Date Time3/2 830

Date Time3/4 900 & 1300

2/29 900 & 13003/1 900 & 1300

Date Time3/13 9003/9 1300

3/10 1300Date Time

Date TimeInstructor(s): 3/29 900

3/31 19003/18 9003/25 9003/28 9003/30 900

3/15 3/16 3/17

INVESTIGATOR

UPCOMING EVENTS

7. Carbon Monoxide Toxicity

INSPECTONS

6. In-Line Eductor

Residential Natural Gas Systems

4. Incident Action Plans

MAKE-UP TRAININGSB-Shift: SLICE-RS (3/7 @ 1300)A-Shift: Hazmat Refresher (3/11 @ 1300)

5. Residential Natural Gas Systems

QUICK DRILLS1. Project Mayday

3. SCBA Transfill & Buddy Breathing2. SOG 231 & 232

3/22

Location: CTC Door #2

Session 1: E21, E22, E24, M25, B2 Session 2: E23, E25, T21, M21, B4 Yellow: Part-Time

Session 2: E23/E25/T21/M21/B4

Huth

900 & 1300

Training GroundsTopic: Mega Codes

EMS CLASSROOMTopic(s): Firefighter Survival/Rescue

3/24

900 & 1300900 & 1300

3/23

3/21

Session 1: E21/E22/E24/M25/B2

MARCH 2016 TRAINING PACKET

OPERATIONS MEETINGQUARTERLY TRAINING OUTLOOK

Location:TRAINING GROUNDS MONTHLY DRILL

COMMAND TRAINING

TRT (MONTHLY DRILL)

January: CTC/Training Ground Drill: SLICE-RS Classroom; EMS: CPR Refresher; Officer: Tenzinga Update; TRT Quarterly; Quick Drills; Company Drills

February: CTC/Training Ground Drill: Hamat Refresher; Driver Training: IN-TIME; EMS: Station Drills; TRT: Monthly Drill; Quick Drills; Company Drills

March: CTC/Training Ground Drill: Firefighter Rescue; EMS: Mega Codes; TRT Monthly Drill; Officer: Blue Card Sims; Quick Drills; Company Drills

Location: CTC Doors 2-3Instructor(s): Blue Card Instructors

Instructor(s): St. 23 Captains

Location: CTC Door #2

Location: CTC Door #2

Topic: Grain Bin Review

CLAY FIRE TRAINING WEBSITEwww.clayfiretraining.com

1900

Instructor(s): EMS Captains

3/31

1800

COMPANY DRILLS

3

4

Handline ReviewFoam Eductor

NIOSH Report Review

Task Manual Hands-On

1

2

QI Sessions: Tuesday, March 8th @ 0900 (MHSB) Wednesday, March 9th @ 1900 (SJRMC) Wednesday, March 30th @ 0900 (MHSB) Thursday, March 31st @ 0900 (SJRMC)

 

It is critical that each shift you work, you spend some time with your crew doing a drill. The topics listed below are just suggestions but you can do whatever you want. Each drill below contains some objectives to ensure that the drill is not too time consuming. If you have any ideas, please forward those to DC Huth. Drill #1: Handline Review Objective 1: List the different hose and lengths of each type of hose carried on Clay Fire apparatus. Objective 2: Correctly identify the GPM delivered by each line. Objective 3: Identify the correct discharge pressure for each line. Objective 4: Identify the different situations when you would choose one line over another line. Drill #2: Foam Eductor Objective 1: Remove your foam eductor from your apparatus and perform an inspection and routine maintenance on this piece of equipment. Objective 2: Practice the setup of the eductor and flow a line using an eductor. (You don’t need foam to do this, a bucket of water will suffice. Objective: Be able to correctly verbalize the setup of the equipment, know the correct lengths, flow, and pressures of the eductor. Drill #3: NIOSH Report Review Objective 1: Read the report HERE and discuss the events that lead up to this fatality. Objective 2: Review the roadway safety guidelines identified in Clay Fire SOG’s. Objective 3: Relate this LODD report to the IN-TIME training from last month and identify if there were things not done that might have been done otherwise if training such as the IN-TIME program had been completed. Objective 4: Discuss expectations of everyone on scene assuming you are the first apparatus on scene. What do you expect as an officer for apparatus placement? What do you expect of your firefighter? What do you expect of SJCPD or dispatch? Drill #4: Task Manual Video Review and Hands-On Objective 1: Watch and discuss 1 of the videos from the videos in the Clay Fire Task Manual. Objective 2: Have your crew go out and practice that skill. Objective 3: Discuss why that skill is important and when you would use it. Objective 4: Discuss if there are any other videos you would like to see completed that would benefit the department. All suggestions can be forwarded to DC Huth.

All videos can be found at www.clayfiretraining.com

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Scenarios

Scenario #1: You are working on the first floor of a two story residence when your firefighter falls to the ground. He is not conscious and you are unable to remove him from the hazard zone on your own. You call a mayday and you must formulate a plan to extricate him or her from the building. (At grade: unconscious firefighter) Scenario #2: You are working in the 2nd floor of a structure doing a search when you notice your company officer is no longer next to you. You hear a PASS alarm and make your way over to him. You check his air and see that he is low on air. You need to transfill the company officer with air and remove him from the structure. (Above grade: Conscious firefighter low on air) Scenario #3: Same scenario as above but your firefighter drops to the ground suddenly and you suspect a cardiac arrest. You declare a mayday and you must treat, package, and extricate the firefighter from the haz-ard zone. Upon exit, this firefighter needs immediate EMS care i.e. down firefighter CPR. (Above grade: Unconscious firefighter; cardiac arrest)

Topic: Firefighter Rescue / Mayday Operations

Description: Clay Fire Territory has spent a lot of time practicing self-survival procedures through the Fire Ground Survival Training Program. While these skills are critical to the firefighter having the mayday, it is also critical that RIT/On-Deck companies train on various skills to remove a firefighter from the hazard zone in the event of a mayday. During this training evolution, firefighters will practice various techniques to remove firefighters from 3 different location: at ground level, below grade (basement), and above grade. Lastly, all participants will review the firefighter down CPR.

Drill Location: Training tower

Schedule: A-Shift: Tuesday, March 22nd (900 & 1300) B-Shift: Wednesday, March 23rd (900 & 1300) C-Shift: Monday, March 21st (900 & 1300) Night Drill: Thursday, March 24th (1800)

Objectives: Correctly identify a mayday situation Properly transmit a mayday message (Who, What, Where,

and Needs) Mitigate the situation using the ICS system Treat, package, and remove the firefighter from the hazard

zone Utilize transfill or buddy breathing systems during the mayday Demonstrate how to perform the down firefighter CPR

Standards NFPA 1001: Standard for Firefighter Professional Qualifications NFPA 1407: Standard for Training Fire Service Rapid Intervention Crews NFPA 1410: Training for Initial Emergency Scene Operations Clay Fire Task Manual IAFF Fire Ground Survival Program

 

Scenario #4: You and your firefighter are working in the basement at a residence fire. The fire is out and you were in the middle of salvage and overhaul when your firefighter says he does not feel right then drops to the ground. You see that he is unconscious and you must extricate him from the basement. The basement only has glass block windows. (Below grade: Unconscious firefighter) Scenario #5: You and your crew are doing a primary search above a basement when a member of your crew (either firefighter or Captain) falls through the floor into the basement. You transmit a mayday for that member and you verify that the fallen firefighter is conscious. There is some fire in the back of the basement approximately 40 feet from the downed firefighter and the stairs are not an option to remove the firefighter. You must assist the firefighter out of the hole in the basement. (Below grade: Conscious firefighter)

Before You Come to Training….

Review this information with your crew Make sure all members are familiar with the procedures for calling a mayday Make sure all members are familiar with the equipment and correct operation of the on-deck bag Discuss different ways in which you would mitigate each scenario If you are stationed with a Battalion Chief, discuss the role of the IC and Division Officer (if in place)

during a mayday What can you expect from them and what should they expect from you?

The Mayday Project BY DONALD ABBOTT ON FEB 1, 2016

“Mayday! Mayday! Mayday!”—the three words no incident commander (IC) ever wants to hear. But what do we really know about maydays? Most of us have never experienced one, which relegates us to learning about them through articles or reports on the subject.

After I made this realization, I decided to do my own investigation into fire service maydays. What I found was that no one is really tracking them—why, when and how are they occurring, and what the has response been. So I decided to pursue this information on my own. Most maydays don’t get much attention unless they result in injuries or death. Therefore, there is not much information-sharing on the how, when and where they take place, or what the rescue results were. The more we know about maydays, the more we can tailor our training so that we can address the aspects of our job where firefighters are most in danger.

“Project Mayday” is born

We secured a private foundation grant to study maydays, calling our year-long endeavor “Project Mayday.” With the assistance of two individuals with PhDs in statistics and analytics—Dr. Venton Bennett and Dr. Jason Bebermeir—we assembled a three-part survey for departments wanting to report maydays. Our intent was to gather facts, not assumptions.

We obtained mayday information from departments in several different ways, and were assisted by state fire chief and firefighter associations. Both volunteer and career fire departments were surveyed, and each group’s information and results were kept separate. All the information received is confidential; we do not use department or individuals’ names. None of the information is shared without fire department permission.

Three components

The survey is divided into three components. Component 1 asks for general department information (type, size, apparatus, run figures, etc.). Component 2 deals with the actual mayday event (when, where, type and response). We also request reports, tactical worksheets, photos and audio tapes. As a result of Component 2, we’ve obtained more than 800 radio traffic tapes and 75 dashcam videos. Component 3 then asks for standard operating procedures (SOPs) and other similar guidelines used by the participants.

We will finish the project by forming a committee to make recommendations regarding the prevention of maydays and the improvement of our response to them.

The following information, for both career and volunteer departments, covers data gathered from the first nine months of the project.

Volunteer departments Department stats 271 departments from 29 states reported maydays 216 departments completed Component 1 177 departments completed Component 2 88 departments completed Component 3 Department size The size of the volunteer departments was based on information presented, roster size and activity (as determined by each department). Of the volunteer departments reporting, 31 percent had a membership of 46–55 members, and 20 percent had a membership of 36–45 members. Time maydays took place Most maydays in volunteer departments occurred between 0001 hrs and 0300 hrs (19 percent); others occurred between 2100 hrs and 2400 hrs (17 percent). The first unit on the scene was involved in 49 percent of maydays, and 77 percent of the time, the unit was an engine. Types of maydays The number one cause of maydays was medical issues, primarily heart attacks (22 percent), followed by getting lost or separated from hoselines (19 percent), and falls into the basement or stairway collapse during fires (14 percent). It should be noted that many volunteer fire departments had no SOPs dealing with radio communications, or when maydays should be called. Types of construction Volunteer fire department maydays most often took place in residential type structures (63 percent), followed by commercial structures (23 percent) and multi-residential/apartments (14 percent). Note: In the next report, we will break down volunteer and combination department information.

Career departments Department stats 831 departments from 47 states reported maydays 719 departments completed Component 1 539 departments completed Component 2 327 departments completed Component 3 (Note: Total number of maydays is 563.) Department size We broke down the size of career departments into nine sections. The largest number of reported maydays comes from career department with staffing from 51–100 personnel (22 percent) and 101–200 personnel (21 percent). Note: We only included personnel who were in firefighting positions. Time maydays took place Most maydays for reporting career departments took place between 0001 hrs and 0300 hrs (25 percent), followed by between 2100 hrs and 2400 hrs (21 percent) and 0300 hrs and 0600 hrs (19 percent). With more details in the final report, it should be noted that personnel who worked 48-hour shifts or overtime had a much higher than normal mayday occurrence in the last 12 hours of their shift as compared to a 24-hour shift. Types of maydays Most maydays occurred when a firefighter became lost or got separated from their hoseline (25 percent). The second and third most common causes involved falls through the roof (22 percent) and falls into basements and stairway collapse (21 percent). Alarming is the number of maydays dealing with low air (13 percent). Types of construction involved Residential type fires accounted for 53 percent of maydays, followed by multi-family apartments (22 percent) and commercial structures (25 percent). An issue that will be detailed in the final report is the stretching of lines of more than 250 feet into commercial structures, taking short cuts and not maintaining contact with the hoseline.

Rescue stats Following are the most recent statistics on who performed rescues during a mayday call for career and volunteer departments: Another interior crew: 39 percent Crew of the person who called mayday: 31 percent Self-rescue: 18 percent RIT/RIC: 11 percent It should be noted that many actual rescues did not have the required equipment to complete the rescue. All departments must be familiar with the types of rescue that may need to be performed and the equipment required to complete those rescues.

Problems observed Our project uncovered many important facts about maydays, the most important of which may be the issues that contribute to mayday situations. Following are items that plague both career and volunteer departments: No 360-degree size-ups were conducted. Crews waited too long to move from offensive to defensive operations. 36 percent of all maydays took place in vacant or abandoned buildings. ICs tried to handle both the firefight and the rescue, instead of giving up one or the other to another chief

or company officer. Firefighters changed radio channels too often. There is too much yelling and screaming over the radio. Many of the mayday victims express concerns after hearing who was coming in to make the rescue

(physical condition of RIC/RIT team member or general abilities). More information to come There’s a lot more information from the surveys than what we provided in this article. We also have information gathered from the IC and the person in charge of the rescue; observations about how to report a mayday over the radio; and the length of time it takes the IC to respond to the mayday. I believe that once all the surveys are completed, we will have a strong, realistic representation of mayday activities and therefore will be able to provide recommendations on how to prevent such events, as well as how to respond when they do occur. Until then, stay alert—stay safe. Donald Abbott retired from the fire service after spending 20 years working in the Indianapolis area. He then spent 10 years traveling the country and presenting an interactive fire-service training diorama called “Abbottville.” Abbott spent eight years helping to develop and coordinate the Phoenix Fire Department’s Command Training Center. Currently, he is president of CERT (Command Emergency Response Training) and is working on Project Mayday. In 2002, he received the ISFSI’s Innovator of the Year award, and in 2006, he was named Fire Engineering’s Instructor of the Year award. In 2014, the IAFC’s Hazardous Materials Committee gave Abbott the John Eversole Lifetime Achievement Award.

Page 1 of 3

CLAY FIRE TERRITORY Number: 231 Standard Operating Guideline Suspicious Activity Reporting (SAR) Procedure

PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and consistency for Clay Fire personnel in recognizing and reporting suspicious activities, behaviors or materials relating to possible criminal or terrorist activities, which they may observe during the course of their normal duties. POLICY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: Provide a uniform and consistent method to report activities that Clay Fire personnel may encounter during the course of their normal duties that meet the criteria for reportable suspicious activities, define suspicious activities and the potential nexus to criminal or terrorist behaviors or plots and understand the legal parameters of such reporting. DEFINITIONS: Suspicious Activity: An observed behavior, reasonably indicative of pre-operational planning related to terrorism or other criminal activity. Defined Criminal Activity and Potential Terrorism Nexus Activity:

• Breach/Attempted Intrusion: Unauthorized personnel attempting to or actually entering a restricted area or protected site. Impersonation of authorized personnel (e.g., police/security, janitor)

• Misrepresentation: Presenting false or misusing insignia, documents, and/or

identification, to misrepresent one’s affiliation to cover possible illicit activity or gain access to sensitive areas.

• Theft/Loss/Diversion: Stealing or diverting something associated with a

facility/infrastructure (e.g., badges, uniforms, identification, emergency vehicles, technology or documents {classified or unclassified}, which are proprietary to the facility).

• Sabotage/Tampering/Vandalism: Damaging, manipulating, or defacing part of a

facility/infrastructure or protected site.

Effective Date

Total # Pages

Reviewed Date

Version No.

Revision Date

03-01-2016 3 02-25-2016 1 02-25-2016

Page 2 of 3

• Cyber Attack: Compromising, attempting to compromise, or disrupt an organization’s information technology infrastructure.

• Spoken or Written Threat: Communicating a spoken or written threat to damage or

compromise a facility/infrastructure.

• Aviation Activity: Operation of an aircraft in a manner that reasonably may be interpreted as suspicious, or posing a threat to people or property. Such operation may or may not be a violation of Federal Aviation Regulations.

Potential Criminal or Non-Criminal Activity Requiring Additional Fact Information During Investigation:

• Eliciting Information: Questioning individuals at a level beyond mere curiosity about particular facets of a facility’s or building’s purpose, operations, security procedures, etc., that would arouse suspicion in a reasonable person.

• Testing or Probing of Security: Deliberate interactions with, or challenges to,

installations, personnel, or systems that reveal physical, personnel, or cyber security capabilities.

• Photography: Taking pictures or video of facilities, buildings, or infrastructure in a

manner that would arouse suspicion in a reasonable person. Examples include taking pictures or video of infrequently used access points, personnel performing security functions (patrols, badge/vehicle checking, etc.), security-related equipment (perimeter fencing, security cameras), etc.

• Observation/Surveillance: Demonstrating unusual interest in facilities, buildings, or

infrastructure beyond mere casual or professional (e.g., an engineer’s) interest such that a reasonable person would consider the activity to be suspicious. Examples include observation through binoculars, taking notes, attempting to measure distances, etc.

• Materials Acquisition/Storage: Acquisition and/or storage of unusual quantities of

materials such as cell phones, pagers, fuel, chemicals, toxic materials, and timers, such that a reasonable person would suspect possible criminal/terrorist activity.

• Acquisition of Expertise: Attempts to obtain or conduct training in security

concepts; military weapons or tactics; or other unusual capabilities that would arouse suspicion in a reasonable person.

• Weapons Discovery: Discovery of unusual amounts of weapons or explosives that

would arouse suspicion in a reasonable person.

Page 3 of 3

• Sector-Specific Incident: Actions associated with a characteristic of unique concern to specific sectors (such as the public health sector), with regard to their personnel, facilities, systems, or functions.

Note: These activities are generally first amendment-protected activities. They shouldn’t be reported in a SAR or ISE-SAR without articulable facts and circumstances that support the source agency’s suspicion that the behavior observed is not innocent, but rather reasonably indicative of criminal activity associated with terrorism, including evidence of pre-operational planning related to terrorism. Race, ethnicity, national origin or religious affiliation should not be considered as factors that create suspicion. These factors may be used as specific suspect descriptions. REPORTING PROCEDURE: • Immediately contact the Station Officer.

• Contact the on-duty Shift Commander as soon as possible, preferably via a secured line

such as cell phone or landline.

• The on-duty Shift Commander shall notify the Executive Chiefs as soon as possible.

• Reporting a SAR should not impede or affect the completion of the department’s primary response or activities. Behavior or materials that meet the criteria for a SAR, but do not present an immediate threat, can be reported upon the conclusion of the incident after returning to the fire station.

• All suspicious activity should be reported to local law enforcement as soon as reasonably possible.

• Immediately contact St. Joseph County PD and/or Indiana State Police if the observed

behavior or material presents an immediate threat to life safety or property. • Complete the Suspicious Activity Report (Form OPS-140) and forward this form to the on-

duty Shift Commander, who will transmit the report to the Indiana Fusion Center at iifc@iifc.in.gov or (866) 400-4432.

• If the observed behavior or material presents an immediate threat to life safety or property,

a reasonable attempt should be made to safely maintain/secure the scene until the arrival of police. Examples of this would be, but are not limited to, the storage of large amounts of chemicals, improvised explosive devices in late stage of development, operational chemical labs.

• Be prepared to give as much detail as possible and identify the reason you believe the

behavior or indicator is suspicious. Reference the above descriptions as a guide to terminology.

Page 1 of 1

CLAY FIRE TERRITORY Number: 232 Standard Operating Guideline Received Threat Procedure

PURPOSE: The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and consistency for Clay Fire personnel who may receive a threat either over the phone or in person. POLICY: Any received threat, either received in-person or through a phone line must be immediately reported. To assist with the documentation process, all personnel shall be familiar with the Received Threats Checklist (OPS-141). This check list provides a uniform and consistent method to report activities that Clay Fire personnel may encounter during the course of their normal duties. REPORTING PROCEDURE: • If possible, utilize the Received Threat Checklist (OPS-141) to control the conversation as

much as possible. On the form you will find “Questions to be Asked”. These may be helpful if the threat is received over the phone system.

• Immediately contact the Station Officer.

• Complete the Received Threat Checklist (OPS-141).

• Contact the on-duty Shift Commander as soon as possible, preferably via a secured line such as cell phone or landline.

• The on-duty Shift Commander shall notify the Executive Chiefs as soon as possible.

• All suspicious activity should be reported to local law enforcement as soon as reasonably possible.

Effective Date

Total # Pages

Reviewed Date

Version No.

Revision Date

03-01-2016 1 02-25-2016 1 02-25-2016

SOG 201.1.12: “Once a crew is assigned to an On-Deck position, they are first and foremost a Rapid Intervention Crew until they are given an assignment into the hazard zone.” As you already know, the On-Deck crew typically serves as the working company instead of assuming an active role in the incident as a Rapid Intervention Crew. RIC, FAST, RIT are all the same terms used to describe a skillset rather than an assignment. All members operating on the fireground shall be familiar with rapid intervention skills and how to properly assist during a mayday. Two of the two tools among many tools that Clay Fire has to assist during a mayday (assuming there is an air issue) are the transfill hose carried by all officer packs and On-Deck bags which are found on all apparatus.

On-Deck Bags The On-Deck bag is used to give a downed firefighter air. This occurs in two different ways using this bag. 1) We use the regulator along with a mask if needed to use it as you

would a typical SCBA bottle. 2) You can connect the high pressure transfill hose to the bottle of the

downed firefighter which will equalize the On-Deck Bag bottle with the SCBA bottle of the downed firefighter. Rescuers must ensure that the bottle is opened to allow the transfill process to occur.

All personnel will participate in drills in March 2016 using these bag so a review of this bag is important prior to coming to training.

Transfill Hoses All SCBA’s worn by Clay Fire officers have a transfill/buddy breathing hose as show below. This hose can be used either as a buddy breathing hose or it can be used as a transfill hose. Any time the downed firefighter’s bottle is turned on or open, the moment you connect the hose to his or her pack will cause the Company Officer and downed firefighters bottles to equalize. This is good if you have a firefighter who is close to or is completely out of air. At the same time however, if you transfill using the hose and you were at 2000 and the firefighter was at 100 psi, both of you know have around 1000 psi. Unless you are right by an exit and can exit the structure quickly, you only have 1000 psi to get out. If you intend to use this hose as a “buddy breather,” you must first make sure that the SCBA of the downed firefighter is off. If his or her bottle is off and you connect the hose, you now have two firefighters breathing off of one cylinder. It is suggested that you review these different uses of this equipment as we will be working with these tools in upcoming trainings.

 

 

 

 

INCIDENT ACTION PLANS When doing an initial radio report (IRR), the following process is used: Step1 : Describe the building Step 2: Describe the problem Step 3: Initial Action Plan Step 4: Declare a Strategy Step 5: Make a resource determination Step 6: Assume & Name Command This drill focuses on Step 3: Creating an Initial Action Plan. IAP Defined: Is the related plan that we make that provides the tactical and task level details of the way we are going to carry out the overall offensive or defensive strategy. Prior to taking any action, initial Incident Commanders must evaluate the critical factors of the incident. Our initial size up becomes the basis for the strategy and IAP.

Next Month: Accountability

Critical Fireground Factors

Evaluating critical fireground factors + risk management model = formulation

of our strategy and IAP

Offensive vs. Defensive IAP An offensive incident action plan is… Rescue Search Fire control Loss control Customer stabilization Ventilation Checking concealed spaces Utilities A defensive incident action plan is… Establishing cut-offs Defining the hazard zone Searching exposures Protecting exposures

Tactical and Task Level Skills!

The number one goal of any offensive situation is putting water on the fire as

quickly and as safely as possible

 

Investigator Training

March 2016 Residential Natural Gas Systems Due to properties of the fuel, these systems may be the cause of a fire or may result in additional damage to a structure when exposed to fire. Fuel gas systems can influence the way a building burns in the following ways: as an initial fuel source, as an initial ignition source, as both fuel and ignition sources, and as factors influencing fire spread.

Natural gas is lighter than air. If NG escapes into the atmosphere, it dissipates rapidly, based on air movement; wind direction and speed. Other gases such as propane and gasoline fumes settle and accumulate near the ground.

NG will only ignite when there is an air-gas mixture of between 5 and 15 percent. A mixture of < 5 % is too lean. Where >15 % is too rich. Always be sure the source is discontinued prior to conducting a fire investigation. Initially use natural ventilation to clear the structure. Always notify NIPSCO regarding; 1) leaks or inability to control the source, 2) any missing or altered parts / connections of a “normal” meter and valve installation. Remember to document with notes and photos all utilities; equipment in place, missing, disconnected.

Typical residential installation. “Banks” of meters are common at multi-family housing. In multi-family installations,

  

* See NFPA 921, Chap. 10 and 

CFItrainer.net for further . 

When and Why Do We Use Foam? Foam blankets are typically applied to suppress vapors or to remove oxygen from the fire triangle to stop the burning process. Class A foam applications are used predominantly for structural firefighting and overhaul. The foam solution reduces surface tension allowing more of the foam solution to stick to the fuel. The bubbles that stick on the burning/heated material release moisture as they diminish further cooling the material. Class B foam operations are typically used for incidents involving Class B flammable liquids. Like Class A foam, Class B foam is used to suppress vapors of flammable liquids which diminishes the risk of a fire.

What Are Our Foam Capabilities? All Clay Fire engines have an on-board Class A foam system. In addition, Engine 21 has the ability to draft Class B foam and begin a foam application without using an in-line eductor. In addition to the above items, Clay Fire also has two Class B foam trailers.

The In-Line Eductor Clay Fire uses a 241-150 model eductor. The eductor has a 2.5” inlet with a 1.75” outlet. The eductor can be set at 0%, .5%, 1%, 3%, and 6%. Make sure you exercise your metering valve as these can get stuck over time.

Using the In-Line Eductor Stretch at least 50’ of 2.5” hose to the eductor inlet Connect the eductor and stretch no more than 150’ of 1.75” hose from the eductor outlet Make sure your Class B foam is close to the eductor Set the eductor to the desired percentage Open the discharge and charge the line Open the nozzle fully and raise the discharge pressure to provide 200 PSI at the eductor inlet Ensure that you have suction from the eductor by placing your hand on the end of the pickup wand Insert the pickup wand into the foam pail (It will take approximately 15 seconds before foam reaches

the nozzle)

Inlet Hose Size

Outlet Hose Size

Inlet Pressure

GPM Maximum Hose Lay

2.5” 1.75” 200 PSI 150 150’

Eductor Information

Nozzle Pressure

75 PSI

Effective Reach

110’

Since Clay Fire has placed the CO monitors on all blue EMS bags, we have responded to some significant incidents involving carbon monoxide. In most if not all of these cases, the initial response was for a medical problem that was unknown to be related to carbon monoxide. The purpose of this drill is to review the key points of signs and symptoms of CO exposure, key points of SOG 245: Carbon Monoxide Alarm Response, and finally, how we treat these patients.

What is Carbon Monoxide?

Carbon monoxide is a product of incomplete combustion of any fuel that has a carbon base. It enters the body through the respiratory system causing asphyxiation by binding to hemoglobin in the blood. As it binds to the hemoglobin, it reduces the oxygen carrying capacity in the blood.

Signs and Symptoms **Note: According to OSHA, the maximum CO exposure over an 8-hour period is 35 parts per million.

SOG 245: Carbon Monoxide Alarm Response

Upon arrival, we must ensure that all persons have evacuated the structure and that no symptoms are or are not present

An investigation shall be conducted. Prior to entering the structure, the CO monitor shall be zeroed

After the monitor is zeroed, the investigation can begin

Readings shall be taken near gas appliances, close to heat ducts, and near draft diverters.

Ensure that windows and doors are shut to get an accurate reading

Ensure that NIPSCO is enroute

Any atmosphere above 35 ppm shall be evacuated and ventilated.

Any environment above 200 ppm shall require the use of an SCBA

SCBA shall also be worn if personnel are to be in that environment with readings above 50 ppm and if inside the structure for more than 30 minutes

CO Report Forms or Medical Release Forms shall be completed

Treatment

Supportive care

High flow oxygen

Cardiac monitoring

Transport to MHSB