice, asbestos

Port Classification

Class IV goods discharged on to a wharf shall, if not immediately removed from the port area, be stored in such place and in such manners as directed by SPANitrogen, Refrigerated Liquid, Potassium Nitrate

CLASS IV

Class III goods discharged on to a wharf shall be, as directed by SPA, immediately removed, (IIIr) or stored in a godown or space set aside for the storage of dangerous goods. They shall be loaded immediately upon arrival alongside the vessel concerned.E.g. : III - Isopropanol (Isopropyl Alcohol), IIIr - Hexanes (F.P.> or = -18ºC)

CLASS III

Class II goods can only be unloaded or loaded by direct transit from vessel to vessel without being deposited on or passed over a wharf, and with such conditions as directed by SPA.E.g. :Petroleum Distillates, NOS or Petroleum Products, NOS (F.P.< -18ºC), Hexanes (F.P.< -18ºC)

CLASS II

No dangerous goods under this class can be landed at any SPSB’S wharf, except with such condition and in such place as directed by SPA.E.g. : PROPIONALDEHYDE, BLASTING POWDER, PENTANE, liquid

CLASS I

Dangerous Goods included in the Third schedule in SPA Regulation are divided into the following classes:

CLASSIFICATION FOR PORT ACCEPTANCE PURPOSE (THIRD SCHEDULE, SPA ENACTMENT)

For Port acceptance:

√Class IV

√ but direct deliveryClass IIIr

√Class III

XClass II

XClass I

COMPARISON OF SPA & IMDG CLASSES

3IIIPerfumery, Lotions, Liquid Cosmetics in Alcoholic etc. Solutions (UN No. 1266)

3Alcoholic Beverages (UN No. 3065)8IVOleum (Un No. 1831)

2.2IVOxygen (UN No. 1072) Not mentionedIIICyanide (UN 1588)

9Not mentionedLithium Batteries (UN 3090)4.3IIIrCalcium Carbide (UN 1402)4.3IVCopra (UN 1363)

4.2IVCarbon-Charcoal or Carbon black (UN 1361 or UN 1362)

2.3IIIrCarbon Monoxide, Compressed (UN 1016)3IIAcetone (UN No. 1090)

2.1IVOxygen refrigerated Liquid (UN 1073)IMDG ClassSPA ClassMaterial

ALWAYS REMEMBER THAT SPA CLASS & IMDG CODE ARE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS!

PACKAGING• All dangerous goods shall be packaged in

accordance with the IMO/ILO Guidelines for Packing Cargo in Freight Containers or Vehicles or any other national or International requirement applicable to the mode of transport to ensure high degree of safety. – Drum– Bulkbag– Container– ISO tank container

IDENTIFICATION, MARKING, LABELLING OR PLACARDING

• All dangerous goods shall be properly identified, marked, labelled or placarded so as to comply with the appropriate provisions of the IMDG code, and relevant national or international safety requirements.

PROPER SHIPPING NAME (PSN) -

• Examples :– UN 0209 - Trinitrotoluene (TNT)– UN 1223 - Kerosene– UN 1993 - Flammable liquid N.O.S.– UN 3175 - Solids containing flammable liquids N.O.S.

126310901830

10463018

Paint or Paint Related MaterialAcetone (Acetone Solutions)Sulphuric Acid with more than 51% acidHelium CompressedOrganophosphorus Pesticide, Liquid, Toxic

PaintAcetoneBattery Acid

HeliumPesticide

UN NoPSNTrade Name

UN NUMBER-

• Numerical (XXXX) system to overcome language barriers

• Currently about 3000 numbers allocated. Against estimated >60,000 dangerous chemicals

MARKING• Proper Shipping Name• UN number, preceded by “UN”• Example, for caprylyl chloride, the marking

is

CORROSIVE LIQUID, ACIDIC, ORGANIC, N.O.S (Caprylyl chloride) UN3265

MARKING [cont.]

SPECIAL PROVISION FOR RADIOACTIVE MATERIALS

•Identification of consignor or consignee, or both, marked on outside•Certain package types must have trefoil symbol on the outside

•Other provisions

MARKING [cont.]

SPECIAL PROVISION FOR MARINE POLLUTANT

IMDG LABEL

•Identify danger, primary and subsidiary risk•Conform to specified colour, symbols, numbers and general format•Minimum 100mm by 100mm square, 45 deg. diamond shape.•E.g. different classes of IMDG

IMDG LABEL [Cont.] ORIENTATION

PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT

UNITS [Cont.]

PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT

UNITS [Cont.]

FUMIGATION WARNING SIGN

PLACARDING AND MARKING OF CARGO TRANSPORT

UNITS [cont.] ELEVATED TEMPERATURE MARK

RESPONSIBILITY OF VESSEL MASTER, CONSIGNEE AND/OR

FORWARDING AGENT

Responsibility of the vessel master, consignee and/or the forwarding agent:

– Advance notification– Advice precautionary handling measures– Ensure proper identification & packing– Inform any damage to the packaged DG– Inform any accident in association with the

dangerous goods– Provide personal protective equipment

and clothing for their personnel

Class 4

Agent submits Form A & Manifest to PM office 36 hrs before arrival

DG?

Submit notification of DG Form, MSDS to Safety Officer

Copy extended to HSE Department & PM for reference.

Normal Operation ProcedureNo

Yes

Class of DG

Class 1 Class 2 Class 3

Deposit on or over wharf

Submit cargo handling & storage details (IMDS Code) to Safety

Officer where requested

Operation (mid stream) commences & proceeds

till completion

Accept Cargo?

Operation Commences

Packaging & labeling in compliance?

Packaging not damage?

Operation proceeds till completion

Operation suspended & cargo removed from port

Cargo rejected

AppealNo

NoYes

Yes

Yes

Yes

SPSB

DG

OPE

RA

TIO

N

FLO

W C

HA

RT

ADVANCE NOTIFICATION• SPSB must be notified not less than 36 hours in advance

of the dangerous goods entering the port area.• Fumigants (and associated fumigation activity) are also

subject to dangerous goods procedure. • The notification must be made by submitting the Safety

Officer the followings:• Manifest• Form A• Notification of Dangerous Goods form• Chemical Safety Data Sheet / Material Safety Data Sheet.

ADVICE SPSB ON PRECAUTIONARY HANDLING MEASURES

• Information on safe handling and storage can be obtained from the Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS)*.

*Some legislation used the term Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). However, CSDS and MSDS refer to the same subject.

WHAT IS CHEMICAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (CSDS)?

• Many chemical used in industries are harmful to health. Some are flammable while others can be toxic, corrosive or even radioactive.

• CSDS provides such information for the safe use of hazardous substances, as well as emergency actions should any accident occurs.

• The CSDS provides employers, self-employed persons, workers and other health and safety representatives with the necessary information to safely manage the risk from hazardous substance exposure.

CSDS (M’SIA LEGAL REQUIREMENT)

In Malaysia, it is governed by Occupational Safety and Health (Classification, Packaging and Labelling of Hazardous Chemical) Regulations 1997. (Also known as OSH (CPL) Regulations 1997)

DUTY TO SUPPLY CSDS

• OSH (CPL) Regulations, Section 9 (1):– Duty of supplier to furnish an up-to-date

CSDS for each hazardous chemical supplied.

Who is supplier?“means a person who supplies chemical and

includes a formulator, a manufacturer, an importer or a distributor.

• OSH (CPL) Regulations 1997, Section 9 (2): CSDS shall contain the following information:

a) Chemical Product and Company Identificationb) Information on Ingredientc) Hazard Identification d) First Aid Measuree) Fire Fighting Measuresf) Accident Release Measures g) Handling and Storageh) Exposure Central and Personal Protectioni) Physical and Chemical Properties j) Stability and Reactivityk) Toxicological Informationl) Ecological Informationm) Disposal Informationn) Transport Information

RESPONSIBILITY TO REVIEW CSDS

• OSH (CPL) Regulations 1997, Section 9 (3):– Duty of supplier to review and revise the CSDS when:

• a change in formulation which:– affects the hazardous properties of the substance– alters the form, appearance or mode of application of the

substance• a change to the hazardous substance which alters its health and/or

safety hazard or risk• new health and/or safety information on the hazardous substance such

as exposure standard changes or a substance previously considered not harmful is now established to be harmful (e.g. carcinogenic)

• at least every five years.

ACTION ON DAMAGED DG PACKAGES

• All damaged dangerous good packages must be notified to SPSB and removed from the port area following necessary safety measures.

INFORM SPSB OF ANY ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RELATED TO DG

• Any person in charge of DG must inform the nearest SPSB Security personnel and HSEO on any DG related incident/accident.– Accident– Near miss– Release/spillage

• The person in charge must immediately cause the operation to be stopped if it is safe to do so.

INFORM SPSB OF ANY ACCIDENT/INCIDENT RELATED TO

DG [CONT.]• During emergency response action, all parties

must render their cooperation by:– Providing the quantities and technical details of the

DG.– providing the necessary information on measures to

be taken to deal with the incident.– Providing the details of the accident including the

cause and the damage tot eh property and environment and injury to people.

PROVIDE PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) AND CLOTHING

TO THEIR PERSONNEL• OSHA 1994, Part IV, Section 15: Duty of every

employer and self employed person to ensure, so far as is practicable, the safety, health and welfare of all his employees.

This includes providing PPE.

• Contravention to the provision: maximum fine RM50,000 or 2 years imprisonment or both.

HOW TO DETERMINE THE RIGHT PPE?

To determine the right type of PPE, the routes of entry, means of exposure and physical property of chemical should be considered.

Eating, drinking and swallowing

e.g.: Splashing of chemical, improper hygiene practice, inhalation-respiratory tract-swallowed

Ingestion

Hand gloveImpervious clothingGoggles

Passing through the skin or eyese.g.: Organic oil, fine metals

Absorption

RespiratorDust maskSCBA

Breathing in through the mouth or nose into lunge.g.: Dust, gas, vapour, fumes

Inhalation

Examples of type of PPEDescriptionRoutes of entry

EMERGENCY PROCEDURE

Emergency response workers are especially at risk. In 1988 six firemen were killed minutes after arriving at the scene of two burning pick-up trucks in Missouri, when more than 30,000 pounds of ammonium nitrate stored in a nearby trailer exploded. This incident led to the formation of the hazardous materials division of the Kansas City, Missouri, Fire Department, specializing in hazardous materials handling.

Risk

WHAT TO DO IN TIME OF EMERGENCY?

• Try to remember the PSN, UN Number and DG Class.

• Details of incident• Location • Time• Who and how many people equipment involved• Owner of property• Pollution?• Extent of damage and injury.

Compliance with the IMDG Code is the way to avoid accidents

If you cannot comply

DO NOT SHIP