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HALF YEARLY PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT -2018
OF
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE SMART SYNTHESIS OF
CARBON NANO MATERIAL ALONG WITH THE PRODUCTION OF
HIGH VALUE ADDED FUEL AND ADDITIVES FOR THE
CONCRETE MIXTURE FROM WASTE PLASTIC, A HAZARDOUS
WASTE AROUND THE HIMALAYAN REGION
Submitted
To
NATIONAL MISSION OF HIMALIYAN STUDIES
KOSI-KATARMAL, ALMORA
Submitted
By
Dr. Nanda Gopal Sahoo
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre
Department of Chemistry
DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
NMHS Progress Report
(Period from 1st April 2017 to 31st Dec 2017)
1. Project Information: Project ID: KU/NMHS/MG/2016/002 /8603/007 Sanction Date: 31-03-
2016
Project Title: “Environmentally Sustainable Smart Synthesis of Carbon Nano
material Along With the Production of High Value Added Fuel and Additives
for the Concrete Mixture from Waste Plastic, a Hazardous Waste around the
Himalayan Region”
BTG:Environmental Assessment and Management
PI and Affiliation: Dr. Nanda Gopal Sahoo (Associate Professor) Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Centre Department of Chemistry Kumaun University, Nainital
Name & Address of Co-P.I.s-
(i) Prof. A.B.Melkani,
Head Department of Chemistry,
DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
(ii) Prof. S.P.S. Bisht,
Department of Zoology,
DSB Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
(iii) Dr. Mahendra Rana,
Department of Pharmacy,
Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital
Abstract: The sustainable management of ecology and biodiversity via solid waste
management in the form of up-cyclization has been demonstrated in this half year progress
report (Period from 1st April 2017 to 31st Dec 2017). During this period various project
activities has been accomplished within the time period of project chart activity. Especially
this period was dedicated to the installation of SWAYAMBHU-WRM-2021 along with
several other project related activities. After commissioning the waste recycling machine
(SWAYAMBHU-WRM-2021) at its manufacturing site (Bangalore, India), we have
checked the utility of this machine at the manufacturer’s site, which was found to be
satisfactory without any modifications at present. Presently this machine has been arrived
at project site i.e. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre, Kumaun University, Nainital
and is passing through the installation process at the site. In-spite of these major activities
centre has submitted two important international journal papers in IJBIOMAC and
Materials Science and Engineering: C. Not only this, our expertise in this field was
demonstrated by us in various national and International conferences, where scientific
community highly appreciated our mission to save the ecology and biodiversity of the
Himalayas. Beside this, several other experiments were carried out during this tenure give
us fruitful results in the field of waste management technology. Our technology to get
value added product from waste plastics lead us to file a patent in the Indian Patent office
successfully with complete specifications with some other addendum specifications. The
filed patent successfully demonstrates the process of manufacturing of graphene from
waste plastics. To find the practical application of this waste plastic graphene, we
incorporate several insoluble drugs and polymer with it to check the compatibility of this
material in the field of drug delivery and polymer nanocomposites. Results thus obtained
shows satisfactory role of this material. Also, other activities related to the project such as
awareness program and survey of waste plastics were conducted in the various regions of
project sites by our NGO partner.
Project Partner
Name Affiliations Role & Responsibilities
Prayogank
Society, Nainital
Non-Governmental
Organization
Awareness Programs and Monitoring of waste
plastic survey programs.
2. Project Site Details
Project Site Hill areas of Uttarakhand
IHR States Covered Uttarakhand
Long. & Lat. 30.0668° N, 79.0193° E
Site Maps
Site Photographs
3. Project Activities Chart w.r.t. Timeframe [Gantt or PERT]
PROJECT ACTIVITIES
WORK UNDERTAKEN
OUTPUT
YEAR: 2017-2018
Qtr 1
Qtr 2
Qtr 3
Qtr 4
Purchase materials (chemicals & glasswares), establishment of SWAYAMBHU-WRM-2021, Purchase instruments
In Process
Collection of required raw materials and value added fuel from the waste plastic through Machine. Purification of the required raw carbon content, Synthesis of Graphene, Awareness programs, making of short documentary about plan, collection of high value added fuel and its characterization.
In Process
Characterization and optimization of method employed for the synthesis, optimization of the method and preparation of CNT and Awareness programs
In Process
4. Financial and Resource Information
Total Grant:
1,97,88,800/-
Grant ReceivedDate:
1,65,80,000/-
Project Affiliations/ Institution Budget Allocated to Work Done Partner(s)
Prayogank Society, Nainital.
Non Governmental Organization
Rs. 67,200/- Completed
8. Project Progress Summary: Description Total (Numeric) Description
IHR States Covered
01
The aim of the project as mentioned in the Detailed project report is to cover the whole Kumaun region. Presently we are targeting the most polluted tourist places of this region such as Nainital, Almora, Bageshwar and Ranikhet. We are aiming to creating awareness in these poject sites with the help of our NGO partners. After it we will collect all the plastic waste form these site for our waste recycling machine to minimize the pressure of solid waste around these sites.
Project Site/ Field Stations Developed:
No. of Patents filed (Description):
01
Article/ Review/ Research Paper/ Publication:
02
Establishment of prepared Laboratory has been done after getting the first second financial aid from NMHS.
N.G.Sahoo, Sandeep, M.Karakoti, V.D.Punetha, “A process of manufacturingGraphene”, Application No. 201611016081
1. Sandeep, M.KarakotiDhali, N.Pandey, V. D. Punetha, N.G.“Invincible Applications of Conductive Organic Materials for the Development of Futuristic Solar Photovoltaics”.; J. Chem. Eng. Chem. Res. Vol. 3, No. 12016. 2.V.D.Punetha, G. Bisht, Neha , H.Tiwari,A.Panwar,V.Pandey, N.G.Sahoo,; “screening and therapeutic potential for alcoholic bark extract of squamata; J. Chem. Eng. Chem. Res. Vol. 3, No. 12016. 3. N. Karki , H. Tiwari , M. Pal , A. Chaurasiya , R. R. Bal , P. Joshi , N. G. Sahoo*,;Functionalization of graphene oxides with polyvinylpyrrolidone and β- cyclodextrin for drug loading, release and delivpoorly water soluble anticancer drug: A comparative study; Bio. Mac. (Submitted)4. Sandeep,S. R. V. Siva Prasanna, Boddepalli SanthiBhushan, Manoj Karakoti,Sunil Dhali Neema Pandey, S.P. S. Mehta, Jitendra K. Pandey,Anurag
Establishment of well-Laboratory has been
done after getting the first and financial aid from
N.G.Sahoo, Sandeep, M.Karakoti, V.D.Punetha, “A process of manufacturing
Application No.
Karakoti, S. Dhali, N.Pandey, V. D. Punetha, N.G.Sahoo.; “Invincible Applications of Conductive Organic Materials for the Development of Futuristic Solar Photovoltaics”.; J. Chem. Eng. Chem. Res. Vol. 3, No. 10,
V.D.Punetha, G. Bisht, Neha ,
anwar,V.Pandey, N.G.Sahoo,; “Chemical screening and therapeutic potential for alcoholic bark extract of Juniperus
J. Chem. Eng. Chem. Res. Vol. 3, No. 11,
N. Karki , H. Tiwari , M. Pal , A. Chaurasiya , R. R. Bal , P. Joshi , N. G. Sahoo*,;“ Functionalization of graphene oxides with polyvinylpyrrolidone
cyclodextrin for drug loading, release and delivery of poorly water soluble anticancer drug: A comparative study; J. Bio. Mac. (Submitted).
Sandeep,S. R. V. Siva Prasanna, Boddepalli SanthiBhushan, Manoj Karakoti,Sunil Dhali Neema Pandey, S.P. S. Mehta, Jitendra K. Pandey,Anurag
Srivastava, Sravendra Rana, Nanda Gopal Sahoo*; Dispersion and Stability Studyof Carbon Nanotubes in pH and Temperature Responsive Polymeric Matrix: Experiment and Dispersion-corrected DFT Study; Materials Science and Engineering: C (Submitted).
New Methods/ Modellings Developed
01
With the help of financial aid from NMHS, we are able to find an innovative method by which we can recycle the solid waste especially plastics into high value added products. The technique of recycling is based on the pyrolytic process in presence of sophisticated organically modified nanoclays which leads to the formation of value added products such as carbon Nanomaterials, petrol, diesel and kerosene oil.
No. of Trainings
01
After the appointment of three junior research fellows for the accomplishment of the project objectives, the laboratory scale training has been given to JRFs. Now they are able to resolve the problem concerning with the waste recycling technology.
Workshop: 01 One workshop has been conducted in the centre for under DST INSPIRE Camp, in which we taught about one hundred fifteen students about the solid waste management.
10. Additional (Publication, recommendations etc.)
Time Period
Publications National and International Conferences, Award and Honor:
Annual Year [2017-2018]
National and International Conferences 1. Sandeep Pandey, Manoj Karakoti, Sunil Dhali, Chetna Tiwari, Nanda Gopal Sahoo,;“Remediation of Soild Plastic waste into value added synthesis of Graphene Nano Flakes: An Invincible Method of Solid Waste Management for Better Tomorrow”.; International conference on Nanotechnology; Ideas, Innovations and Initiatives-2017, IIT-Roorkee, Uttarakhand.2. Nanda Gopal Sahoo, Synthesis and functionalization of graphene oxide for drug delivery applications; 4th IWCCMP-2016, ABV-IIITM, Gwalior. 3. Sunil Dhali, Sandeep, Manoj karakoti, SPS Mehta, Nanda Gopal Sahoo; “Development of graphene oxide based metal catalyst for proton exchange membrane fuel cell ( PMFCs)” ; International conference on Study of Nanometrials and Scientific Development in 21st Century (ICSNSDC), Jiwaji University, Gawalior. 3. Sandeep, Manoj Karakoti, Vinay Deep Punetha, Nanda Gopal Sahoo.;“Environmental Sustainable Smart Synthesis of 2-D Carbon nanomaterials Along with the Production of High Value Added Fuel, Additives for Concrete Mixture from Waste Plastic”. India International Science Festival 2016. NPL Delhi. 4. Seema, Himani Tiwari, Ganga Bisht, Nanda Gopal Sahoo.;“Fabrication and Characterization of Curcuminoid Nanoparticles”. 8th Conference of The Indian Science Congress Association (Haridwar Chapter) Nainital. Award and Honor: 1. Dr. Nanda Gopal Sahoo, Invited Speaker, Synthesis and functionalization of graphene oxidefor drug delivery applications; 4th IWCCMP-2016, ABV-IIITM, Gwalior.
11. Project Concluding Remark
Project Objectives Project Output against each objective
Progress made against monitoring indictors
Remarks
To synthesis Graphene from the plastic waste
Laboratory scale work regarding the
In Progress NA
for the energy and biomedical applications and to develop new cheaper and greener techniques for the mass production of Graphene from plastic waste.
said objective has been done. We are looking forward for its up gradation once new processing plant established
Conversion and collection of the fuel from the plastic waste for the automobile and other similar industrial applications using the same, by using specially design multipurposeincinerator (furnace)
Laboratory scale work regarding the said objective has been done. We are looking forward for its up gradation once new processing plant established
In progress NA
As the secondary stage plastic (semi liquid plastic) to be utilized for making additives for high standard concrete
Laboratory scale work regarding the said objective has been done. We are looking forward for its up gradation once new processing plant established
One Patent and One review paper has been published.
NA
Methodology (in brief):
(A) Research Methodology:
Introduction: The plastic waste management has become a worldwide pro
nature. The non-biodegradable nature of the plastic waste has created challenge infront
community. Various attempts have been made in order
to eliminate all the problems caused by plastics by using mercantilelaw. Fortunately the high carbon
content present in plastic waste gives us an opportunity tosynthesize and produce cost
environmentally-friendly, and self-sustaining CNMs,High value added fuel and additives for the concrete
mixture to increase the quality of concrete,which may later be exploited for many other applications
ranging from energy conversion andstorage, biomedical
and many more. Thepreliminary work done as of now has been summarized as follows.
Methodology: An innovative method has been adopted for the synthesis of the graphene and graphene oxide (Figure
1). The precursor for this synthesis was waste plastic, collected from the different region
inner part (up to 1 meter below) of the surface of earth within the project site. Waste plastic thus collected
were characterized and processed to get the value
and chopped finely. The chopped material was heated at very high temperature in presence of organically
modified OMMT till its degradation, which leads the formation of black charred residue. Th
charred residue later on treated with concentrated HNO
(Impure Graphene). The charred residue later on analyzed for further characterization techniques.
The plastic waste management has become a worldwide problem due to its non
biodegradable nature of the plastic waste has created challenge infront
community. Various attempts have been made in order to confront it. Thus thisProject is a sincere effort
to eliminate all the problems caused by plastics by using mercantilelaw. Fortunately the high carbon
content present in plastic waste gives us an opportunity tosynthesize and produce cost
sustaining CNMs,High value added fuel and additives for the concrete
mixture to increase the quality of concrete,which may later be exploited for many other applications
ranging from energy conversion andstorage, biomedical applications such as drug discovery and delivery
and many more. Thepreliminary work done as of now has been summarized as follows.
An innovative method has been adopted for the synthesis of the graphene and graphene oxide (Figure
rsor for this synthesis was waste plastic, collected from the different region
inner part (up to 1 meter below) of the surface of earth within the project site. Waste plastic thus collected
were characterized and processed to get the value added product. For this plastic waste was collected, cleaned
and chopped finely. The chopped material was heated at very high temperature in presence of organically
modified OMMT till its degradation, which leads the formation of black charred residue. Th
charred residue later on treated with concentrated HNO3 and washed with distilled water. The charred residue
(Impure Graphene). The charred residue later on analyzed for further characterization techniques.
Figure 1
blem due to its non-biodegradable
biodegradable nature of the plastic waste has created challenge infront of scientific
to confront it. Thus thisProject is a sincere effort
to eliminate all the problems caused by plastics by using mercantilelaw. Fortunately the high carbon
content present in plastic waste gives us an opportunity tosynthesize and produce cost-effective,
sustaining CNMs,High value added fuel and additives for the concrete
mixture to increase the quality of concrete,which may later be exploited for many other applications
applications such as drug discovery and delivery
and many more. Thepreliminary work done as of now has been summarized as follows.
An innovative method has been adopted for the synthesis of the graphene and graphene oxide (Figure
rsor for this synthesis was waste plastic, collected from the different region of the upper and
inner part (up to 1 meter below) of the surface of earth within the project site. Waste plastic thus collected
added product. For this plastic waste was collected, cleaned
and chopped finely. The chopped material was heated at very high temperature in presence of organically
modified OMMT till its degradation, which leads the formation of black charred residue. The collected
and washed with distilled water. The charred residue
(Impure Graphene). The charred residue later on analyzed for further characterization techniques.
Characterization of the Graphene:The end product was confirmed as graphene. All therequisite data for the structural elucidation has been tabulated as follows
A. RAMAN Spectra of charred residue
C. XRD spectra of charred residue
E. AFM image of charred residue
The end product was confirmed as graphene. All therequisite data for the structural elucidation has been tabulated as follows:
RAMAN Spectra of charred residue B. FT-IR Spectra of charred residue
XRD spectra of charred residue without washing D. XRD Spectra of charred residue afterwashing
AFM image of charred residue F. AFM image of charred residue (Stack view)
The end product was confirmed as graphene. All therequisite data for the
IR Spectra of charred residue
XRD Spectra of charred residue afterwashing
AFM image of charred residue (Stack view)
Figure.2 (A) RAMAN Spectra of charred residue (B) FT-IR Spectra of charred residue (C) XRD
spectra of charred residue without washing (D) XRD Spectra of charred residue after washing
(E) AFM image of charred residue (F) AFM image of charred residue (Stack view).
The number of characteristics technique applied for the confirmation of synthesis of graphene which
show in figure. 2. All the techniques sign towards this synthesized material is graphene. In fig 2 (A) the
Raman spectra is foremost technique for the confirmation of graphene which gives the two
characterstics peak at 1379 cm-1 and 1568 cm-1 correspond to characteristic D and G band, respectively.
These two peaks are the characteriastics peak of graphene which confirmed the synthesized material is
graphene. After the Raman analysis we performed the FT-IR for this material to make sure the
functionalization and identification of which kind of functional group present in the sample
(fig.2(B).From the FT-IR show the peak at 3434 cm-1 ,1726 cm-1, 1084 cm-1 correspond to –OH, -
COOH, and epoxide C-O ,respectively.These group in the graphene arise at the acid treatment of it with
HNO3 and HF during the washing process. In fig 2(C) and (D) these are the XRD analysis of graphene
which shows three notable peaks at 2Ɵ = 7°, 27° and 50°.At 7° peak and its broadness show the
functionality of graphene, while the sharpness of peak at 27° and 50° are the characteristics peaks of
garphene which show the graphitic nature of graphene.
Thermogravimateric analysis (TGA):
TGA was performed for the analysis of graphitic nature, purity and mass of graphene is
measured over the time with change in temprature .The TGA system run 10°C /min at 800°C
,curve showed that major weight loss of graphene was take place in three stages i.e. at 100°C ,
100°C to 400 °C and 400°C to 785°C. Major losses in TGA graph of graphene due to the
presence of functional group in the graphene and volatile nature of these groups with increase in
temperature. The residues of graphene at 800°C showed only 5.8 % weight loss, indicating that
the resultant graphene had a very high purity.
EDX analysis:
The EDX (map sum spectrum) analysis gives the information about sample contain only carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. The presence of carbon is high it may reside in the form of sp2 and some
sp3 hybridized carbonof graphene. And presence of other elements such as oxygen and hydrogen
are due to functionalization of graphene in the form of –COOH, -OH and epoxide group.
TEM analysis:
Transmission electron microscopy was performed to reorganization of morphology and growth
of graphene (figure.3).
Figure 3:TEM Images of graphene
From TEM analysis, it is found that the graphene thus obtained shows wrinkled morphology
with arched boundaries, resulting from the chemical carbon bonding in the carbon layers, but at
several places the morphology of the graphene shows the arranged array of regular arrangement
of sheets. TEM results suggested that the synthesized graphene exhibit 4-5 layers of graphene. In
our studies, we found that low nucleation density must be controlled to get high quality of
graphene nano sheets, which was obtained by low rate of solid waste plastics pyrrolysis via
controlling the rate of temperature. Studies shows that slowly increment of temperature up to
400ºC provide low injection rate of carbon radicals to achieve the low nucleation density. After
400 ºC, the slow rate of temperature up to 756 ºC causes merging of graphene to form larger
cluster types structure, thus studies and data reveals that fast rate of temperature is needed for
the uniform distribution of graphene. Also major impurities such as amorphous carbon were not
found by adopting this process.
All the above characteristics technique applied for confirmation of graphene synthesis from the
waste plastic reveals the synthesized materials is graphene oxide.
Application of synthesized Graphene Oxide (GO):
1. Graphene oxide as a nono carrier in drug delivery
GO prepared from the waste plastic used as nano carrier for drug delivery applications. But
problems with the GO are mainly agglomeration which reduced its capacities and properties. To
overcome from these problems we functionalized the GO through covalently or non-covalently with
the biodegradable and biocompatible polymer as GOP is highly rich in polar hydrophilic groups,
such as hydroxyl, epoxy and carboxyl.FT-IR and Raman data of GO and polymer modified GO
reveals the successful attachment ofabundant groups present on GO surface.In drug delivery, GO
exhibits dose dependent toxicity but the appropriate functionalization of GO imparts it with an
aqueous solubility and a biocompatibility.Owing to its stupendous conjugated structure and vast
surface area bolsters its claim as an effective drug carrier. Its conjugated structure assists in the
targeted delivery of numerous aromatic water insoluble drugs. Herein this GO is used as a carrier
for poorly water soluble anticancer drug SN 38 also to enhance the targeting efficiency of these
drugs.
Characterization
Thermal Gravimetric Analysis
The quantitative analysis of the excipient functionalized GO was done by TGA. From TGA it is
clear that GO itself is thermally not stable and starts to lose mass even below 100˚C, so we can
conclude that which is due to the volatilization of storedwater in its π -stacked structure.Grafted
PVP chains seem to be effective at increasing the thermal stability of GO sheets. Finally it is clear
that due to combustion of carbon skeleton, 45 % quality loss occurred at 700˚C. TGA confirms the
presence of interactions between PVP and GO with varying the mass loss with respect to the
temperature. The loading capacity of the drug has been calculated with the help of UV-Vis
absorbance spectroscopy. Finally the cell killing activity of the pure drug and drug loaded on the
polymer GO carrier has been observed through the MTT assay, which clearly shows the enhanced
cell killing activity of drug loaded on the GO- polymer.
Raman Spectrum
Raman spectrum of GO and GO-PVP. In the Raman spectrum of GO, the G band widened and
shifted to 1597 cm − 1, which was due to the isolated double bonds. In addition, the D band at 1330
cm − 1 becomes prominent, indicating a reduction in size of the in-plane sp2 domains. In PVP-GO,
the G band shifts back to 1586 cm − 1, which is close to the G band (1575 cm-1) of the pristine
graphitecompared with GO, suggesting theconjugation within the PVP-GO is restored after PVP
grafting.
2. GO based polymer nanocomposities for structural applications:
Polymer nanocomposites establish a superior position in the field of nanotechnology for their
potential applications. The significant difference arises between the properties of the neat polymers
and their corresponding polymer nanocomposites are due to the remarkable effect of the nanofillers
on the polymer matrix. The nanostructured materials such as layered silicate (LS), carbon nanofiber
(CNF), carbon nanotube (CNT), and graphene are frequently used for the preparation of
multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. These reinforcing nanomaterials are showing high aspect
ratio (length to diameter ratio), unique microstructure, large surface area, specific mechanical,
electrical and magnetic properties for the development of high-performance and multifunctional
materials. In this work, the graphene oxide used as nanofiller for their excellent mechanical,
electrical, optical properties. The different weight percentages (0.1wt %, 0.5wt %, 1wt %, 2wt %, 5
wt %, GO jelled with hytrel polymer by solution mixing methods to enhance their mechanical
properties for structural application. The presence of functional groups (carboxyl groups, epoxy
group and hydroxyl group) on the surface of graphene oxide help to achieve better dispersion and
interaction with polymer matrix in order to get polymer nanocomposites with excellent properties.
Characterization:
TGA Thermogram
TGA was used to measure the thermal behavior of the samples. From Fig. 5, GO starts to lose mass
on heating even below 100◦C due to the presence of labile oxygenated groups such as hydroxyls,
carboxyls and epoxides on the GO sheets. The addition of GO into Hytrel polymer slightly
enhanced the thermal stability of resulting polymer nanocomposites. As the content of GO in
nanocomposites is increased with respect to Hytrel. The thermal stability of nanocomposites also
increases.
DSC Thermogram
The study of crystallization temperature (Tc), melting temperature (Tm), heat of crystallization
(∆Hc), heat of fusion (∆Hf) was done from the DSC analysis. It was observed from DSC, that as
GO content increased in nanocomposites, the melting temperature and heat of fusion were
decreased because GO couldn’t act as a very good nucleating agent. As well as the crystallization
temperature also increased.
3. In energy application:
Fuel cell:
Graphene from the waste plastic used for the developing a highly efficient or non-platinum metal
based catalyst for fuel cell. Herein,Graphene oxide-supported Palladium (Pd) based catalysts for
fuel cell electrodes shows high catalytic activity, low cost, and high resistance to carbon monoxide
(CO) poisoning. The graphene oxide based Pd catalyst was synthesized by chemical method and the
developed catalyst was compared against commercial catalysts with esteem to their performance in
a PEM fuel cell. In our present context of the work we reported the synthesis of graphene supported
non platinum Pd hybrid catalyst for the efficient catalytic activity PEMFCs. In this work the
graphene oxide from waste plastic was doped by palladium and iron in different ratios. The work
showed its significance results against the platinum based catalyst.
Characterization:
After the synthesis of Pd-GO-Fe hybrid catalyst for fuel cell it was characterized under EDX and
TEM.From EDX msp sum spectra show the catalyst contains Fe and Pd on GO and TEM show the
dispersion of Pd and Fe over the GO is very well.
Cyclic Voltammeter (CV)
The catalytic activity of thus prepared graphene based hybrid was investigated by using cyclic
voltametry (CV). Cyclic voltametry results revealed a good activity and a much better stability in
both ECSA and oxygen reduction reaction after 5000 cyclic voltametry cycles.
Conclusion:
From the above results, we have successfully prepared graphene from the waste plastic at
laboratory scale. Production at the large scale will be our utmost priority once the SWAYAMBHU -
WRM -2021 gets installed at the centre. The graphene synthesized from the waste plastic have
extensive properties which can further used in different field such as energy, drug delivery, fuel cell
and polymer nanocomposite.
(B) Methodology for the Awareness activities:
Introduction:
It is true that today we are in a position to recycle the plastic waste to get the value added product but
we cannot deny from the present situation of plastic waste, which potentially deteriorate our ecosystem.
It is necessary to identify the cause and conditions which are responsible for the problems concerning
with the waste plastics. As we all know, it is impossible to stop the use of plastic in our day to day life
because of its rapid use in various goods related to our living system. So we should aware the users of
plastic about the hazardous effect of plastics when used in unmannered way. Especially, if we study the
case of hill areas, peoples of these localities innocently use these plastics materials for all kind of food
supply chain waste. Reports shows that peoples use these plastic materials not only for fuel purpose but
also use it as covering and packaging materials for the safety of food waste. They unwillingly gives
their food waste along with the plastic packaging materials to their domestic cattle’s, which not only
affects their health, but sometimes also leads to painful death.
Indeterminately, we should aware the local community about the management of waste plastics. To
spread awareness about the management of plastics in our day to life,discussion with the involved NGO
(Prayogank Society Nainital) was carried out. After finalizing the theme of the program, various street
plays, door to door awareness programs and survey of plastic utilization by local community were
performed in the different places of project site. The data collected with the help these awareness
programs then analyzed to get the average figure of plastic utilization within the project site. During the
tenure of first phase of the awareness programs, we adopt the following methodology to get fruitful
results.
Identification of concerning problem via door to door awareness programs:
In the first stage of awareness programs, door to door awareness programs was conducted as the
first stage of the problem identification. About 426 peoples from different places of the project site
participated in this program (See data at www.ngsahooresearchgroup.in). Result extracted from
these data shows the utilization of plastic by them. The following listed points indicate the use of
plastic in day to day life.
(1) Types of plastic materials used:
2. Types of bags used:
138
53
23
206
6
Soft Drink Bottel
Medicinal bottel
Coffee Cup Plate
All Kind Of Plastic
No Response
0
50
100
150
200
250
Response
3. Number of people havinghabit to throw garbage in dustbin:
47
176
14
189
0
Plastic Bag Juite Bag Rubber Bag Synthetic Bag No Response
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Response
28
145
127118
8
Always Sometime No Never No Response
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
response
4. Harmful effect of gases produced by burning of plastic:
5. Average percentage of plastic in nearby garbage places:
6. Disposal of garbage in the right places:
181
46
146
47
6
Yes No Little bit Very Much No Response
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Sales
103
75
98
130
20
1-10% 10-20% 30-40% More than 50% No Response
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Response
7. Percentage of plastic is thrown in open land areas:
15 13
357
41
0
In Open Under Ground Dustbin Provided By Municipal
Board
By Burning No Response
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Response
348
34
10 1024
10% 25% 50% More Than 50% No Response
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Response
8. Use of plastic as fuel:
9. Decision of banning plastic completely:
150
38
155
65
18
Yes No In Balanced way
All Of The Above
No Respnse
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Response
32
148 151
84
9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Response
10. Dumping of waste after party\function:
These important data coming from door to door program help us to finalize the theme forstreet plays, to aware the local community about the hazardous effect of plastic in our day to day life.
Awareness Programs through Street Plays:
After finalizing door to door program, we came in the position to decide the theme of program. The
theme of the program “Plastic Jagrukta Abhiyan” was conducted in different places (Table 1) of the project
site by our NGO partner (Priyogank Society, Nainital). The artist of the NGO society spread the message of
waste management for the wellness of society. Also they show how potentially we can reduce the hazardous
effect of plastics in our ecosystem by using the waste recycling technologies. Peoples of the project site
highly appreciated steps taken by the National Mission on Himalayan Studies, Kosi Katarmal, Almora on the
vital area of waste management projects.
69
423
330
0
By Burning In Forest Underground Dustbin Provided By Municipal
Board
No Response
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Response
STREET PLAY AT ROADWAYS BUS STATION, RAMNGAR, UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT ROADWAYS BUS STATION, RAMNAGAR, UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT JWALA LINE RAMNAGAR, UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT JWALA LINE RAMNAGAR, UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC NAINITAL UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC NAINITAL UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT AAROHI BAL SANSAR, NATUWAKHAN, RAMGARH, NAINITAL UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT MAIN MARKET, NULLAKHAN, RAMGARH, NAINITAL UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT MAIN MARKET,
BHOWALI NAINITAL UTTARAKHAND
STREET PLAY AT NANO SCIENCE AND NANO TECHNOLOGY CENTRE NAINITAL UTTARAKHAND
Awareness program at Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre & interaction with Inspire scholar
Awareness program at Someshwar market
Awareness program at Anashakti Ashram, Kosani
Awareness program at Garud market
Awareness program at Bhejnath Temple
Awareness program at Bhageshwar market
Waste Plastic and effect on the inhabitants of District Pithoragarh and Nainital
Introduction:
The increased use and production of plastic in developing and emerging countries is a particular
concern, as the sophistication of their waste management infrastructure may not be developing at an
appropriate rate to deal with their increasing levels of plastic waste. The impacts of plastic waste on
our health and the environment are only just becoming apparent. Most of our knowledge is around
plastic waste in the marine environment, although there is research that indicates that plastic waste in
landfill and in badly managed recycling systems could be having an impact, mainly from the
chemicals contained in plastic. Theharmful imprints on the environment and perhaps human health,
according to a new compilation of articles authored by scientists from around the world. Several ofthe
chemicals used to produce plastics are hazardous for human health and the environment. These, and
their degradation products, may be released during the life cycle of a plastic product. The plastic
polymers are not considered as toxic, but in plastic products there may be non-boundresidual
monomers, polymerisation chemicals, degradation products, and additives which havetoxic
properties.This survey is aimed two find out hazards caused by the heavy metals in the two districts
of the Kumaun region viz. Nainital and Pithoragarh. A questionnaire was developed in order to find
out possible impact of the Plastic waste on the health of the aboriginals of these districts. The
questionnaire was developed with the help of many level of discussions and possible affects of the
plastic hazards on the health of the human beings we discussed. Different villages of these districts
were visited by the survey team and interrogated on the basis of the developed questionnaire. People
from the age group of 18 to 60 were asked for type of malfunctioning they feel in their health. All
survey population was approached by personal communication by the survey team. A total 682
people were asked for their health problems. Survey population was asked for mainly water born
diseases like Cholera, Diarrheal, Dysentery, Hepatitis A etc, along with Heavy metal poisoning
symptoms in the body. Along with following table was used to evaluate impact of waste plastic on
the local population.
Plastic Adverse Health Effects
Plastic Adverse Health Effects
Polyvinylchloride (#3PVC)
Can cause cancer, birth defects, genetic changes, chronic bronchitis, ulcers, skin diseases, deafness, vision failure, indigestion, and liver dysfunction
Phthalates (DEHP, DINP, and others)
Endocrine disruption, linked to asthma, developmental and reproductive effects. Medical waste with PVC and phthalates is regularly incinerated causing public health effects from the relese of dioxins and mercury, including cancer, birth defects, hormonal changes, declining sperm counts, infertility, endometriosis, and immune system impairment.
Polycarbonate, with Bisphenol A (#7)
Scientists have linked very low doses of bisphenol A exposure to cancers, impaired immune function, early onset of puberty, obesity, diabetes, and hyperactivity, among other problems (Environment California)
Polystyrene
Can irritate eyes, nose and throat and can cause dizziness and unconsciousness. Migrates into food and stores in body fat. Elevated rates of lymphatic and hematopoietic cancers for workers.
Polyethelyne (#1 PET) Suspected human carcinogen
Polyester Can cause eye and respiratory-tract irritation and acute skin rashes
Urea-formaldehyde
Formaldehyde is a suspected carcinogen and has been shown to cause birth defects and genetic changes. Inhaling formaldehyde can cause cough, swelling of the throat, watery eyes, breathing problems, headaches, rashes, tiredness
Polyurethane Foam
Bronchitis, coughing, skin and eye problems. Can release toluene diisocyanate which can produce severe lung problems
Acrylic Can cause breathing difficulties, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, weakness, headache and fatigue
Tetrafluoro- ethelyne Can irritate eyes, nose and throat and can cause breathing difficulties
Survey area includes villages and small towns, and was chosen on the basis of level of waste plastic contaminants in their neighbouring water bodies. In general most contaminated water bodies were identified and then inhabitants using these water sources were questioned as per the developed questionnaire.
1. District: Pithoragarh Name of the Village: Baralu Pollution Source: Solid waste Pollutant area type: soil Survey population: 20
Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 3 2 1 2 12 20
Diarrhea 1 3 5 9 2 20
Dysentery 2 7 9 2 0 20
Hepatitis- A 6 4 3 1 6 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
2. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Bastey Pollution Source: Plastic Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 60 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 9 5 6 2 3 25
Diarrhea 1 9 5 7 3 25
Dysentery 1 12 8 4 0 25
Hepatitis- A 2 3 9 5 6 25
Lead Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Arsenicosis 25 0 0 0 0 25
Fluorosis 25 0 0 0 0 25
Typhoid Fever 25 0 0 0 0 25
Al Poisonin 25 0 0 0 0 25
Au Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Mn Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Li Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Pb Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Fe Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Au Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Cu Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Co Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
As Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Ba Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
Cr Poisoning 25 0 0 0 0 25
3.District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village: Aincholi
Pollution Source: Plastic
Pollutant area type: soil
Survey population:20
Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 7 3 6 2 2 20
Diarrhea 3 5 8 3 1 20
Dysentery 2 6 4 8 0 20
Hepatitis- A 6 2 3 2 7 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
4.District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village:Wadda
Pollution Source: Plastic
Pollutant area type: Soil
Survey population: 20
Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 6 5 2 4 3 20
Diarrhea 4 2 8 3 3 20
Dysentery 2 4 7 3 4 20
Hepatitis- A 2 8 7 2 1 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
5. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Bhatgaon Pollution Source: solid waste Pollutant area type: soil Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 4 3 2 1 2 12
Diarrhea 1 2 4 2 1 12
Dysentery 2 3 5 1 1 12
Hepatitis- A 0 2 3 5 2 12
Lead Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Arsenicosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fluorosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Typhoid Fever 12 0 0 0 0 12
Al Poisonin 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Mn Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Li Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Pb Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fe Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cu Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Co Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
As Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Ba Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cr Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
6. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Bisad Pollution Source:solid waste Pollutant area type:soil Survey population: 20 Summary:
Disease Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 4 8 3 2 3 20
Diarrhea 6 5 4 2 3 20
Dysentery 1 10 6 3 0 20
Hepatitis- A 2 4 7 3 4 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
7.District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Gurna Pollution Source: Plastic
Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 1 1 4 2 2 10
Diarrhea 5 2 2 1 0 10
Dysentery 0 4 3 3 0 10
Hepatitis- A 6 2 1 0 1 10
Lead Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Arsenicosis 0 10 0 0 0 10
Fluorosis 0 10 0 0 0 10
Typhoid Fever 0 10 0 0 0 10
Al Poisonin 0 10 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Mn Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Li Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Pb Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Fe Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Cu Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Co Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
As Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Ba Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
Cr Poisoning 0 10 0 0 0 10
8. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Nainipatal Pollution Source: Plastic Pollutant area type:soil Survey population: 15 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 4 3 5 1 2 15
Diarrhea 1 6 4 4 0 15
Dysentery 0 8 2 5 0 15
Hepatitis- A 4 3 2 2 4 15
Lead Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Arsenicosis 15 0 0 0 0 15
Fluorosis 15 0 0 0 0 15
Typhoid Fever 15 0 0 0 0 15
Al Poisonin 15 0 0 0 0 15
Au Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Mn Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Li Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Pb Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Fe Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Au Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Cu Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Co Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
As Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Ba Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Cr Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
9. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Naini Saini Pollution Source:solid waste Pollutant area type:water Survey population:20 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 6 4 3 2 5 20
Diarrhea 3 7 6 3 1 20
Dysentery 1 9 5 4 1 20
Hepatitis- A 3 2 5 3 7 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
10. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Panda Pollution Source:Plastic Pollutant area type:water Survey population:30 Summary: Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 9 5 10 4 2 30
Diarrhea 8 12 2 4 4 30
Dysentery 4 8 13 2 3 30
Hepatitis- A 7 9 7 1 6 30
Lead Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arsenicosis 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fluorosis 0 0 0 0 0 0
Typhoid Fever 0 0 0 0 0 0
Al Poisonin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Au Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mn Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Li Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pb Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fe Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Au Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cu Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Co Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
As Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ba Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cr Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
11. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Satgad Pollution Source: Plastic Pollutant area type:water Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 0 4 4 2 0 10
Diarrhea 1 4 2 3 0 10
Dysentery 1 1 2 4 2 10
Hepatitis- A 2 5 1 2 0 10
Lead Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Arsenicosis 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fluorosis 0 0 0 0 0 0
Typhoid Fever 0 0 0 0 0 0
Al Poisonin 0 0 0 0 0 0
Au Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Mn Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Li Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Pb Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Fe Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Au Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cu Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Co Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
As Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Ba Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
Cr Poisoning 0 0 0 0 0 0
12. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Lunthura Pollution Source:Plastic Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 4 2 1 1 2 10
Diarrhea 2 1 3 3 1 10
Dysentery 0 5 2 2 1 10
Hepatitis- A 3 1 3 2 1 10
Lead Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Arsenicosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fluorosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Typhoid Fever 10 0 0 0 0 10
Al Poisonin 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Mn Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Li Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Pb Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fe Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cu Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Co Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
As Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Ba Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cr Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
13. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Puneri Pollution Source:Plastic Pollutant area type:water Survey population:12 Summary: Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 5 2 2 3 0 12
Diarrhea 4 2 4 2 0 12
Dysentery 1 5 1 2 3 12
Hepatitis- A 3 4 2 1 2 12
Lead Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Arsenicosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fluorosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Typhoid Fever 12 0 0 0 0 12
Al Poisonin 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Mn Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Li Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Pb Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fe Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cu Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Co Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
As Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Ba Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cr Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
14. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Khooni Pollution Source:solid waste Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 5 1 3 0 1 10
Diarrhea 3 3 2 1 1 10
Dysentery 2 4 4 0 0 10
Hepatitis- A 6 2 1 1 0 10
Lead Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Arsenicosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fluorosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Typhoid Fever 10 0 0 0 0 10
Al Poisonin 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Mn Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Li Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Pb Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fe Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cu Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Co Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
As Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Ba Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cr Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
15. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Rai Pollution Source:Plastic
Pollutant area type:water Survey population:20 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 9 3 4 1 3 20
Diarrhea 4 7 4 3 2 20
Dysentery 8 3 1 2 6 20
Hepatitis- A 12 3 1 1 3 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
16. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Chhera Pollution Source:solid waste Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 1 2 5 1 1 10
Diarrhea 3 1 1 2 2 10
Dysentery 2 4 3 1 0 10
Hepatitis- A 4 2 1 3 0 10
Lead Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Arsenicosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fluorosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Typhoid Fever 10 0 0 0 0 10
Al Poisonin 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Mn Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Li Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Pb Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fe Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cu Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Co Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
As Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Ba Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cr Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
17. District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village: Chaisar Pollution Source:solid waste
Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:15
Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 6 4 3 2 0 15
Diarrhea 2 6 5 1 1 15
Dysentery 1 5 5 2 2 15
Hepatitis- A 8 2 2 1 2 15
Lead Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Arsenicosis 15 0 0 0 0 15
Fluorosis 15 0 0 0 0 15
Typhoid Fever 15 0 0 0 0 15
Al Poisonin 15 0 0 0 0 15
Au Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Mn Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Li Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Pb Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Fe Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Au Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Cu Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Co Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
As Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Ba Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Cr Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
18. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Dola
Pollution Source: solid waste Pollutant area type: soil Survey population: 10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 4 2 1 1 2 10
Diarrhea 2 2 3 2 1 10
Dysentery 1 3 2 2 2 10
Hepatitis- A 6 1 2 1 0 10
Lead Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Arsenicosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fluorosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Typhoid Fever 10 0 0 0 0 10
Al Poisonin 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Mn Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Li Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Pb Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fe Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cu Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Co Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
As Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Ba Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cr Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
19. District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village: Chandak Pollution Source: Plastic Pollutant area type: soil Survey population: 15 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 8 2 2 3 0 15
Diarrhea 2 3 4 2 4 15
Dysentery 1 4 3 5 2 15
Hepatitis- A 5 3 2 2 3 15
Lead Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Arsenicosis 15 0 0 0 0 15
Fluorosis 15 0 0 0 0 15
Typhoid Fever 15 0 0 0 0 15
Al Poisonin 15 0 0 0 0 15
Au Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Mn Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Li Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Pb Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Fe Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Au Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Cu Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Co Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
As Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Ba Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
Cr Poisoning 15 0 0 0 0 15
20. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Kasni
Pollution Source: Plastic Pollutant area type: water Survey population:10 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 3 2 1 2 2 10
Diarrhea 3 1 5 1 0 10
Dysentery 1 3 2 3 1 10
Hepatitis- A 5 1 1 2 1 10
Lead Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Arsenicosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fluorosis 10 0 0 0 0 10
Typhoid Fever 10 0 0 0 0 10
Al Poisonin 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Mn Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Li Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Pb Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Fe Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Au Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cu Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Co Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
As Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Ba Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
Cr Poisoning 10 0 0 0 0 10
21. District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village: Hureti Pollution Source: Plastic
Pollutant area type: soil Survey population:20 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 6 7 3 4 0 20
Diarrhea 2 8 4 3 3 20
Dysentery 3 5 5 4 3 20
Hepatitis- A 9 4 3 2 2 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
22. District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village: Bamasyon Pollution Source: Plastic
Pollutant area type: water Survey population:16 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 6 7 3 4 0 20
Diarrhea 2 8 4 3 3 20
Dysentery 3 5 5 4 3 20
Hepatitis- A 9 4 3 2 2 20
Lead Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Arsenicosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fluorosis 20 0 0 0 0 20
Typhoid Fever 20 0 0 0 0 20
Al Poisonin 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Mn Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Li Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Pb Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Fe Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Au Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cu Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Co Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
As Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Ba Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
Cr Poisoning 20 0 0 0 0 20
23. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Bajol
Pollution Source: Plastic waste
Pollutant area type:water Survey population:12 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 8 2 0 0 2 12
Diarrhea 3 3 3 2 1 12
Dysentery 3 3 1 1 4 12
Hepatitis- A 7 2 0 3 0 12
Lead Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Arsenicosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fluorosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Typhoid Fever 12 0 0 0 0 12
Al Poisonin 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Mn Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Li Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Pb Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fe Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cu Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Co Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
As Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Ba Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cr Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
24. District: Pithoragarh
Name of the village: Bajeena Pollution Source:solid waste
Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:18 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 12 2 4 0 0 18
Diarrhea 6 5 1 3 3 18
Dysentery 2 9 2 4 1 18
Hepatitis- A 10 3 1 1 3 18
Lead Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Arsenicosis 18 0 0 0 0 18
Fluorosis 18 0 0 0 0 18
Typhoid Fever 18 0 0 0 0 18
Al Poisonin 18 0 0 0 0 18
Au Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Mn Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Li Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Pb Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Fe Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Au Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Cu Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Co Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
As Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Ba Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
Cr Poisoning 18 0 0 0 0 18
25. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Ginai Pollution Source:Plastic waste Pollutant area type:soil Survey population:12 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 8 2 2 0 0 12
Diarrhea 3 6 1 1 1 12
Dysentery 1 1 6 1 3 12
Hepatitis- A 7 3 0 0 2 12
Lead Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Arsenicosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fluorosis 12 0 0 0 0 12
Typhoid Fever 12 0 0 0 0 12
Al Poisonin 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Mn Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Li Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Pb Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Fe Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Au Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cu Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Co Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
As Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Ba Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
Cr Poisoning 12 0 0 0 0 12
26. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Tanthi (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 23 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 14 8 1 0 0 23
Diarrhea 15 7 0 0 1 23
Dysentery 18 3 0 0 2 23
Hepatitis- A 21 2 0 0 0 23
Lead Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Arsenicosis 23 0 0 0 0 23
Fluorosis 23 0 0 0 0 23
Typhoid Fever 23 0 0 0 0 23
Au Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Mn Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Li Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Pb Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Fe Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Au Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Cu Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Co Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
As Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Ba Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Cr Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
27. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Namjala (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 09 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 8 1 0 0 0 09
Diarrhea 7 1 0 0 1 09
Dysentery 5 3 0 0 1 09
Hepatitis- A 08 1 0 0 0 09
Lead Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Arsenicosis 09 0 0 0 0 09
Fluorosis 09 0 0 0 0 09
Typhoid Fever 09 0 0 0 0 09
Al Poisonin 09 09
Au Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Mn Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Li Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Pb Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Fe Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Au Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Cu Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Co Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
As Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Ba Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Cr Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
28. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Diya Walla (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 09 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 8 1 0 0 0 09
Diarrhea 7 1 0 0 1 09
Dysentery 5 3 0 0 1 09
Hepatitis- A 08 1 0 0 0 09
Lead Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Arsenicosis 09 0 0 0 0 09
Fluorosis 09 0 0 0 0 09
Typhoid Fever 09 0 0 0 0 09
Al Poisonin 09 0 0 0 0 09
Au Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Mn Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Li Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Pb Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Fe Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Au Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Cu Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Co Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
As Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Ba Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Cr Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
29. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Jaiti (Munsyari)
Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 09 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 8 1 0 0 0 09
Diarrhea 7 1 0 0 1 09
Dysentery 5 3 0 0 1 09
Hepatitis- A 08 1 0 0 0 09
Lead Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Arsenicosis 09 0 0 0 0 09
Fluorosis 09 0 0 0 0 09
Typhoid Fever 09 0 0 0 0 09
Al Poisonin 09 09
Au Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Mn Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Li Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Pb Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Fe Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Au Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Cu Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Co Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
As Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Ba Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
Cr Poisoning 09 0 0 0 0 09
30. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village:Bunga (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 09 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 22 1 0 0 0 23
Diarrhea 21 1 1 0 1 23
Dysentery 14 4 0 0 1 23
Hepatitis- A 18 1 0 0 4 23
Lead Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Arsenicosis 23 0 0 0 0 23
Fluorosis 23 0 0 0 0 23
Typhoid Fever 23 0 0 0 0 23
Al Poisonin 23 23
Au Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Mn Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Li Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Pb Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Fe Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Au Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Cu Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Co Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
As Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Ba Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
Cr Poisoning 23 0 0 0 0 23
31. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: GhorpattaMalla (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 17 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 16 1 0 0 0 17
Diarrhea 17 1 0 0 1 17
Dysentery 14 4 0 0 1 17
Hepatitis- A 18 1 0 0 0 17
Lead Poisoning 17 1 0 0 0 17
Arsenicosis 17 0 0 0 0 17
Fluorosis 17 0 0 0 0 17
Typhoid Fever 17 0 0 0 0 17
Al Poisonin 17 17
Au Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Mn Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Li Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Pb Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Fe Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Au Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Cu Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Co Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
As Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Ba Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
Cr Poisoning 17 0 0 0 0 17
32. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Dhami Kura (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 06 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 04 1 1 0 0 06
Diarrhea 03 0 0 0 03 06
Dysentery 06 4 0 0 0 06
Hepatitis- A 05 1 0 0 0 06
Lead Poisoning 06 1 0 0 0 06
Arsenicosis 06 0 0 0 0 06
Fluorosis 06 0 0 0 0 06
Typhoid Fever 06 0 0 0 0 06
Al Poisonin 06 06
Au Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Mn Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Li Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Pb Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Fe Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Au Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Cu Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Co Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
As Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Ba Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Cr Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
33. District: Pithoragarh Name of the village: Kawa Dhar (Munsyari) Pollution Source: Plastic Waste Pollutant area type: Water Survey population: 11 Summary: Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 09 1 0 1 11
Diarrhea 08 0 1 0 2 11
Dysentery 11 4 0 0 0 11
Hepatitis- A 10 1 0 0 0 11
Lead Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Arsenicosis 11 0 0 0 0 11
Fluorosis 11 0 0 0 0 11
Typhoid Fever 11 0 0 0 0 11
Al Poisonin 11 11
Au Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Mn Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Li Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Pb Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Fe Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Au Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Cu Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Co Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
As Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Ba Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Cr Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
34. District: Nainital
Name of the town: Bhowali
Pollution Source: Plastic Waste
Pollutant area type: Water Survey population:120 Summary:
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 04 1 1 0 0 06
Diarrhea 03 0 0 0 03 06
Dysentery 06 4 0 0 0 06
Hepatitis- A 05 1 0 0 0 06
Lead Poisoning 06 1 0 0 0 06
Arsenicosis 06 0 0 0 0 06
Fluorosis 06 0 0 0 0 06
Typhoid Fever 06 0 0 0 0 06
Al Poisonin 06 0 0 0 0 06
Au Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Mn Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Li Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Pb Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Fe Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Au Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Cu Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Co Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
As Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Ba Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
Cr Poisoning 06 0 0 0 0 06
35.Name of the Town: Jeolikote Pollution Source: Plastic and solid Waste Pollutant area type: Water and soil Survey population:150
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 112 19 7 2 150
Diarrhea 107 22 2 4 150
Dysentery 131 19 0 0 150
Hepatitis- A 139 11 0 0 150
Lead Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Arsenicosis 150 0 0 0 0 150
Fluorosis 150 0 0 0 0 150
Typhoid Fever 150 0 0 0 0 150
Al Poisonin 150 0 0 0 0 150
Au Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Mn Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Li Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Pb Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Fe Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Au Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Cu Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Co Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
As Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Ba Poisoning 150 0 0 0 0 150
Cr Poisoning 112 19 7 2 150
36.Name of the town: Pines Pollution Source: Plastic and solid Waste Pollutant area type: Water and soil Survey population: 11
Disease
Never Sometimes Often Always Dont
Know
Total
Participants
Cholera 11 0 0 0 0 11
Diarrhea 11 0 0 0 0 11
Dysentery 11 0 0 0 0 11
Hepatitis- A 11 0 0 0 0 11
Lead Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Arsenicosis 11 0 0 0 0 11
Fluorosis 11 0 0 0 0 11
Typhoid Fever 11 0 0 0 0 11
Al Poisonin 11 0 0 0 0 11
Au Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Mn Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Li Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Pb Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Fe Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Au Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Cu Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Co Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
As Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Ba Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Cr Poisoning 11 0 0 0 0 11
Executive summary: The overall aim of this thesis was to study the environmental and
health hazards of chemicals in plastic polymers and products from toxicological
perspective.
1. In all the survey areas population is found to be free from any heavy metal contamination
in the body, there was no acute poisoning case was noticed among the population due to the
presence of heavy metals.
2. In all the population most of the participants were found to be affected by some kind of
water borne diseases.
3. Many of these chemicals may not cause harm individually, if they occur in low
concentrations, but the combination effects from exposure to all these chemicals, even at low
concentrations, during a prolonged period of time, may lead to adverse effects for human, and
needs to be further studied with a superior model.
Major Research Achievements:
Academic excellence:
After the literature review one review paper has been published. In addition to this laboratory
work has been presented in the number of Internationals and National conferences. In addition to this
one process patent has been filed at Indian Patent Office for the approval.
Awareness program at the different places of the project site shows a wonderful balance
between the social activities and scientific excellence
Brief Conclusion - the current yearprogress – during the reportingperiod (point-wise):
Appointment of the project staff and literature Review has been done.
Collection of the waste plastic and its categorization have been done.
Purchase of materials (chemicals & glasswares) has been done.
Purchase instruments have been done.
Establishment of SWAYAMBHU-WRM-2021 is in process, soon it will be installed.
Synthesis of Graphene from waste plastic has been at laboratory scale has been done.
One process patent has been filed successfully.
First phase awareness programs have been done.
Making of short documentary about awareness programs are in progress.
Progress Achieved (%): forty five (45%) Percent
Remaining work to be done:
Establishment of SWAYAMBHU-WRM-2021.
Collection of value added fuel from waste plastic.
Synthesis of additives for concrete mixture.
Optimization of methods for synthesis of carbon nanomaterials, collection of fuel and additives
for concrete mixture.
Submitted to Submitted by
Nodal Officer, NMHS-PMU Project PI (Signature):
National Mission of Himalayan Studies Institute (Seal):
G B Pant National Institute of Himalayan Date:
Environment and Sustainable Development
Kosi- Katarmal, Almora- 263643
Uttarakhand
Email- [email protected]