1:

1,

HAN DBOOKi~.or~TflI~

9~45iNCHIlL. HOWITZER.

19O6~.

40

29

[All RIghts Rese,’vecl.

HANDBOOK

rou TUE

9’45-INCII B.L. 110WITZER.

~

~y ~

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1~ONa~ON:PRINTED FOR HIS MA.JE~fTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE,

BY HARRISON AND(S NS, ST. MARTINS LANE,PEINT~nS1~(O1I~L liT TO ff15 MAJi~STr.

And to bepurchased,eitherdi e tly orthroughanyBookseller,fromWYMAN AND SONS, TD., FETTE1i LAliE, EC.; or

OLIVER AND BOYD, EDINBUEIrn orE. PONSONBY, 116, GEATTO~ STREET, DUBLIN.

1906.

Pilce Xinepeiwe.

Howitzer—

CONTENTS.

-~

Description .. ..

RemovingandreplacingbreechfittingsCareandpreservation

Carriage—

DescriptionCareandpreservation

Limber—Description

DimensionsandweightsAmmunition—

CartridgesProjectilesFuzesPrimer

Keys—BasefuzeandplugPercussionprimrr

RangeTableDrill.. .. .,

howitzerandrerriage—

irutit view .. ..

Rearview .. ..

Breech screw and carrier . . . .

Breechscrew in parts ., .

Howitzer andcradle,with limber .

Carriageandbed, with limber . . .

Running-outsprings . . . . .

Pro~octUcs. .. ..

.. 34

6

010

It)11

111112

I

II

‘IT

lv

‘TI

vuVIII. lo X

N.B.—Tñisbook is correctedup to August,1006. Any citerationswhich inagbe suggestedshould he foi-warded direct to Chief Inspector, Royal Arsenal,7l’oolwich.

(1.. .. .. .. .. S

.. .. .. .. .. 88

PLATES.

ORDNANCE, B.L., 9~45-INcu HOWITZER, MARK I.

Description.

(PlatesI and II.)steel(nickel).9255 inches.

-. .. 41 cwt., 2 qrs~20 lbs.38 ,, 2 ,, 0,,945 inches.

-. .. 75.75polygroove,plainsection.604inches(approximate).uniform.

Inumber .. .. .. 56.~ width - . .. . . .. 4.incli.I. depth.. .. .. .. ~00-inchi.

cup.percussion.

Thehowitzer is without trurinions, and is madeentirely of nickelsteel. The breechring is furnished on tire under side, at tile rear,with logs for tile attachmentof tire howitzer to the hydraulicbuffer,andrunningout spring rods, respectively, of tire carriage. Bracketsfor tire attachmentof the carrier,mid for retaining- it ~fl tire closedpositron, arefitted to tire breechfaceandsecuredby fixing screws.

- A planefor clinometeris preparedon theupper side of thebreechiflrg.

The chamberis cylindrical, slightly conedat the front end.

BruiEcu—CLOSING MEChANISM.

(PlatesIll and IV.)The breechis closedby a parallel screw having three portionsof

the screw thread removed longitudinally, each one-sixth of thecircumference. The interior of the howitzer at tire breechbeingpreparedin a similar manneradmits of the screw, when the raisedportionsale placedoppositethesrtroothstir-facesin thehowitzer,beingpushedhomeandlockedby thesixth of a turn.

I’ortions of the rear screw thread are prolonged into uric of theinterruptionson tire breech screw,andform a stop for- tire latterwhenclosingthebreech.

A spring,jilted to the front endof tire breech screwby meansof acover plateandfixing screw, servesasa buffer for tire breechscrewwhentine latter is being lockedin tire howitzer.

Fitted to the outer endof tire breechscrew,reid securedby fixingscrews,is asteelendplate,having a fixed handleon tire left side,anda breech mechanism leverhingedto tire right side by meairsof whichtire screwis worked. Tire lower end of the leverengageswith a camgroovein tire breechface of tire hrowitzer~and is retainedby alatch,when in the locked position, thus preventing any movementduriugfiring.

A carrier for supportingthe breech screw when withdrawn ishingedto the left side of thebreech. It is held during thewithdiawalof thebreechscrewby a retainingcatchin the carrierwhich engages

(9892) A 2

fwitlt ii~ings1 without fittings

Material

Length,total

Weightof howitzer-

• I calibreBore i. length

IsystemI length

Rifling .~ twist

grooves

ObturatioriFiring mechanism

4

with abracketon tine lower side of tine breech face of thehowitzer;the retainingcatch is automaticallyreleasedby meansof an inclinedplaneon lire breechscrew wlnich engageswith the upperendof thecatchwhen thescrewis withdrawn. A. conical-headedstop bolt withspiral spring,engageswith a recessin the breecin screw when witin-drawn,amid seoul-estine latter on tire carrier,when thewhole can besw’ung clearof tire bn-eechopeningto admit of loading; tine stop boltis forcedout of tine recessin thebreechscrewin dosing thebreech.

Caremust be takennot to withdraw tire breech screwviolently onto thecarrier,as it is possible in that case to overridethe stop bolt,andthus causedamageto the front edgeof the obtun-atingcup winenclosing thebreech.

O1ITURATION.

Obtur-ationis obtainedby meansof a steel cup which conitainstirecinargearid percussionprimer, practically forming a cartridge case.Tine cup is fitted to a recessin tine fm-out endof thre bneeelr screw bymeansof a stemformed on tine exterior, and is retainedagainstthefaceof thescrewby a sprungcatch. r1~Inecatch is releasedby pressinga knob on tire exterior of tire bm-eech screw, when the cup cmi bewithdrawn.

A vent channelis formed in the stem of the cup, amid is preparedfor thereception of a specialpercussionp1-inner. The action of thegasgenen-atedby the fired changepressesthe rim of the cuptightlyagainstthe interior of tire chamber,thins sealingtine escape.

The chargeandpruneraroinserted in the cup beforetine latter isplacedinn positionr in tine breechscrew.

FIllING MEC1rANISM.The firing mechanismis designedfor- percus~~o~~tiring, arid is so

arrangedthat tire howitzer camnnotbe fired until tire breech screw islocked,andthe bu-eccinmechanism lever- home.

It consistsof a steelcup (as above)fitted to tine faceof tine breechscrew. Throughtire centreof tine breechscrew a strikeris fitted forper-cussion fining. Tine striker, winch is retainedin position by abayonetjoint, consistsof a steel needle actuatedby a maim spring,contained in a steel sheath, and provided at tire front end with ai-eboundsprung, which retains tine point of tire needle clear of theprimen in the vent, when closing tine bmeecln. The outer endof theneedleis curvedandengageswith a projection on the sheath,so asto fornn aloop for the receptionof the hook of tine firing hanryard.

In firing thehowitzer-, tine lanyardis pulled to lire n-ear unntih tirecurvedendof theneedleis clear of tire projection on tine sheath,whenthe lanyard hook is automatically i-eleased,and the needle free todetonatetheprimer in tine veirt.

A lahnyal(l guideis pr-ovided on tine end plate of tine breechscrewto ensurea straigirtpull in line witin tire axis of tine howitzer.

A safetycatchin thebreechscrew engageswith acorrespondingrecessin thestriker,andretainsthe latter in the “ safe” positionuntilthebreechscrewis lockedin tine howitzer,andtine breechmechanismleverdepressed;thelastmovementof tire lever in closing tire breechreleasesthecatch from thestriker.

To Rimovli TIlE Bnr:r:cnr FITTIIcOS.

Beforeremovingtire fittings the earlier must be swung imrto theclosedposition andthebreechscrew pushed into the breechopening,but not locked.

IS

BrunEcmn SCREW.

Pull down the retaining catcin in the earn-icr so as to clear thebracket on the howitzer, and swing the carrier into the loadingposition, leaving thebieecln screwinn ttne Iiowitzen. Partially withdrawthe breech screw,amnd placethe leather lifting band,providedfor thepurpose,roundtheprojectingportion, then by means of a handspikepassedthrough tine holes in the band, lift the br-eech screw andwitindraw it from tine breech.

CARIUEn1.Unscrewthesetscrewwhich securestine hingebolt, andwithdraw

tire latter, then withdraw thecari-ier from the hingejofnt.

CATCh SAFETy.

Pressin the catch retaining hatch breechmechanismlever, andreleasetine latch from the lever, thenpressthe lever towardsthe latchas far as it will go and withdraw thesafetycatchwith spiral spring.

STRIKER.By nncansof thestriker wrench,pusin tine striker forward as far as

it will go, then turn the striker onne-eighthof a turn to the left amidwithdrawit.

LATent, BIIEECII MEchANIsM LEVER.

Pressin the latch retainimngbreechmnechannismlover as far asit wihigo, and withdrawit, with retainingcatchandspiralSprung.

LEVER, BREEdin MEeIIAxrsum.

Removetine keeppin arid nut, arid withdraw tine lever.

C urcmr, Ru-rAmsm ~ OwnURAI’oru Cum’.

Takeout tine fixing screwsof endplate,breech screw,and removethe end plate. ~Vitiidraw tire socket for striker from interior- ofbreechscrewto tine rear, forcing it out if mnecessaryby meansof apieceof wood and a hammer from the front. Withdraw tIne catchiplate from tine interior of tine scm-ow to tine n-ear, and the spimrdle andspringfrom theexterior.

rro RE—AssEMBLE TIlE BREECII FuiTixos.

To replacethe catch ietaining obturator cup, insert tine springandspindle fmomn the exterior, then fit tIne catch plate onn theendof tirespindle from tine interior, taking care thitnt tine plate is imiserted withtine projectionnsfor engagingtire recessin tire cnnp towards tine frout.Inisert tine socket for striker, and replace tine ennui plate annd fixingscrews.

Replacebr-eech mechanismloven, and latcin, with retaining catcinandspring-,safetycatchandspring,annd striker, in tine ordergiver).

All tine above-mentionedbreech fittings can be removedfrom tinebreech screw, on replaced, without removing the latter from thecarrier.

CARE AND PRESERVATION OF B.L. 9~45-INCII HOWITZER

AND FITTINGS.

Seealso “ RequlatnonsfonCare and Prese,-rationof iVar Mate’riel, andfor Magaznnes.”

SpecialInstructionsnot in theabovementionedRegnlations.

Tire breechfittinngs should be kept clean, oiled, or greased,amid ingood working order; all working surfacesmustbe well lii bricated,tirefittinigs beingtakenoff sometimesfor this purpose.

All fittings of tine lnowitzem- should he treatedwith care; violenceand jerks should be avoided, and no unnnecessaryforce should beemployed.

The breechfittings should work easily, and be free from ci-acksand burrs; the lattet- earn be removed by filing, but tins must hedonecarefully, so asnot to pernnurneinthydamageihe fitt.rmngs. SInoulcia cr-ack be observed mi a breech fitting, such fitting sinould beexchanged. -

r1~Inehreechnsinouldbe kept covered by the canvas cover provndedfor thuspurpose,to preventdust mind grit g’ettinng into tine nnrtersticesof tine breechfittings.

CA IIRIAGE, SIEGE, B.L., ¶P45—mNclI ITowrTZEIt

(PlatesI, II, V to VII.)The carriageconsistsof the following principal parts

1. Body.2. Cradle.3. Traversing gear-.4. Elevatinggear.IS. Sigiitiing gear.6. Loadinng tray.7. Bed.

Tine carriageis constn-uctedto allow of firing at anglesof elevatiomnfrom 42 degneesto 63 degrees,but wihl admit of the howitzer beingplaced inn tine lion-ixontal positionn foi- loading. The inowitzer recoilsaxially in a cradlewlnicin is fitted witin a hydraulic buffer- to hinmnit therecoil,andwith rrnlnniinig out spn-imrg-sto ietunni tire howitzer to tine firingposition.

Body.—Thecarriagebody consistsof a steelcastingwitin trunnioniholesfon tine l.nnnrinionsof tine cradle. It is pivoted at the front, andrestson bearingbracketsbolted to tine bed. A stop is fitted to tineright side to pnevent line howitzer being depressed beyonnd tinehorizontal. On eachn sidea folding step is fixed. Oni tine left cap-squareis an adjustablepoilnterto indicatetine angie of elevatiorn on ametalarc fixed to the left trunnnionof thecradle. TIno arc is markedwith thezero point andin degreesfrom 40 to 65.

Crwile.—Thne cradle is a steelcasting witin trimmnmons to pivot it totine carriagebody. A hollow cylinndei- is formedalong tine undersidefor tine hydraulic buffer, amid onne on each side for the runningoutsprings. Tire portionu of tine cradlein which tine gun slideshasmetallinens at eachn cud, and at tine fronnt are fitted a circular hn-usin amidleatherrings to preventtine imrgressof dirt.

Tine buffercylinder is of forgedsteel, closedat tine front by a steelplug fitted with a controlling plunmgei-, the joint betweenplug aridcylinder being made by a steelconned ring; ‘tine rear is bored for- astnfiinrg box with a gland amnd packing, consisting of arm L-shnapedleather- rrnng and thtee leather washers hetweenn two conedmetalrings; inn tine rearfacesof tine rings two holes an-c boredto facilitateextnactnonn. Groovesof variabledeptharecut on tine irntem-ior of tinecylnnderto regulatetime flow of the liquid andensureann approximatelyevenpressureduring recoil. Tine piston amid rod arein oneforging;tire comntroihing plunger entersahole in tine pistont,and by displacinrgtime inqund tlnerein conitamedbringsthehowitzergn-aduahlyto mest whenreturirinng to t!ne fir-inng- position. Tine n-ear curd of the piston n-od isattaciiedto tine breech rung of time howitzer. A filling hole, closedbya conedplug, ms pn-ovidedon eacinside of tine cradie,arid undernnemntinisa two-way emptying cock with conmniectionsfor a pump.

Tire runnninng unit springs(Plat9 VIL) aredonrble, innerarid ointen-,separatedby a shneatin. ‘i~iieyare preservedunderinitial comnpnessionmby metal nuts, amid arefur-timer connpm-esseddunimngrecoil by meansofrods,whncir, at tine front, ~passthnn-ougin tine inner spm-inngs,arid at tireream- through openingsin tine breecir rinrg of time howitzer, and an-csecunedby rnuts.

Two projectionis at tire ream-of tine cradlefornn guidebarsonn whichtire breechring of tine howitzerslides rflne trunnninnmms arefitted wititremnnovabhecranikeda~cieam-mis fun- tn-anispun-timig wheels. Underneatharetwo hearingsfor tine attachrmientof areninovabletrail.

Traven-sinqgear.—TIietr:nvemsinrggear,~viniclrpermuteof a ti-averseof eight degm-eesurn eitherside of thecentreline, coflsistsof ii verticalsinaft wit.hr it pimnion supportedin beatingsattachedto tire carriageh)Ody mmd workedby a lnomizontmil lever. rrine pirnion geansinto a rackbolted to tine bed. Tine ann,mummt of traverse is indicatedurn tire rackbyan adjustablepoiintermountedon acarrier Ininged to a bracketon thecarriagebody.

Elevatingqeam’.—’l’hne elevatinggear is attachedto tire left side ofthe can-n-iagebody, amid is actuatedby a cranked handle. A frictionalarramngeinnentallows ashghntslip iri thegearto reducetire liability todamageon firinng.

S~7htini1

J~jew—l’lie sigints consist principally of a removableT—shapedsiglnt ham- and l)ihiar of steel,with fore annd hind sights annda deflectionscale1)h~nte. Tire stem of time bar- is lnohlow amid slidesovertine pillar; it nnay be securedat any required height by a chanipinmgscrew. Tine sigints ar-cavailablefor haying fon line only.

£e(,-drngLrw~.—’J’hneloadingtray is pivoted to tire right side of tirecarrnmngebody,andis securedin thic loadinng or fnrinng positiomns I)y mlclampinig screw actuatedby a small leven-. The front of time tray isarrangedso as to pmotect tine breecim openinmgof tire inowitzer fm-eminnjmnry during tine introductionof tIne shell into tine bore.

Jied.——Thebedis a rectangularframeworkof 1dateandanglesteel,filled iii with waterproofedwood. - 0mm the mnpper sun-facetwo caststeelbracketsarefixed for thecarriagebody to nestupomn. Two caststeelbracketsfor a tramnspon-tingaxle arebolted to the front, anndat the rearis fitted arm attachinnenitfor a u-emnovabhetrail. rpinreeanglesteelgundesare fixed to eachside of tine bed through whicin steel pickets aredriven to securethebedto tire ground,andat each con-ncr is ascm’ewedmole for a lifting screw,

For transportingpun-poses,tire cradlearid howitzer form omne load,andaresupportedon each side by awince! and cranked axle, and atthe frornt by arenrnovmmbieti-nil attachedto the uxhe of alimber. Tine

S

bedamid carriagebody form asecondload,amid ore supportedon apairof wheelson anaxle keyed to tine front of time bed anmd a removabletrail securedto theaxle of a limber.

Lisnumumus.

(Plates V and VI.)The limber-s an-c siniiular inn constrmnction,amid consist of a simple

frameworkof annglesteeh,witha specialaxletm’ee,towhich a removabletrail earn be connected. Tine wheelsarespecial,3 ft. 9 in. in diameter,with 3k-in. tire, the spokesbeingof the “upright” type.

The fittings for draught connsist of a specialpole, lift. 7 in. long,and two wood swimrgletrees 2 ft. 9~in. long. Tine pole fits intosocketson the frame and is securedby a pin with flat key. Theswingietreesareattachedto thesplinter barby split rinngs.

DImENsIoNs, WEIGhTS, &C.ft. iris.

Height of trunnion axis abovebed .. .. .. 3 9~Track, maximum .. .. .. .. .. 6 4Width ,, .. .. ... .. .. 7 4Angleof lock .. .. .. .. .. .. 140 degrees.

tons cwt. qnnu.Weight of carriagebody and bed, &c. ) for trans-54 8 0

,, ,, howitzer andcradle, &c. 5 portinng ]4 3 0,, ,, limber .. .. .. .. .. 0 10 1

CARE AND PRESERVATION OF CARRIAGES, &c.

Seealso “ liegulatonnsfoi C~tn-eand Pi-eseruaticnof lV~n’~3Iate~-zelendfor J!agazines.”

SpecialInstructionsnot ir~time above-mentionedRegulations

Due nittemntionr must be paid to tine elevatinggear to preserveit. inngood om-der. Inn replacing tire cones care nnnust be taken that timesurfacesare free fm’omrn burr’s, &c., and tirat tine conesane tiginteneni justsuflicienitly to give tine iiece~sai-y‘‘slip “for- pic~’emntimigimnjury to tinegear.

IIYDInAULIc Burrxn.Tine buffer nunst always be full or darning-c will be done to tine

carriagewhentine howitzeris fired. Always before fir-iung is carriedoutit sinould heseenr tinat thepiston rod nnrts are properly comnnected,tine filling hole plugremoved,to seeif oil showsat thefilling mole,andif not,moreoil must be poured in until it (hoes show,and the plugreplaced;time howitzer’ sinould tinen be elevatedto about60 degrees;if tine buffer is quite full and titer-c is no leakageat the glands then-cshiouhd be hittlo or rio slip of tine hiowntzer inn the cradle; a gradualslippingback of the iio~vitzerindicatesthat a leakage is takirng placeat tine glnrnrd packirng; if tightening up time gland will niot stoptine leak,tire packingshould be replaced,

To n-e,iaclca piston rod yland.—Placetine howitzer- inn tire inorizontalposition, tighten theelevatinggear’,blockmrp tire cradlewith skidding,both front and n-ear of time tn-minions, to prevent tine cradle movirmg--when time howitzer is withdrawn. Remove tine nuts securing tinepiston rod andsprungrodsand withdraw the howitzer sufficiently to

time rear (hilockinng up if nnecessary)to aclnmnit of tine gland arid ringsbeingremovedfrom tine piston nod; extracttire defectivepackinugrinngsamid insertnew ones,well tigintemn up tine new packingwitln tine gland,andm-epiacetime variousparts.

To n-enmoVetine n’unnnnnmg out spi’nngs.—Removetine cap fmommm line frontof time spring cylinder and time nut securinngtine spi-imrg rod to, tirelnowitzer,andwithdraw tine spm-imng from tine fromnt., To replacesprmnngsthe foregoingoperationis revemsed.

AM~iu~ITION.

Cartridges.

CAIInlmnDau, B.L., ft ‘151Nc11 IIownTzEIm,4-LnL l5~oz.I’ownnnm, MArmm~I.The car-tridge consists of smokelesspowden’ (nnitm-o-glycenimneand

cohlodion inn flat grainscoatedwith graphite),Tine rnaxinnumnchargeis madeup in six portiorns,vizFour pontions of 1 ‘ 1 lb. of powder- enclosedin a fiat circular’ silk

bag, each primed in thecentrewitim 10 gramnnesof tithe powder.Two portions of ‘2?5 lb. of powder- enclosedin a flat, ~-cii’cular

bag,andunnprimed.Eachcompletechangeis attachedto a papercupby two silk tapes,

and when requiredfor use is placed in tine obturatingcup of tireirewitzer,

No more of tinesecartn-idgeswill he made,

CAnTnIIDGE, B, L, 945-mxcni IIowri-zER, 5-r,nr. 4joz. Corwmii~,

M.D.T. sizu 18—10, MAnn I.

Tine cartridgeconsistsof 5-lb 4joz. of com’clifc, M.D.T., size

cut about3 inches long, mn-ado U~into a come surrounded by fivesections,the wlrule being- attachnedby silk br-aidsto a suitable null—board cup, andwimenn reqmnin’ed fon’ useis insertedinn tine obturatinng cupof tine hiowitzer.

‘I’lne con-c consistsof 1U~oz. of cordite inn a shahloonbag, pnimnucdwith 1 oz. R.F.G. 2, cm’ mew blankF.G. powderinn four’ commrpartnnmenits.

Time sectionsconisistof two sinallouni bags,each contaimninig’ iG oz.com-dite tied loosely into five hntnmmdlesof about3-2 oz.each, arid thnreeshailoonbagseacir conntaimiim~g1 oz. corditetied loosely in two places.

Time following chargesninny be iniadeup to suit tire seven-al llarng-eTables, at pages12—il.

n)z.1. Con-c only .. .. . - .. .. .. ‘10+

,, arid two 4—oz. sectiorns . . . . . . 18~3. ,, ,, timnee ,, ,, . . . . . . . , 52~4, ,, ,, erie i G-oz. section .. . , . - ,. 56~5. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, andone4-oz, section .. 6O.~6. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, two ,, sections.- 61+7. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, three ,, ,, . . 68~8. ,, ,, two 16-oz, sections. . ,. . . ..

and two 4-oz. sections 60+10. ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, ,, tlnnee ,, ,, 84~

10

Projectiles.(I’lates VI1I—X.)

T)csem’iptmon. Lcn~thusiaxinntun,

J)iarneter,,lIaxuinhlmn,

o - - Ovem’body driving

- band,

Ilursting charge.

Nst,mro, Weight,~

-Wemght,

filledand

fuzed,

Shells, conimnon,lydilitn, Stark1,..

pointed { MlU’k~I~

ins, ins,

28-646 9415

~ 9-425

ills,

06059-59 {

lh, oz.

Lyildite 53 2Ainmom~hini} —

lb.

280

Lyddite Shell.(Plate Viii.)

This shell jim nnuadeof forged steel,witim mm solid base,arid is fitted at

tine nosewith agunmetalsocketscrewedto tire U.S. frnze lncde gauge.Near tine basea groove is turnedfor- tine drivinng baud,the ribs in linegm-oove are “ waved.” Tire “ Exploder-, lyddite smell, 4+-oz., withi

pm-inner, 1G~1 inch,” is usedw’itin this shell,

(Jomnion PointedShells, Mar-ks I and ilL(Plates IX (((((1 X.)

‘l’hue Mark I shell is made of steel,with a scn-ewedimead arid ar’eniiovable base screwedin tine centreto takeeitlnen’ a specialplug-or’tine l)ase pei-cnnssioni fuze. A groove for tine driving band is turnedinc-am’ thebase.

Time 1~larkII shell differs fronni Man-k 1, principally inn not hiavinmg ascrewedIread.

Tine bum-sting’clumnrgeis tire canine fon’ 1)0th N ark I arid 11 ~inellsamidis conumposed of compressedainnnmnonimrnn po~vdenmade up in two pan-ta.Emmehi pan-t humus amole tlni’ougir tine cemntn-eto takeahun’ster-of F’.G. po~vderenclosedi in a innualimr bag Erich part is wn’apped round with thinpaper,their coveredwith timmfoil arid bothn enclosedin a calico bag, themnonntin of winch is dm-awnnup.

FFuzx, PEnncussnoN,1lAsn, 13.L., 9~45-iNcnn,IIowiTzn-:nn, MAlmrc 1.rE~inefuzecomprisestire following pants

(1) Body, with lead washier.(2) Screwedcap conrtainninnginagazinue.(3) Screwed‘plug conntaiuinngdetonator~Ui(1anvil,(4) A smaller screwed plug, and a lead washer for tine plug to

reston.

11

(5) Brassneedleplug, with steel mreedlo amid coppercapwith fourclips.

(6) Br-ass thimble.(7) Copper retainingring with three clips to prevent tine mmeedle

plug flying forward until impact.(8) Bm-aas cylinder wlnich fits loosely oven’ the needle plug and

centrestine mneedleto tire tletcnrrator.Action.—On smock of discharge the brass tirinnble sets back,

straighteningtine fonur clips of tine coppercap over tine nneedlearid sounmaskatheneedle.

Onn impact tIne needleplug straightenstime tinree clips at tine biottonimof tine copper retaimming ring, arid together with tine thuinnntnle, fliesforward, firing tine detonator’.

Fuzr~,PEmtcussnoN,I)unEcrAc’m’noN, wmi’nn CAr’, No. 1, MAnnrcs 11 AND lii.

Mark 11.—Thisfuze is immtenndedto act on din-cot impact; it. canimrothe dependedomn to act on grazeunlessfired at anmg’ies of elevation of10 degreesmind nrpwan-ds.

It is rn-ado of g-mmnnmetal, tnnrnned all over, arid screwedbelow timeheadto fit the G.S. fnnzdn mole. Tine irnterioi- is hon-edout at tine lowerend for’ tine powder charge,arid closed witir a scm-ow Imaso plug. Arecessinn tine upper’ part of tine fnmze is chargedwith detorm:mtimng corn—position, amid tine inoleri comnniummicatmnngwitim l;lno nmmnig’azinne are filledwith powderprimnninng. ‘l’hue fnnze is fitted ~vithua steel nneehle,prssinig’I iiromrgin mind securedin a coppersuspending(usc 0’032 incin thick.Time lower pa~’tof tine fazeis filled ~vitinpistol or ~ powdem’. Agunmetalcap,having aT-shmapedslot curt out inn each side to fit overtheprojectingpins inn theheadof time fuze, is secun’edover time to1).

On stm-ikinig amy object, tine suspendingdisc is driven in arid tinemneedie is for-cod againsttine detonnatiimgcomposition,tlnenebyexplodingtIme fuze,

1~IarkIII differ’s froan Mark II in having a removabledetonator’,a n~ngie.pointednieedle, mont1 a slightly smaller mag’azilne, containing’65 grainsof powder-.

Weight ,. -. .. .. 7~-oz.‘l’hese t’mizes an-c issuedlive iii atin cyhirndem’.

Shark1* arid I** fuze~nnuay alsobe used.

Prmnannnn, Pi~rncussioa,B.L., U’ 45—lNcnn IlownTzunn, MAmmK 1.

Tfue body of time pm-irurei’ is nmnadeof mmmetmn.l screwedexten’imnmhly to fittime stem of tIre obtum’mrtinug- cup (If tIre howitzer-. It is bored unit tofake a percussioncmii) tilled with 0 ‘2 grains of cap comumpositioni,overwinich is screweda metal nrmnvih. Time hottonnr of rime p1-inner is filledwith har’d pressed powder rand closed by a ~-m~n-muisfuedpaper-disc.‘l’hree recessesarccut in tine mend for tine ‘‘ Key, percmmssiommpn’iuuner.”

Kn~vs,~ iuasn~FUZE AND PlUG~ ni L., 9’ 15-mNcin rnowi-rzEmr.~i’mnnmcussroNl’nnannnn j

‘l’hnese keys mnr~nprovidedfor’ usewith tine basefuzemmd ~ulugof timecomnmnonn p0mmted smell mind the pt’n’cussioni primmer’ respectively.

12

IIANGE TALmr,Es for O’45-inichu B.L, Howitzer,

(~\Iaxinunumnelevation, 63°; nnimnimum elevation,42°.) -~~—

Mimnutes 59,434 and 59,773II. —

IA, Smokelesspowder(initro-glycerinewith collodion) in flat grainsNatureof J coatedwith graphite.Charges,

LIII. Cordite M,D.T,, size18-10,

[Nature1

commonspointed

Prujectile. ~ ‘Weight, 27908lbs.

L~atureof nnounting,bed,

criarges ~.

t

.~ Section,, -~ ~

:0— ~-z

!

Jump.

Charges 13,

~~

‘~ Sections. -~,,i ~

:00n~

n.e.1 1 morge 4- 2 smetI i ‘~5 4-~ 1 narue + 3 saia3’. i ‘925 4993 2 large ~. 2 -~ non4 2 rsi-ge + r ,lnall 2’ mrs sun

2 iarge + 2 sinaI! 2 ‘75 6:33C 2 large + 3 small 1025 619

7 , 3 iarge 3’3 7i0,

8 3 urge + I smsln 3575 757~

3) 3! rarge + 2 comm ‘85 79 i10 4 marge 4 ‘I 0)30

,

~~

In 4iargo + 2snamm~493 929

° ‘

1 37r 24 43)9 Cole ,,,,,.,,,,

i in sir core + 2, 4-~.Sections.,.n 7 002 Core ±3, 4 or., Sections,..0 (31 610 Core + i, iO-oz. Scc,ions-.

0 53 079 Core + m, mg-02

. Sections,..+ r, 4-or., Sections --

0 17 722 Core + m, nO or.. Sections...+ 2, 4-or.. Sections - , -

0 Ii 755 Core + n, iC-or.. Se~mions...4- 3, 4-ne, Sections .,.

0 0 792 Core + 2, nG-o,. Seaio~,s,..0 :32 856 Core + 2, i6-~r.,Sections-

+ 2, 4-oz.Sections ...

0 23) 804 Core + 2, mO-oz.Sections+ 3, 4-ne,Sections --

025

4O~48~i2f56.f

00,1

64j

63~721

80,j

841

nI34

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6

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0,cn.ert°~uCharges. ~ flange,

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Drift.

50°’Zones,

tImcJ

,~t ~

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Fm hi,

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~

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~-‘

5’ Elevamionor 1)ettection

gives:o 0

‘,-. g

0 -,J a

‘° ~ ~ 1-S CCII 0 15

-‘1 72

to. ° ‘ rImS. Yds,On 55 40 I’S64 2 31-6 2362 56 rn 24

420 ci no 2-0 2-500 4 23 26ns 16 20 2-056 15 i’S 2-7Si n il 2’S51 23 i-mi 2’0J

A. No.1in. I—al

(27 4828 4329 533132 40315 3636 3738 tIn4i ID

y,ms. ‘ Tire,n,550 83 21n,eoo 70 . 24I 650 70 251,700 63 25r,sno 58 251,800 53 251,8501,900n,rso

50464i

252526

1”t.-tono

351

Yds.303’i

‘1

3.3113)3-43,43,5

Sees.25’S

24724’i236230224Zn’s21’a

Yds,nonon51520202525‘30

18

,

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o

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gives:

A

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‘~ J ~e

-

0,013

~~

‘~‘0i

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flange emIt.

50°/aZones.

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~

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StrikIi’gn’nergy

“,2 -~

~

~

~

‘5.”~‘°

‘~

Os. ‘ Yds, Yds. ‘ Yds. ‘ Yds. Yd~, Seca. Ft-tons Yds.63 44 40 2-9] (29 7 2,000 75 20 :5-6 27 ‘6 n62 43 3-7 30 30 9 2,050 69 20 3,6 27-2 17,

460 6t 37 3,4 31 :mm nO 2 100 (34 20 3,7 20’S 426 20os 25 3-2 31 ,, 32 28 2,n50 59 20 S’s 26-4 2059 8 30 3-2 ‘ ~.°‘ 33 40 2,200 55 26 38 26-0 27.57 46 I’S 33 ‘ °‘ 35 9 . 2,250 52 26 39 254 ‘27,

463 50 20 2’S 33 36 38 I 2,300 40 27 3’S 24’S 426 2754 45 2-0 :m’4 33 25 I 2,350 45 27 40 21-I 3053 2 n’S i’oJ ~4O 3i 2,100 42 27 40 237 123 . 30

62 48 47 3-17) (70 8 2,470 67 27 4-1 291) 20502 61 7,4 4:1 so I 31 1 2,500 63 27 4 ‘n 19.6 502 25

60 56 4(1 37 an 5~) 2,550 60 27 42 293 2759 53 36 3’S A. No, 3 33 3 2,600 Si! 28 43 289 2556 47 32 39 ii. No. 2 II ma 2,650 an 28 4’S 285 499 :io573229 i’s I .35 30 ‘2,700 50 29 4~ 23’i 30

499 sems 2’S 40 I 3070: 2,750 41 28 4.7, 277 305152 21 4-U 7)18 36 2,800 41 23 45 27_S 495 35

63 3 Si 40) 30 6 2,650 69 28 4-6 324 571 2562 ii 49 42 30 55 1,900 65 28 -no 321 3061 2:1 40 43 ‘ :11 46 2,950 62294731’S 3060 30 41 41 - 32 10 3,000 09 29 47 3m-S 30

3135 59 36 4 ‘2 4-4 ~, °‘ 33 36 3,070 7,6 29 4 ‘8 Si ‘2 565 :0)358 10 40 4 ‘0 - °‘ r 134 aa :n, moo si 29 4 ‘9 30’S 1 as57 40 I’S 4’6 ms :16 3,~5O no or 4’S SO’S 3:,56 38 3,5 4,7 30 39 7,200 47 29 50 3)O’i 3557 31 37 4,7 , 37 44 3,270 45 29 50 297 Jo

62 27 S’S 4-8 1 (30 51 3,300 68 30 sm mi-nOn 43 53 49 3m 39 3,350 65 10 5-2 III moCo 57 Sr 4.9 - 32 26 3,400 63 30 52 em-s

561 60 II 4’S 00 ‘ ,°‘“ .3:5131 3,470 60 30 5,3 33’S. 633 35as rr 47 sn 0.1 :n4 6 3,000 57 30 53 3:52 . 3558 21 4-4 52 ‘ .3459 3,550 51 30 5,1 328 4(157 32 4.1 52 35 55 3,600 51 30 54 32.0 40

113 19 6’S 5:1) i 30 135 3,670 68 3i S’S 36’S 30(32 43 lIsi sm 30 50 3,700 66 31 56 :16’6 as

595 )I2 5 er S’s i 31 28 :1,750 6:5 3i 57 $63 I 35on 26 n’s s’s A, N”. 6 I 32 9 8,000 Gm on 5,7 30’i I 659 75(1)) 45 S’S 553 u.N 0, 5 ‘I 52 Si 3,850 (19 Irs-san’s 1 4060 2 52 31,7 , 3:5 16 3,900 57 II S’S 37.5 40

sm sr mu s-n s’7 Si 22 3,950 55 am S’S 352 4058 28 4’S S’S :15 Oi 4,000 53 32 60 31’S -no

(13 26 7 ‘3 51) I 1:10 IT 4,050 69 32 0’O 38’S 3502 54 7-u co I 30 sn ~,moo 60 32 Gm :186 4002 20 09 60 . — Ii 26 I 4,150 01 :m2 62 am 10

6i7 (045 67 6’i~ ~ 211,200 6i 12 63 33’i. 7’8 40Iii 8 6’S 62 ‘ °‘~ 324014,250 593,2 u’s 17-91 4560 29 (i’i 13 3:1 r 4,300 57 33 64 37 ‘6 ‘ is319495’S 63 3359 1,350 57, 33 6’~ 37-mm ms

03 25 7’S 64 I 30 2 4,400 68 3:1 6’S 40762 55 7-0 Ii’s :~O a~ 4,470 60 3:5 66 40’S ‘ , no02 23 74 6’S’- mum 4 4,500 64 35 li’7 40:1 406i 51 73 06 A. No. 8 :11 35 4,570 62 33 67 40’i ms

640 em us 7-n 67 fi, No. 7 : 22 9 4,600 30 a~I ~ 39’S 814 43160 44 8’s 6’S 32 41 4,1350 53 33 6.9 39’S ‘ 4560 10 60 6’S ‘ 53 i’s 4,700 56 34~6’I) 392 , 4559 6 S’S 81) . 7)15 42 , 4,750 03 34 70 37-n 50

63 55 0-2 7 ‘0] ‘30 15 4,500 7 i 34 7 ‘0 42’S 4563 30 8‘8 7 ‘I 30 42 I 4,850 69 34 7 ‘I 420 45

668 63 3 84 ~‘1 31 10 4,900 06 :14 71 424 4562 34 8,0 ‘2 ‘ Si 39 4,950 64 34 72 421 560 4562 5 7,7 ‘9 :m2 no s,ooo 62 35 72 4i ‘9 4561 .74 74 7.3 ‘ [ 32 42 7,050 60 35 7-3 4i ‘7 5061 2 7_n -e A, No.9 33 15 autO ss os 73 414 I I r,o60 28 6’S ‘5 , ii, No, S I 33 50 5,150 57 uS 7 ‘4 4i ‘r so59 13 66 ‘6 34 27 5,200 55 35 7’S 40’S 55

665 59 17 6’i ‘6 , 35 5 5,200 53 35 7 ‘3 406 860 5558 35 O’i ‘7 . 1 35 45 5.300 51 35 7’6 402 uo57 58 0-0 ‘8 36 26 I 5,350 (9 10 1 7 ‘739’5 ‘ 6057 10 5,7 ‘0 37 7 .5,400 4S 36 77 moo50 St u’S , ‘9) 137 51 5,450 11,31! 7’8 394 3.5

14

5’ Elevation te ee 50° .2nJor Deflection ‘6 Zoi,e~,

gives: ‘— C ‘ i.,5, 100

- — ‘_ — ‘rime s~k ‘ a;, Charges. ~ um~,ge,u)i’ft,l 0~IF~r~°~

:~ ‘~ - ~‘ ~ -~‘5’O 2 13 o..’2ç~ -~ ‘o13 35 2 ‘5~ ,:i ~ ,,~ ~

a Yds. Yds, a Yds. ‘ Ydo, Yds. Seco. 10.-tons, Yds.(14 47 moo ~‘o 29 47 5,500 72 316 7’S 4137 4561 24 iO’O 81 30 12 5,550 70 30 79 46’S 45

009 531 1 100 Si 30 26 5,600 68 36 80 46’S 068 SO6:) :51) 7,00 52 31 1 5,650 67 37 0-0 46’i 5063 14 9-3 s’s 31 20 6,70) 35 37 sn 45’t) 5162 49 92 84 51 53 5,750 on 37 52 457 55(32 23 1)2 04 32 20 5,000 32 317 8 ‘2 45’S 55cm no 87 8’S A. No. 10 32 47 5,850 (10 mIT S’S 452 55131 29 8(1 8’(i 3m, No.9 33 56 5,500 58 37 8.4 47-0 53On 1 8’3 87 33 44 6,550 56 37 8,4 44’S 60130 32 8-0 B’7 34 14 6,000 55 iS S’S 44.5 0060 i 7 ‘0 S’S 34 45 6,050 53 38 80 442 0059 29 7,4 8,9 35 18 6,100 sn 38 86 45,9 965 (1558 50 7-n e’O 35 52 0,150 50 33 87 436 6558 2i (I’ll 90 3627 (1,200 49 38 8’S 43,3 0557 44 62 0-i ~37 5 6,250 48 38 8’9 430 . 70

64 iS it 8’S] 30 0 5,850 65 37 53 410 50(71 55 11 50 30 24 5,900 67 37 8.4 47 ‘4 50(33 32 ii 87 30 45 35,070 60 37 8’S 47 ‘2 51)63 ‘3 10 8.7 an i2 (3,000 64 17 S’S 47 ‘0 1))(II 45 10 851 31 37 6,050 63 37 50 4)38 50),‘2’21 11) 89 32 2 6,100 61 38 87 466 55

so no s-s mo ‘27 1i,iSO 55 38 8’7 404 5560 30 9 90 S’l 53 (3,200 50 38 S’s 46’ I (1061 4 t) 1)’; ti 21 6,270 .531 :38 S’s 453’ (10

7151 60 36 9 9-1 A. Nm 113 50 6,303) 55 38 9’S -15-li iOU! (03(10 Ii 8’ ((‘2 II. No, no 31 II t,356 U 09 90 45’:) (35so :11 S 9:3 : am 11,4+1 52 39 0’ t 450 (1559 0 7 9’ I 71 27 6,170 7,0 39 9-2 4 II 7053 23 7 11-5 36 3 (3,500 43) 39 93 443 7017 42 09’S 30 45 6,530 48 33) 91 43’s 70so 54 5 3 ‘(3 37 12 6,6110 40 40 94 .1mm ‘31 • 7555 59 4 9-7 38 27 (1,65)) 45 40 9’S 427 00Sn 53 3 97 29 35 (1,700 4:1 40 90 420 8053 24 3 08 41 2 6,750 -~2 40 97 41-0 05Si 12 ‘1 9-9 43 20 0,000 41 4i S’S :19-n

64 51 11.4 92] 30 im 13,300 Ii 38 90 1+0732 (11 -31 lI-I S‘2 30 33 (3,37,0 69 39 91 49_s 1,05:5 75

(14 ii 71)9 93 :10 55 6,11)0 67 30 Si 49,6 57,,13 Sm’ no ‘91)’4 31 iS 6,450 (15 3994 494 (10(71 28 mCI 9,~ :11 II 6,500 6:1 19 9 ‘I Ii ‘2 (01513 1 mli’s s’~ :12 5 0,570 62 39 93 400 (30(11 4i 100 9-sI :1229 (3,1301) II 39 9,4 ms’s (10(12 18 iOU 9’7 II sn 6,650 59 49 os 48(3 (15511 54 iO ‘0 97 1.5 19 6,3(10 58 40 96 40’) (1561 29 93) 9’S :13 -14 6,7511 57 41) 96 -1.82 (1561 -11)29-9 34 iO (3,500 53 40 9-7 -17’S 70(30 33 90 moo 34 37 0,050 54 40 9’S 470 73)(10 ii 59 71)0 15 5 0,903) 53 II (5 17 ‘S 7559 43~ 5,3 no’i A, N’, ii J 35 3)4 6,1)50 51 15 S’S 47’l 75

ii 7~ 10 ‘2 ( rm. Nm) :1(1 4 7,000 :0 41 no’o Il’S 755843 7’S 103 miii so 7,050 41) It moo il’S 91)58 10 71 1(5:5 17 30 7,100 46 4i mo_i lii’2 83)

:15 ta ion 17 71 7,153 46 .12 117 ISa as7751 .63 59 64 mo’s .15 ‘22 7,2)30 15 12 10-2 -~5-I 1,05:) 05

5619 62 no’s so n ~,sso 14 42 n0’S inn 90so 15 $5 106 19 41 7,300 -13 42 no i 41 ‘6 93)51 54 b’i iO’7 40 ‘24 7,570 42 43 10 ‘1 44’S 1)551 6 44 mo’s Ii 1:1 7,15)11 in ~:m ((‘7, 430 33573 ms mm’s ill’s 44 10 7,170 .11) 43 106-712 113355-2 18 Ia 1)9 1:1 ill 7,560 10 4:1 nor -12 ‘Ii 1110SI 13 ‘2,8 110 41 3i 7,570 :18 41 10-7 4mm) nOS

715 50 0 ‘I’S ho 40 ü 7,600 :17 44 mu-s 4n-2 11045 38 i’S 111) 47 47 7,650 310 44 iO’9 is sm 111,

WAll OFFICiO (A. 2.),

June, 1906.

15

DRILL FOR 945-INCH B.L. HOWITZER.

(In all words of command, the word “Gun” will be usedinsteadof “Howitzer” for the sakeof brevity.)

‘l’ILE 1)mo’i’AcimsmmoNT.

‘rise detachmentconnsistsof 11 inumimben’s, wino will fall ins two deep,1 on theleft of the front rammk.

‘I’o TELL Os-i-’.

Section(iornntaude’,’. ,No, 1.

,S’ectzon ; ~l’ello,f/”

On time on’der “ Toll O//’” from the Seetioum Cumninmnamidei’, 1 nnmnnibui’,s

1, themiglit handnmman of tine rear rank 2, mis front i’amnk nuan 3, amid so

on mi successionto the left.

1)no’I’A,eIroIIoN’r’ liroAlt.

Fornmmedasabove,ins roar of thebed,f1mcimlg the front.

E’OS[’I’!ONS IN Ac’rrox.1 in ream’of the ceuntreof the bell, facimig thi~fromiL2 and4 on the rigiut of time gun.3 and5 oii the left of the gnus. -

2 amid 3 in linie with andfacimig thebi’eeeli,4 on time left of 2.5 on time right of 3.6 amid 8 with time s’~mi’trids~-eo.7, 9, 10 and11 with time shells.

‘lo I~i1noL’A itno i-s ,mt A C’1’1( SN.

~olt (,‘oo~netoeie,’. LVO. 1,

ection; Ps’epa’i’e,/bi’ _-l ctiuu.” ‘‘ ~\~o Prepuce,foi’ Action.”

‘lime storesarebreug’lnt imp as follows1 clinoineter, pieceof chalk, note book andpcnum~i.2 ramnmien’amid sponge,nniaul nmnid traversing’ ievem’.3 two aimniing’ posts,a 5—ft. picket, oil can amid waste.4 sightamid thing lanyard.5 elevatinghandle.4 and5 box of tools,&c., belongingto the gmnn.6 amid 8 tubesamid box of obturatingcups.7 fuzes, fuze key anda brush.7, 9, 10 and II two loading boxes.5 in eachSection—-Box of spareparts’ andtools.

16

The anumunnition supply wIll be ari-aniged fun’ as circumstancespermit.

Tine stores having booms at’m’amiged. 1 receivesreports, from theimuntibersresponsible, of any h’m’eguham’ity on~mleticiomney in connectionwith thegun, amnmumnition or st-ores. lie examinesthe buffer, seeingthat it is propen-lyfilled. lie will test tine clinometerfor index em-i-or,reporting any en’ror to theSection (]omnmmmuler. He seesthat time bomeis clean’.

2 phmmces the rammer,spongeamid maul on tIne right of tho gun,headsto tine front, ranmmscr mmeam-est to the gun, themaul outside, lbputs on the traversing lever andseesthat the travem’sing gear workscorrectly, then removesthe hoverand lays it on the lean-of tine bed.lIe seestinat tine hoadimug tt-ay swings freely, amid puts on the clamping

handle of time hoashing tray. (This he obtainsfronts thebox of toolsbroig-lit up by 4 amid 5.)

3 phu’es thne memuu)ng posts amid picket on time m-iglit of tine g’mmnI,headsto the mount hletwecin time spomige and nmaul; placestim oil camsamid waste mm a convenuenit position for misc. lie assiSts 5 tO CXtuiiinletine elevatimig-gear. LEo thenn openis time bm’eechm, seesthat tim sci’ewthnm’ea)ls am-ccleansaind lice fm-um bmmu’n-s, oiling tineni if mnccesssry.

4 imuoks tine prevounter imook of time lanyard to time staplein ream-of the cam-i-ioge,coils sip time lanyardanal lays it on tine nearof thecru’riago. Afteu’ 5 hasexaminedthe elevatingg’ean’, 4 fixes tine sight,ci 15151 nu g the (loll ecti(In seato at ()a~

5 puts on tim eievmnt.iug’ handle,and assistedby 3, exaimitties tineelevatlung gear,leavinmg’ the guns in the 1011(10mg position, i.e., (lepn’essedto flue Is sashi mig st~-~l°’

6, assistedby 8, pm’epare-sto mnakemnp cau’tridges.

7 ~ to lix fuzes.7, 9, 10 and 11 placea shell in each loading box,cleanmingtIme shell

if nieeessai-y.‘l’he boxes of tools amid spare lat’ts arc placed mm comivenmient

1lositionms, cheam- of the won-king of the guni.

To Om’nlN TilE IIUIOECII.

3 with imis heft initud n’elcasestime elutchof tine safetystop,at thesrmune time with his right hminmd ~ time rig-lit handle1Sf the breechscrew downmwai-ds; 11am shiFtinmg mis left iiand to tine other handle.lie

mrrmis tine breechseu’eWto time might mis far as it will g-o ; he tiuenm w’ttlm—dn’aws time bm’eecim screw tund swiungsit roundon its cru-l’ien’.

Note—3 mnnmnst not wit indn-aw tue breechscrewtoo sharply—it isapt to over—noun time spring stop bolt.

To Cr.osro i-mo Bamoncn.3 swimngs time breechscrew remind into t lne breech,andassistedby

2, if necessary, usiucs it hmoinme ; then locks it by timm’miing it to time let tOs fat’ as it nvihl go.

‘ii) LoAn.

~S’o’c’tsonCoinmasmdci-. .N’o. 1.

eclioss.” “XeS/u/i Lent.” ~ SInelI Load,”

“ Clsurye “ “ (1mw-ge.. . . “

1 gives6 time cimarge reqmiircd. He ilaces IJilnIselfin aconsveiuiemn’tpc*itio1i where hme earn su

1~erimmtundtiie loading-.

17

7 fixes thefuzo, 7, 9, 10 and 11 bring up tine shell in the loadingbox,beingcarefulto seethat tine lids arehooked,andplacetine loadingbox on the loadingtray.

2 raisestine front lid of thebox ; 10 the rearlid.10 and 11 then returnandprepareanothershell. 2 unclampstine

loading tray andswings it roundinto tine breech.4 supplies2 with thes-ansmer.2 takestherammerins a hon-izontal

positioun from 4—right handbackup neartine rammer head,left handbackdown mnear time censtr-e; lie places tim i-amnmer head rrgamnmstthebaseof tine shell and shifts his might hand out to the left; 3 takeshold of the rammer ins a similar niaminer to 2. 2 and3 ruim the sheiiabouthalf-way houne,then reach out to time emid of tine stave,amid onthe word “Ifonse” from 1, force the smellmaid home.

2 withdraws time m’annmnser, hands it back to 4 who replaces it.2 swings the ioadinmg tray clear andclampsit.

7 and9 removetheemptyloadingbox,6 makes up tine cartridgeto tine chargeonderoci, amid screw’s a

pm’innier into time vent of time obturatingcup.8 bringsup thecartnidgeinn time obtmnratitig- ctmp andhandsit to 3.3 fixes the cup iii positionsoni tine front of tho breeds screw, seeing

that time vent goesright home. 3 then closestine breech. 8 removestime obtun-ating cup from the previousround,if any.

E—Siot forA—Venib. rotiainiiig

bolt.B—Cup. F—Threaded

C—Stalk. socket forprimer.

6 is i-esponsiblefor the correctnessof the charge. lb will placean obturating cup in tine wooden block provided,with the metal guideovertim rinn of time cup.

lie will then seethat time chargei5 madeup of time proper numberof lange and small portions (mm large portion witin tine igniter tipper—most should be placed on top) and secureiy tied to time paper cup.He will tIne-n invert thecharge,aridplaceit in time obtui-atimngcup,beingcareful that the igniter comesover tine vent, lie them fon-ces tinepapercup evenly dowmn until it is wedgedbelow the edge of theobturating cup. Tine mnnotal guideis thenremoved,tine cup is reversedon the wooden block, and tine primer screwedinto tire vent.

The shell shouldnot be fuzeduntil just before it is s-equired.5 should~lsecareful to depu-esstine gum exactlyto theloading posi-

tion, 1 adjustmgthe loading stopif necessary,and2 shouldbe carefulto swing the loading tn-ny completelyround into positionu.

(0802)

NOTES ON EjOADING.

B

18

Neglectof theseprecautionsmay leadto a she-il jamming,andcon-sequentlyto considerabledelay.

To LAY OUT TIlE LINE or FIRE.

The line of fire will be obtainedby one of themethodsdescribedinGarrisonArtillery r[lrainmIig. Vol. II (Siege). \V’lnen anaiming post innsto be held up atthe sight this will be donme by4, while 6 will takeoutan aiming pestto the- front or rear whenrequired.

To LAY TilE Gux IN TIlE LINE OF FIRE.

Section Gommander. No. 1.

“Take Postto Lay.”4 placeshimself at thesigint; 2 putson tine traversingleverand

traversesas orderedby 4. 4 lays on tine director with time sight atzero; 1 notes tine readingon the traversingarc and erders2 to trmm-versethe gun through the angle ordered.

1 thou takesthe level of the trummnions and Ieportsanny differemncein level to the Section(~ommannder.

If necessary - time deflection scale may be used to pick up anatnxihiary mark, 5 attending to tine deflection leaf; 2 amid 3 piamntiing mmpicket in line with the auxiliary mark on tine order “ plant picket”ft-em 4. 4 will note the descriptionof tine munxiiiary mark and thei-eadinmg of thedef]ectiomn scale. Ho tinemi removestine sightamid placesit clear.

To LAY T~EGUN.

SectionUommander. No 1.

“ No Gun.” “ TakePost to Lay.”“ Training . . . . “ Trail Right.” “ Tm-nil Left.”

mom-c left (or m-ig/mt).”~ - “ flu it .“

“ Pjlevation ‘‘ “ Depress.” ‘‘ Elevate.’’ ‘‘ I/alt.”0 Clamp.”

1 repeats time training and elevation ordered by tine SectionConmmaimdem’ and notes it. 2 traversesas directed by 1; 2 thenrennoves the trove-usinghoverand lays it down; 4 sets tine chinonieten-amid handsit to 1; 3 amid 5 elevateaS directed by 1, tIme tnt-st nnotiomm

beinngole-vat-ions. 5 clampsthe elevating goon’ on time omder’ ClanmnpIrons 1. 1 removes the clinomneter,andtIne nunmberstakepost.

‘ro MAKE READY AND Fine.

- Section Conmnwneles-. No. 1.

“ Else No Gums.” “ No I?eadt,.” “ Fire.”1 gives “ Read!,.” 4 hooksthe laiuyard to time striker, passesthe

lanyardunderthe lanyard gmnide mid stretches tine lammyam’d taut. mold—mug tire togglewith 1)0th hmmind~. 1, 2, 3, mud 5 dressback in line with4. 1 the-mugives tine order “ Fire,” sviieni 4 pulls the lanyardsti-onighytowards him (the puil is heavy).

In caseof a miss-fire, after a pauseof tent seconds,4 again hooksthe lanyard,keepingclearof recoil.* and 1 again gives the order to

* ~~is possibleto hook the lanyard to the strikerby reachingunder the sidobracketsof the carm’iage.

t ~ will include anycos-m’ection necessaryfor difference in level of trunnions.

19

fire. In caseof a secondmiss-fire, 1 will report to the SectionCorn-mmmnder, nod after a pauseof threeminutes the breechwill be-opened,the obturatinngcup removed, amid tine prime-n- examined. If the primerhas beenwell stm-uck theprimer will be replacedby a fresh onne. Ifthe primer hasnot beenstm-uck, 1 will change time striker.

As soonastime gun is fired - 4 coils up the lanyard and m-oplacesit0mm the n-ear of tine carriage. 5 depressesthe gun to the loading posi-tron. 3 openns tine bce-ecu,removesthe obturatitig cup,anl(l handsitto 1. 1 exaininnesit to seeif it is free fi-omn cracks. If tine cup isserviceable,1 placesit en tine left rearcornerof the bed; if unservice-ableit will be placedoni one side, 1 reporting the fact to time SectionCounmander.

If necessary,4 supplies 2 with time sponge;2 spongesout andreplacestime spongehimself.

For thefirst few mounds it may be necessaryfor 4 to lay backonthe auxiliary mnan-k, 1 checkingtine reading0mm time traversingarc.

To CEASE FIRING.

SectionGommander. No. 1.

CeaseFiring.” “ CeaseFiring.”

3 closes tine breech. 5 depressesthe gun. Tine stores are re-placedby tine nimmnberswiro brought the-mn up.

Din-lids or— Timid No. 1.

1. lIe is responsiblefor tine ehlicienit service of his gun, and thattine SectiomiCommander’sordersare carriedout.

2. He lays for elevatiomn,puts on the training ordered,amid should,fronn time to time, seethat tine deflection scale is correctlysetby tinegun layer.

3. lie gives tire order to load arid to fire to mis gun, amid his gun isnever to be fired without mis order.

4. In tine absenceof tine Section ~ommandorthe seniorNo. 1 oftine sectiontakeshis place. If t is inconvenientfor time section corn-mnnaniden-.owinig to other duties,to passdowni tine ordersm’eceivedfrernntime- battery commander-,ire simould do so for him; mind he shouldalwaysbe en the look out fom- this occurring.

DUTIES OF TIlE GUN LAYER.

I. He is responsiblefor haying his gun in the line of fire.2. Before haying each round hue will check time readingsof the

deflectionscaleto seethat it hasnot shifted.

ALTERATIONS.

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