HALIMA - Bait Al Arab · sAAd AHMEd ALFArHAn HAssAn AL-dAsHTI ZAInAb MurTAdHAWI 1. prize 2. prize 3. prize 4. prize 5. prize 6. prize 7. prize 8. prize 9. prize 10. prize From left

3rd Edition 2011 - Issue 8

ArAbIAn HorsE letter

ArAbIAn HorsE HealtHDeworming is one of the most essential aspects of horse management. Horses are subject to a variety of parasites, many of which are a health hazard and may even be fatal. For this reason, regular deworming is essential.

ArAbIAn HorsECultureTwo subjects rank foremost in the breeding of Arabian horses: the importance of the pedigree and the problem of purity. But what is their real significance? Dr. Hans Nagel tries to separate facts from fiction.

ArAbIAn HorsE reSearCHOne of the major families ofthe Dahman Shahwan Strainis that of Halima through her daughter Moheba, imported toGermany in 1955. From there, this family has spread throughout the world.

ArAbIAn HorsENeWSThe photographer contest, organized by Bait Al Arab Education Center of the Kuwait State Stud, has become a fixed event in the annual calendar and the 2011 contest was once again a great success.

Read more on page 2-9 Read more on page 10 - 13 Read more on page 14 - 17 Read more on page 18 – 23

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Become a Bait al araB Friend!Become a part of thisexciting project. Support it with your passion and join one of the membership categories!*(*see back side)

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The family of HALIMA

Of the Dahman Shahwan strain tracing back toEl Dahma (DB), there are two major families, that of Obeya and that of Farida with the main branches of Bint Farida and Halima. The Halima family has produced some of the finest straight Egyptian Arabians in the world today.

Ansata Ibn Halima

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3rd Edition 2011 - Issue 8 3rd Edition 2011 - Issue 8

ArAbIAn HorsE letter ArAbIAn HorsE letter

ArAbIAn HorsENeWS

1. Prize: Mr. FAISAL KHALED HAMADAH

The photographer contest, organized by bait Al Arab Education Center of the Kuwait state stud, has become

a fixed event in the annual calendar. It has been a great success each time, thanks to the support of the main sponsors, Mr. Mohammed Al Marzouq, Ajmal Arabian stud, and Tamdeen shopping Centers - 360 Mall. In 2011, the sponsors invited the photographers and hosted the fourth photographer contest in cooperation with bait Al Arab Education Center, Mr. Abdallah Alhaddad and team. The sponsors were Al Mubarak Arabian stud of Mr. Mohammed Al Mubaraki and Al safinat stud of Mr. Khaled ben shokor.Around 120 photographers registered for the contest and were taken to the sponsors' farms during two weekends, where they were given the opportunity to see the horses within different scenarios

pHoToGrApHErs ConTEsT

AWArd 2011sponsored by:Tamdeen shopping Centers Co.

NAMES OF THE TOP 10 WINNERS IN THE PHOTOGRAPHER CONTEST - 2011

FAIsAL KHALEd HAMAdAHAdEL AbduLLAH ALKAndArIHAMAd A. AL KudArIAHMAd A.AKbArKHALdAA FArHAnAHMEd AL HAssAWIsAyEd AbbAs AbduLrEdA ALMusAWIsAAd AHMEd ALFArHAnHAssAn AL-dAsHTIZAInAb MurTAdHAWI

1. prize2. prize3. prize4. prize5. prize6. prize7. prize8. prize9. prize10. prize

From left to right – Mr. Hani Al Mawash, Mr. Mahmood Al Zubaid, Mr. Mohammed J. Al Marzouq, Mr. Mohammed Al Mubaraki, Mr. Klaus G. Beste, Mr. Abdallah Alhaddad

Mr. Mohammed J. Al Marzouq presenting the

award to the winner Mr. Faisal Khaled

Hamadah

Visitors attending the photographer contest exhibition

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ArAbIAn HorsENeWS

and backgrounds, enabling them to get good shots. They enjoyed the great hospitality of the farm owners and the locations where excellent for the task. Everything was very well organized and the people felt superbly looked after at the farms.The photographers submitted their best

photos to the organizing team. A jury of 2 breeders and a very experienced photographer evaluated the photos and choose the Top 10 which were awarded valuable prices. Tamdeen shopping Centers Company hosted the award ceremony and the beautiful collection of photographs was put up for general

viewing in the 360 Mall exhibition hall. Mr. Mohammed J. Al Marzouq, Tamdeen Group of Companies, thanked the organizing team and the jury and congratulated the winners. He presented the prizes which were kindly donated by the company.The highlight of the ceremony was a

gallery display of approximately 100 photos which were submitted for the contest.A huge crowd visited the gallery and it was a wonderful opportunity to promote the Arabian horse in Kuwait. The gallery was open for another 2 days and many people came to see the exhibition.

2. Prize: Mr. ADEL ABDULLAH ALKANDARI 3. Prize: Mr. HAMAD A. AL KUDARI

4. Prize: Mr. AHMAD A.AKBAR

5. Prize: Ms. KHALDAA FARHAN

See more photos from the prize-winning

photographers on the website

www.baitalarab-kw.com and at facebook.

6. Prize: AHMED AL HASSAWI

7. Prize: SAYED ABBAS ABDULREDA ALMUSAWI

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ArAbIAn HorsENeWS

The Egyptian Event Europe 2011 was for the fifth time organized to perfection in Lanaken, belgium by the

experienced team of the families oben and bielen. The Event is held under the umbrella of the pyramid society Europe and is a highlight in every year's show season for lovers of the straight Egyptian Arabian horse.This year, more than 110 horses were entered for the show classes and some 30 demonstrated their performance ability in sport competitions. The participants came from Australia, belgium, denmark, Egypt, Germany, Italy, norway, Qatar, slovakia, switzerland, the uK, and the usA. Among the spectators were guests from all over Europe and the usA as well as from saudi Arabia, bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and Egypt. This year, Mr. Mohammed J. Al Marzouq, Mr. Talal Al Mehri and Mr. Alaa Al roumi traveled to belgium to attend the EEE as spectators and they enjoyed the nice atmosphere and were satisfied with the overall quality of the horses.The program offered many attractions which included displays of Western riding, Liberty Classes, Amateur Handler competitions, a stallion parade,

and a presentation of horses of El Thayeba Arabians on the occasion of the 40th anniversary of the farm. Among the horses which were shown in the El Thayeba stud presentation was the impressive young stallion Ajmal Tameen (Ansata Hejazi x Tabanya by Hamasa nabih), who is on lease from Ajmal Arabian stud to El Thayeba Arabians for two years. He was also an eye-catcher at the stallion parade. Another highlight was the welcome reception of the multiple Champion stallion ZT Faa’ Iq (Anaza El Farid x ZT Jambusah by Jamil). He is now proudly owned by Al rashediah stud of Mr. Al Jasmi, bahrain and stands at stud at Jadem Arabians, belgium until he will continue his journey to bahrain.regarding the halter show classes, the organizing team took into consideration that mares with foals at foot might not be in the same condition as mares without foals. because of this, classes for mares with foals were offered to give a fair chance and to attract breeders to enter their valuable brood mares and their youngsters in the event.Every year, the organizing team and the psE pay tribute to a special mare or stallion which has contributed to Egyptian Arabian horse breeding. This

bait Al Arab supporting

the Egyptian Event Europe

2011year, the legendary Hanan was honored for the tremendous influence she has had on straight Egyptian breeding all over the world. dr. Hans nagel, the chairman of WAHo, received a special trophy from the chairman of the pyramid society Europe, Mr. Ferdinand schwestermann. Hanan was bred in El Zahraa, raised at the Hungarian state stud babolna and used extremely successfully by her owner, dr. nagel, who made the right breeding decisions. she was a mare who produced exceptional fillies and colts and created a legacy.bait Al Arab Kuwait state stud had sponsored the “Senior Mare Championship”.

The decision of the international jury:Gold Champion: simeon sehavi, 1999, Asfour x simeon sheba by raadin royal star, bred by simeon stud, Marion richmond, Australia. owned by dubai stud, uAE Silver Champion: dorar, 2003, Ashhal Al rayyan x belquis Al nasser by Mujahid, bred and owned by the royal Cavalry of oman Bronze Champion: psE rasheeka, 2007, royal Colors x Imperial baarezah by Imperial baarez, bred and owned by prestige sE, belgiumThe trophies were presented by the members of the Arabian Horse Committee members Mr. Mohammed Al Marzouq and Mr. Talal Al Mehri.

bait Al Arab state stud participated in the 1st Kuwait International Fair for Hunting and Equestrian

Activities, which was held on April 27 to 30, 2011 at the exhibition grounds in Western Mishref, Kuwait. 40 exhibitors participated in the fair, representing official, local and international companies offering equipment and supplies for hunting and shooting,bait Al Arab was the only equestrian exhibitor. The bait Al Arab wing had many visitors who were interested in Arabian horses. The newsletters of bait Al Arab in both Arabic and English languages were available there as well as posters of the photography contest,

and there was also a presentation of several products from the cultivation and production of wild plants in Kuwait. The exhibition was inaugurated by HE sheikh salman sabah Al salem Al-Hamoud Al-sabah, the president of Kuwait shooting sport Federation and vice president of the International shooting sport Federation, which through his care and sponsoring contributed greatly the success of the exhibition.Many spectators visited the bait Al Arab information booth and our staff provided information about the goals of the state stud, the breeding program, the activities, and the plans for the future.

An auction of some exquisite straight Egyptian Arabian horses of bait Al Arab Kuwait state stud breeding

program was held on the grounds of the Arabian Horse Center on 4 May 2011 with a preview two days before. The Arabian Horse Committee, which is supervises and supports the state stud, had selected a nice collection of fillies, colts, stallions and one pregnant mare to be offered for sale, giving breeders and riders of Arabian horses the chance to benefit from the well known breeding program of the state stud of Kuwait, which was established 30 years ago.The auction was attended by many interested breeders and lovers of the Arabian horse not only from Kuwait, but also from abroad. Finally 8 colts, 2 stallions, 7 fillies and 1 mare in foal were offered and all horses were sold.

The highest selling horses were:shoq Elkuwait, born 2006, Al Kidir x Ansata sherrara, strain: dahmeh shahwanieh (El dahma) – sabah/bukra family, in foal to sinan Al rayyan. she is now co-owned by Ajmal Arabian stud and Aljazira Arabian stud. The final offer was Kd 16,500.-Masouda Elkuwait, born 2010, Ajmal Al Kout x Manar Elkuwait, strain: dahmeh shahwanieh, Farida/Halima family. she goes for Kd 12,000.- to Mr. Hamad sulaiman Al MashaanWaseela Elkuwait, born 2010, El Thay Mameluk x Wardah Elkuwait, strain: dahmeh shahwanieh, Falima/nile family. The winning bid of Kd 12,000.- was offered by Mr. Mohammed sulaiman Al Qenai.We wish all the buyers good luck with their new horses. The team of bait Al Arab will be always available for further assistance.

5th Auction at bait Al ArabKuwait state stud

bait Al Arab represented at the first International Fair for Hunting

and Equestrian sports

Visitors at Bait Al Arab booth showing great interest in the tasks and goals of Bait Al Arab State Stud

www.ErwinEscher.com ©

Mr. Talal A. Al Mehri honouring the Gold Champion Mare Simeon Sehavi of Dubai Arabian Stud, UAE

Talal A. Al Mehri and Mohammed Al Marzouq with their new purchase, Shoq Elkuwait

Looza Elkuwait (Ajmal Mashreq x Lamia Elkuwait) presented by Vaska Alhaddoush

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Ajmal Wafra(Ansata Hejazi x Ansata Shalimar)

Hawzun Al Naif(Ansata Nile Echo x Ansata Aya Nadira)

Reem Al Rayah(Ansata Hejazi x Ghazalla)

ArAbIAn HorsEPeoPle

An Interview with Ala’a Al

roumiMr. Ala’a Al roumi is a

passionate and very dedicated breeder who founded his farm ‘Al rayah stud’ about 10 years

ago in the agricultural area called Al Wafra in the south of Kuwait where he found a good

environment for his horses. He is a very close friend of

Talal Al nisf of Al sharq Farm. They know each other

since early childhood and share the same passion which

is keeping, breeding and enjoying horses of straight

Egyptian bloodlines. They finally decided

to establish a farm in partnership to accommodate

the horses of both owners. The spirit of ‘Kuwaiti

cooperation and camaraderie’ is very much alive at this

place and visitors are always welcome to enjoy the great

hospitality and a presentation of the horses which are

representing some of the best strains and families in straight

Egyptian breeding. We met with him and he was so kind

to answer some questions. Learn more about how he got involved with Arabian horses

and about his horses and breeding program.

purityand beauty

Ala’a Al Roumi and Malik Al Rayah

Ansata Ayda(Prince Fa Moniet x Sundar Alishaby Ruminaja)

Jamila Al Rayah (NK Hafid Jamil x Ansata Sabika)

Ansata Almurtajiz(Ansata Hejazi x Ansata Samsara)

Gazal Al Rayah (Ansata Hejazi x Ghazalla)

1. When and how did you become involved with Arabian horses?The summer of 1998 was the real beginning of the hobby of breeding Arabian horses. With my close friend Talal Al nisf I was visiting a friend in Qatar, where he took us to see his stud. There my love and my passion for Arabian horses began, but my relationship with horses began even earlier than that.

2. What attracted you to these fascinating animals?beauty – the beauty of the Arabian horse has its own particular charm. Enchanted by its magic, when I saw a horse moving, I saw something I liked and wanted to own and to make a part of my life.

3. Tell us about your first Arabian horse and the horses with which you established your breeding program?The beginning was different from the present situation. At first I saw a horse and I bought it, and then gradually I started to learn more about this new life. I began to acquire knowledge about bloodlines, strains and families and authenticity, and I decided to start where others have ended. The first mare I bought was Magda Al nasser, and a horse named Asil Al nasser, both from Al nasser stud in Qatar. My breeding program is different now since I began my journey searching for the best lines and strains. The mares which had a great influence on my breeding program are Ansata Majestic (prince Fa Moniet x Ansata Majesty by Ansata Halim shah) and Ghazalla (Al Adeed Al shaqab x nejdia by nejdy). I bought her when she was just few months old. now she is the best mare I have at my farm today. I continued searching for some special foundation mares and bought Ansata sabika (prince Fa Moniet x Ansata sekhmet by Ansata Halim shah) as well as Hawzun Al naif (Ansata nile Echo x Ansata Aya nadira by

Jamil) and Ansata Ayda, another prince Fa Moniet daughter out of sundar Alisha by ruminaja Ali, and I’m still on my journey searching for the best.

4. Which characteristics of the Arabian horse attract you the most ?Movement and the head. I love the Arabian horse as you see its maximum beauty when he moves and you can see his pride. The head I consider the calling card of the Arab Horse, as its details characterize and identify the purebred Arabian horses.

5. Which farms and breeding programs had an influence in developing your own breeding program?beauty and strains are my target. I purchase a horse when I consider it pure, and this made me visit a lot of studs around the world. The famous Ansata Arabian stud had many of the kind of horses I love, and I also focussed on dr. nagel’s breeding in Germany in order to get to what I hope for in horses. but I also found myself visiting farms in Qatar, and I found what I need there. I have horses from studs all over the world, and I am happy about this, and I must not forget the studs in Kuwait, where we find the best of lines and the most beautiful horses.

6. Of your own horses - do you have a favorite and why?Ghazalla is my favorite. The other horses are no less important, but Ghazalla is the real beginning of my breeding program because of her great production record.

7. Thinking about the Straight Egyptian Arabian horse world (past and today) - which are your favorite horses and do you use them in your breeding program? There are some stallions that I wish I could have used in my breeding program like Ansata Halim shah and Alidaar. I would

like to own more of their blood, which is why I am happy to own the first daughter of Ansata Halim shah outside the united states, which is Malaka (Ansata Halim shah x Kis Mahiba by Ibn Galal). From Alidaar I have got Alida Mahdeen. As for the mares, I greatly admire bint bukra, and thankfully I have some of her line. now I have found the stallions Ansata Hejazi, Ansata Almurtajiz and sinan Al rayyan, which I use in my breeding program at the farm, and I would like if possible to add the stallion nK Qaswara, who has produced significantly at Ezzain stud, as well as the stallions ZT Faa’Iq, purchased recently by Al rashediah stud, and Ashhal Al rayyan.

8. What are the goals of your breeding program at Al Rayah Stud?I want to live with Arabian horses, and I love to be a part of the development of Arabian horse breeding and of the revival of this beautiful Arab heritage.

9. How important are the strains and families to you ?The strains, families and lines are the grammar of the Equine language. Without them, there is no classical equine language. I rely on these things in all matters of breeding, and through my experience I would advise all breeders to examine the lines and strains before they enter the world of Arabian horses, and to learn from the experiences of other breeders.

10. You bred and own the very promising young stallion Gazal Al Rayah (Ansata Hejazi x Ghazalla) whom you have used during the last breeding season on some selected mares. What do you expect from him and in which way do you think that he can contribute to your breeding?I think Gazal Al rayah is important to us, as his sire is the legendary Ansata Hejazi and his dam is Ghazalla, my best mare.

The characteristics this horse carries I think will add what I hope for in my horses. I think that, if God may bless us, we will have a great stallion for all the breeders in Kuwait.

11. You competed successfully with Farida Al Rayah at some shows in Europe and with some horses at the First and the Second National Championships in Kuwait. How important are shows and show results for you? Will the results have an influence in your decisions regarding your breeding plans?never, never, never. The shows are an opportunity to see many horses competing to win titles for their beauty, but this never changes my opinion about a horse. Certainly, if any of my horses get high marks, this enhances the success of my breeding program. I enjoy the festival in the spirit of sportsmanship.

12. Give us your perspective on what you think are the most important things for a breeder to learn.For new breeders, I think that it is essential to pay attention to many important things and to gain sufficient knowledge before starting to buy horses, and to visit the studs of experienced breeders to gain experience, and to read a lot about the Arabian horses. In Kuwait thank God we are an open community where breeders share all their information and experiences, and this is what makes us, thank God, one of the most successful countries in this area.yet on this occasion I should not forget the role of the Arabian Horse Center in supporting the breeders in the past, and the role of bait Al Arab in the present by putting Kuwait on the map of the Arabian Horse world, and to appreciate their efforts. I would like to thank all the breeders who supported me on my journey into the world of horses to this day.

Al Rayah Arabian Stud

www.erwin.escher.com ©

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was found more easily outside the breed. The broad spectrum of type aided such a way of thinking. The main thing was that the pedigree remained without gaps and provided a clear record of the descent and a reference to the strain of the dam. A closer look at such horses might lead to scepticism, but the written word is what counts. Thus there is good reason for scepticism in the case of extraordinary racing ability, since no Arabian population in the past is known to have been selected purely for speed. At the same time, it is true that the potential for racing ability must have been present in the foundation stock in the first place to enable such a selection to succeed.

The question of origin can not be solved at the

writing desk. Isn’t it rather the horses themselves

and the quality of their descendants that may help to limit any doubts about

their origin?

or could it be that Europeans who bought horses in syria deliberately chose bigger and stronger stallions? In this case, it is not a matter of filling gaps, but of the beginning itself. Are these big horses of the past responsible for the tall Crabbet stallions preferred by Lady Anne blunt’s daughter Lady Wentworth, rather than the infamous Anglo-Arab attributed to her? And may this not apply equally to the French racehorses? The examination of some of these horses and their ancestors points in that direction. The ottoman Empire was vast and extended far into the north. beyond the northern border lay another world, equally famous for its bigger and more athletic horses. specimens of these fast, tall horses doubtlessly found their way down into northern Arabia. In a letter to Col r.E. Meysey –Thompson Lady Anne wrote: ”The general view I take of the Arabian horse’s present position is that although the northern tribes, i.e. the Anazeh group and some shammar, originally possessed strains identical with the present nejd ones, the fact of their intercourse with the ‘dowla’ or ottoman Government has tended to corrupt their horses. now no nejdean believes in the purity of blood amongst them except in such families as …who keep aloof both from wars and from the Turks.”

The culprit is not necessarily the English Thoroughbred which was the first foreign horse to be brought into the area by English troops at a later time. Even before its arrival, there were strong, tall, different, but still noble horses. Thus not only the complete pedigree

requires a large amount of trust: even the beginning itself is a test of faith.In Arabian breeding, the idea of certain origin has been turned into a principle. In view of the nearly endless historical uncertainties this creates a huge load of ballast that threatens to overturn reality. If well meant, it provides a welcome element of romanticism; if applied fanatically, it leads to intolerance and discrimination.

The question of origin can not be solved at the writing desk. Isn’t it rather the horses themselves and the quality of their descendants that may help to limit any doubts about their origin? This appears more sensible and natural than to rely on trust and on the imagined honesty of men who became business partners only briefly. no group of breeders, neither the “blue” breeders in the usA nor the “Asil” breeders anywhere else, can vouch for the proven origin of their horses, and the many horses within these populations that are far removed from the desired type should provide food for thought. not a single Arabian horse exists whose purity of blood can be historically proved. There is a lack of definite historical proof to cover this fact. A pure breed should display a certain amount of homogeneity. This is found nowhere. The most important justification for the definition of a “pure” breed is simply not there.

From a different angle, pure breeding might indicate a closed population of interrelated horses instead of a population of humongous horses and moderate homogeneity. such a situation is feasible, if difficult to maintain over any extended length of time. The more typical, specific and extreme the environment, climate, and social order, and the longer the time period, the more possible this version becomes. A strictly nomadic life, extreme temperatures, a barren environment, a long time period and wide, isolated geographical areas form types suitable for a special situation, and anything coming from outside will indeed be alien within such a system. Here, an original may be formed and established. one would need very compelling reasons to tear open such a structure, closed and balanced within itself. systems like this may once have existed. only in such a case does it make sense to give importance to blood and blood only, for alien blood would have meant regression, the destruction of an established balance. The term “loss through acclimatization” is used in animal breeding today to describe similar processes.

For the most part, the beginnings of the ancestry of modern Arabian horses do not conform to the idea of such a closed system. In the 19th century, Arabia was already open; in the 20th

century, European power became very influencial . The closed system may have been imaginable in the south of Arabia, but in the north, it would have been without a chance. There was too much contact with the outside world, with dealers and travelers, and active commerce and interchange between towns and country.

Through millenniaof oriental history, the free roaming

bedouins were that part of the population most

dependent on their environment

Horses came from Greater Arabia to the stud farms of the World between 1800 and around 1950. They came from the southern regions around riad in today’s saudi Arabia as well as from the far north, the area around Mosul. All came with the assurance of being purebred original Arabians. Trade has always been something orientals excelled at, and it would be naive to assume that the horse dealers of those days were unaware of their customer’s wishes. They would soon have known which type of horse their clients most desired. Many questions arise from the historic

framework, the geographic aspect and the native people and their lifestyle. Many contemporary authors insist that the bedouins were invariably honest where their horses were concerned. Honest they were, without question, in dealing among themselves, because it was in their own best interests to preserve their breed. but the horses sold abroad disappeared from the picture and could do no more harm. so why should dealers and traders not have taken the opportunity as it presented itself? Every attempt was made to produce what was required, even in writing. The bedouins were in close contact with dealers who were capable of reading and writing. The buyer would choose what he liked and what came closest to what he had been ordered to procure. If such horses were available, the necessary papers was a mere formality. The papers vouched for the horse’s origin, and in principle this was enough. The merciless environment forced people to set different priorities from those that applied in the towns and villages. Man, too, had to make do with bare necessities. This was due to pressure from outside, not to any ill intent.Through millennia of oriental history, the free roaming bedouins were that part of the population most dependent on their environment. The rules and limits of a civilized order were as alien to them as respect for other men’s claim to own land.

Where Arabian horses are concerned, many prefer a beginning that lies as far in the

past as possible: the horses were born of the desert sand. At the basis of this phenomenon may be the idea that something very special must have occurred to create such a unique horse. such stories have no relevance for the individual living today. To be accepted as an Arabian, the pedigree should contain only Arabians; no other elements are permitted. These conditions should be difficult to fulfil, given the illiteracy of the nomadic bedouin society and the

incompleteness of the records outside Arabia. but according to the documents, they are fulfilled almost everywhere.There were few possibilities for verification. Competent, deliberate deception would hardly have been noticed and is sure to have been practiced wherever it led to advantages. but Arabian type (refinement, dryness, beauty and nobility), the typical Arabian characteristics would hardly invite a breeder to seek outside the breed. Why should he? such perfection could be found nowhere else. on the contrary, these were the attributes lacking and desired in other horses, which have

made the Arabian the father of all light horse breeds. Foreign influence would have meant the end of refinement, dryness, toughness, and stamina.However, the mention of athletic ability, especially with regard to speed, may cause a feeling of doubt. The theory, propagated especially among the northern tribes, that athletic ability was a sure sign of pure breeding and lack in that area an indication of impurity, appears something of an unholy alliance. but this belief of the bedouins is often mentioned, by oberst brudermann, by Lady Anne blunt, and Fadlallah el Hedad. All three are known

to have made the same statements and also to have shared a preference for the horses of the northern Anazeh and shammar tribes. still, a strong element of doubt remained if an Arabian horse was very tall and even more so if it was exceptionally fast. The Thoroughbred, selected strictly on the basis of speed, soon developed into a much faster racehorse than the Arabian. This advantage was tempting. With one signal indiscretion, it was possible to achieve an advancement which would otherwise require decades of careful selection. In addition, a faster rate of growth appeared desirable and

ArAbIAn HorsECulture

Two subjects rank foremost in the breeding of Arabian horses: the importance of the pedigree and the problem of the purity of blood. but what is their real significance? dr. Hans J. nagel attempts to answer this essential question by separating the facts from the fiction.

Dryness, a description which characterizes the Bed-ouin horse at its best.

ARTICLE BY: DR. HANS J. NAGEL

THEConTroVErsIAL orIGIn

The Royal Jordanian Stud, well managed and cared for by the dedicated and knowledgeable Princess Alia.

Greater Arabia extended from Mosul in the North of Yemen in the South, and from Suez in the West to the Gulf in the East. The Arabian language was the one element binding the whole population together. Differences in climate created great varieties within the Arab people. There was no national identity; instead, powerful families ruled various parts of the region. It was Islam and the Koran which, together with the Arabic language, finally cre-ated a common basis for the life of all people living in that world. The important Bedouin tribes like the Shammar and the Anazeh in time came to prefer the more fertile areas in the North as grazing grounds for their larger herds. The relatively closed breeding popula-tion of Arabian horses was, however, located in the Southern area, known since ancient times as the Nejd.

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ArAbIAn HorsECulture

Goods of all kinds, including livestock, frequently changed hands. If they couldn’t get what they wanted by honest means, they resorted to different methods. These customs were a part of bedouin life and were deeply ingrained in their way of thinking. In short, there was no common ground between such people on the one side and a british lady or a Hungarian or French officer on the other. next to survival and life itself, freedom was the most precious possession of the bedouin. It occupied the second place in his personal hierarchy, followed by prestige, money, goods, and women. For thousands of years, the seemingly endless expanse of the country and the sky above were the only limits they understood, aided by a deep belief in great and almighty God who was everything, everywhere. This ancient, simple faith, combined with a way of thinking in terms of absolute good and evil, of life and death, alternatives encountered every day and resulting both in a fearless acceptance of the inevitable and an exuberance in the joys of life, lies at the roots of the bedouin’s proverbial obstinacy and need for independence. yet the wandering bedouins of Arabia were never totally removed from the settled part of the population with which they had a kind of symbiotic relationship.

El Zahraa stud near Cairo as it looks today. This famous stud collected all the pre-cious remained Arabians which were left in Egypt by the Kings, the Pashas and by Lady Ann Blunt. Photo by Gigi Grasso

A mare of Syrian breeding. The northern Arabian breed here was stronger and faster than the horses to the south. Most of the buyers from Europe selected their purchases from this population.

A very successful Iraqi racing mare at the track at Baghdad and another sample of that area. She clearly shows the high withers which are also a characteristic of the horses at El Zahraa of northern descent.

Mares at the Dirabh Stud of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, located on historic grounds in the middle of the country of origin of this noble breed.

1It is highly probable that the original Arabian horse, with its typical attributes, was the result of a closed breeding population. In such a population, certain attributes could develop, be preserved, and become fixed genetically. The type and form were determined by the environment and by human preferences.

outstanding specimens of this breeding came from Arabia to Egypt, to Europe, and to the usA. They were not many, but the more clearly they represented the breed type, and the more dominantly they were able to pass it on, the greater and longer must have been the seclusion of the original population that produced them.

2An introduction of European blood into this original breed in the more southern parts of Arabia was virtually impossible. European breeds contained alien genetic material that would have had the greatest difficulty adapting to a radically different environment. It could have

contributed nothing to the development of Arabian type. The opposite would have been the case.If horses from the more northern oriental regions were introduced into such a population, their influence would have been less harmful. They were already shaped by similar conditions and were probably descended from the same foundation stock. Further to the north, however, such influences may have been more problematical.Whether the broad spectrum of Arabian types today is the result of such an exchange and was caused by introducing the blood of other local breeds, is a question that will never be answered.

3From a historical point of view, many things indicate the existence of a smaller, more refined southern type, the nejd Arabian, in what is today saudi Arabia, and a bigger, stronger, more athletic northern type of Arabian in syria and Mesopotamia. The southern part of the breed would

have been more secluded for a longer period of time, and more dependent on its environment; the northern horses were probably less influenced by such factors. The exchange of breeding stock was more often from the south to the north. A larger part of the northern population was shaped by southern influences. both types are sometimes identical.

4 The horses purchased from these populations were usually accompanied by written statements of how and where they were acquired. This information was recorded and from that time onwards records have been kept down to the present day. Any chances of verifying such early

records are slim to nonexistent; one can at most check the dates for sexual maturity and the year of foaling, or apply the rules of color inheritance.

5 only a century later, in the 1980s, a definite control of parentage by means of blood-typing became possible. The identity may also be determined today by examining the dnA.

6 All studbooks today are closed. The entire Arabian horse population of the world is a closed society, controlled and determined to a degree never known before. Arabian horses are registered in almost 50 countries according to identical rules established by the World Arabian

Horse organization (WAHo) which was founded in 1972. All horses entered in these studbooks may claim to be purebred Arabians. Whether this is acceptable to certain groups of people who claim to be concerned about the breed’s “purity”, is irrelevant for the breed as a whole and of no account.

SuMMarYTo sum up, all these recent developments show that breeding has in a way become easier. The actual value of pedigrees today is much greater; they are now reliable sources of information and as such a definite necessity for every breeder. The more information the pedigrees give on individual ancestors, the more valuable its content. In this respect, the records of the Babolna state stud of Hungary are among the oldest and best. They contain not only the colors and measurements of each horse, but also a description of its characteristics and its abilities.

Judith Forbis has tirelessly collected all the available records of old Egyptian breeding and published them in an excellent book. It is a treasure trove of information of Egyptian Arabians, the only one of its kind. Studying such information is sensible and may help to correlate the individual in its phenotype and its genotype, its inherited genetic potential. For knowing the parents, grandparents, siblings, and half siblings, may lead to deep insight into the past; and historic Arabians whose actual appearance is recorded and described may, within certain limits, indicate what can be expected in the descendants. Every animal has come from such a background and presents itself as a revelation of its own past.

Each Arabian registered in a studbook recognized by WAHo carries the stamp of “purebred”. This definition, valid since 1972, has replaced all previous ones.All registered horses are so-called “purebred Arabians” and it is a specific characteristic of this breed that fits and is used for many purposes. If an Arabian looks like a typical race horse, that does not disqualify it as a “purebred”, but it would be unlikely to be appreciated by the show-horse orientated community or those who prefer a performance-type horse. Those who follow the trace of the historical classical Arabian have

also to accept the fact that they find followers and friends only in their section of breeding. This breed has no specified and detailed standards for features which reveal pure breeding and to which the Arabian horse breeder community has unanimously agreed. They were never fixed, either in the past or at present. It is up to each breeder to choose according to his taste, knowledge and interest. In each section of the breed there are good Arabians and bad ones. but it is unquestionable that the breed as a whole will deteriorate if selection is not substantially orientated towards the classic, historic type.

They were part of a manifold economic and political structure. The one side supplied what their nomadic life allowed them to produce, such as goats, sheep, horses, skins, means of transport; the other opened their villages or town markets and supplied craft work of all kinds. In addition, every larger tribe owned thousands of camels and could provide a formidable and highly mobile fighting force. such armies often played an important role in the politics of the region. More than once in the course of history influential bedouin sheikhs came to rescue of a ruler’s throne or prevented foreign invaders from gaining a permanent hold of the country.

Lastly, town and country were united by the same environment, the same climate, the same nature. perseverance in the burning heat of the day, waiting for the blessed coolness of the night and the true beginning of life in the evening, all combined to shape a unique rhythm of life and a unique set of values and of looking at morality and time. The “day people” of the western world and the “night people” of the orient may have moved closer to each other in many respects, but certain basic differences remain, things that have taken root many generations ago and have shaped a whole way of life.

Whichever way it is turned, the theory of

purity is supported neither by facts nor by history. It is the wrong premise and doesn’t get any better by

being repeated.

simple believers and admirers of the orient try hard to keep alive the idea of purity in Arabian breeding as something especially exclusive and worthwhile. They put their faith in the written word, in the oaths of the sheikhs and the affirmations of the dealers. They forget that the social order of Arabia is self-contained and closed towards the outside. Any behavior regarded as typical for the area and essential for its continuity applies only within this group. strangers can and must expect a different treatment; this had nothing to do with a lack of morals but everything to do with an accepted right established by tradition.

others try to base their arguments on genetics. According to such formulas, “foreign blood” is suppressed in time and after the famous 13 generations a purity of 99.99% is reached, the remaining 0.01% being of no consequence. The first part of this theory is a matter of belief and the second is most probably an error. For if the so-called foreign blood, as little as it may be, should be capable of reproducing dominant characteristics, the formula no longer works. Instead of fading into insignificance, such blood will continue to determine the

development of the population. An insignificant intruder, however, will quickly suffer the opposite fate. both factions will have to fall silent in view of the wider perspective, looking far back into history, where all horse breeds join in one single species. Whichever way it is turned, the theory of purity is supported neither by facts nor by history. It is the wrong premise and it doesn’t get any better by being repeated over and over again with fanatical conviction. The faster and the more deeply it is buried, the sooner the way opens for a rational view.Arabian breeders today owe much to the notes and the thorough research of Lady Anne blunt, who during her stay in Egypt attempted to trace the lineage of her own and the Egyptian horses back to the time of Abbas pasha. These records form the most reliable background information about Egyptian breeding today.

Carl raswan discovered supplements to the material which had already been gathered and provided an index. The factual value of his index has often been questioned, probably with some justification; for where did this additional material suddenly come from? Who managed kept it secret for so long? There were no libraries or written records hidden away in any mosques or castles. such later additions, remain mostly meaningless when measured against the insight gained from actually breeding these horses and studying their negative or positive contributions towards Arabian type. It would be better to leave the paper work behind and rather study natural processes in order to understand how, in this great game of chance and probability, the losers and winners are determined. Here, as everywhere else, a game played with skill will lead to the clearest result in the shortest time.

It is unquestionable that the breed as a whole will

deteriorate if selection is not substantially

orientated towards the classic, historic type.

As regards the history and reality of the Arabian horse, the foundation of truth is firm enough to support its exclusiveness. It would be better to lay bare this foundation, to find the truth in the rules and laws that govern life itself and determine not only the past but just as inexorably the future. such an approach broadens the circle of serious enthusiasts, exposes the deceivers, embarrasses the fools and clears away unnecessary bones of contention. Two things would go far towards solving this problem: on one hand, a set of factual terms anyone can recognize and understand; and on the other the establishment of a basis of historical fact suitable to a living subject of natural science. There are enough factual approaches.

14 15



Let’s start with young horses, because parasite populations in immature animals are often quite different than those found in adults. Infections with threadworm,

roundworms, and pinworms, for example, are found almost exclusively in horses less than six months, 18 months, and 24 months old, respectively. because of the age distribution of these worms, parasite control recommendations for immature animals are necessarily different than those followed for adults.

SuSCEPTIBIlITy OF yOuTHMost of the common nematode (roundworm) parasites of horses are transmitted by ingestion, so the risk to young foals is diminished somewhat while they’re nursing rather than grazing. but as curious colts and fillies investigate their environments, they inevitably come into contact with, and swallow, infective stages of various parasites, including large and small strongyles, roundworms, pinworms, tapeworms, and possibly threadworm. Weanlings and yearlings on pasture are particularly susceptible to parasitic disease because unlike their dams, they don’t yet have the advantage of acquired immunity or resistance. And foals that are under stress from shipping, weaning, or environmental changes, to name only a few, can suffer from immune system suppression, making them more susceptible to infectious diseases and interfering with optimal response to vaccination or anthelmintics. In a chronological order, the following worms are affecting young horses:

tHreadWorMStroNgYloideS WeSteri, the equine thread-worm, is usually the first parasite a foal encounters. It is commonly transmitted from mare to foal through nursing when larvae in the body tissues of mature mares migrate to the mammary glands when signaled by the hormones of pregnancy and lactation. Thread-worm are so well adapted for this mode of transmis-sion that they’re often present in the colostrum mares produce immediately after birth, and in the first few days of milking. Threadworm infections also can be acquired from the environment, so foals should not be exposed to wet pens or muddy paddocks. Adult horses infected with s. westeri suffer no clinical signs (un-thriftiness, scours) because the threadworm live in the horse’s tissues. In foals, once the larvae find a home in a naïve host, they mature rapidly in the small intestine. Within 10 to 14 days after birth, foals begin to shed eggs from the parasite. Historically, threadworm in foals were thought to be the cause of diarrhea, but research has shown that this is inaccurate. The majority of foals show no clinical signs when infected. Heavy infections of threadworm in foals can persist for 10 weeks, and lighter infections can last two to three times as long. Controlling strongyloides infections can take a two-pronged approach. The first is to treat the foal early with an anthelmintics that is effective against thread-worm. Ivermectin is labeled for this application and probably provides persistent protection against re-in-fection for a week or two following treatment. some practitioners suggest treating foals with Ivermectin within a few days of birth. The second plan of attack is to treat the mare with Ivermectin within 24 hours of foaling. This treatment kills migrating larvae in the mammary tissues of the mare, thus removing the im-mediate source of infection for her foal. It can also be helpful to examine the manure of foals routinely at two to four weeks of age and treat accordingly if posi-tive (Ivermectin or oxibendazole at 15 mg/kg). Any foal with diarrhea that is due to strongyloides will always have numerous eggs in the manure. Therefore, fecal exams should always be conducted on any foal that develops diarrhea prior to weaning. The good news is that the current prevalence of strongyloides in foals is fairly low, and the damage done by infection is usually not severe.

rouNdWorMSParaSCariS equoruM, the well-traveled equine roundworm, finds its way inside young foals as they begin to sample pasture grasses. The infective eggs, once swallowed, release their larvae in the small intestine, and the larvae then invade the gut wall and travel to the liver, either via the circulatory or the lym-phatic system. After a one-week sojourn, they hitch a lift in the bloodstream and migrate to the lungs, where they work their way from the terminal air sacs called alveoli, up through the broccolis, and eventually to the trachea. When the migrating ascarids reach the back of the throat, they’re swallowed and return to the small intestine, where they finally settle, become mature, and start to reproduce. Female ascarids generally start to lay eggs within 10-12 weeks after infection. It’s almost inevitable that foals on any breeding farm will be ex-posed to roundworm eggs. Since these parasites have significant pathogenic potential, roundworms are the main target of parasite control programs for immature horses. The goals of ascarid control are twofold—to kill worms (thus minimizing the negative effects on health and performance), and to prevent the maturation of worms so eggs are not shed into the environment.Anthelmintics that are effective against ascarids fall into two broad categories: Those that kill adult and juvenile worms in the small intestine, and those that are also effective against roundworm larvae migrating through the liver and lungs of a foal. depending on the type of drug used in foals, the timing of scheduled treatments can be tricky. It takes about two to three weeks for larval worms to complete their migration and reach the intestine, and another eight weeks or longer for the worms to mature and begin shedding eggs. Therefore, if adulticidal drugs are used, the first treatment should be given when the foal is approximately 60 days of age. If Ivermectin is used for the initial treatment, it can be given as early as 45 days because it is larvicidal. Thereafter, treatments should be administered at 60-day intervals. delaying treatment for intervals longer than 70 days could allow ascarids to mature and contaminate the environment with eggs. remember that roundworm eggs can survive for a decade or longer, so one break in protocol can have very long lasting consequences with ascarids. bimonthly treatments should be continued until horses eventually acquire immunity at 15-18 months of age. Many veterinarians suggest deworming foals at 30-day intervals, and some recommend Ivermectin exclusively.

large aNd SMall StroNgYleSStroNgYleS (bloodWorMS) are consid-ered the most dangerous equine parasite, and the most prolific. There are dozens of species of large and small strongyles, but only three or four large strongyle spe-cies are commonly found. Horses infected with either large or small strongyles will shed eggs in their manure almost constantly, re-infecting their environment with the next generation of parasites. Although youngsters can become infected with strongyles, controlling them is most important in adult horses. The methods rec-ommended here for controlling ascarids in youngsters should be adequate for strongyles as well, although it’s wise to introduce either Ivermectin or Moxidectin into your program for juveniles at least once every five months to help eradicate large strongyles from the herd.

PiNWorMSoxYuriS equi, the pinworm, is a common and fairly large parasite with a long, tapering tail (hence the name). pinworms lurk in the large intestine, and the females cement their eggs in masses to the skin around a horse’s anus. As the eggs develop into the infective stage over four to five days, the cementing fluid dries and cracks, creating intense itching for the horse. Many a luxurious tail has been destroyed as horses rub their

ArAbIAn HorsEHealtH

deworming is one of the most

essential aspects of horse management.

Horses are subject to a wide variety

of parasites, many of which are a

health hazard and can cause not only diarrhea, but even

fatal colic. since it is almost impossible to prevent horses from picking up

parasites, regular deworming is

essential.

A GuIdE To

pArAsITE ConTroL

If your horse is skinny, always think about worms!

ARTICLE BY: DR. KRISTIN SCHLENDER

hindquarters against any surface they can find in an effort to relieve this itching. Fortunately, nearly all equine deworm-ers are effective against pinworms, and the treatment intervals recommended for other parasites should control Oxyuris well.

taPeWorMSThe only significant CeStodeS (flatWorMS) to infect horses, tape-worms are segmented at regular inter-vals. Each egg-containing body segment, or proglottid, is a separate unit, like the box cars that form a train. single proglot-tid, or several linked ones, can break off from the body of the worm without kill-ing the parasite, which remains attached to the intestinal wall. Tapeworms have

indirect life cycles, meaning they must develop within a different animal before they can be transmitted to their final host. Tiny orbited mites, which live in vast quantities on many pastures, are the in-termediate hosts for equine tapeworms; horses swallow these mites in the normal course of grazing, allowing the worms to grow and mature in the equine digestive tract over a six- to 10-week period. Tape-worms attach fiercely to the intestinal wall, which can cause severe inflamma-tion at the attachment site. They’re also associated with several types of severe col-ic, especially ileocaecal intussusceptions in young horses. In an intussusception, the last one foot of the small intestine (il-eum) telescopes into the first section of the large intestine (caecum), and swells, blocking passage of the gut’s contents. It’s also suspected that chemicals the

tapeworms release can interfere with normal gut motility. Horses acquire tape-worm infections while they are grazing infective pastures. research conducted in scandinavia indicated that foals are first exposed to tapeworm infection while still nursing, but most do not pass tapeworm eggs in the manure until seven months of age or older. Therefore, there is little need to incorporate drugs specifically in-dicated for treatment of tapeworm infec-tion (those containing praziquantel) until after foals have been weaned. It’s only recently that parasitologists have begun to look seriously at equine tapeworms, so evidence-based recommendations for tapeworm control have not yet been gen-erated. based on the tapeworm life cycle, however, many experts recommend treat-ing horses in spring and autumn.

GENERAlRECOMMENdATIONSsome general management practices that are commonly recommended for parasite control in mature horses are equally applicable to their young offspring. These include reserving the cleanest pastures/paddocks available for weanlings, yearlings, and mares with foals. Clean pastures include those that have been vacant for at least two months during the warm season of the year, fields that were used recently to produce hay, or pastures that were grazed by an alternate livestock species, such as cattle or sheep. Wherever possible, horses should not be fed off the ground. soil is an excellent reservoir for infective ascarid eggs, and the greatest concentrations of strongyle larvae occur near the roots of plants. Environmental hygiene should be practiced for young horses maintained in stalls or small “dry lot” paddocks. stalls should be cleaned thoroughly and disinfected prior to any introduction of new stock, manure should be removed from them daily, and all bedding should be stripped from stalls at regular intervals.

dEWORMING RECOMMENdATIONS FOR FOAlS ANd yOuNG HORSES

THREADWORM—using Ivermec-tin, treat the mare within 24 hours before foaling or treat the foal during its first two weeks of life. Alternatively, if a fecal examination is positive for strongyloides infection, treat the foal with Ivermectin

or oxibendazole (15 mg/kg). Fortunately, threadworm are controlled completely by acquired immunity in all foals older than six months.

ASCARIDS—start treatments with pyrantel pamoate or benzimidazole paste (Fenbendazole, oxfendazole, or oxibenda-zole; all 10 mg/kg) at 60 days of age. or, if using Ivermectin, treatment can be initi-ated at 45-60 days of age. repeat subse-quent treatments at 60-day intervals until the horse is 15-18 months old. rotation among benzimidazoles, pyrantel, and Ivermectin can be practiced; after the foal is six months old, Moxidectin can be used as well. Fecal exams should be performed on a representative sample of the juvenile population after each scheduled deworm-ing to monitor effectiveness of the control program. Most horses develop excellent acquired immunity to ascarids by the time they reach 18 months of age.

STRONGYLES—no special program is required for juvenile horses, other than to use a macrocyclic lactone (Ivermectin or Moxidectin) at least once every five months to help eradicate large strongyles from the herd. If the farm population of small strongyles is resistant to benz-imidazoles and/or pyrantel, the efficacy against strongyles might be less than satisfactory whenever these products are used at 60-day intervals against ascarids. Horses remain susceptible to strongyle infection for their entire lives.

PINWORMS—proper implementa-tion of the recommendations for ascarids should achieve effective control of pin-worms. Horses develop acquired immu-nity against adult pinworms around the second or third year of life.

TAPEWORMS—After weaning, treat juveniles during spring and/or autumn with a compound containing praziqu-antel. some horses apparently develop immunity to tapeworms, some maintain small burdens if not treated, and about 10% of horses will harbor large numbers of tapeworms for life regardless of de-worming.

AdulT HORSESAfter equines reach their second birthday, however, the picture changes dramatically, as large and small strongyles become the major focus of our parasite control programs. There are other parasites that are a concern in adult horses—bots and

Worm-affected horses can also show colic signs from mild to severe and life-threatening colic.

Tapeworms affecting the intestinal of a horse.

Small StrongylesBig Strongyles

Bots affecting the stomach wall of a horse and causing inflammation.

Small intestine from a foal highly infected with ascarids. The foal died of a strangulation colic, the inside of the intestinal is completely blocked by the worms.

16 17



ArAbIAn HorsEHealtH

deWorMiNg adult HorSeS

Jan/Feb

March/April

May/June

July/August

Sept/October

Nov/Dec

Fenbendazole double dose 5 daysOR Moxidectin

Ivermectin + Praziquantel

Pyrantel group

Ivermectin

Benzimidazole group


Encysted & migrating small strongyles

Large & small strongyles, adult and immature pinworms and ascarids (large round worms)

Large & small strongyles, adult pinworms and ascarids (large round worms), bots + tapeworms

Large & small strongyles, adult pinworms and ascarids (large round worms)

Large & small strongyles, adult pinworms and ascarids (large round worms), bots

Large & small strongyles, adult pinworms and ascarids (large round worms)

Large & small strongyles, adult pinworms and ascarids (large round worms), bots + tapeworms

Panacur® OREquest®

Equimax®, Zimectrin Gold®

Strongid® Banminth®

Equell®, Zimectrin® Eqvalan®

Panacur®

Panacur® PowerpacOREquimax®

dRuG PROduCT EXAMPlESTARGETMONTH

deWorMiNg foalS

First week after birth

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

11

12

Ivermectin

Fenbendazole

Pyrantel


Fenbendazole

Pyrantel

Moxidectin + Praziquantel

Fenbendazole

Pyrantel


Fenbendazole

Pyrantel

Ivermectin +Praziquantel

General parasite control



General parasite control + tapeworms



General parasite control+ tapeworms






General parasite control + tapeworms

Eqvalan®

Panacur®

Strongid®, Banminth®


Panacur®


Paramox®

Panacur®



Panacur®



dRuG PROduCT EXAMPlESTARGETMONTH OF lIFE

deWorMerS

Equest

Eqvalan

VectinEraquell

Strongid p

Pyratype banminth

EquitapeEqvalan duo

EquimaxEquest pramox

Panacur

Moxidectin

Ivermectin

Pyrantel Tartrate/Embonate

PraziquantelPraziquantel + Ivermectin

Praziquantel + Ivermectin Praziquantel + Moxidectin

Fenbendazole

13 weeks

8 weeks

8 weeks8 weeks

4 weeks

4 weeks

8 weeks8 weeks

8 weeks13 weeks

4 weeks

Kills all except tapeworm. Effective against encysted small redworm larvae Can be used from 4 months old

Kills all except encysted small redworm larvae and tapewormCan be used in young foals.

Double dose kills tapewormCan be used from 8 weeks oldKills round worms. Does not kill bots or encysted small redworm larvae

Tapeworm onlyKills all at single dose, except encysted small redworm larvaeCan be used from 2 weeks oldKills all at a single doseCan be used from 4 months old

5 day course kills encysted small redworm larvae, but there is some resistance. Does not kill tapeworm. Can be used in young foals.

ACTIVE INGREdIENT ACTIONduRATION OF ACTIONTRAdE NAME

Horses with heavy worm manifestation can show signs of bad skin and coat.

tapeworms, to name only two—but their impact is fairly minor in comparison to strongyles. Knowing how dangerous strongyles are, we want to be able to keep our horses strongyle-free as much as possible.

TARGET PARASITES IN ADULT HORSESLARGE STRONGYLES—The most dangerous of the equine parasites are the large strongyles, or bloodworms. The three major species of large strongyles (strongylus vulgaris, s. edentatus, and s. equinus) count among their various crimes against horses such severe symp-toms as anemia, liver damage, damage to the cranial mesenteric artery from ver-minous aneurysms, and severe thrombo-embolic colic. Furthermore, few worms are more prolific. Female strongyles lay eggs almost constantly, re-infecting your pastures again and again. The eggs hatch

in fecal piles and the larvae go through three stages before they become infective, at which point they crawl up blades of grass so they can easily hitch a ride with a juicy mouthful. Horses can also ingest the larvae directly from the soil or from drinking contaminated water.

SMALL STRONGYLES—The 40-odd species of cyathostomes (small stron-gyles) that infect horses are less driven by wanderlust than their larger cousins. Instead of taking the migratory approach, they set up housekeeping in the gut im-mediately and provide themselves with defenses that make it practically impos-sible for the horse’s immune system to at-tack them. shortly after being swallowed, small strongyle larvae invade the lining (mucosa) of the large intestine, where a thin, tough capsule of scar tissue forms around each worm. These cysts simulta-neously protect the larvae from the host’s immune reactions and the majority of equine dewormers that are currently marketed. once securely encysted, small strongyle larvae can enter a period of dor-mancy or continue to develop, depending on how many other small strongyles are already present in the environment of the horse. All eventually emerge, however, to morph into adults in the lumen (cavity) of the gastrointestinal tract. Individual worms could lay thousands of eggs in one day. An entire population of worms in the horse could produce over a million a day, which are then shed in the manure. Al-though small strongyles generally cause less damage than their larger cousins, they can be responsible for intensely ir-

ritated intestinal tissues, diarrhea, weight loss, and anemia. Another danger is the risk of huge numbers of them emerging from the intestinal tissues all at once af-ter the adult population dies off (either through “old age” or by being purged with a deworming drug). In essence, the act of deworming can trigger the next wave of larval emergence from the gut wall within a very short period of time (usually seven to 10 days). on occasion, a severe syndrome called larval cyathostomes oc-curs with the synchronous emergence of many small strongyle larvae; it can pro-duce sudden onset diarrhea, impaired gut motility, weakness, muscular wasting, and serious colic. rarely, horses can sud-denly die with few outward symptoms of disease, the cause being revealed only on necropsy.

TAPEWORMS—As we’ve noted pre-viously, tapeworms (Anoplocephala per-foliata, the only major variety of cestode, or flatworm, to infect horses) were long thought to be very minor players in the equine parasite game. recent studies have given us a clearer picture of their significance and the harm they do. Tape-worms attach fiercely to the intestinal wall, which can cause severe inflamma-tion at the attachment site. They’re asso-ciated with several types of severe colic, especially ileocecal intussusceptions. The worms can sometimes cause impaction colic, and it’s suspected that chemicals they release might interfere with normal gut motility.

BOTS—The larvae of the bot fly are

Itching and scratching of the horse’s tail can be a symptom of a pinworm-infection.

the south) or in particular management conditions (i.e., stabling during winter in the north), strongyle eggs can’t develop into future parasites. under these circumstances, it’s harmless for horses to pass large numbers of strongyle eggs in their manure, because those eggs don’t turn into future parasites. At these times, anthelmintics treatments can be reduced or even discontinued.

HOST FACTORSIndividual horses vary widely in their susceptibility to cyathostomes infections, and fecal egg counts (FEC) will reflect those differences. The majority of the parasites in any group of animals are concentrated in a minority of the animals. Traditionally, however, all horses in a herd have been treated exactly the same when it came to parasite control. When one considers this practice critically, it should be obvious that routine deworming is unnecessary for some members of the herd; at best this practice is cost-inefficient for the animals that receive more treatment than necessary, and at worst it promotes drug resistance. It is also likely that the same programs that are excessive for some horses will prove to be suboptimal for highly susceptible members of the herd. Fortunately, it is possible to categorize the potential of members of a herd to contaminate a pasture with strongyles. The timely determination of quantitative fecal egg counts can identify the troublemakers as well as the easy. Quantitative fecal examination is absolutely essential if one intends to approach parasite control in a logical, medically based fashion. Let your veterinarian know that you want this service and are willing to support it (pay for it). diagnostic testing isn’t free, but the expense might be offset by money saved when eliminating some unnecessary or ineffective anthelmintics treatments.

ANTHElMINTICS ISSuES you also need to become familiar with the expected egg reappearance periods (Erps) of the various anthelmintics products. Erp is an extremely important concept in small strongyle control. As we’ve emphasized previously, most dewormers don’t kill the encysted larval

stages, and even those dewormers that are approved for this purpose do not completely eradicate the larvae. Therefore, when you treat a horse with an effective dewormers that removes adult worms from the intestinal cavity (lumen), encysted larvae already lurking in the intestinal wall are primed and ready to repopulate the gut lumen. It takes several weeks for emergent worms to become sexually mature and begin egg laying. The time between treatment and when eggs reappear in feces is the Erp (egg reappearance period), and the Erp differs depending on the drug you use. If the time between treatments exceeds the Erp for the drug last given, then egg shedding onto pasture will occur, guaranteeing that horses will always be infected. since Erps differ for the different dewormers, using standard intervals between treatments in a rotation will likely fail to adequately control egg shedding in many horses, and this is your primary objective. It is also important to appreciate that if there is no egg disappearance, then egg reappearance becomes a moot point. High levels of resistance to many common dewormers

means that you won’t achieve egg disappearance with your treatments, and thus will again fail to adequately control egg shedding.

MANAGEMENT ISSuESstandard parasite control measures are always helpful. These include providing safe pastures or paddocks. What’s a “safe” pasture? That’s one that has been left vacant for at least two months during the warm season of the year, one used recently to produce hay, or a pasture that was grazed by an alternate livestock species, such as cattle or sheep. If possible, horses should not be fed directly off the ground. Manure collected from stalls or from paddocks should be composted for at least several weeks before it is spread on occupied pastures. pastures should never be harrowed (dragged) while they are occupied by grazing horses, and harrowing should only be performed during the warmest months of the year.

TAkE-HOME MESSAGEIf there is only one message you take home from all of the information we’ve

presented, it should be that there is a pressing need to change our thinking about parasite control methods and recommendations. We’ve gotten used to deworming our horses by rote and without much veterinary intervention; now it’s time for veterinarians to become more involved again, with informed consultation and monitoring services. Horse owners also need to become more proactive about parasite control and to be willing to pay for that consultation and monitoring instead of just buying another tube of anthelmintics paste and trusting it to do the job. Time-honored health care routines can be hard to shake. but if we look at the data and recognize the shortcomings in the traditional approach, we can become more open to the idea of deworming according to the FEC evidence rather than the calendar. The end result might just be less reliance on anthelmintics, which will help preserve their effectiveness and stave off those ever looming resistance issues. That’s a goal few could argue—especially when it also results in healthier, less parasitized horses.

the most significant “non-worm” para-sites harbored by horses. bot flies (Gas-terophilus spp.) are common virtually everywhere horses are kept, with two major species: Gasterophilus nasalis, which lays its eggs on the hairs of the intermandibular space (under the jaw); and Gasterophilus intestinalis, which lays its eggs on the hairs of the horse’s forelegs and shoulders. G. nasalis larvae hatch spontaneously and crawl their way to their host’s lips, while G. intestinalis eggs hatch when horses rub their warm muzzles on their legs, with the larvae quickly entering the mouth and burrow-ing into the tissues of the tongue. bots can do significant damage both in the oral cavity, where they spend their first month or so of life, and in the stomach, where they set up shop in their final lar-val stage. They attach to the stomach wall with mouth hooks and spend up to nine months drawing nourishment and ulcer-ating the tissues. bot flies are not com-mon in Kuwait – but of course you can expect bot fly larvae in imported horses.

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORSbecause larvae encysted in gut tissues are not consistently susceptible to dewormers, all horses pass strongyle eggs in their manure at a predictable interval after treatment. regardless of the anthelmintics used, it is impossible to “clean out” a horse’s parasite burden by deworming. When strongyle eggs pass into the environment, their ultimate infectivity is controlled by environmental conditions. In the southern united states, the climate is most conductive for hatching of strongyle eggs and their development into infective larvae during autumn and spring. In winter months, larvae can survive on pasture for long periods of time, but in the summer, larval development and survival are poor. In the north, environmental conditions are most conducive for hatching of strongyle eggs and their development into infective larvae during the spring, summer, and autumn. Contrary to popular opinion, conditions from autumn through winter are very favorable for the persistence of infective larvae on pasture. during certain seasons (i.e., hot summer in

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ArAbIAn HorsEreSearCH

THE FAMILy

oF HALIMA

Malacha (El Sareei x Moheba)

of the dahman shahwan strain tracing back to El dahma db, there are two major families: that of obeya with the main branches of Layla and bukra, and that of Farida with the main branches of bint Farida and Halima. Though it was the bint Farida branch that continued the family at El Zahraa in Egypt, it is the Halima family that has the greater significance on a global scale.

Halima was a bay mare foaled in 1944 at the royal Agricultural society's stud in Egypt. she was by the great broodmare sire sheikh El

Arab, who was himself a dahman shahwan of the obeya family. Her dam ragia was a daughter of Ibn rabdan out of Farida, who traced back in three generations to Ali pasha sherif's original desert bred El dahma.Halima had total of 11 foals, but only two of them bred on: the stallion Ansata Ibn Halima by nazeer, who founded his own worldwide dynasty in the usA, and the mare Moheba by sid Abouhom, through whom the entire family is descended today. none of Halima's progeny were used for breeding in Egypt, so her blood was preserved entirely by her exported son and daughter.

ARTICLE BY: BETTY FINKE

Although Moheba never had a foal in Egypt, she became a mare of central importance to worldwide straight Egyptian breeding. In 1955, she was sold to the prince of Inn- and Knyphausen in Germany, four years old and in foal to El sareei. she has the distinction of being the first Egyptian mare imported to Germany in the 20th century, and also the most significant.Moheba had only three registered foals, of which just one was straight Egyptian: her daughter Malacha by El sareei, imported to Germany in utero. Malacha became a foundation mare for both Lütetsburg stud and for Marbach state stud, where her family still thrives today through her youngest daughter, Mahari (1969, by Hadban Enzahi).Her greatest contribution to the breed, however, were two full sisters sired by Ghazal (nazeer x bukra), himself a dahman shahwan: Moheba II, foaled in 1960, and Malikah, foaled in 1962. both were awarded the Elite status by the German Arabian registry, and they are among the most influential mares of the breed.

iNterNatioNal dYNaStYAmong Moheba II's nine foals, the best were four full siblings by Hadban

Enzahi: Mameluck, exported to the usA; Madkour I, Elite stallion, German national Champion and sire of Jamil; Moneef, many years chief sire at Marbach; and the only mare from this breeding, Mona III, also ranked Elite.Mona III produced the influential stallion Masoud by Ibrahim and several daughters, two of which were ranked Elite: Mahameh by Ibrahim and Kamla II by Ansata Halim shah. Mahameh was a foundation mare for peter Gross, for whom she produced four exquisite full siblings by Madkour I: the mares Mahbouba and Mahfouza and the stallion Mahfouz, who all joined the breeding program, and the stallion Mahadin, a champion sire in Austria and recently leased to Marbach in order to strengthen the Moheba bloodline. Another son of Mahameh, Moheeb (by El shahwan), sired the lovely international champion and top sire Al Ayad, who tragically died far too young, but left a legacy of lovely offspring. Mahameh's most significant foal, however, was her very first son, El Thay Ibn Halim shah, bred by El Thayeba Arabians who leased Mahameh as a young mare in order to breed her to Ansata Halim shah. both Mahameh and Halim shah were completely unproven

at the time, but the combination was a thorough success. El Thay Ibn Halim shah became a premium and Elite stallion as well as a show winner and, most importantly, a hugely successful sire. He was also raced successfully as a young horse for his performance test, which is very unusual for an Egyptian horse.Mona III's second significant daughter was also bred by El Thayeba Arabians: Kamla II, by Ansata Halim shah. she founded her very own dynasty that extends far beyond the borders of Germany today. Her oldest daughter El Thay bint Kamla (by El Thay Mansour), an Elite mare was exported in 2004 to Ajmal Arabian stud in Kuwait. she produced the champion and top sire El Thay Mashour (by Madkour I), sold to Qatar, and the mare El Thay Maymouna (by El Thay Ibn Halim shah), dam of the premium stallion nedschd Mansour; the premium mare El Thay Menha (by El Thay Ibn Halim shah), exported to Al Waab stud, Qatar; and El Thay rayyana (by Ansata selman), now owned by Aljazira Arabians, Kuwait. other notable foals of Kamla II include the premium stallion El Thay Khemal pasha (by El Thay Mansour), now owned by Al Khaled Farm, saudi Arabia, and leased to bait

Ansata Majesta & Ansata Malaka

Ansata Ibn Halima (Nazeer x Halima)

Mona III (Hadban Enzahi x Moheba II)

Madkour I (Hadban Enzahi x Moheba II)

Ansata Malika (Jamil x JKB Masouda)

20 21




Al Arab; the broodmare El Thay rosetta (by El Thay Ibn Halim shah), owned by Al Waab stud, Qatar; the premium and national Champion mare El Thay Kamla (by El Thay Mashour), also owned by Al Waab stud; and the treasured El Thayeba broodmare El Thay Khadija (by El Thay Mashour) who died far too young but left three precious daughters at the stud. Kamla II had two daughters by Ansata selman. The first, El Thay Karubi, is owned by Al Jude stud, Kuwait, El Thay Kamria remained at El Thayeba Arabians. Kamla's last daughter El Thay Koloub (by El Thay Melek) is now owned by Arabian stud, Kuwait.

queeN of elite MareSMoheba II's full sister Malikah became a foundation mare for dr. Erwin Filsinger and created her own dynasty there.

unlike the nearly white Moheba II, she was a densely flea-bitten grey mare whose overall type recalled Ansata Ibn Halima.Like Moheba II, she had a number of hugely successful full siblings by Hadban Enzahi: the stallions Mahomed and Malik, and three mares, Maymoonah, Mofeedah, and Maisa. All five siblings are ranked Elite by the German registry.Mahomed was a hugely influential horse in Germany whose most influential offspring in Egyptian breeding were his son Ibrahim (exported to Kuwait in 1988), and daughter Mona II, both also ranked Elite. Mona II was the dam of two Elite mares: Madinah, who produced Imperial Madheen, and El Thay Maheera, dam of the Elite stallion El Thay Mansour and the premium mare El Thay Magidaa. Malik stood many years at the om El Arab stud, where he sired highly

successful offspring. He was not much used for straight Egyptian breeding until he was sold to Israel. His daughter Musaliha, foaled there, produced the stallion Mosalli.All three of Malikah's Elite daughters by Hadban Enzahi founded extensive branches of their own.Maymoonah produced the stallion Maymoon for dr. Filsinger before being sold to Günther seidlitz. Maymoon died young, but was a significant sire for the Filsinger stud whose blood dominates the breeding program to the present day. Günther seidlitz bred Maymoonah exclusively to his Morafic son Madkour, who was also a dahman shahwan, but from a different family. The most famous result of this breeding was the Elite stallion Messaoud, who was for many years the most-used Arabian sire in Germany and left a legacy of sons and daughters, his most internationally famous sons being Imperial Madheen and orashan. Messaoud was also well-known for his wonderful disposition and used to appear in show acts together with his owners' many children. His full brothers Montasar and Madmaymour were also successful breeding stallions.of the full sisters by Madkour out of Maymoonah, the most successful were Maamoonah, who has a huge family in Germany, and JKb Masouda who went to Jean Kayser's stud farm in Luxemburg. she had six daughters, of which the two most important were Ansata Malika by Jamil and Ansata Meryta by Ansata Halim shah, both initially sold to Ansata Arabians. Ansata Meryta was later sold to the state stud of Kuwait, the Arabian Horse Center, now named bait Al Arab where she became very influential through her daughters Mzoon Elkuwait and Manar Elkuwait, both by shahin. In the usA, Ansata Malika produced five daughters by Ansata Halim shah. The two oldest, Ansata Majesta and Ansata

Manar Elkuwait(Shahin x Ansata Meryta)

Mzoon Elkuwait(Shahin x Ansata Meryta)

Ajmal Al Kout(Ansata Hejazi x Ansata Malaka)

Mesk Elkuwait (A.Hejazi x Mzoon Elkuwait)

Ansata Meryta(Ansata Halim Shah x JKB Masouda)

Ansata Malaka(Ansata Halim Shah x Ansata Malika)

22 23



In conclusion, the Halima-Moheba family – also sometimes known as the "M family" occupies a very special place in Egyptian breeding in Germany. Its members are said to possess a certain charm and exotic type that is very distinctive and recognizable. Looking back at the mare through whom the family descends, Malacha was not herself particularly beautiful and certainly not exotic and would never have won at a show. she was, however, a correct and solid broodmare, the type it is often easier to breed from

than from champions. If one looks at her most successful offspring, it also becomes evident that she produced best when bred to Ghazal, who was himself a dahman shahwan from the bukra family. In later generations, this family also nicked extremely well with Ansata Halim shah, also of the bukra family. blending together these two branches of the El dahma family, that of bukra and that of Halima, has produced some of the finest straight Egyptian Arabians in the world today.

Ansata Majesty(Ansata Halim Shah x Ansata Malika)


Magnifica, were both sold to Al rayyan stud in Qatar, where Ansata Majesta was one of the most winning show horses. she produced the well-known stallion Ashhal Al rayyan by safir who became a very influential sire, and the stallion Wahag Al rayyan by Alidaar, who was sold to Al safinat stud, Kuwait. The third daughter Ansata Majesty was sold to Al Arab stud, sheikha sarah Fahad Al sabah, Kuwait; the fourth, Ansata Malaha, to Al shaqab stud in Qatar. The youngest, Ansata Malaka, produced several foals in the usA including Ansata Malik shah (by Ansata Hejazi) who was later exported to the stud of the ruler of sharjah, H.H. sheikh dr. sultan Al Qassimi. she was then sold to Ajmal Arabian stud, Kuwait where she delivered the full brother to Ansata Malik shah, Ajmal Al Kout Maymoonah's younger daughter Massilah and Mohebba bint Maymoonah and their many daughters have carried on the family at the stud farm of the seidlitz family in Germany.Malikah's second daughter by Hadban Enzahi was Mofeedah, owned all her life by petra Horsch in Germany. she produced four full sister by Anchor Hill Halim, who all became successful broodmares with many descendants today. Mofeedah spent her last years at El Thayeba Arabians after her owner had gone to the usA, and produced one more daughter, El Thay bint Mofeedah (by El Thay Ibn Halim shah). El Thay bint Mofeedah was ranked Elite and produced four foals at El Thayeba before being sold to Ajmal Arabian stud in Kuwait. Her oldest daughter, El Thay Mashoura (by El Thay Mashour), was a premium mare and is now owned by Al Ghabry stud on Egypt along with one of her daughters. Her daughter El Thay Malikah by Ansata selman has remained to continue the family at El Thayeba together with her daughter El Thay Mazyouna by El Thay Mahfouz.The third Hadban Enzahi daughter, Maisa, remained at Filsinger Arabians as a broodmare. Her oldest daughter Manaya, by Madkour, was a broodmare first at Kauber platte Arabian stud and later at Hanaya Arabians in switzerland.

At Kauber platte her family is continued by her daughter Kp Mofida (by Idrees) with two sons and two daughters; her oldest daughter Kp bint Mohssen (by Mohssen) is now a broodmare at Al Qusar Arabians in Germany and is the dam of the fine stallion Ahmady Al Qusar, owned by the Ismer stud. Malikah also produced the Elite stallion Manal (by Anchor Hill Halim) and several daughters that remained as broodmares at Filsinger Arabians, including two by her own grandson Maymoon.

tHe MarbaCH legaCYFollowing Malikah, Malacha had two more foals at Lütetsburg that were not straight Egyptian, but also became important breeding horses; her son Marsuk by Haladin was used for

breeding Trakehners and sired the mare scherezad, a very important mare in Trakehner breeding.Malacha was then transferred to Marbach, where she had another four foals by Hadban Enzahi, three colts and a filly. one of the colts war never used for breeding. of the remaining two, Mubark was sold to Holland, where he sired many foals, but not very many straight Egyptians. His full brother Mali was used at Marbach for a time. He sired several licensed stallions and good broodmares, but none that were straight Egyptian.The only filly Malacha had by Hadban Enzahi, Mahari, was retained as a broodmare by Marbach. she produced the stallion Mahseer, by her own sire Hadban Enzahi, who was exported to Australia; and three broodmares for

Marbach: the full sisters Mustajidda and Messaouda by Gharib, and Masuda by Ibn Galal. Mustajidda's daughter Mhamdi (by nabil) and granddaughter Mahra (by Malik El nil) are still in the Marbach broodmare band today, as are Messaouda's daughters Memduha (by naheed) and Moraira (by serenity Habib). Messaouda also produced the Asil Cup Champion mare Maslama (by Moneef) and the Marbach sire Motassem (by Ansata Halim shah), who was a chief sire at Marbach for many years and left several daughters. Messaouda's oldest daughter Menaifah (by Moneef) became a foundation mare for Elke behrens in Germany and produced several excellent daughters who have done very well in Western riding under saddle and as broodmares.

El Thay Karubi (Ansata Selman x Kamla II)

Ansata Majesta (Ansata Halim Shah x Ansata Malika)

Faridah Al Rayah (Sinan Al Rayyan x Ansata Majestic)

El Thay Rayyana (Ansata Selman x El Thay Bint Kamla) Ashhal Al Rayyan (Safir x Ansata Majesta)

Wahag Al Rayyan (Alidaar x Ansata Majesta by Ansata Halim Shah)

24

3rd Edition 2011 - Issue 8

ArAbIAn HorsE letter

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PHotograPHYG. Grasso, E. Escher I. Filsinger,r. van Lent, nasser Al Ghaith, dr. Talal barakat, Ansata Arabians Archive

textWorkdr. Hans J. nagel, Ms. b. Finke,dr. Kristin schlender, Mr. A. Alhaddad, dipl.Ing.agr. Klaus G. beste

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Become a Bait al araB Friend!Arabian Horses are a fascinating part of Kuwait’s culture, more than worth preserv-ing and revitalizing. Within the next years bait Al Arab Kuwait state stud will devel-op striking facilities, created to discover and study the world of pure Arabian horses in Kuwait. All in all a huge challenge, with an enormous benefit for our population and the next generations. become a part of this exciting project. support it with your passion and join one of the following membership categories:

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Documents

HALIMA - Bait Al Arab · sAAd AHMEd ALFArHAn HAssAn AL-dAsHTI ZAInAb MurTAdHAWI 1. prize 2. prize 3. prize 4. prize 5. prize 6. prize 7. prize 8. prize 9. prize 10. prize From left