Haliburton County LakesStressors and Troubling Indicators

Terry MooreResearch Director

Two Imperatives

1. The health of Haliburton's environment and

its economy and property values are connected and dependent on the reality, not merely the image, of outstanding water quality.

2. Water quality protection and maintenance is "job one" for all of us

The ImageHaliburton is home to 600+ pristine lakes

Ignorance was Bliss

For years lake associations• Did secchi disk and

phosphorous testing• While not ideal there was not

a lot of change

• But indicators were troubling• Weed growth ↑• Fish populations ↓• Foul odours ↑• Algal blooms ↑

Response

• Set out to learn & share more– Numerous training courses – Expert speakers

• Did more testing– Dissolved Oxygen – Calcium– Invasive species– Coliform & E Coli

• Investigated actions that could be taken to improve the situation

Multiple Stressors

Phosphorous +• Calcium declines• Runoff ↓ 25% • Invasive species ↑• Open water season

length ↑• Temperatures ↑

Dr Norman Yan - MOE

Phosphorus and Calcium LevelsStatic Phosphorus levels are driving excessive nutrient

loading;Declining Calcium levels are threatening algae eating

organisms such as the Daphnia

Ca decline in 37 Muskoka/Haliburton lakes*

4.5 1:1

4.0Median change = -12%

3.5

3.0

2.5

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5

Ca (mg/L) in the 1980's

*Michelle Palmer’s PhD vs. old DESC data

The “little living

lawnmower” Daphnia*

It’s ~3% Ca

* Photo by D. Taylor, U of Buffalo

Algal blooms Are Increasing

50 other

40

30

20

10

0 1994

golden-brown algae

green algae

blue-green algae

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012

total, green & blue-green algae bloom reports from 1994-2012 (p < 0.001)

For more information see: Winter et al. (2011) Algal blooms in Ontario, Canada: Increases in reports since 1994. Lakes & Reservoir Management, 27:105-112. 10

Dissolved Oxygen (DO) LevelsThe Trout are in Trouble

Trout = Aquatic Canaries in Coal Mines

• Trout are very sensitive to Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Levels

• Cannot survive in an environment below 7mg/l of DO

• MOE and MNR test Cold Water Trout Lakes (CWTL) for DO

• CWTL with DO levels below 7mg/l are considered “at capacity” and new lot creation is embargoed

Haliburton Trout Lakes “At Capacity” Status

• Number of cold water trout lakes (CWTLs) in Haliburton County (HC) = 105;

* number "at capacity" = 50 (or 48%);* number "not at capacity" = 43 (or 41%);* number not rated = 12 (or 11%)

• If you take out the 12 "not rated" lakes the following results:

* number of rated lakes at capacity = 50/93 or 54%;* number of rated lakes "not at capacity" = 43/93 or 46%

Dead Zones in Haliburton Lakes

Timing, Size and DurationAll Affected by Human Activity

Global Warming is altering the rules of the game

Changes to the hydrological cycle across Eastern North America

• Less precipitation as snow and smaller snow pack • Earlier snow melt• Later ice over and earlier ice out • More rain in spring and fall • Less rain in summer • More extreme weather events including drought and

heavy precipitation• More Challenges for the TSW

What is Causing Water Quality Decline on our Lakes?

Best Answer = Combined Impact of Multiple Stressors

• Septic Systems • Shoreline De Naturalization and • Climate Change

Who Will Look After Our Lakes?

• All levels and stripes of govt are cutting back– MNR– MOE– Federal Government

• More and more will fall to underfunded and under staffed Lake Associations

Key Factors Under Individual Control

• Septic Systems– Every system pollutes– 1 in 4 systems are not

working properly

• Un Natural Shorelines

Most Important Individual Actions• Healthy Septic Systems

and PracticesTime and Bacteria– Time by minimizing

water use ( 1 drop in = 1 drop out)

– Bacteria by eliminating all bacteria killers +

• Tip sheet available

Shoreline Naturalization• Replace this with next

slide

2 years

Encourage Collective Action

• Tell Political Leaders to get serious about Climate Change and other Lake Stressors

• Support Mandatory Septic Re-Inspection and Remedial Action

• Support Shoreline Protection and Restoration Initiatives

• Support and Get Involved in Lake Association Water Quality Initiatives

Questions???