Halting desertification in Europe

1st Quarterly Report (1st February 2011- 1st May 2011)

i-adapt: Innovative approaches to halt desertification in Pinios:

Piloting emerging technologies.

1. Introduction

Name of beneficiary of grant agreement: National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

Official legal form: University (Public Law Body) Official registration No: 16735 Official address: 9, Heroon Polytechneiou, Zographou, Athens EL – 157-80, Greece. VAT number: EL 09979347 Name and title of the Project Coordinator: Professor Maria Mimikou (NTUA) Name of partners in the pilot initiative

NTUA (contact person: Dr Christos Makropoulos) NAGREF(contact person: Dr Christos Tsadilas) HYDROEX (contact person: Dr Spyros Michas) LDK (contact person: Dr Stavros Damianides)

Title of the pilot initiative: i-adapt: Innovative approaches to halt desertification in Pinios: Piloting emerging technologies.

Grant agreement number: 07.0316/2010/581799/SUB/D1 Start date and end date of the reporting period: 1st Feb 2011 – 1st May 2011 Target country/region: Pinios River Basin, Thessaly, Greece.

2. Results Produced

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the results of the project in the reporting period - both in terms of outcomes (what new knowledge has the project produced and how will this improve the potential to halt desertification?) and deliverables (reports, training, conferences, meetings, leaflets, books and others). It consists of two tables - namely, Tables 1 and 2 presented below. Table 1 is aimed at providing an overview of all results, highlighting results achieved in the reporting period. This table is in alignment with Forms 3a and 3b in the grant agreement. Table 1 provides an overview of all envisaged outcomes and deliverables, and was divided into two sub-tables to improve readability. Attention is paid to the status column with regard to the results achieved in the reporting period. Apart from a discussion on the status of the result, a text in italics is also included in the status column, to highlight possible suggestions, request assistance/advice by the Commission and its contractors.

Table 1 Results, <1st Feb – 1st May>, <i-adapt>Results Brief description Status, including constraintsOutcomesAssessment of measures to increase supply in Pinios

Investigate, assess and cost options that have the potential to increase water supply in the specific case of the Pinios River Basin. This will be achieved through a combination of past case studies, literature, modelling, pilots, and contact with stakeholders.

The three options that are identified (RWH, WWRC and Leakage Reduction) are all under way (see discussion in deliverables).

Data availability (incl. representative costs) is a potential issue as these technologies have not been applied in large scales and hence economies of scale issues are harder to anticipate. Leakage reduction is associated with the need to quantify the amount of leakage occurring. This has not been done to date – it is planned within i-adapt, but clearly the amount of fieldwork that can be undertaken within the project is limited.

Assessment of measures to decrease demand in Pinios

Investigate, assess and cost options that have the potential to decrease water demand in the specific case of the Pinios River Basin. This will be achieved through a combination of past case studies, literature, modelling, pilots, and contact with stakeholders.

There are three major options that will be investigated here: (a) metering and pricing, (b) precision agriculture (c) alternate crops. (b) and (c) are well underway. Especially in precision agriculture the project already has a significant amount of data, provided by combined ongoing work with other projects (Hydrosense).

Metering and pricing may be an issue, as there are very few actual pilots of such practices in Greece (for agriculture) and most of them have not been very successful. There is clearly no possibility of conducting a new pilot in i-adapt, as such experiments need several years of monitoring to assess actual changes in behaviours. The intention here is to collect all relevant studies from Greece (and potentially similar environments such as Spain, Italy and Portugal) and produce an assessment – highlighting assumptions and limitations.

A plan of action against desertification

An desertification action plan – together with a level of buy-in from stakeholders.

The plan is a final project deliverable and as such no specific action has been undertaken within this reporting period. However, the stakeholder workshop and the intended feedback that will be requested for DPSIR and technologies is a first step towards getting stakeholder buy in.

The constraint here is likely to be that the potential for implementation of this plan, apart from its technical adequacy and favourable stakeholder stance will also depend on external

constraints. These include funding by the central government and/or the EU as well as legal and institutional arrangements and are necessarily outside the scope of i-adapt. The project will flag, whenever possible such issues in the plan.

Results Brief description Status, including constraints

Deliverables

Project website A website for the project, acting as both PR and project collaboration centre.

Planned by M3. It has been completed (www.i-adapt.gr ). A document sharing site has also been included under password. A dedicate dropbox site has also been setup, beyond what was originally foreseen, for day-to-day exchanges of files, documents and data.

What was requested was the web addresses of the other pilots to include in the website (under interesting links). So far we have not received this.

Short Progress and Financial Reports

Technical progress and financial reporting

This report is the first quarterly report (M3). Reports for M6, M12, M15 will also be submitted in due time.

Final Project Report This will provide an overview of the project and be based on the progress reports. It will also provide a link between the project deliverables.

This will be produced by M18. No action has been undertaken in this reporting period.

3 Workshops and Brainstorming Sessions

Workshops and sessions involving the project partners and invited experts.

The first session (project kick-off) which was originally planned for M2 was undertaken on M1 (7th Feb 2011). The relevant report has been sent to DG Env. The second session will take place on M5 (3rd June 2011 together with the stakeholder workshop (see below)). One more workshop will take place in October. Other workshops and sessions will be organised on a need basis.

DPSIR Study for Desertification in Pinios

A driver-pressure-state-impact-response study of the Pinios basin, focusing on water scarcity issues.

This is foreseen for M6. The report is under development and its first draft will be circulated in the stakeholder workshop in June for feedback.

Knowledge Base with supply increasing technologies for Pinios (incl. technical and cost data)

This will be an excel-based data base, in which for each technological option for increasing supply, there will be data on its application, cost, efficiency, effectiveness, possible side effects and conditions for its application.

This is foreseen for M10. It was suggested that the knowledge base should contain enough information to allow for stakeholder evaluations. Similar (excel-based) knowledge bases such as the one developed for the ClimWatAdapt project are being examined.

Report on the wastewater reuse potential of the Pinios Basin

The report will quantify the potential for reusing wastewater in Pinios and provide assessments of source quantities, target areas and related costs.

This is foreseen for M12. Criteria for choosing areas to be irrigated with reclaimed wastewater have been established. A review of newly adopted JMD on WW Reuse has been undertaken. Finally, an initial review of data availability on irrigated areas and crops that could be irrigated with the reclaimed wastewater was undertaken within the reporitng period.

Report on the RWH potential of the Pinios Basin (incl. RWH suitability maps)

This deliverable will include suitability maps for RWH application in the Pinios Basin and quantify the effect and costs of different levels of RWH technologies deployment in the catchment.

This is foreseen for M12. A methodology for the development of suitability maps has been developed. GIS datasets are being collected to support the methodology. A review of modelling approaches has indicated potential for embedding some RWH practices in SWAT. WEAP21 is also investigated, although no firm decision on its use has yet been taken.

Report on the potential for moving from open channels to piped systems in Pinios

The report will assess costs and benefits for changing parts of the irrigation system to closed pipes – particularly focusing on parts of the network with high leakage rates.

This is foreseen for M7. No action has been taken on this activity in the reporting period. The activity (and deliverable) is linked to the assessment of leakage levels (see below).

Knowledge Base on water saving technologies applicable to Pinios (incl. costs)

This will be an excel data base, in which for each technological option for water saving, there will be data on its application, cost, efficiency, effectiveness, possible side effects and conditions for its application.

This was originallyforeseen for M7, but is now planned for M10, to coniside with the equivalent dbase for water supply technologies. Initial work on the attributes of the data base have been explored (see also supply increasing technologies knowledge base).

Review of effects of metering and quota water management in Pinios

In the review, the project will collect and critically evaluate past case studies in the area (and where available, other similar areas in Greece) to come up with recommendations on the potential for application of such options.

This is foreseen for M7. No action has been taken on this activity in the reporting period.

Suitability maps for the application of efficient water application technologies, and “alternate” crops

This is a set of GIS layers identifying areas where scaling up of precision agriculture technologies (and/or alternate crops) may prove beneficial.

This is foreseen for M10. No action has been taken on this activity in the reporting period.

Pilot of state-of-the-art proximal remote sensing technologies to irrigation in Pinios

This is a pilot application of precision agriculture in specific plots within the Pinios river basin. The pilot is directly linked with the pilot areas of the hydrosense project, which has already installed sensors and is monitoring performance.

This is scheduled for M12. However, this is an ongoing activity. A new experiment is currently underway, testing sensors and approach in soils different than the original hydrosense project.

The main constraint here is that an adequate set of recorded data will become available in early autumn

Pilot of a methodology for calculating leakage in irrigation canals

A novel method, based on ADCP technology will be used to investigate leakage of irrigation canals in Pinios. The intent is to produce a typology of canals and then measure leakage levels in characteristic canals and upscale. This deliverable entails field measurements and the use of a subcontractor that will provide this specialized equipment and training.

This is scheduled for M12. Initial work by NAGREF and HYDEX has identified the special characteristics of the appropriate channels for the measurement. 7 candidate sub-contractors, who could supply the necessary equipment and train the NAGREF personnel for the execution of field measurements were approached – finalisation of the contract for ADCP measurements is expected within the next few weeks.

Surface water hydrologic model for Pinios

A GIS-based SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) river basin model, which simulates management practices (irrigation included) and their impact on the hydrological cycle for the Pinios basin.

Note that the modelling and assessment is focusing on the Pinios River Basin and not the whole of Thessaly RBD.

This is planned to be completed by M8. The simulation of the baseline is underway as well as the testing of several alternative irrigation practices for a pilot area. Meteorological and hydrological time-series data were obtained and processed. GIS layers (land use –soils) were produced. Current management practices partly identified. The main issue here is related to the collection of more detailed historical information on the irrigation practices with respect to time and space, as well as demand timeseries for irrigation (and supply, but this is considered much simpler).

Groundwater model for Pinios The MODFLOW groundwater model will be used to simulate grounwater flows within a number of test subcatchments of the Pinios river basin.

This will be completed by M8. The main programming and data requirements for making such a coupling operational have been met by identifying the parameters of both models that should be exchanged from one model to another. Data for GW modelling have been collected. Initial work setting up modflow for two catchments within the Pinios River Basin (Sarakina and Titarisios) have started.

The original suggestion of using ZOOM as the groundwater model linked to SWAT via OpenMI was examined but was considered to be a high risk pathway, due to the partial compatibility of SWAT with ZOOM. Although work to make SWAT compatible with ZOOM in OpenMI 1.4 is undertaken, this should now be considered a plan B and, if succesful, will constiute added value to the project.

An integrated hydrological model for the Pinios Basin

For the test subcachments, where a full groundwater model has been developed (see above), SWAT and MODFLOW will be linked via scripting (outside OpenMI). The rest of the Pinios Basin will be represented in SWAT (both surface and groundwater).

This is planned for M10. A literature review has been undertaken to identify the best way of linking SWAT and MODFLOW. Three methods from recent academic litarature have been shortlisted.

A library of methods (mapping routines) to model alternative technologies and practices within the integrated model

SWAT was not originally designed to model water scarcity measures. The project will develop methods to simulate alternative technologies and practices within the integrated model.

This is planned for M10. This task is well underway, as it was considered a critical path activity. Several options for simulating practices have been examined, by modifying and re-calibrating parameters of the SWAT model.

The issue that was identified was modelling water losses, for which SWAT does not have an ideal conceptualisation. Several workarounds are being investigated, including some modelling using the WEAP21 model.

Pinios-specific water scenarios A set of water scenarios (primarily climatic and landuse) will be developed for the Pinios Basin, compatible to current EU-wide R&D. The purpose of the development of these scenarios is to then use them as input to the integrated model and test the resilience of the different measures to changing conditions.

This is planned for M8. A review of ongoing and recent work on scenarios at the EU scale was undertaken and it was suggested that for compatibility reasons with similar studies conducted in EU research projects (DG RESEARCH FP6,7) and elsewhere, the IPCC SRES family of climate scenarios A2 (moderately free trading environment with rapid innovation and high turnover of capital and some concerns about environmental sustainability), B1 (world of increased concern for environmental sustainability) and/or A1B will be considered.

User friendly Decision Support Tools for new technologies implementation in Pinios

A Genetic Algorithm in Matlab will be used to drive a multi-objective optimisation process for selection and placement of alternative irrigation practices, under different scenarios.

This will be completed in M10. The structure of the model has been developed in MATLAB and is using SWAT as the water simulator for testing alternative measures. A Database, which stores data for all locations in the area is then created, in order to use the data in the optimisation process, decreasing computation time. Initial test runs have been conducted for a subcatchmnet of the Pinios Basin (the Ali Efenti subcatchment) and initial results seems promising.

Desertification Action Plan for Pinios

This will use the knowledge developed in the project and produce a specific action plan targeted in the agricultural sector and aiming in reducing the imbalance between demand and availability and protecting the Pinios River Basin from desertification.

This is one of the last project deliverables, planned for M14. Within this reporting period, it was agreed that the plan will include two types of interventions: (a) “quick wins”: technologies that can be applied immediately, do not need significant investment and can start saving water from day1 and (b) more long term interventions that require more investment and advance planning time. It was also suggested that the DPSIR study will contribute to this and an initial review of plans of similar scope internationally has been initiated.

Promotional material Leaflets, brochures, posters etc. A project brossure and a poster for the 1st stakeholder workshop is currently under development. They will both be distributed in Larissa prior to the workshop.

2 Workshops with stakeholders from Pinios

Workshops where stakeholders interact with the researchers and provide feedback to options, ideas and results.

The first workshop, originally scheduled for M3 will take place on M5 (3rd June 2011) in Larissa. The second workshop, originally scheduled for M12 will be scheduled towards the end of 2011 or early 2012.

Short documentary on desertification in Pinios

A documentary that will illustrate the problem of desertification,

This is scheduled to finish on M14. A director (Vardis Marinakis) has been identified and given the relevant subcontract. He has developed a concept outline for the documentary and will start filming on June (he will accompany the NTUA team to the Larissa workshop).

Final project workshop The final project workshop will take place in Athens, to allow for National Stakeholders (incl. policy makers such as the Ministries of Environment, Energy and Climate Change and the Ministry of Rural Development and Food) to participate and increase uptake of project results.

This is planned for M14. No action has been taken in this reporting period.

Project monograph (“Innovative approaches to halt desertification in Pinios: Piloting emerging technologies”)

A compilation of key project findings, quantitative data and main recommendations will be included in an edited volume, authored by the project partners.

This will be produced by M15. No action has been taken in this reporting period.

Layman’s Report We will produce a layman’s report, on paper and in electronic format at the end of the project. As suggested in the guidelines, the report will be 10 pages long and be presented both in English and Greek.

This will be produced by M15. No action has been taken in this reporting period.

Table 2 is aimed at providing an overview of the indicators to be used, when monitoring the extent to which the objectives of the pilot initiative in question have been met. Table 2, like Table 1, provides an overview of key envisaged outcomes and objectives. In the comments column information and data will be provided for the indicators.

Table 2 Monitoring plan, <1st Feb – 1st May>, <i-adapt>Results Indicators Source of data CommentsOutcomes/ObjectivesAssessment of measures to increase supply in Pinios

1. Identify potential measures

2. Fill in the technology library

3. Assess via models and desk-studies

4. Feedback from stakeholders

1. Past case studies2. Internal project

reports3. Project

deliverables4. Workshop

reports

To assist in monitoring project development and achievement of objectives, most are directly linked to project deliverables.

Assessment of measures to Same indicators are previous. Same data sources. The project was

decrease demand in PiniosOne additional indicator is the assessment of on-the-ground (pilot) applicability of precision agriculture.

One additional: field data on crop consumptions and yield.

deliberately designed to have symmetry between the supply and demand sides (of actions, objectives, deliverables, results etc).

A plan of action against desertification

1. Identify quick wins2. Identify promising longer

terms strategies3. Assess them via

modelling and desk-studies as well as pilots

4. Receive useful feedback from stakeholders

1. The relevant deliverable

2. Feedback from the workshops

3. Feedback from key stakeholders (incl. SfW)

The potential from actual application of the plan is also linked to issues that cannot be addresse in this project (see discussion above).

For deliverables, indicators include:

The existance of a deliverable is the indicator of its completion.

Progress in monitored internally through 1-monthly progress reports and regular project meetings (mostly online/skype/teleconferences).

A project day-to-day repositiry in dropbox is also used to make background work visible and useful to all partners

The data for monitoring the progress of deliverables, comes from

Internal progress reports

Commission Progress Reports

Deliverables repository online (website)

A complete description of the status of each deliverable is included in Table 1. In the final technical implementation report a sustainability of deliverables will also be produced.

3. Activities Undertaken

This chapter provides an overview of activities carried out in reporting period, including an assessment of these. The activities and also numbering of activities shall correspond to activities listed in the application and hence in the grant agreement.

Table 3 Activities undertaken, <1st Feb – 1st May>, <i-adapt>Title Brief description Implementing body StatusA1 Organize the project board

The Project Board, consists of the Project Coordinator (Prof. M. Mimikou), the technical coordinator (Dr C. Makropoulos) and one representative from each partner organisations. These are, for HYDROEX,

All partners Completed

Dr S. Michas, for LDK Dr S. Damianides and for NAGREF, Dr C. Tsantilas. The board will be responsible for scientific coordination and will ensure a timely and effective project steering.

A2 Setup the website The website has been setup

NTUA Completed. Updated continuously

A3 Setup an advisory group of experts

The following experts have agreed to join the AG: Dr Thomas Dworak (water efficiency, agriculture policy/CAP)Dr Demetris Damigos (environmental economist).

NTUA One more expert is still required to complete this group. Prof. Ann Van Griensven (IHE-Delft) who is collaborating with i-adapt on the OpenMI developments was approached but had to decline due to time limitations. Another modeller (preferably a SWAT expert will be approached).

A4 Reporting Progress Reports All partners Ongoing. Short internal progress reports are collected every month and an internal “inception” report focusing on methodological issues was also developed. Both these are not deliverables and are produced for internal PM purposes.

B1 Organize the stakeholder group

A stakeholder group has been formed in order to provide data and knowledge regarding queries and questions of partners during the project

NAGREF Almost completed. Some additional members of the stakeholder group will be defined as need arises (especially farmers or farmer groups).

B2 Organize workshops/meetings

Meetings and Workshops. NTUA and NAGREF Kick-off meeting in Athens completed. Coordination meeting in Athens with DGEnv also undertaken and completed.1st workshop organized:Larissa 3/6/2011

B3 Conduct the DPSIR study for Pinios

Identify current drivers and pressures of desertification in Pinios, evaluating the impacts from water shortages and potential responses from

NAGREF and NTUA In progress. Collaboration with the stakeholder group.

measures.C1 Assessing waste water reuse potential in Pinios

WWRC potential for agriculture to be developed.

LDK In progress.

As part of NAGREF’s work on precision agriculture, it was agreed that instead of additional sensors as originally foreseen (now paid by another project), an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer will be bought to allow for an analysis of the potential for reusing drainage from fields. This activity, which is supplementary to the project deliverables, will be reported under C1.

C2 Assessing rainwater harvesting measures in Pinios

RWH measures will be assessed by spatial analysis in GIS and by representing these measures in SWAT as ponds and small reservoirs

NTUA A GIS analysis of the study area is in progress in order to identify locations that can offer a high RWH potential. Ponds and reservoirs have been tested in SWAT. However, the WEAP-21 model is additionally tested in simulating such measures.

C3 Costing measures (C1 and C2)

Evaluate costs per additional m3 of water supplied as a function of application scale for both wastewater recycling and rainwater harvesting technologies

LDK Not started yet.

D1 Piloting conveyance efficiency technologies

Developing a cost-effective method for leakage assessment of irrigation canals and (b) estimating the potential for moving from open channels to (i) lined open channels or (ii) closed pipes.

HYDROEX and NAGREF In progress (see discussion in Table 1)

D2 Piloting precision agriculture technologies

Evaluate the effectiveness of efficient water application technologies, low water demanding crops and precision irrigation in time and space. Reproduce these practices and their impacts on water and plant in SWAT.

NAGREF (and NTUA on modelling)

In progress. New sensors have been deployed to examine different soil types. Data from previous projects in the study area have been collected. However, a complete set of data for use in the modelling task will not be available before autumn.

D3 Assessing novel water metering and pricing technologies

Estimates of the potential effect of metering and pricing in the study area, in terms of reduction of demand.

LDK Not started yet.

D4 Costing measures (D1 and D2).

Cost estimation of demand reducing technologies including capital and maintenance cost of measures as well as crop yield prices and labor estimates

LDK Not started yet.

E1 Surface water hydrologic model development

SWAT model setup for the whole Pinios river basin simulating the baseline.

NTUA and HYDROEX Significant progress. A first model of the Pinios river basin has been already setup. A full pilot of the Ali Efenti sub-catchment, with some technological options implemented has already been tested.

E2 Groundwater model development

MODFLOW model simulation of a selected area within the western part of Pinios

HYDROEX Modelling work is well under way. The GW model that was selected in the beginning of the project was ZOOM. However, MODFLOW proved to be more operational with respect to the data availabilities and modellers’ knowledge. OpenMI migration of SWAT is talking longer than expected and should now be considered added value rather than the actual deliverable. MODFLOW will simulate a number of subcatchments. For the rest of Pinios SWAT’s GW routine will be used.

E3 Coupling of models SWAT-MODFLOW model coupling in the selected catchment for GW modelling with MODFLOW.

HYDROEX and NTUA The two models will not be coupled through the OPEN-MI interface as initially planned. An independent coupling of these models is now planned. Implementation in progress.

E4 Assessing alternative interventions

Develop a library of methods representing the alternative water

HYDROEX and NTUA In progress. Initial tests have been performed in a modelled subcatchment

management in the integrated modeling system.

(Ali Efenti).

F1 Development of tools supporting appropriate technologies selection and placement

A MATLAB Decision Support Tool will combine an evolutionary search technique (Genetic Algorithm) with the SWAT model and will evaluate a large number of potential combinations of measures and technologies across the study area.

NTUA The structure of the DST has been already developed. The tool has been tested in the Ali Efenti catchment covering appr. 30% of the study area and a scientific paper will be presented in the Conference CEST 2011 Improvements and upscaling in progress.

F2 Development of Pinios-specific water scenarios

Develop a plausible and consistent set of future scenarios that will take into account climate change, socio-economic developments and extended landuse/cover changes

NTUA Not fully started. Initial screen of relevant scenarios has been undertaken (see table 1)

F3 Desertification Action Plan for Pinios

Produce a specific action plan targeted in the agricultural sector and aiming in reducing the imbalance between demand and availability and protecting the Pinios River Basin from desertification

LDK and HYDROEX Not yet started

G1 Development of promotional material

A wide variety of dissemination material will be developed

NTUA Materials for the 1st workshop are under development (1 leaflet and 1 Poster).

G2 Workshops with stakeholders in Pinios

Raise awareness of the process and its findings

NAGREF The 1st workshop will be held in Larissa and is currently organized.Date: 3/6/2011

G3: Development of project monograph

A documentary that will illustrate the problem of desertification,

NTUA Not started yet

G4: Development of a short documentary for desertification in Pinios

The final project workshop will take place in Athens, to allow for National Stakeholders (incl. policy makers such as the Ministries of Environment, Energy and Climate Change and the Ministry of Rural Development and Food) to participate and increase uptake of project results.

NTUA (subcontracted – NTUA to supervise – NAGREF to advise)

A director (Vardis Marinakis) has been identified and given the relevant subcontract (the contract is less than 10.000, but 3 offers were requested and the decision was made on the basis of cost-benefit). He has developed a concept outline for the documentary and will start filming on June (he will

accompany the NTUA team to the Larissa workshop).

Activity G4: Final project workshop

A compilation of key project findings, quantitative data and main recommendations will be included in an edited volume, authored by the project partners.

NTUA Not started yet

Activity G5: Layman’s Report

We will produce a layman’s report, on paper and in electronic format at the end of the project. As suggested in the guidelines, the report will be 10 pages long and be presented both in English and Greek.

NTUA Not started yet

4. Updated Work Plan

In this chapter we provide an updated work plan regarding the whole period of implementation. If the work plan is unchanged, you may simply refer to the previous report.

Table 4 Work plan, <1st Feb – 1st May>, <i-adapt>Feb11 Mar11 Apr 11 May11 Jun11 Jul11 Aug11 Sep11 Oct11 Nov11 Dec11 Jan12 Feb12 Mar12 Apr12

ActivitiesTask A: Project ManagementActivity A.1: Organize the project boardActivity A.2: Setup the websiteActivity A.3: Setup an advisory group of expertsActivity A.4: ReportingTask B: Engaging the stakeholdersActivity B.1: Organize the stakeholder groupActivity B.2: Organize workshops/meetingsActivity B.3: Conduct the DPSIR study for PiniosTask C: Emerging technologies: Increasing supplyActivity C.1: Assessing waste water reuse potential in PiniosActivity C.2: Assessing rainwater harvesting measures in PiniosActivity C.3: Costing measures related to 3.1 and 3.2Task D: Emerging technologies: Decreasing demandActivity D.1: Piloting conveyance efficiency technologiesActivity D.2: Piloting precision agriculture technologiesActivity D.3: Assessing novel water metering and pricing technologiesActivity D.4: Costing measures related to 4.1, 4.2, 4.3Task E: Modelling and AssessmentActivity E.1: Surface water hydrologic model developmentActivity E.2: Groundwater model developmentActivity E.3: Coupling of modelsActivity E.4: Assessing alternative interventionsTask F: Decision Support and Action PlanningActivity F.1: Development of tools supporting appropriate technologies selection and placement

Activity F.2: Development of Pinios-specific water scenarios

Activity F.3: Desertification Action Plan for Pinios

Task G: Dissemination and outreach

Activity G.1: Development of promotional material

Activity G.2: Workshops with stakeholders in Pinios

Activity G.3: Development of project monograph

Activity G.4: Development of a short documentary on desertification in Pinios

Activity G.5: Final project workshop

Activity G.6: Layman’s Report

Deliverables1 Project website ☺2 Progress reports ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺3 Final project Report ☺3 Workshops/meetings ☺ ☺4 DPSIR study for Pinios ☺5 Knowledge base with supply increasing technologies in Pinios

☺

6 Report on the waste water reuse potential for Pinios ☺7 Report on the RWH potential for Pinios ☺8 Report on the potential for moving from open channels to piped systems

☺

9 Knowledge Base on water saving technologies applicable to Pinios

☺

10 Review of effects of metering and quota water management in Pinios

☺

11 Suitability maps for the application of efficient water application technologies, and “alternate” crops

☺

12 Pilot use of proximal remote sensing technologies for precision irrigation

☺

13 Pilot of a methodology for calculating leakage in irrigation canals

☺

14 Surface water hydrologic model for Pinios ☺15 Groundwater model for Pinios ☺16 An integrated hydrological model for the Pinios Basin ☺17 A library of methods (mapping routines) to model alternative technologies and practices within the SWAT-ZOOM integrated model

☺

18 Pinios-specific water scenarios ☺19 User friendly Decision Support Tools for new technologies implementation in Pinios

☺

20 Desertification Action Plan for Pinios ☺21 Promotional material ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺22 Workshops with stakeholders from Pinios ☺ ☺23 Short documentary on desertification in Pinios ☺24 Final project workshop ☺25 Project monograph: ‘Innovative approaches to halt desertification in Pinios: Piloting emerging Technologies’

☺

26 Layman’s Report ☺MeetingsKick off meeting in Athens ☺

5. Key Findings

It is currently too early to provide key findings. As the project progresses, key findings, as well as publications (papers, reports etc.) and datasets will be uploaded in the project website. The documentary will be in English (with subtitles when necessary) and become a “visual layman’s report” to increase the dissemination of key messages. This will be posted, apart from our website to other general purpose multimedia sites, such as http://www.youtube.com/ and http://vimeo.com/

Annexes

The following two annexes are also included:

Annex I: Institutions Visited and Persons Met. Annex II: References.

Annex I aims at facilitating coordination among pilot initiatives.

References include all written material produced or used (books, reports, flyers, etc.) and all websites visited. Technical reports produced within the pilot initiative are listed here. Clearly, the amount of references that need to be included when a group of nearly 17 researchers work full time is enormous (e.g. websites, academic literature, reports). What is reported here included documents produced by the project and references used in these reports.

Annex I:

Table 5 Institutions visited and persons met, <1st Feb – 1st May>, <i-adapt>

Institution Address Person CoordinatesNational Technical University of Athens(NTUA)

5, Iroon Polytechniou St., 15780AthensGreece

Maria MimikouChristos MakropoulosYiannis Panagopoulos

mimikou@chi.civil.ntua.grcmakro@chi.civil.ntua.grypanag@chi.civil.ntua.gr

NAGREF – Institute of Soil Mapping and Classification (ISMC)

1, Theofrastou St., 41335Larisa, Greece

Christos Tsadilas Lefteris Evaggelou

tsadilas@lar.forthnet.grlevagel@env.aegean.gr

LDK Consultants

21, Thivaidos St., 51299Kifissia, Athens Greece

Stavros DamianidesSofia Papageorgiou

stavros@ldk.gr spa@ldkeco.gr

HYDROEX(Hydroexigiantiki)

3, Evoias St., 15125Marousi, AthensGreece

Spyros MichasAlexandros Giokas

smichas@hydroex.gr agkiokas@hydroex.gr

Secretariat for Water, Ministry of Environment

Kifisias 124 and Iatridou 2, 11526Athens, Greece

Andreas Andreadakis, Special Secretary

e.zerva@kyy.minenv.gr (PA to the Secretary)

Agrocert 1 Patision & Androu St., AthensGreece

Nikos Vagias agrocert@otenet.gr  (210)8231277

Ministry of Rural Development and Food

2, Acharnon St., AthensGreece

George Scandalaros (210)8399785

Annex II:

References (bold indicate i-adapt publications)

Alam, M.M., Bhutta, M.N., 2004, Comparative evaluation of canal seepage investigation techniques, Agricultural Water Management. 66, 65–76.Allen R.G., Pereira L.S., Raes D. and Smith M. (1998) Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop water requirements. FAO Irrigation and

Drainage Paper, 56, Rome.Arabi, M., Frankenberger, J.R., Engel, B.A., & Arnold, J.G. (2008). Representation of agricultural conservation practices with SWAT. Hydrological

Processes, 22(16), 3042-3055.Bedjaoui,N., Weyer,E., Algorithms for leak detection, estimation, isolation and localization in open water channels. Control Engineering Practice

(2010), doi:10.1016/j.conengprac.2010.06.008Carter T.R., Jone R.N., Lu X., Bhadwal S., Conde C., Mearns L.O., O’Neil B.C., Rounsevell M.D.A., Zurek M.B. (2007). New assessment methods and

the characterisation of future conditions. In: Parry M.L., Canziani O.F., Palutikof J.P., Van der Linden P.J., Hanson C.E. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Pp. 133-171

Deb, K., Pratap, A., Agarwal, S., Meyarivan S., 2002. A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II, IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 6(2), 182-197.

Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Official Journal of the European Communities L327/1.

EEA-ETC/TE (2002). CORINE Land Cover update. I&CLC 2000 project, Technical Guidelines, Available online at: http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/COR0-landcover.

EEA-ETC/TE, 2002. CORINE Land Cover update. I&CLC 2000 project, Technical Guidelines. URL: http://etc-lusi.eionet.europa.eu/. Engel, B., Storm, D., White, M., Arnold, J., & Arabi, M. (2007). A Hydrologic ⁄ Water Quality Model Application Protocol. Journal of the American

Water Resources Association, 45, 1223-1236.ETC, European Topic Centre on Terrestrial Environment, 2005. Corine land cover database (Version 05/2005). Available online at:

http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/corine-land-cover-2000-clc2000-100-m-version-5-2005Eurostat, 2000. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu. Eurostat, 2000. URL: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu.FAO (1994). Water Harvesting for Improved Agricultural Production. In: FAO (Editor), Proceedings of the FAO expert consultations, Cairo, Egypt, pp.

424FAO (2003). Land and Water Digital Media Series, 26. Training Course on RWH (CDROM). Planning of Water Harvesting Schemes. Unit 22. Food

and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, FAO.Feng H. and Baoguo L. (2010). Assessing grain crop water productivity of China using a hydro-model-coupled-statistics approach Part I: Method

development and validation. Agr. Water Manage., 97(7), 1077-1092.Fitzhugh, T. W., & Mackay, D.S. (2000). Impacts of input parameter spatial aggregation on an agricultural nonpoint source pollution model. Journal of

Hydrology, 236, 1-2.

Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Division of Emergency Management, Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services South Florida Water Management District (2007). Florida Drought Action Plan, April 2007.

Fruhmann J., Jager J. (2010). Linking the Earth’s Future to Mitigation: Scenarios of Environmental Change and Possible Impacts on Forced Mitigations. Book chapter in: Environment, Forced Mitigation and Social Vulnerability.

Gordon T., Hughes B., Solorzano J.R., Stelzner M. (2011). Producing state of the future indexes using the international futures model . Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Volume 78, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 75-89

Greek National Committee for Combating Desertification (2001). Greek National Action Plan for Combating Desertification, January 2001.Gregersen, J. P., P.J.A. Gijsbers, and S.J.P. Westen, OpenMI: Open modeling interface, Journal of Hydroinformatics, 9(3), 175-191, 2007.Grizzeti, B., Bouraoui, F. & Aloe, A. (2007). Spatialized European Nutrient Balance. EUR22692 EN, 98pp. Institute for Environment and

Sustainability.Gupta, H.V., Sorooshian, S. & Yapo, P.O. (1999). Status of automatic calibration for hydrologic models: Comparison with multilevel expert calibration.

Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 4(2), 135-143.i-adapt (2011). Inception report. Internal Project Report. Restricted Access. IFs, International Futures: Exploring Alternative Global Possibilities. http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/Jackson, C.R. 2004. User’s manual for the particle tracking model ZOOPT, British Geological Survey Internal Report, CR/04/141NJackson, C.R. and Spink, A.E.F. 2004. User’s manual for the groundwater flow model ZOOMQ3D, British Geological Survey Internal Report,

CR/04/140NKim N.W., Chung I.M., Won Y.S., Arnold J.G., 2008, Development and application of the integrated SWAT-MODFLOW model, Journal of

Hydrology, 356 (1-2), pp. 1-16. Kinzli, K., M. Martinez, R. Oad, A. Prior, D. Gensler (2010). Using an ADCP to determine canal seepage loss in an irrigation district Agricultural

Water Management, 97(6): 801-810.Knowles, J. (2006) ParEGO: A hybrid algorithm with on-line landscape approximation for expensive multiobjective optimization problems. IEEE

Transactions on Evolutionary Computation. 10 (1): 50-66.Lane, L.J. 1983, Chapter 19: Transmission losses, p.19-1-19-21, In Soil Conservation Service, National Engineering Handbook, section 4: hydrology,

U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington D.C.Lazarides, L., 1977, Design of pressure networks, Scientific Chronicles of the Technical Chamber of Greece, Athens.Lenhart, T., Eckhardt, K., Fohrer, N., Frede, H.-G., (2002). Comparison of two different approaches of sensitivity analysis. Physics and Chemistry of

the Earth, 27(9-10), 645-654. Luo Y., He C., Sophocleous M. and Yin Z. (2008). Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment

data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin, J. Hydrol., 352(1-2), 139-156.Makropoulos C., Butler, D. and C. Maksimovic (1999). GIS supported evaluation of source control applicability in urban areas. Water Science &

Technology, Vol 39, no. 9, pp. 243-252.Makropoulos, C., Butler, D., 2005. A multi-objective evolutionary programming approach to the “object location” spatial analysis and optimisation

problem within the urban water management domain. Civil and Environ. Syst. 22(2), 85-107.Makropoulos, C., E. Argyrou, F. A. Memon and D. Butler (2007). A suitability evaluation tool for siting wastewater treatment facilities in new urban

developments, Urban Water Journal, 1744-9006, 4(2): 61 – 78.Mansour, M.M. and Hughes, A.G. 2004. User’s manual for the recharge model ZOODRM, British Geological Survey Internal Report, CR/04/151N

MATLAB, 2010. Global Optimization Toolbox, User’s Guide. Available online at: http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/pdf_doc/gads/gads_tb.pdf (accessed in June 2010).

MATLAB, 2010. Global Optimization Toolbox, User’s Guide. URL: http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/pdf_doc/gads/gads_tb.pdf Moore, R. V. and C.I. Tindall, An overview of the open modelling interface and environment (the OpenMI), Environmental Science & Policy, 8(3), pp.

279-286, 2005.Moriasi, D.N., Arnold, J.G., Liew, M.W., Bingner, R.L., Harmel, R.D. & Veith, T.L. (2007). Model Evaluation Guidelines for Systematic

Quantification of Accuracy in Watershed Simulations. Transactions of the ASABE, 50(3), 885-900.Mudelsee, M., Alkio, M., 2007. Quantifying effects in two-sample environmental experiments using bootstrap confidence intervals. Environmental

Modelling & Software 22, 84–96.National Action Plan to combat Desertification/Land degradation in Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (2006-2010), June 2006.Neitsch SL, Arnold J.G., Kiniry J.R., Williams J.R. (2005a). Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Theoretical Documentation. Blackland Research

Center, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Temple, Texas (BRC Report 02-05). Available online through http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/documentation.

Neitsch S.L., Arnold J.G., Kiniry J.R., Srinivasan R., Williams J.R. (2005b). Soil and Water assessment tool - input/Output file documentation-version 2005. Blackland Research Center, Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, Temple, Texas (BRC Report 02-05). Available online through http://swatmodel.tamu.edu/documentation.

Nicklow J., Reed P., Savic D., Dessalegne T., Harrell L., Chan-Hilton A., Karamouz M., Minsker B., Ostfeld A., Singh A., Zechman E. (2010). State of the Art for Genetic Algorithms and Beyond in Water Resources Planning and Management., J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 136(4), 412-432.

Nicklow, J., Reed, P., Savic, D., Dessalegne, T., Harrell, L., Chan-Hilton, A., Karamouz, M., Minsker, B., Ostfeld, A., Singh, A., Zechman, E., 2010. State of the Art for Genetic Algorithms and Beyond in Water Resources Planning and Management. J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 136, 412 (2010). DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000053.

Panagopoulos Y., Makropoulos C. and Mimikou M. (2011). Decision Support for diffused pollution management (revised version submitted for publication in Env. Mod. Softw. April, 2011).

Panagopoulos Y., Makropoulos C. and Mimikou M. (2011). Decision Support for agricultural water management. Submitted to Conference: CEST 2011. 12th International Conference on Environmental Science and Technology. 8-10 Sep. Rhodes island, Greece.

Panagopoulos Y., Makropoulos C. and Mimikou M. (2011). Diffuse surface water pollution: Driving factors for different geoclimatic regions. (accepted for publication in Water Resour. Manage., April, 2011).

PLUREL, Peri-urban land use relationships – Strategies and sustainable assessment tools for urban-rural linkages (2008). Ravetz J et. al.: Scenario Framework – a guide for exploring the future of the peri-urban (D 1.3.2, 2008). http://www.plurel.net/images/D132.pdf

Ramakrishnan,D., Bandopadady,A and Kusuma,K.N (2009) SCS-CN and GIS-based approach for identifying potential runoff harvesting sites in the Kali watershed, Mahi River basin, India, Jour. Earth System Sciences, vol.118(4),355-368.

Santhi, C, Arnold, J.G., Williams, J.R., Dugas, W.A., Srinivasan, R. & Hauck, L.M. (2001). Validation of the SWAT model on a large river basin with point and nonpoint sources. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 37(5): 1169-1188.

Santhi, C., R. S. Muttiah, J. G. Arnold, and R. Srinivasan. 2005. A GIS-Based Regional Planning Tool For Irrigation Demand Assessment and Savings Using SWAT. Transactions of the ASAE. 48(1): 137-147.

Schwefel, H.-P., 2000. “Advantages (and disadvantages) of evolutionary computation over other approaches.” In: Back, T., Fogel, D.B., Michalewicz, Z., (eds.), Evolutionary computation 1, Basic algorithms and operators. Institute of Physics, Philadelphia.

Srivastava P., Gupta A.K. and Kalin L. (2010). An Ecologically-Sustainable Surface Water Withdrawal Framework for Cropland Irrigation: A Case Study in Alabama. Environ. Manage. 46(2), (302-313).

STOWA-RIZA, 1999, Good Modelling Practice Handbook, Dutch Dept. of Public Works, Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment, report 99-05, 167pp.

Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, Division of Water Supply (2009). Guidance for Developing Community Water System Drought Management Plans, December 2009.

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Ministry of Environment (2006). National Strategy and Action Plan to Combat Desertification.UNEP, United Nations Environment Programme (2007). Global Environmental Outlook. GEO4. Environment for development. Progress press, Malta.

Available at: http://www.unep.org/geo/geo4/media/USDA, Soil Conservation Service, 1972. Section 4: Hydrology in National Engineering Handbook. SCS.UTAH Department of Natural Resources, Division of Water Resources (2008). Drought Management Toolkit for Public Water Suppliers, March 2008.Van Griensven, A., Meixner, T., Grunwald, S., Bishop, T., Diluzio, M., Srinivasan, R. (2006). A global sensitivity analysis tool for the parameters of

multi-variable catchment models. Journal of Hydrology 324(1-4), 10-23.Weyer, E., Bastin,G. (2008), Leak detection in open water channel. In Proceedings of 17th IFAC World congress (pp. 7913–7918), Seoul,Korea, JulyWilliams J.R. (1995). The EPIC model. In: Singh, V.P. (ed.). Computer models of watershed hydrology. 909-1000. Water Resources Publications.

Highland Ranch, Co, USA.Wriedt G., Van der Velde M., Aloe A. and Bouraoui F. (2009). Estimating irrigation water requirements in Europe. J Hydrol. 373, 527-544. Yates D., Sieber J., Purkey D., Huber-Lee A. (2005). WEAP21 – A Demand-, Priority-, and Preference-Driven Water Planning Model. Water Int. 30(4),

487-500.Zervas, G. (1998). Quantifying and Optimizing Grazing Regimes in Greek Mountain Systems. Journal of Applied Ecology, 35(6), 983-986