Half-way technologypubs.iclarm.net/resource_centre/SeaTurtles_2.pdf · 2015. 1. 30. · The Turtle Preservation Ordinance No.5 of 1952 was enacted. {Fauna Conservation Ordinance of

$Page 1: Half-way technologypubs.iclarm.net/resource_centre/SeaTurtles_2.pdf · 2015. 1. 30. · The Turtle Preservation Ordinance No.5 of 1952 was enacted. {Fauna Conservation Ordinance of$
��ANNEX 3 | Presentation materials

• Turn off unnecessary lights• Reposition lights• Shield light sources• Replace lights on poles with

low profile, low-level lamps• Plant trees

Issue # 5 …..

Hatchling disorientationSolutions • Replace fluorescent and

high intensity lighting with low-pressure sodium vapor lighting

• Relocate hatchery to more appropriate site

• Stop hatchery, establish in situ incubation** P. Perhentian - in 2002* Geliga - in 2003

Hatchery• Low incubation success• Incorrect hatchling sex ratio• Incorrectly imprinted hatchlings• Unhealthy hatchlings• Disoriented hatchlings

Summary

Half-way technology

Definition:

A management strategy which treats symptoms rather than causes of an environmental problem

Frazer (1992)Focus on all stages in turtle life cycle

The most efficient way to reverse the decline of a turtle population is through reduction of mortality in the older life stages

Demographic Model

(Crouse et al., 1987 Crowder et al., 1994) The way forward…integrated management

International Case Studies of Sea Turtle Restoration

Peter Dutton and Donna Dutton

Conservation Strategies

1. Beach protection: stop egg take-enhance hatchling production

2. Head Start: enhance juvenile survival

3. Fisheries management: reduce subadult and adult mortality

Several examples of long term recovering trends:

1. Kemp’s ridley-Rancho Nuevo, Mexico

2. Green turtles: FFS-Hawaii, Tortuguero-Costa Rica

3. Leatherbacks: Caribbean (St. Croix), Natal-S.Africa

4. Olive ridleys: Escobilla-Mexico

What are the lessons from these success stories?

Sea Turtle Restoration Projects

1. Kemp’s ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) “Headstart” program (HS)Padre Island, Texas

2. Leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) nesting beach protectionSt. Croix, US Virgin islands

3. Olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) -elimination of harvest of adults and sub-adults

Leatherbacks Nesting in Natal, South Africa

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1963

1968

1973

1978

1983

1988

1993

Year

CASE STUDY:ST. CROIX - POPULATION IN

RECOVERY

Donna L. Dutton, Peter H. Dutton, Rafe Boulon,Milani Chaloupka

�� The WorldFish Center | ChartingMultidisciplinaryResearchandActionPrioritiestowardstheConservation andSustainableManagementofSeaTurtlesinthePacificOcean:AFocusonMalaysia

Number of leatherbacks nesting annually at Sandy Point, St. Croix, USVI 1982-2001

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

YEAR

NO

. FEM

ALE

S

Estimated number of hatchlings emerged at Sandy Point, St.Croix, USVI 1982-2001

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

YEAR

NO

. HA

TCH

LIN

GS

St. Croix leatherbacks

• Population increasing rapidly (~13% annually)• Nesting female survival probabilities high (~90%),

and constant.

Genetic Fingerprinting


Number of leatherbacks nesting annually at Sandy Point, St. Croix, USVI 1982-2001

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

YEAR

NO

. FEM

ALE

S

Estimated number of hatchlings emerged at Sandy Point, St.Croix, USVI 1982-2001

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

YEAR

NO

. HA

TCH

LIN

GS

St. Croix leatherbacks

• Population increasing rapidly (~13% annually)• Nesting female survival probabilities high (~90%),

and constant.

Genetic Fingerprinting

Conclusions

• Beach protection and egg relocation can be effective management tools.

• High adult survivorship is needed.

Headstart Goal:

– Establish a second nesting population of Kemp’s ridleys at Padre Island, Texas

– Project began in 1978 as a joint Mexico-USA experimental project

HS Methods:

– Eggs collected from Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico

– Imprinting: Eggs incubated in boxes with Padre Island sand and hatchlings released in water there

– Hatchlings immediately collected and raised in tanks in Galveston for 1 year

– Turtles tagged and released in Gulf of Mexico or adjacent bays


HS Results:(Shaver and Caillouet, 1998)

Result highlights:

- The 1st positive ID of a HS turtle nest was found in 1996.

- In 1998, 4 turtle nests were found from 3 HS turtles.

Number of Kemp’s ridley nests found on Padre Island; intermittently from 1948 to 1998.

Argument against HS:(Heppell et al., 1996)

• Method: Used deterministic matrix models for yellow mud turtles and Kemp’s ridleys to examine the population level effects of HS.

• Results: 1. 8 yr to maturity

2. 12 yr to maturity


with HS

without HS

Hypothetical population projections for Kemp’s with and without HS produced from a Leslie model for various ages to maturity, and with and without TED introduction in 1990.

• Conclusions (Heppel et al., 1996):

– Management efforts focused exclusively on improving survival in the 1st year of life are unlikely to be effective for long-lived species such as turtles.

– TEDs are necessary to ensure rapid population recovery.

– Due to limited funding for endangered species management, money is more wisely spent on TED development and enforcement than on HS.

– More information is needed on Kemp’s age at maturity and on the mortality and growth rates for both HS turtles and wild individuals to accurately evaluate the HS program.

Olive ridleys in Oaxaca, Mexico

- Declining population in 1970’s-1990

- Ban on harvest of turtles offshore in 1991

- Rapid recovery in late 1990’s

What about Pacific leatherbacks?

- Beach conservation, hatcheries implemented-but populations continue to decline.

- Most likely, adult mortality significant factor preventing recovery.

Need to couple nesting beach protection with at-sea measures to reduce mortality

Hope for the future:Hope for the future:-- beach conservationbeach conservation

-- fishery fishery bycatchbycatch mortality mortality reductionreduction


HS Results:(Shaver and Caillouet, 1998)

Result highlights:

- The 1st positive ID of a HS turtle nest was found in 1996.

- In 1998, 4 turtle nests were found from 3 HS turtles.

Number of Kemp’s ridley nests found on Padre Island; intermittently from 1948 to 1998.

Argument against HS:(Heppell et al., 1996)

• Method: Used deterministic matrix models for yellow mud turtles and Kemp’s ridleys to examine the population level effects of HS.

• Results: 1. 8 yr to maturity



with HS

without HS

Hypothetical population projections for Kemp’s with and without HS produced from a Leslie model for various ages to maturity, and with and without TED introduction in 1990.

• Conclusions (Heppel et al., 1996):

– Management efforts focused exclusively on improving survival in the 1st year of life are unlikely to be effective for long-lived species such as turtles.

– TEDs are necessary to ensure rapid population recovery.

– Due to limited funding for endangered species management, money is more wisely spent on TED development and enforcement than on HS.

– More information is needed on Kemp’s age at maturity and on the mortality and growth rates for both HS turtles and wild individuals to accurately evaluate the HS program.

Olive ridleys in Oaxaca, Mexico

- Declining population in 1970’s-1990

- Ban on harvest of turtles offshore in 1991

- Rapid recovery in late 1990’s

What about Pacific leatherbacks?

- Beach conservation, hatcheries implemented-but populations continue to decline.

- Most likely, adult mortality significant factor preventing recovery.

Need to couple nesting beach protection with at-sea measures to reduce mortality

Hope for the future:Hope for the future:-- beach conservationbeach conservation

-- fishery fishery bycatchbycatch mortality mortality reductionreduction

1

Sea Turtle Conservation in the Turtle Islands Park, Sabah

byPaul BasintalAssistant Director, Sabah Parks

National Sea Turtle Workshop (Malaysia)16 – 17 August 2004Awana Kijal, Terengganu

2

Scope of presentation

Introduction Significance of TIPEarly turtle Conservation effort in SabahTurtle Conservation by Sabah ParksResearch activitiesLessons learnt

3

Map showing the location of Turtle Islands Park

(1,740 ha.)

4

Significance of Turtle Islands Park (TIP)

The TIP, together with six other islands designated by the Philippines, and BerauIsland of Indonesia form one of the nine remaining major nesting habitats of the green turtles in the world. The TIP “provide nesting habitat to the largest remaining hawksbill turtle population in the entire Southeast Asian region” (Chan & Liew, 1996; Limpus, 1994).

5

Early Turtle Conservation Efforts

Attempts to conserve turtles, especially the hawksbill, started during the colonial period. Gazette notification Nos.227 and 228 of 1928 prohibited the capture of turtles for 12 months. A closed season every alternate year for six years beginning 1929 was enforced but with little success. In addition, the 1931 and 1933 closed season was not enforced because trade in sea turtle products shifted from Kudat to the Philippines.

6

Early Turtle Conservation Efforts (cont.)

The Turtle Preservation Ordinance No.5 of 1952 was enacted. Fauna Conservation Ordinance of 1963 came into force in 1964.

- all matters relating to turtles were placed under the jurisdiction of the Conservator of Forests.

- a conservation policy was formulated which banned the issuance of license to kill turtles and strictly enforced the close season in March for eggcollections.

�0 The WorldFish Center | ChartingMultidisciplinaryResearchandActionPrioritiestowardstheConservation andSustainableManagementofSeaTurtlesinthePacificOcean:AFocusonMalaysia

7


Establishment of an experimental turtle hatchery at Pulau Selingaan in August 1, 1966.Establishment of additional hatcheries at Pulau Gulisaan and Pulau BakkungaanKechil in March 5 and 6, 1968 respectively. Selingaan, Bakkungaan Kechil and Gulisaanestablished as a Game and Bird Sanctuary in 1972.Declared as a national park in 1977.

8

Sea Turtle Conservation Programmeunder Sabah Parks

continued the hatchery operations and initiated other research activities. improved the hatchery operations, that is replacing the wire mesh enclosure placed around the surface of the egg clutches with plastic nylon mesh.

9

Sea Turtle Conservation Programmeunder Sabah Parks (cont.)

Research activities: turtle tagging & tag recoverydata collection on:- egg production and - Transplant- re-nesting - carapace length and width of nesting turtles- mortality of adult turtle- rainfall, and- incubation temperature.

10

Other research undertaken within TIP

DNA study in 1995 (part of the global study on marine turtle populations genetics using mtDNA analysis (Dr. Colin Limpus, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Australia)

A Study on the Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) of PulauGulisaan, Turtle Islands Park, Sabah, Malaysia from April to July 1996 by Chan et al.

11

Other research undertaken within TIP (cont.)

A study on the sex ratio of hatchlings from nest incubated in exposed hatchery in Gulisaan island, Turtle Islands Park was carried out in the dry period of 1997 by Tiwol & Cabanban.

Satellite telemetry project in 1999 by Dr. Jack Frazier of Smithsonian Institution, USA (sponsored by USAID)

12

Other research undertaken by others within TIP (cont.)

Satellite telemetry project to track post-nesting migrations of hawksbill turtles from Oct. 2000 to Jan 2001 (sponsored by Dr. George Balazs of National Marine Fisheries Service, Hawaii, USA)

A study on nearshore turtle hatchling distribution and predation in the Turtle Islands Park by Pilcher et.al in 2000.


7


Establishment of an experimental turtle hatchery at Pulau Selingaan in August 1, 1966.Establishment of additional hatcheries at Pulau Gulisaan and Pulau BakkungaanKechil in March 5 and 6, 1968 respectively. Selingaan, Bakkungaan Kechil and Gulisaanestablished as a Game and Bird Sanctuary in 1972.Declared as a national park in 1977.

8

Sea Turtle Conservation Programmeunder Sabah Parks

continued the hatchery operations and initiated other research activities. improved the hatchery operations, that is replacing the wire mesh enclosure placed around the surface of the egg clutches with plastic nylon mesh.

9

Sea Turtle Conservation Programmeunder Sabah Parks (cont.)

Research activities: turtle tagging & tag recoverydata collection on:- egg production and - Transplant- re-nesting - carapace length and width of nesting turtles- mortality of adult turtle- rainfall, and- incubation temperature.

10

Other research undertaken within TIP

DNA study in 1995 (part of the global study on marine turtle populations genetics using mtDNA analysis (Dr. Colin Limpus, Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage, Australia)

A Study on the Hawksbill Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) of PulauGulisaan, Turtle Islands Park, Sabah, Malaysia from April to July 1996 by Chan et al.

11

Other research undertaken within TIP (cont.)

A study on the sex ratio of hatchlings from nest incubated in exposed hatchery in Gulisaan island, Turtle Islands Park was carried out in the dry period of 1997 by Tiwol & Cabanban.

Satellite telemetry project in 1999 by Dr. Jack Frazier of Smithsonian Institution, USA (sponsored by USAID)

12

Other research undertaken by others within TIP (cont.)

Satellite telemetry project to track post-nesting migrations of hawksbill turtles from Oct. 2000 to Jan 2001 (sponsored by Dr. George Balazs of National Marine Fisheries Service, Hawaii, USA)

A study on nearshore turtle hatchling distribution and predation in the Turtle Islands Park by Pilcher et.al in 2000.

13

Research & Monitoring under the TIHPA programme (high priority for Sabah)

X3.3. Telemetry (post-nesting)

3.2. Nesting incidence monitoring

3.1. saturation tagging

3. Turtle population, status and migration

2. Standardized research and monitoring methods

X1. Regional traffic on turtle eggs

StatusResearch activity

X = not carried out14

Research & Monitoring under the TIHPA programme (high priority for Sabah)

X4.1.2. Sedimentation

X4.1.1. Coastal processes

4.1. Physical geomorphology

4. Ecological research and monitoring

X3.4. Fisheries-related studies

StatusResearch activity

X = not carried out

15

Result of research on Tagging Program

Source:www.oneocean.org/ambassadors 16

Nesting trend of green turtle from 1979 to 2003

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

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Green

17

Nesting trend of hawksbill turtle from 1979 to 2003

0100200300400500600700800

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

Hawksbill

18

Beach erosion at The Turtle Islands Park


19

Lessons Learnt

Necessary for Selingaan, BakkungaanKechil and Gulisaan to be established as a Protected Area

- bold conservation measures undertaken by the Sabah Government

- Islands were compulsorily acquired from private ownership

20

Lessons Learnt (cont.)

- islands established Game and Bird Sanctuary (in 1972) and later as a National Park (in 1977)

- commercial egg collection ceased

- all eggs collected were incubated in hatcheries

21


Turtle Tagging: - a shared turtle resources - a working cooperation with the

neighbouring countries on conservation of turtles is required

- establishment of the Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area (TIHPA) in 1996

22

SandakanSandakan

BaguanBaguan

TaganakTaganak

BoaanBoaan

BakungaanBakungaan BesarBesar

LihimanLihimanLangaanLangaanSelingaanSelingaan

BakungaanBakungaan K.K.

GulisaanGulisaan

Turtle Islands

23

Monitoring of Incubation temperature

Partial shading of the hatchery

24

Conclusions

Recovery of nesting density is believed to be attributed to the bold conservation measures undertaken by the Sabah Government in the 1970s.Outcome of research on turtle tagging contributed significantly to the development of a policy in establishing a transboundary protected areas.


19

Lessons Learnt

Necessary for Selingaan, BakkungaanKechil and Gulisaan to be established as a Protected Area

- bold conservation measures undertaken by the Sabah Government

- Islands were compulsorily acquired from private ownership

20


- islands established Game and Bird Sanctuary (in 1972) and later as a National Park (in 1977)

- commercial egg collection ceased

- all eggs collected were incubated in hatcheries

21


Turtle Tagging: - a shared turtle resources - a working cooperation with the

neighbouring countries on conservation of turtles is required

- establishment of the Turtle Islands Heritage Protected Area (TIHPA) in 1996

22

SandakanSandakan

BaguanBaguan

TaganakTaganak

BoaanBoaan

BakungaanBakungaan BesarBesar

LihimanLihimanLangaanLangaanSelingaanSelingaan

BakungaanBakungaan K.K.

GulisaanGulisaan

Turtle Islands

23

Monitoring of Incubation temperature

Partial shading of the hatchery

24

Conclusions

Recovery of nesting density is believed to be attributed to the bold conservation measures undertaken by the Sabah Government in the 1970s.Outcome of research on turtle tagging contributed significantly to the development of a policy in establishing a transboundary protected areas.

SOSIOECONOMIC LINKAGES AND IMPACT FISHERIES ON SEA

TURTLE POPULATIONS

SUKANO BIN WAGIMAN – DoFDIONYSIUS SHARMA – WWF Malaysia

LIEW HOCH CHARK – KUSTEM Federation of 14 statesPopulation 21.8 millions (2000)Coastline 4809 km (29 % erosion)Landmass 328,550 km2

Waters 549,000 km2

Introduction

Leatherback Green turtle

Hawksbill Olive ridley

Legislation & regulationsStates Legislations

Federal

Fisheries Act 1985 Wild life Protection Act 1990 Customs (Prohibition of Exports) Order 1988 Customs (Prohibition of Imports) Order 1988

Johore Fisheries (Turtles and Turtles Eggs) Rules 1984

Kedah Turtle Enactment 1992 Turtles Rules 1975

Kelantan Turtles and Turtle’s Eggs of 1932 (Amended 1935, Enactment No. 8); Fisheries (Turtles and Turtles Eggs) Rules 1978

Melaka Fisheries (Turtles and Turtles Eggs) Rules 1989

N. Sembilan Fisheries (Turtles and Turtles Eggs) Rules 1976

Pahang Fisheries (Turtles and Turtles Eggs) Rules 1996

Penang Fisheries (Turtles and Turtles Eggs) Rules 1999

Perak River Rights Enactment 1915

Sabah

Fauna Conservation Ordinance 1963 (Act. No. 11), Fauna Conservation (Turtle Farms) Regulations 1964, Customs (Prohibition of Imports) and (Prohibition of Exports) (Amendment) Order 1971.

Sarawak

Turtle Trust Ordinance (1957), Turtle Rules (1962), Wildlife Protection Ordinance of 1958 (Amended 1973). Customs (Prohibition of Exports/Import) Orders of 1988

Terengganu Turtle Enactment 1951 (Amendment) 1987 Turtle Enactment 1951 (Amendment) 1987

Fisheries In Malaysia

• The fisheries sector plays an important role in providing fish as source of food and protein

• Fisheries contributed about 1.5 % to national GDP (National GDP 2003 –RM 353.5 billion).

• provided direct employment to 82,000 fishermen

- 38,628 fishermen on trawlers and purse seiners

- 44,002 working on traditional fishing

• Marine inshore fisheries produce 1.08 m/t/year.

• Licensed fishing vessels stood at 30,751 units (1 gear/vessel).


Socioeconomic linkages andimpact of fisheries

• majority of the fishing vessels operate in the coastal areas.

• A comprehensive review of the impacts of coastal, offshore and riverine development on marine turtles and terrapins in Malaysia (Sharma et al., 1996).

• Describes numerous anthropogenic activities encroaches and impacts to sea turtles and their habitats.

Incidental capture & mortalities

• Incidence of mortality of sea turtles as a result of incidental capture in certain type of fishing gear is well documented (Chan et al., 1988, Noordin et al., 1995).

• There are still a small number of turtles found ashore each year.

• Recently, carcasses of leatherback and olive ridley were found.

• The Fisheries Regulations (Prohibition of Method of Fishing Amendment 1990) attempt to reduce turtle deaths by prohibiting driftnet with a mesh size of more than 10 in (25.4 cm).

Illegal fishing in marine protected areas

• Federal and State Governments had gazetted several islands as marine protected area to protected the marine resources including sea turtles.

• Illegal fishing activities still occur in these protected areas.

• Driftnets and traps are commonly used.

Illegal fishing by foreign fishermen• International trade in products, such as

tortoise shell from hawksbill turtles, green turtle calipee and leather from olive ridley has exacerbated the direct take of sea turtles.

• Over the past decades, Japan has emerged as the principal country buying shell from various exporting countries to produce costly crafts.

• Demand for turtle product contributes toward illegal fishing.

• In early 2004, two illegal foreign fishing vessels were confiscated with >200 stuffed turtles (green and hawksbill).

Illegal fishing by foreign fishermen Illumination of fishing vessels

• Lighted fishing vessels (purse seiners and squid jigs) at sea may have negative impacts on nesting female turtles heading for a nesting beach.

• These vessels operate comparatively near to the major nesting beaches.

• Hatchlings attracted to these lights may congregate around the fishing vessel, especially purse seiners, and be subjected to predation by fish and captured in the net.


Socioeconomic linkages andimpact of fisheries

• majority of the fishing vessels operate in the coastal areas.

• A comprehensive review of the impacts of coastal, offshore and riverine development on marine turtles and terrapins in Malaysia (Sharma et al., 1996).

• Describes numerous anthropogenic activities encroaches and impacts to sea turtles and their habitats.

Incidental capture & mortalities

• Incidence of mortality of sea turtles as a result of incidental capture in certain type of fishing gear is well documented (Chan et al., 1988, Noordin et al., 1995).

• There are still a small number of turtles found ashore each year.

• Recently, carcasses of leatherback and olive ridley were found.

• The Fisheries Regulations (Prohibition of Method of Fishing Amendment 1990) attempt to reduce turtle deaths by prohibiting driftnet with a mesh size of more than 10 in (25.4 cm).

Illegal fishing in marine protected areas

• Federal and State Governments had gazetted several islands as marine protected area to protected the marine resources including sea turtles.

• Illegal fishing activities still occur in these protected areas.

• Driftnets and traps are commonly used.

Illegal fishing by foreign fishermen• International trade in products, such as

tortoise shell from hawksbill turtles, green turtle calipee and leather from olive ridley has exacerbated the direct take of sea turtles.

• Over the past decades, Japan has emerged as the principal country buying shell from various exporting countries to produce costly crafts.

• Demand for turtle product contributes toward illegal fishing.

• In early 2004, two illegal foreign fishing vessels were confiscated with >200 stuffed turtles (green and hawksbill).

Illegal fishing by foreign fishermen Illumination of fishing vessels

• Lighted fishing vessels (purse seiners and squid jigs) at sea may have negative impacts on nesting female turtles heading for a nesting beach.

• These vessels operate comparatively near to the major nesting beaches.

• Hatchlings attracted to these lights may congregate around the fishing vessel, especially purse seiners, and be subjected to predation by fish and captured in the net.

Illegal and Unlicensed Harvest of Eggs

• Even in States where egg collection is required, illegal, unlicensed collection still occurs especially in isolated islands and rockeries.

• Most of eggs collected are consumed locally or sold secretly in the market

• Selling turtle egg is banned in Sabah but this can be bought secretly in the market.

Land Based Pollution

• Trash, particularly plastic bags, thrown overboard from fishing vessels or any boat, or dumped from beaches swept out to sea become deadly meals.

• Marine turtles can mistake floating plastic materials for jellyfish and they can choke to death when trying to eat them.

• Discarded fishing gears can entangle and drown marine turtles or can render them unable to feed or swim.

Coastal armoring

• Coastal armoring includes structures, such as such sea walls, rock and concrete revetment, sandbags and other man-made structure.

• These structures are installed in an attempt to protect beachfront property from erosion.

• These structures often prevent female turtles from reaching suitable nesting habitat.

• Armoring are especially problematic along the coast of Terengganu, Kuantan Port, Melaka and Pulau Tioman.

Reclamation of Land and Sea

• Reclamation works of land and sea can potentially destroy sea turtles’ nesting beaches and feeding ground.

• By filling up sandy beaches with rocks and laterite earth and building retaining wall at the waterfront, turtles will not be able to nest.

• Sedimentation will occur and sediment will flow unabated to seagrass beds and fringing reefs causing smothering.

• This will reduce feeding ground and kill food for the green turtles.

Coastal Tourism• An increase in the number of tourists

indicates the significance of tourism in generating foreign revenues.

• The industry requires infrastructure, usually situated on the coast, to maximize returns from enjoyment of white sand beaches.

• The intensity of resort facilities development at several rockeries of Terengganu has had impact on population of turtles.

• Chan and Liew (1989) believed that flock of thousands of tourists to RantauAbang was responsible for the decline in leatherbacks.

• Developments have also created light pollution (illumination of the nesting site beaches from resorts, campfire, motorized vehicles) and noise pollution (from increased recreational activities along the beach especially at night).

Conclusion• The conservation of marine turtles presents some daunting challenges

including multiple threats and conflicting interests• A wide range of conservation and management actions are required to

reverse the decline in marine turtles• The fishing impacts on turtles should be reduced through restrictions and

regulations• A national policy must be formulated and address marine turtle conservation

issues and an implementation of agreement must be ensured.


people science environment partners

Mahfuzuddin AhmedPrincipal Scientist and Program Leader

WorldFish CenterPenang, Malaysia

16-17 August 2004

Charting Multidisciplinary Research and Action Priorities towards the

Conservation and Sustainable Management of Sea Turtles in the Pacific

Ocean: A Focus on Malaysia


What can be Done to Restore Pacific Turtle Populations?

The Bellagio Blueprint for Action on Pacific Sea Turtles


Background• From 17-22 November 2003, a group of 25 experts

met in Bellagio, Italy, to draft a Blueprint for Action on Pacific Sea Turtles.

• Participants from multi-disciplinary backgrounds and10 countries

• Conservation International• Distant Water Fisheries Resource Division, Korea• Ecosystem Conservation Office, Fisheries Agency, Japan

• IOSEA Marine Turtle MoU Secretariat• Inter-American Tropical Tuna Convention• Marine Turtle Information Center, Mexico• National Marine Fisheries Service, US• National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan

• Office of Marine Conservation, US • Pacific Ocean Producers• Secretariat of the Pacific Community• UN – Food and Agriculture Organization • Various universities (US, Taiwan, Australia)• Western Pacific Fisheries Management Council• Wildlife conservation Society, Costa Rica• World Wide Fund for Nature Indonesia (Papua)• WorldFish Center


Rationale for Bellagio Conference

• Sea turtles (especially Pacific leatherbacks) are amongst the most threatened and endangered species

• Catastrophic population decline in the last decades due to escalating nature of human threats to the turtles

• Need for new models of transnational and community partnerships, and multisectoralapproach to restore and manage the sea turtle population


Conference objectives

1. Provide a forum for neutral, independent and scholarly exploration

2. Provide the scientific and policy basis for a possible pan-Pacific model framework treaty or other international regime

3. Explore a set of pan-Pacific comprehensive and multidisciplinary policy options and instruments

4. Develop a multidisciplinary and multilateral research agenda for the future


Bellagio Blueprint for Action

Action 1: Protect all nesting beaches, starting with those of the Pacific leatherbacks.

Action 2: Reduce turtle take in at-sea and coastal fisheries.

Action 3: Establish pan-Pacific policy actions.

Action 4: Encourage sustainability in traditional use.



Action 1: Protect all nesting beaches, starting with those of the Pacific leatherbacks

The 10 principal leatherback nesting beaches remaining in the Pacific

1. Terrenganu, Malaysia2. War Mon, Papua-Indonesia3. Jamursba-Medi, Papua-Indonesia4. Papua New Guinea5. Solomon Islands6. Baja California, Mexico7. Michoacan, Mexico8. Guerrero, Mexico9. Oaxaca, Mexico

10. Las Baulas, Costa Rica

Figure 1. Key leatherback nesting beaches remaining in the Pacific


• Protecting nesting beaches has been proven to work in restoring sea turtle populations.

• All nesting beaches must be protected, starting with those for leatherbacks and loggerheads.

• Engage local communities, biologists, volunteers, law enforcement officers and others in conservation and fund raising.

Action 1: Protect all nesting beaches, starting with those of the Pacific leatherbacks


Action 2: Reduce Turtle Take in at sea and coastal Fisheries

• Fishing mortality can be reduced by new technologies, as demonstrated by the use of turtle excluder devices (TEDS) on trawl nets and circle hooks and bait on long lines.

• Better understanding of links between turtles and fisheries.

• Promote a broad set of sea turtle conservation initiatives to mitigate all sources of fisheries-related turtle mortality.


Action 3: Establish Pan-Pacific Policy Actions

• Strengthen existing regional and international agreements to better reflect the urgent need for sea turtle conservation.

• Develop and enhance new coordination arrangements among the regional instruments.

• Develop new Pacific Island areas conservation and management plans along the lines of the IOSEA MoU.


Action 4: Encourage sustainability in traditional use

• Develop a better understanding of traditional uses to build capacity for sustainable use.

• Reduce turtle mortality from traditional harvests, i.e., indiscriminate harvest of eggs and nesting females.

• Community-based management and co-management arrangements within a legal and institutional framework.


Next Steps

1. Dissemination (presentation at conferences & meetings, press releases, websites, networking)

2. Book (collation of multidisciplinary conference papers)

3. Policy brief

4. Develop and promote multidisciplinary and multilateral research agenda


Douglas HykleCoordinator/Senior AdvisorIOSEA Marine Turtle MoU Secretariat

Indian Ocean Indian Ocean –– SouthSouth--East AsianEast AsianMarine Turtle Memorandum of UnderstandingMarine Turtle Memorandum of Understanding

What is it ?

• Detailed framework for collaboration/cooperation

Effective September 2001; operational January 2003

• Agreement among Governments; with NGO partners

• Developed under Convention on Migratory Species

Applies to 6 marine turtle species and their habitats Geographic scope: > 40 States of the Area (+ others)

Signatory States: 20 25 IOSEA divided into four subregions

Northern Indian Ocean

South-East Asia + Australia

Western Indian Ocean

Northwestern Indian Ocean


Douglas HykleCoordinator/Senior AdvisorIOSEA Marine Turtle MoU Secretariat

Indian Ocean Indian Ocean –– SouthSouth--East AsianEast AsianMarine Turtle Memorandum of UnderstandingMarine Turtle Memorandum of Understanding

What is it ?

• Detailed framework for collaboration/cooperation

Effective September 2001; operational January 2003

• Agreement among Governments; with NGO partners

• Developed under Convention on Migratory Species

Applies to 6 marine turtle species and their habitats Geographic scope: > 40 States of the Area (+ others)

Signatory States: 20 25 IOSEA divided into four subregions

Northern Indian Ocean

South-East Asia + Australia

Western Indian Ocean

Northwestern Indian Ocean

IOSEA MoU Secretariat – Bangkok, ThailandMajor core sponsors

• Australia

• United States

• United Kingdom

• France

• Convention on Migratory Species (CMS)

• United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Conservation and Management Plan (CMP)

Protecthabitat

Inter-national

cooperation

Promoteimplement-

ation

Educationawareness

participation

Reducemortality

Research /Monitoring

Six main objectives

w w w. i o s e a t u r t l e s . o r g

Projects supported by CMS/IOSEA

• Tracing migration/integrated conservation in India

• Advancing sea turtle conservation in Kenya

• Coordination of IOSEA implementation in South Asia (SACEP)


Marine Turtle Interactive Mapping System (IMAPS)• System fully operational; unique datasets

• 30 years of data incorporated: Indian Ocean/Australasia

• Facility for incorporating new data/retention of ownership

• Expandable to Western Pacific, Atlantic Coast of Africa, Mediterranean (2/3 globe)

National reporting: online electronic template

Year 1 Achievements / Year 2 Targets

More sophisticated gap analysis/problem identification; ID best practices

Implementation review

Identify other appropriate bodiesSubregional coordination (SACEP)Extend to cover project implementationAdequate core funding (voluntary)

Add links/contact directlyLinks/Useful contacts (250+)Add datasets, migration dataInteractive mapping system (IMAPS)

25 Signatory States16 (20) Signatory States

Plus…

80-90% reporting coverage

Populate library/add indexing> 50 entered

Additional staff/Advisory Com. more active

Electronic national reporting

Electronic libraryProjects database

Secretariat/Advisory Com. set up

Focus of Instruments

• Species-specific (e.g., Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species - trade)

• Conservation of nature/biodiversity (e.g., Convention on Biological Diversity, regional conventions)

• Thematic issues – pollution, fishing conduct

• Peripheral – United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Agenda 21, World Summit on Sustainable Development

Species and habitat (e.g. CMS, IAC)

Overview of multilateral sea turtle instruments RFBs: IATTC – ICCAT – IOTC - WCPFC


Marine bycatch IOSEA Objective 1.4: Reduction of incidental capture in fisheries

• Coordination of efforts with industry/fishery management organizations

• Development and use of gear to minimize incidental capture (progress in IATTC)

• Spatial and season closures, as necessary

• Vessel monitoring systems, inspections, onboard observer schemes

Information/awareness

Booklet: “Catch FISH Not Turtles using Longlines”

Possible solutions: hook size/type, bait type, setting gear deep, avoiding problem areas; handling caught turtle

No “silver bullet”

Alternative: closures, loss of livelihood

FAO (intergovernmental) Technical Consultation:Bangkok: 30 November - 3 December 2004

Second Meeting of Signatory States Bangkok: March 2004

Extension of geographic scope

Site network

Hatchery guidelines

Tag standardization

Year of the Turtle? etc.

w w w. i o s e a t u r t l e s . o r g


The Proposed Tri-national Sea Turtle Conservation Program for the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion(SSME)

Significance of SSME for Sea Turtles

• Has 5 of the world’s 7 species of sea turtles.

• Regarded as one of the remaining major nesting population of green turtles in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region.

• One of the most significant nesting sites (Gulisaan Island) for hawksbill turtles in the Region.

• Two major nesting sites for Southeast Asia are in the SSME – Turtle Islands and Derawan Group of Islands.

• Important habitat for sea turtles located in the SSME (Sipadan included).

Migratory routes

Source: www.oneocean.org/ambassadors

• Developed under the World Wide Fund for Nature SSME Conservation Program.

• 62 stakeholders concerned with sea turtle conservation and management formulated the proposed program.

• Formulated through traditional decisionmakingprocess in Asia.

Proposed Tri-national Sea Turtle Conservation Program:

Formulation

• Presents issues and concerns by country and integrated to show transborder nature by, e.g. research and monitoring, enforcement and policies, human/natural threats.

• States general and seven specific objectives (e.g. information networking/databasing, research) of the proposed program meant to address the issues.

• Embodies 66 actions in 6 categories e.g. research, education/awareness-raising, capacity building; 8 of 66 actions are under the research category.


Features

1. Transboundary marine turtle tagging program in the SSME area.

2. Identification and monitoring of marine turtle habitats in the SSME area.

3. Stock differentiation and migration of marine turtle populationsin the SSME area (satellite telemetry, DNA studies, tagging).

4. Impacts of climate change on the marine turtle population in theSSME area (global warming, El Nino, habitat destruction).

5. Hatchery management: maximize hatchling production, correct sex ratio correctly imprinted.

6. Diseases & health: Monitoring of fibropapilloma, injuries and abnormalities.


Research actions


The Proposed Tri-national Sea Turtle Conservation Program for the Sulu-Sulawesi Marine Ecoregion(SSME)

Significance of SSME for Sea Turtles

• Has 5 of the world’s 7 species of sea turtles.

• Regarded as one of the remaining major nesting population of green turtles in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations region.

• One of the most significant nesting sites (Gulisaan Island) for hawksbill turtles in the Region.

• Two major nesting sites for Southeast Asia are in the SSME – Turtle Islands and Derawan Group of Islands.

• Important habitat for sea turtles located in the SSME (Sipadan included).

Migratory routes

Source: www.oneocean.org/ambassadors

• Developed under the World Wide Fund for Nature SSME Conservation Program.

• 62 stakeholders concerned with sea turtle conservation and management formulated the proposed program.

• Formulated through traditional decisionmakingprocess in Asia.


Formulation

• Presents issues and concerns by country and integrated to show transborder nature by, e.g. research and monitoring, enforcement and policies, human/natural threats.

• States general and seven specific objectives (e.g. information networking/databasing, research) of the proposed program meant to address the issues.

• Embodies 66 actions in 6 categories e.g. research, education/awareness-raising, capacity building; 8 of 66 actions are under the research category.


Features

1. Transboundary marine turtle tagging program in the SSME area.

2. Identification and monitoring of marine turtle habitats in the SSME area.

3. Stock differentiation and migration of marine turtle populationsin the SSME area (satellite telemetry, DNA studies, tagging).

4. Impacts of climate change on the marine turtle population in theSSME area (global warming, El Nino, habitat destruction).

5. Hatchery management: maximize hatchling production, correct sex ratio correctly imprinted.

6. Diseases & health: Monitoring of fibropapilloma, injuries and abnormalities.


Research actions

7. Studies on the ecology of female nesting population:• Population studies (population structure, age and growth,

mortality, etc.)• Reproduction (clutch counts, correct sex ratio, hatching

success, etc.)• Behavior studies• Food and feeding habits• Internesting migration

8. Studies on the impacts of fisheries on the marine turtle population in the SSME area:

• Harvesting of eggs and other marine turtle products• Impacts of nonturtle friendly fishing practices and methods• Bycatch issues


Research actions

Progress achieved so far on the SSME Tri-national Initiative

1. Presented and adopted at the IOSEA-MoU in 20032. Presented at the Stakeholders Workshops held in I,M,P

when developing the ECP.3. Presented at the Sixth JMC meeting to support the need

for the creation of a tri-national body.4. Declaration of Sangalaki Island and Kakaban Island as

marine protected area (MPA). There is a proposal to declare the entire Derawan Islands group as MPA.

Recommendations

1. For the workshop body to consider implementing the research actions identified by the participants to that workshop.

2. For the National Task Force for Sea Turtles (if this is the appropriate body for it) to discuss Malaysia’s role in conserving the green sea and hawksbill turtle population in the SSME and the possibility of throwing its support for a tri-national agreement to effectively implement the proposed Tri-national Sea Turtle Program for the SSME.


Annex 4.

Roundtable Report on the Conservation of Turtles in Malaysia.3

mAritime institute of mAlAysiAB-06-08 Megan Avenue II

12 Yap Kwan Seng, 50450 Kuala LumpurMalaysia

background

Recently,concernshavebeenraisedbythepublicoverthedeclineofturtlepopulationscoming to nest on the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. In early 2003 the STARnewspaper (an English-language daily national paper in Malaysia) reported that there hasbeenno leatherback turtlenesting inRantauAbang.Leatherback turtlesnest atprimarily six locations in theworldandRantauAbang inTerengganu isoneof them.Theissuesrelatedtothisproblemneedtobeidentifiedandaddressed,andremedialmeasurestakenifwewanttoconservethisdinosauragecreature.

Malaysiahasfouroftheworld’sseventurtlespeciesnestingatitscoast–leatherbackturtle,hawksbillturtle,greenturtleandoliveridleyturtle.Theearliestconservationmeasuretocontrolandprotectmarineturtlewasfirstintroducedinthecountryin1932.Sincethen,thismeasure has developed into legislative instrument and guidelines established atbothfederalandstatelevels.Despitethis,thenestingpopulationhasdecreasedoverthe years by as much as 60- 90% with the leatherback showing the biggest decline.

TheConstitutionandtheFisheriesAct1985allowthestategovernmentstopromulgatetheirrulesandregulationstoconserveandmanagetheturtles.TheFisheriesAct1985coverstheentiremanagementandconservationofturtlesforthePeninsularMalaysia.The State Government of Terengganu, however, maintains control over policy andlicensingmattersandleavestheimplementationtotheStateDepartmentofFisheries(DOF). Turtle management in East Malaysia is different from the one in PeninsularMalaysia. InSabah, theSabahParkandtheStateWildlifeDepartmentare inchargeofmarineturtles,whileinSarawak,theForestryDepartmentandtheMuseumAuthorityareincharge.

The first task of this roundtable was to identify factors which have affected turtlelandingsinMalaysiathroughanexchangeofinformation.Second,itaimedtoprovideforasharingofexperienceonturtleconservationeffortstowardthedevelopmentofaconservationprogram.RepresentativesfromtheDOF,theTurtleandMarineEcosystemCenter (TUMEC), the Sea Turtle Research Unit (SEATRU) of Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia and the WWF-Malaysia were invited to present their views. Theroundtablewasattendedby19participantsfromvariousgovernmentdepartments,nongovernment organizations, such as WWF-Malaysia and the Malaysian Nature Society, anduniversities.

� TheRoundtableontheConservationofTurtlesinMalaysiawasheldon��May�00�inMIMA,KualaLumpur,Malaysia.

��ANNEX 4 | Roundtable report on the conservation of turtles in Malaysia

1. issues and causes of the decline of turtle landings in malaysia

Peculiarphysiologyandbiologyof turtles, like longmaturationperiod,distantnestingmigrationandtheneedforavarietyofhabitatsthroughouttheirlifecycle,makescientificresearchandmanagementprograms forconservationcomplicated.The threat to thesurvivaloftheturtlesisaggravatedbyanthropogenicinterferences,suchascommercialexploitation,marinehabitatdestruction,alteredbeachfront,unfriendlyturtlefishinggearsandpollution.TheseissuesandthecausesofthedeclineofturtlelandingsinMalaysiawereidentifiedduringtheroundtable.

1.1. environmental degradation

The coastal areas in Malaysia have been exposed to various developments due topopulationgrowthandothereconomicpressures.TurtlenestingareasarenotexemptedfromdevelopmentpressureinsomeplacesinMalaysia.Forexample,theDOFrevealedthat Pulau Upeh, a prime nesting site for hawksbill turtles in Melaka, has been earmarked fordevelopment.Coastaldevelopmentsuchasthismaycauselossofnestingbeachesand foraging grounds. Another cause is “light pollution”. To date, no measure has been taken to reduce the amount of lights on beaches. Other types of pollution inthecoastalarea,suchasoil,chemical,debrisandsiltation,significantlycontribute tothe degradation of turtle populations. Nonbiodegradable garbage thrown in the seas,especially plastic bags, is a major problem for turtles. The bags look like jellyfish, one of the turtle’s staple diets. Mr. Liew Hock Chark from SEATRU revealed that fibropapilloma, adiseasereportedlyfoundinturtlesinHawaiiandAustralia, ishighlyassociatedwithenvironmentalhealth.

1.2. incidental capture

Turtles have been deliberately or accidentally captured. Unfriendly turtle fishing gears (such as long lines and gill nets) in high seas and territorial waters causeincidental catch of turtles. Data in TUMEC’s presentation illustrated the incidental capture of turtles in shrimp trawls and in swordfish and long line fisheries(Table 1). Experience in theArchie Carr National Wildlife Refuge, the first sea turtlerefuge in United States, showed that the use of a turtle excluder device (TED) has resulted in significant success in conservation program. Related to this, Dr. Mohd.TaupekMohd.Nasir from theNationalOceanographicDirectoratementioned that theSoutheastAsianFisheriesDevelopmentCenter(SEAFDEC)hastestedtheuseofTEDinMalaysia.Apparently,onlyasmallportionof targetcatch (shrimp)was incidentallyreleasedtogetherwiththeescapedturtle.ThisfindingindicatesthatfisherswillnotincurgreatlossbyapplyingTEDintheirtrawlingnets.

table 1. incidental catches of turtles in fishing gears.fishing gear location magnitude reference

Shrimptrawl USA 5,500-55,000 Kemp’sridley

NRC1990

Swordfishfishery USA - Atlantic Ocean 1,218turtles,allspecies Oravetz1999

Longlinefishery USA - Western Pacific

2,182turtles,allspecies Brogan2002


1.3. economic exploitation of turtles

Turtlesareexploitedforboththeireggsandmeat.InMalaysia,turtleeggcollectionisoneoftheanthropogeniccausesforthedeclineofturtlepopulations.Mr.KevinHiewfromWWF-Malaysia felt that the policy that legalized leatherback eggs sale in states other than Terengganu and Pahang should be reviewed. Prof. Chan Eng Heng from SEATRU, in her presentation, claimed that the legal egg harvest through the licensing systemhasunintentionallycontributedtothefailuretofullyprotectturtleeggs.Apparently,thelicensed traditionalcollectorswould rathersell theeggsat themarketsdue tohigherprice offered than send the eggs to hatcheries. Thus, both SEATRU and WWF-Malaysia stronglysuggested that turtleeggharvest forconsumptionandcommercialpurposesinMalaysiashouldbetotallybanned.Besidesturtleeggs,thetradeofturtlebodypartsshouldalsobetakenintoconsiderationbecauseitisnotforbiddeninthenationallaw.

AlthoughclassifiedasnontradeablespeciesundertheConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesofFaunaandFlora,turtleeggtradeisatransboundaryissueinthisregion.TurtleeggsellersattheTerengganumarketclaimedthattheeggstheyselloriginated fromIndonesiaandPhilippines. Itseems thatTerengganu is thecenter forsellingturtleeggsfromneighboringcountries.WhiletheconsumptionofturtlemeatisnotanissueinMalaysia,itisstillasignificantthreattoourturtlepopulationasturtleforaginggrounds and roaming areas transcend the boundaries of several countries. Huntingturtles formeatoccurs inneighboringcountries.Between20,000and100,000 turtleswereharvestedrespectivelyinIndonesiaandAustralasianislands.Regionalagreementand cooperation are indeed substantially important in eliminating turtle harvest andaddressingturtleexploitationissues.Inthislight,MalaysiaandPhilippineshaveinitiatedtransboundarymanagementandmonitoringofforagingandnestinggroundsbetweenSabah and the southern Philippines, known as theTurtle Islands Heritage ProtectedAreain1996.Lookingattheimportanceofmultilateralintegratedturtlemanagementintheregion,Indonesiawillsoonbeincludedintheagreement.

Turtle-watching can contribute economic benefits to the tourism industry in Malaysia. However,withoutgoodmanagement,thisindustrycouldhaveadverseimpactsonturtles.These include practices, such as tourists harassing turtles in waters and accidentalcollisionofturtleswithspeedboats.NoisesmadebytouristswhilewatchingturtleslayeggsinRantauAbangbetweenthe1960sand1980sisalsobelievedtohavecauseddisturbancetoturtles.

1.4. conservation and management failure

The habitats of turtles include both water and land. The jurisdiction for both habitats in Peninsular Malaysia is divided between federal and state agencies. The DOF asthe federal agency has no jurisdiction on the development of turtle landing or nesting beachessinceterrestrialareasareundertheState’sauthority.InSabahandSarawak,theentireturtlemanagementandconservationeffortsinthewaterandonlandareunderthe jurisdiction of the State agencies. This management approach is better coordinated comparedtotheapproachusedinPeninsularMalaysia.


Enforcementfailuresinconservingandprotectingturtleandturtleeggsaremainlycausedbyshortageofstaff.Hence,theenforcementoftheFisheriesAct1985particularlyinthePeninsularMalaysiagivesprioritytomattersdealingwithfisheriesandfishingresourcesandwhilepoachingofturtleeggsandactivitiesthatharassturtlesdoexist,suchoffenceswere under-reported.

Thelegislationonturtlesandpaintedterrapinsarenotharmonizedamongallthestatesinthecountry.Apparently,ofthe13states,SelangorandPerlisdonothaveanylegislationonturtleconservation.Mostoftheexistingstatelegislationconcentratesmerelyonthecollectionandrevenuesofturtleeggsthroughlicensingpermitswithonlyfewmeasuresonconservationefforts(GregoryandSharma1996).

Thehatchingprograminhatcherieswasfoundtohaveproducedunbalancesexratioinhatchlings.Therightsandtemperature,approximatelyat29.5oC,isessentialtogiveabalancedsexratiotohatchlings.Ifthesandtemperatureishigher,mostofthehatchlingswill be females.Thiseventually contributes tounbalancedsex ratio inmatureadultsandtoreductioninopportunitiesformating.Thismaycauseadeclineinthenumberoffemalesinnestingbeaches.

2. recommendations

2.1. measures for mitigating environmental degradation issues

1. Moresanctuariesshouldbeestablishedtoavoid losingnestingbeachestocoastaldevelopment.Howeveronlythestatesaremandatedtosetupsanctuaries.Securingtheshorelineasasanctuarymightclashwiththeinterestofothercoastaldevelopmentusesthatmayhaveeconomicvaluetothestates.

2. Agoodcoastaldevelopmentplan isneededtoavoid losingturtlenestingbeaches.Forexample,lightingordinanceshouldbeincorporatedwiththecoastaldevelopmentplan.Ifsuchlightingordinancesarenotfeasibleinindustrialareaslocatedatnestingbeaches,proactivemeasureshouldbetakentoprotecttheforestintheareathatactsasfilterforlightpollution.

2.2. measures for mitigating turtle depredation

1. Atotalbanonturtleeggcollectionshouldnowbeimposedforallspeciesofseaturtlesandnotonlyonleatherbacks.ThisregulationshouldbemadeuniforminallStates.

2. Trawlers are still skeptical about the minimal amount of catch loss when turtlesescapefromatrawlnet.TheDOFhastoeducatethem.AtrialprogramontheuseofTEDcanbecarriedout.TheDOFcouldconsiderprovidingincentivestotrawlerswho are receptive to TED use. As a long-term measure, this implementation is also necessary for Malaysia especially if United States’ embargo on shrimp goes into effect. Although Malaysia can avoid exporting shrimp to US, Malaysia still has to be preparedforthepossibilitythatotherimportingcountrieswillsoonerorlateradoptthesamemeasure.

3. TheDOFhas toestablish regulations forspeedboats toslowdownwhenenteringamarineparkorotheridentifiedwatersthathaveinternestinghabitatsandforaginggrounds.


4. Turtle-watching as a tourism activity should be encouraged but should be done with apropermanagementplan.Amongthemeasuresthatshouldbetakeninmitigatingdisturbancetoturtleseitherinwateroronbeaches,arehavingatrainingprogramfortourguidesandhavingagoodvisitor’smanagementplan.Thetourguidesprogramshould involve the local communities. The job as tour guides will prepare them for alternative livelihood. It will also replace their former job as traditional egg collectors whentherulesonthebanofturtleeggcollectionarefullyimplemented.SabahParksis an example of good management of turtle-watching as a tourism activity operated ontheTurtleIslandsPark.

2.3. measures for improving turtle conservation and management

1. More gazetted terrestrial and marine waters are needed for sanctuaries in order toconserve and protect turtles, their eggs and hatchlings. The WWF-Malaysia proposed these areas to be considered as turtle sanctuaries:

1.Terengganu BeachesonPulauRedangAbeachonPulauPerhentianBesarSg.SetiulagoonandrivermouthMa’Daerahbeach

2.Pahang AbeachatCherating

3.Perak Segaribeach

4.Malacca Pulau UpehTanjung TuanAbeachatPengkalanBalak

2. Toovercomecomplicationbetweenfederalandstateagencies inmanagingturtlesin both water and terrestrial habitats, WWF-Malaysia felt that the Ministry of Science, TechnologyandEnvironment(MOSTE)andtheMinistryofAgriculture(MOA)shouldensure that all the state governments in Peninsular Malaysia are fully involved inturtleconservationandmanagementefforts.Allcoastaldevelopmentactivitiesshouldbereviewedanddiscussedbeforeadecisionismade.

3. Publicawarenessisidentifiedasessentialfortheturtleconservationstrategy.Thisprogramshouldincludenotonlythegeneralpublicbutalsothestakeholders,touristand government agencies. At the government level, WWF-Malaysia suggested that MOSTEandMOAshould take the lead in initiating interagencydialoguesatstatelevelsandalsoinencouragingthemtoestablishaformalcommitteetobeheadedbytheStateSecretary.Thiscommitteeshouldconsistofrelevantstateandfederalagencies (e.g., Department of Wildlife and National Parks [PERHILITAN] and DOF as members, and also representatives from nongovernment agencies and community-basedorganizations.Acomprehensivecampaigninthelocalmediaisindeedneededtoreacheverylevelofthepublic,eveninurbanareas,abouttheadverseimpactsofconsumingturtleeggsandbuyingturtleproductsonconservationefforts.


4. Empowermentoflocalcommunities,likefishersandeggcollectors,tomanageandprotect turtles and their eggs through a community-based management system (CBMS)couldsolvesomeoftheenforcementproblems.Inthislight,TheWorldFishCenterisrecognizedashavingtheexpertisetoinitiateCBMS.

5. Sincesomeofthelawsatthestatelevelsdonotmentionconservationandprotectionofturtles,thesemeasuresshouldbeemphasizedinallthestatelegislations.

6. DatukSeriDr.SallehMohd.Nor,PresidentoftheMalaysianNatureSocietyandMr.KevinHiewproposed that the regulationsonpainted terrapin shouldbe reviewed.Thisspecies,whichspendsmostofitslifeintheriverandentersmarinewatertonestat sandy beaches, should be allocated under PERHILITAN’s jurisdiction like other freshwaterturtles.

7. Datuk Seri Dr. Salleh Mohd. Nor suggested that SEATRU and TUMEC, respectively, be recognizedasthetwocentersofexcellenceforscientificresearchandmanagementin sea turtle conservation efforts in Malaysia. By recognizing SEATRU, Redang should alsoberecognizedasthenationalturtleresearchcenter.

8. To initiate the management plan for turtle protection and conservation, WWF-Malaysia suggested that with help from PERHILITAN and DOF, MOA/MOSTE should take the leadinprovidingresourcesandexpertisetodothework.

9. As scientific knowledge supports the management plan for turtles, more researchshouldbedirectedtoimprovehatchingratesandalsotofindthecorrectmethodologyin solving problems in sexual ratio imbalance in hatchlings. Besides the hatcheryprogram, universities and research institutes should also consider other scientificresearchinmoleculargenetics,satellitetrackingandpopulationmodelingtoprovideknowledge on population status, monitoring methods and conservation strategies.Perhaps, the Global Environment Facility could contribute in molecular geneticresearchespeciallyinDNAmappingandcloning.

3. conclusion

Thenestingrecordsof the leatherbacks inRantauAbang imply that thepopulation ison thevergeofextinction.Toavoid thesame fatebefalling theother threesea turtlespecies,moreactionsareneededtomitigatethedegradationofturtlepopulations.Thus,themitigationmeasuresshouldaddresstheentireturtlepopulationwithoutspecifyingtheleatherbacks.Theroundtable indicatedthatmanagementandenforcementeffortsshould be given the highest priority for both short and long-term initiatives.

Despite the unrelenting conservation efforts that have been taken to protect turtlepopulationsinMalaysia,moreseriousattentionneedstobegiveninordertobringtheleatherbacksbacktoMalaysianshoreandtoimprovethenestingrecordsforotherturtlespecies.Apparently, legislationon turtlesneeds tobeharmonized inall thestates inMalaysia. In fact, a few of the state legislations need to be reviewed and amended,particularlyonturtleeggcollectionandpaintedterrapin.

Besides improvement in management and enforcement, raising public awareness isalsoneededtomakethepeoplerealizethatbyconsumingturtleeggsandbuyingturtleproducts,theyarecontributingtothedegradationofturtlepopulation.Localcommunity


participation through CBMS should be complemented by human capacity-building for management,enforcementandconservationefforts.Hence, thiswilluplift theburdenshouldered by authorities especially when shortage of staff is the main obstacle inenforcement.

references

Brogan,D.�00�.AreviewofturtlebycatchinthewesternandcentralPacificOceantunafisheries,p.��-��.InI.Kinan(ed.)WesternPacificSeaTurtle–CooperativeResearchandManagementWorkshop,�-�February�00�,Hawaii,USA.

Gregory,R.andD.S.K.Sharma.��.StatusoffederalandstatelegislationaffectingchelonianconservationinMalaysia.ProceedingsoftheThirteenthAnnualSeminaroftheMalaysianSocietyofMarineSciences,KualaLumpur,Malaysia.

NRC(NationalResearchCouncil).��0.Declineofseaturtles:Causesandprevention.CommitteeonSeaTurtleConservation,BoardonEnvironmentalStudiesandToxicology,BoardonBiology,CommissiononLifeSciences,NationalResearchCouncil.��p.

Oravetz,C.A.��.Reducingincidentalcatchinfisheries,p.��-��.InK.L.Eckert,K.A.Bjorndal,F.A.Abreu-GroboisandM.Donnelly(eds.)Researchandmanagementtechniquesfortheconservationofseaturtles.IUCN/SSCMarineTurtleSpecialistGroup,Publ.�.

��ANNEX 5 | Working group matrix

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ildlif

ew

hich

incl

udes

sea

turtl

es.T

hep

olic

ysh

ould

pr

ovid

e fo

r:a.

es

tabl

ishm

ent

ofm

ore

sanc

tuar

ies

espe

cial

lyg

azet

tem

ent

ofn

onal

iena

ted

land

san

db.

fu

ndin

gfo

rtur

tlec

onse

rvat

ion

2.O

ptim

ize

exis

ting

polic

ies

asa

way

forw

ard.

Exp

lore

pos

sibi

lity

of

deve

lopi

ng

guid

elin

es/a

ctio

n pl

ans

unde

r th

e N

atio

nal

Bio

dive

rsity

Pol

icy.

3. E

xplo

re th

e ne

ed to

form

ulat

e gu

idel

ines

on:

a.

turtl

ew

atch

ing;

b.

deve

lopm

ent

ont

urtle

nes

ting

beac

hes

(incl

udin

glig

htin

gin

frast

ruct

ures

);an

dc.

eg

gco

llect

ion

syst

ema

ndp

rope

regg

han

dlin

gpr

otoc

ol.

4.

Exp

lore

the

need

tofo

rmul

ate

turtl

ere

cove

ryp

lan

for

depl

eted

po

pula

tions

.


2. w

orki

ng g

roup

on

iden

tific

atio

n of

kno

wle

dge

gap

s, r

esea

rch

Prio

rity

Are

as a

nd f

ram

ewor

k fo

r sea

tur

tle c

onse

rvat

ion

sum

mar

y of

res

earc

h Pr

iorit

ies

issu

esr

esea

rch

area

1.E

ggp

rote

ctio

n,o

ptim

izin

gha

tchl

ing

prod

uctio

n(b

each

)•

Eco

nom

icv

alue

s(b

enef

its),

cost

ofm

itiga

tion

and

prot

ectio

n,in

cent

ives

forc

onse

rvat

ion

- D

irect

and

indi

rect

met

hods

of v

alua

tion

• Tr

aditi

onal

use

/cul

tura

l fac

tors

that

allo

w

cons

erva

tion

and

chan

geo

fpra

ctic

es•

Alte

rnat

ives

toe

ggc

onsu

mpt

ion

and

oppo

rtuni

tyc

ost

•C

osts

and

ben

efits

ofe

duca

tion

and

awar

enes

spr

ogra

ms

(tow

ards

form

ulat

ion

ofn

ewa

ndc

reat

ive

prog

ram

s)•

Eva

luat

ing

effe

ctiv

enes

sof

hat

cher

ypr

actic

es•

Bea

chm

anag

emen

tpra

ctic

es -

Hat

cher

y vs

. in

situ

•

Bio

logi

calk

now

ledg

e -

Egg

via

bilit

y, fe

rtilit

y an

d

rep

rodu

ctiv

eph

ysio

logy

-

Bea

ch v

iabi

lity

- H

atch

ery

vs. i

n-si

tu -

Con

serv

atio

n ge

netic

s -

Impa

cts

of c

limat

e ch

ange

- S

ex d

eter

min

atio

n•

Hab

itatp

rote

ctio

n–

fora

ging

,nes

ting

• M

itiga

tion

proj

ects

•D

irect

vs.

indi

rect

con

serv

atio

n•

Mar

ine

debr

is,p

ollu

tion,

gho

stfi

shin

g•

Pos

sibi

lity

ofc

loni

ng


2. R

educ

ing

by-c

atch

in c

oast

al fi

sher

ies

•B

iolo

gica

lkno

wle

dge

• Fi

shin

g by

-cat

ch•

Fora

ging

hab

itat p

rote

ctio

n/m

echa

nism

s•

Hab

itatu

sea

ndm

igra

tion

patte

rns

•Fi

shin

gge

ar -

Ass

essi

ng b

y-ca

tch

by g

ear t

ype

- G

ear t

echn

olog

y to

redu

ce b

y-

cat

cho

rfor

alte

rnat

ive

fishe

ries

(g

illn

ets,

bub

u –

aty

peo

ftra

p)

•M

anag

emen

tpra

ctic

es(t

ime,

are

a,tr

awle

rbuy

back

s)•

Cos

tsa

ndin

cent

ives

•M

anag

emen

tpra

ctic

esa

nda

ltern

ativ

es

(incl

udin

gfis

hing

pra

ctic

es)

•E

nfor

cem

ent

3. R

educ

ing

by- c

atch

in o

ffsho

re fi

sher

ies

•B

iolo

gica

lkno

wle

dge

- P

opul

atio

n im

pact

mod

el•

Fish

ing

by-c

atch

ass

essm

ent b

y ge

ar ty

pe•

Hab

itatu

sea

ndm

igra

tion

patte

rns

•C

osts

and

ince

ntiv

es•

Effe

ctiv

enes

sof

inte

rnat

iona

lagr

eem

ents

and

w

ays

toim

prov

ein

tern

atio

nalc

oope

ratio

n•

Ass

essm

ento

fim

pact

sof

ille

galf

orei

gn

fishi

nga

ndh

igh

seas

fish

ing

4.I

llega

ltra

de•

Bio

logi

calk

now

ledg

e•

Am

ount

oft

rade

and

trad

ero

utes

(nat

iona

land

regi

onal

)•

Lega

lana

lysi

sof

regu

latio

ns


5. P

opul

atio

n as

sess

men

t: co

nser

vatio

n an

d re

stor

atio

n•

Bio

logi

calk

now

ledg

e•

Pop

ulat

ion

asse

ssm

enta

ndm

odel

ing

•Fo

ragi

ngp

opul

atio

nas

sess

men

ts•

Def

inin

gm

anag

emen

tuni

ts(d

emog

raph

ica

ndg

enet

ic)

•S

trand

ing

mon

itorin

gan

dre

habi

litat

ion

- N

ecro

psy

•Fe

asib

ility

ofr

esto

ring

leat

herb

ack

popu

latio

ns

(bio

logi

cal,

econ

omic

,pol

itica

lfac

tors

) -

Egg

tran

sfer

(pur

chas

e fro

m c

onsu

mer

s) -

Hea

d-st

artin

g -

Clo

ning

and

con

serv

atio

n ge

netic

s

6. S

ocio

econ

omic

val

uatio

n/be

nefit

s of

turtl

es•

Exi

sten

cev

alue

s(d

irect

and

indi

rect

val

uatio

nof

“w

illin

gnes

s-to

-pay

” and

“will

ingn

ess-

to-a

ccep

t”)

•In

dire

ctu

sev

alue

s(e

coto

uris

m)

•C

ostb

enef

itof

kee

ping

turtl

esa

live

vs.e

xplo

itatio

n•

Dim

inis

hing

the

notio

nab

outt

urtle

sbe

ing

an

aphr

odis

iac

(tos

top

peop

lefr

ome

atin

gtu

rtles

)


3. w

orki

ng g

roup

on

man

agem

ent s

trat

egie

s an

d to

ols

for s

ea t

urtle

con

serv

atio

n

(com

mun

ity-b

ased

invo

lvem

ent,

educ

atio

n/A

war

enes

s an

d o

ther

mea

sure

s)

sum

mar

y of

man

agem

ent s

trat

egie

s an

d to

ols

issu

esc

ause

sPr

opos

ed s

olut

ions

1. t

erre

stria

l hab

itat

man

agem

ent

Insu

ffici

entt

urtle

sa

nctu

arie

s/re

serv

es

Inad

equa

te re

stor

atio

n of

turtl

e-ne

stin

g ar

eas

Inad

equa

te b

est

prac

tice

guid

elin

es

for s

ea tu

rtle-

base

d ec

otou

rism

Loca

lcom

mun

ities

ar

eno

tful

lye

duca

ted

and

empo

wer

ed

tob

ein

volv

edin

tu

rtle

cons

erva

tion

Res

ourc

em

anag

ers

don

oth

ave

cont

rol

over

nes

ting

site

sin

all

area

s

•Le

ngth

yga

zette

men

tpro

cess

•C

onfli

ctin

gla

ndu

sed

eman

ds

•La

cko

ffun

ds

•N

ore

aliz

atio

nof

the

need

•Lo

cale

coto

uris

min

dust

ryn

ot

prov

idin

gst

ewar

dshi

p

•La

ndo

wne

rshi

p


2. i

nfor

mat

ion

man

agem

ent

Inad

equa

te in

form

atio

n fo

rsus

tain

able

m

anag

emen

t

•La

cko

frel

iabl

ein

form

atio

n•

Lack

ofi

nfor

mat

ion

diss

emin

atio

n•

No

cent

ralf

ocal

poi

ntfo

rinf

orm

atio

nco

mpi

latio

nan

din

tegr

atio

n•

Lack

ofc

omm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gyo

nin

form

atio

ndi

ssem

inat

ion

tos

peci

ficta

rget

gro

ups

•Tr

ain

hum

anre

sour

ces

ind

ata

gath

erin

gan

dan

alys

is.

•E

stab

lish

ana

tiona

lsea

turtl

ein

form

atio

nce

nter

(hom

epag

e/w

ebsi

te).

•D

evel

opc

omm

unic

atio

nst

rate

gy

fors

peci

ficta

rget

gro

ups.

3. t

urtle

by-

catc

h in

co

asta

l fis

herie

s

Inci

dent

alc

atch

of

turtl

esin

coa

stal

fis

herie

s

•Fi

shin

gin

crit

ical

hab

itats

(for

agin

g,in

tern

estin

g)•

Gea

rtyp

es,b

oth

lega

land

ille

gal,

fort

arge

tsp

ecie

s(fi

sh,s

hrim

p)w

hich

cat

chtu

rtles

• Im

plem

ent t

ime/

area

clo

sure

s of

nea

rsho

re

fishe

ries

offc

ritic

aln

estin

gha

bita

ts.

•Im

plem

entr

estri

ctio

nso

nfis

hing

gea

rs

that

cat

chs

eatu

rtles

alo

ngw

itho

bser

ver

prog

ram

and

effi

cien

tenf

orce

men

t.•

Util

ize

reef

bal

ls a

s ba

rrie

rs to

boa

ts

encr

oach

ing

into

coa

stal

wat

ers.

•E

ncou

rage

com

pens

atio

nfo

rlos

ses

tofi

sher

sdu

eto

com

plia

nce

with

con

serv

atio

nm

etho

ds.

•E

stab

lish

alte

rnat

ives

tofi

shin

g(d

iver

tlab

orfr

omfi

shin

g).


4. e

nfor

cem

ent

Lack

ofe

nfor

cem

ent

actio

n•

Lack

of p

erso

nnel

, fun

ding

and

equ

ipm

ent

•La

cko

fcoo

pera

tion

amon

gau

thor

ities

• D

iffic

ulty

in g

ettin

g in

form

atio

n on

“wro

ng d

oing

”

•In

crea

sen

umbe

rofp

erso

nnel

and

fund

ing.

•Tr

ain

enfo

rcem

entp

erso

nnel

.•

Equ

ip p

erso

nnel

with

late

st te

chno

logy

and

tool

s.•

Em

pow

erth

ere

gion

alo

ffice

rto

impo

sep

enal

ty.

•E

stab

lish

wor

king

gro

ups

amon

gau

thor

ities

,NG

Os

and

loca

lcom

mun

ity.

•In

volv

elo

calc

omm

unity

by

intro

duci

ng

ince

ntiv

esc

hem

ean

dap

poin

ting

hono

rary

co

asta

lran

ger(

e.g.

,vill

age

head

pers

on).

•E

mpl

oylo

calc

omm

unity

as

staf

f.

5. A

war

enes

s pr

ogra

ms

The

publ

icis

not

fu

lly a

war

e of

the:

1.i

mpa

cto

fits

ac

tiviti

esu

pon

turtl

epo

pula

tions

;and

2.n

eare

xtin

ctio

nof

cer

tain

turtl

esp

ecie

s.

The

publ

icd

oes

nota

ppre

ciat

eth

eim

porta

nce

of

cons

ervi

ngth

esp

ecie

s.

Ther

eis

con

flict

of

inte

rest

inu

seo

fco

asta

lres

ourc

es.

•La

cko

faw

aren

ess

prog

ram

s

•La

cko

fpub

licp

artic

ipat

ion

in

cons

erva

tion

prog

ram

s

•C

ondu

ctm

ore

awar

enes

spr

ogra

ms

thro

ugh

fishe

rsa

ssoc

iatio

n,to

uris

top

erat

ors

and

loca

lcom

mun

ity.

•G

etth

elo

calc

omm

unity

and

fish

ers

invo

lved

inc

onse

rvat

ion

prog

ram

s.•

Gen

erat

em

ore

mas

sm

edia

cov

erag

eon

st

atus

oft

urtle

san

dha

bita

tdes

truct

ion

as

wel

l as

effo

rts to

reju

vena

te th

e po

pula

tion.

•In

fuse

form

ale

duca

tion

inlo

wer

an

dhi

gher

edu

catio

nle

vels


6. t

ouris

m

Unc

ontro

lled

tour

ism

inc

ritic

al

habi

tats

(nes

ting,

fo

ragi

ng) c

ause

s:1.

los

sof

crit

ical

ha

bita

ts2.

har

assm

enta

nd

inju

ries

to tu

rtles

3.l

ight

dis

orie

ntat

ion

toh

atch

lings

4.d

eter

rent

to

nest

ing

fem

ales

•La

cko

faw

aren

ess

inth

eto

uris

min

dust

ry

onth

eim

pact

sof

its

activ

ities

•N

onco

mpa

tible

tour

ism

act

iviti

es

ins

ensi

tive

habi

tats

•In

effe

ctiv

eco

ntro

lon

coas

tald

evel

opm

ent

• N

o gu

idel

ine/

regu

latio

n/en

forc

emen

t on

turtl

e-w

atch

ing

activ

ity•

No

regu

latio

non

ligh

tpol

lutio

non

nes

ting

beac

hes

•B

uild

cap

acity

ofc

omm

uniti

esto

eng

age

effe

ctiv

ely

ine

coto

uris

m(t

rain

ing

in

biol

ogy,

fund

rais

ing,

mon

itorin

g,e

tc.).

• In

volv

e co

mm

unity

mem

bers

in p

lann

ing/

mon

itorin

gto

uris

ma

ctiv

ities

.•

Exp

lore

hom

e-st

ay p

rogr

amm

es•

Impo

se e

ntra

nce/

cons

erva

tion

fee

to b

e ch

anne

led

toc

omm

unity

dev

elop

men

tfun

d.•

Issu

ece

rtific

atio

nto

loca

llic

ense

dto

urg

uide

ssp

ecifi

cally

for t

urtle

-rel

ated

tour

ism

.•

Car

ryo

uta

vol

unte

erp

rogr

amto

re

plac

eco

nven

tiona

ltou

rism

.•

Inco

rpor

ate

sens

itivi

ties

oftu

rtle

nest

ing

biol

ogy

toin

tegr

ated

coa

stlin

ede

velo

pmen

t.•

Hav

e st

eerin

g co

mm

ittee

/man

agem

ent

boar

dco

mpo

sed

ofm

embe

rsfr

om

com

mun

ity,a

utho

ritie

san

dN

GO

s.

7. m

anag

emen

t A

utho

rity

No

prop

erc

oord

inat

ion

amon

ggo

vern

men

tde

partm

ents

on

man

agem

ente

fforts

Inef

ficie

ntle

gisl

atio

ns

•Tu

rtle

man

agem

enti

sun

deri

napp

ropr

iate

min

istry

•D

OF

man

ages

spe

cies

but

isn

ot

empo

wer

edto

man

age

habi

tats

•E

ach

stat

eha

sits

ow

nle

gisl

atio

npe

rtain

ing

totu

rtles

•S

ome

stat

esh

ave

nole

gisl

atio

npe

rtain

ing

totu

rtles

•E

stab

lish

aTu

rtle

Task

For

ceu

nder

th

eB

iodi

vers

itya

ndB

iote

chno

logy

C

ounc

ilat

nat

iona

llev

el.

•E

stab

lish

Wor

king

Gro

ups

amon

gst

akeh

olde

rs

ats

tate

leve

l(vi

alo

cala

utho

ritie

s).

•P

lace

turtl

esu

nder

the

Min

istry

ofN

atur

al

Res

ourc

esa

ndE

nviro

nmen

t(M

ON

RE

).•

The

desi

gnat

edd

epar

tmen

tres

pons

ible

fo

rtur

tles

unde

rMO

NR

Em

ustb

eem

pow

ered

tole

adtu

rtle

man

agem

ent.


8. f

undi

ng

Lack

off

undi

ng•

Lim

ited

allo

catio

nfro

mg

over

nmen

tan

din

tern

atio

nalb

odie

s•

Turtl

eco

nser

vatio

nis

low

prio

rity

•La

cko

fsup

port

from

priv

ate

orga

niza

tions

•N

odi

rect

eco

nom

icb

enef

it

•Ta

rget

spo

nsor

ship

from

com

pani

eso

pera

ting

inc

oast

ala

reas

(nea

rcrit

ical

nes

ting

habi

tats

).•

Con

duct

fund

rais

ing

cam

paig

nat

var

ious

leve

ls,

e.g.

,loc

alc

omm

unity

,sch

ools

,NG

Os,

etc

.•

Pro

mot

esp

onso

rshi

pfro

mp

rivat

ese

ctor

san

dgi

vere

cogn

ition

fort

heir

cont

ribut

ion.

•C

olla

bora

tee

fforts

with

loca

land

in

tern

atio

nalo

rgan

izat

ions

.•

Col

lect

con

serv

atio

nfe

efo

rtur

tle

wat

chin

g/to

uris

m a

ctiv

ities

.•

Exp

lore

sel

f-sus

tain

ing

fund

ing

mec

hani

sms

forc

onse

rvat

ion

activ

ities

..•

Com

mit

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Annex 6. Workshop program

16-17 August 2004, Awana kijal, terengganu, malaysia

Monday, 16 August8:00 – 8:30 am Registration Secretariat

opening sessionChief Guest: Chief Minister of TerengganuChair: Tn. Hj. Ibrahim Salleh, Deputy Director-General, DOF, Malaysia

8:45 – 9:00 WelcomeRemarks Tn. Hj. Ibrahim Salleh, Deputy DirectorGeneral–DOF

9:00 – 9:15 OpeningAddress ChiefMinister

9:20 – 9:30 PhotoSession Secretariat

session 1. background PresentationsChair: Prof. Dr. Ho Sinn Chye, Director, National Oceanography Directorate

9:30 – 9:40 IntroductionandOverviewofWorkshop

Mr.MohdNizamBasironHead,CentreofCoastalDevelopmentandMarineEnvironmentMaritimeInstituteofMalaysia

9:40 – 10:10 AspectsintheBiologyofSeaTurtles

Assoc.Prof.LiewHockCharkKolej Universiti Sains dan TeknologiMalaysia

10:10 – 10:40 FortyYearsofSeaTurtleConservation Efforts: Where did We Go Wrong? Lessons LearnedfortheWayForward

Dr.DionysiusS.K.SharmaWWF-Malaysia

10:40 – 11:00 TeaBreak

11:00 – 11:50 ImpactsofResearchinPolicyDevelopmentandActions• InternationalExperiences

ofSeaTurtlePopulationRestoration

• LessonsLearnedfromSeaTurtleRestorationinSabah

Dr.PeterDuttonNationalMarineFisheriesService,NOAA

Mr.PaulBasintalAssistantDirector,SabahParks

11:50 – 12:20 SocioeconomicLinkagesandImpactsofFisheriesonSeaTurtlePopulations

Tn. Hj. Sukarno Wagiman Head,SectionofResourcesRehabilitationandRecreationalFishery,DOF

�0�ANNEX 6 | Workshop program

session 2. working group discussion

2:00 –3:15 WorkingGroupSession Group 1: DOF – Tn. Hj. Sukarno Wagiman/Mr. Mohd Nizam BasironGroup 2: Prof. Dr. Peter Dutton Group 3: Dr. Dionysius S.K. Sharma

3:15 – 3:30 TeaBreak

3:30 – 4:45 WorkingGroupSession Groupfacilitators

4:45 – 5:00 SummaryofDay1– Discussion and Wrap-up

Tuesday, 17 August session 3. working group discussion

9:00 – 10:45 WorkingGroupDiscussions

10:45 –11:00 TeaBreak

11:00– 12:45 PresentationofWorkingGroupFindings

12:45 – 1:00 Working Group Discussion Wrap-up and Summary

1:00 – 2:00 Lunch

session 4. Plenary

2:00 – 2:15 IntegrationandSynthesisofWorkshop–ReviewWorkshopOutputs

2:15 – 3:15 ActionPlanPrioritiesandImplementationStrategy(Identificationof Priorities, Key Agencies and Resources Required)

3:15 – 3:30 TeaBreak

3:30 – 4:30 ActionPlanandImplementationStrategy

4:30 Final Discussions, Timelines and Wrap-up

5:00 EndofWorkshopandWordofThanks

Field Visit – Ma’ Daerah Turtle Sanctuary

working groups:Objective: Conservation and Sustainable Management of Sea Turtles – the Way Forward

1. Policy options:Policy,LegalandInstitutionalIssuesinMalaysiaandtheRegion facilitator: Mr. Mohd. Nizam Basiron/Tn. Hj. Sukarno Wagiman rapporteur:Ms.ZahaitunMahaniZakariah2. IdentificationofKnowledgeGaps,ResearchPriorityAreasandFrameworkforSeaTurtlesConservation facilitator:Dr.PeterDutton rapporteur: Ms.YeoBeeHong3. ManagementStrategiesandToolsforSeaTurtlesConservation (Community based Involvement, Education/Awareness and Other Measures) facilitator:Dr.DionysiusSharma rapporteur: Ms.LauMinMin

�0� The WorldFish Center | ChartingMultidisciplinaryResearchandActionPrioritiestowardstheConservation andSustainableManagementofSeaTurtlesinthePacificOcean:AFocusonMalaysia

Annex 7. List of participants

Ariffin, mr. izHAruddinStateFisheries,PerakPejabat Perikanan NegeriTkt8KompleksIslamDarulRidzuanJalanPanglimaBukitGantangWahab3000Ipoh,PerakTel.: 605-2554061, 605-2554062Fax: 605-2542148

AwAng, mr. zAHAri TurtleandMarineEcosystemCenter23050RantauAbang,Dungun,TerengganuTel.: 609-8458169; 609-8453169 (direct)Fax: 609-8458017

AwAng, ms. suriyAni NationalHydraulicResearchInstituteofMalaysia(NAHRIM)MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentBlokA,KompleksJabatanPengairandanSaliran,KM7,JalanAmpang68000Ampang,KualaLumpurTel.: 603- 42564016, 603-42564017Fax: 603-42564028

bAlAkrisHnAn, ms. vAsHeelA A. PolicyResearchandImpactAssessmentTheWorldFishCenterJalanBatuMaung,11960PenangTel.: 604-6202127Fax: 604-6265530E-mail: [email protected]

bAli, mr. JAmes ProtectedAreaandBiodiversityConservationSarawakForestryCorporationSdn.Bhd.Level11,OfficeTowerHockLeeCentreJln.AbangAbdulRahimPadungan,93100Kuching,SarawakTel.: 6082-301302E-mail: [email protected]

national Participants - malaysia

Abdul kArim, mr. Abdul kHAlil MarineParksDivisionDepartmentofFisheriesMalaysiaTingkat3,WismaAwalJalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz50300Kg.Baru,KualaLumpurTel.: 603-26982500Fax: 603-26913199

Abdul lAtif, mr. ziAuddin DepartmentofIrrigationandDrainageMalaysiaJalanSultanSalahuddin50626KualaLumpurTel.: 603-26923831 Fax: 603-26948268

Abd. HAmid, mr. moHd. kHirusHAm Unit Perancang Ekonomi Negeri PahangTingkat4,WismaSriPahang25646Kuantan,PahangTel.: 609-5126701Fax: 609-5163462

AHmAd, mr. Abdul Aziz StateFisheries,MelakaPejabat Perikanan NegeriTkt9WismaPersekutuanJalanHangTuah75300MelakaTel.: 606-2833610, 606-2833611Fax: 606-2849936E-mail: [email protected]

AHmed, dr. mAHfuzuddin PolicyResearchandImpactAssessmentTheWorldFishCenterJalanBatuMaung,11960PenangTel.: 604-6202120 Fax: 604-6265530E-mail: [email protected]

�0�ANNEX 7 | List of participants

bAsintAl, mr. PAul SabahParksLot3,BlockK,SinsuranComplex88806KotaKinabalu,SabahTel.: 6088-221228 (direct) 6088-211881; 6088-212719 (general)Fax: 6088-221001; 6088-211585E-mail: [email protected]

bAsiron, mr. moHd nizAm CentreofCoastalDevelopmentandMarineEnvironmentMaritimeInstituteofMalaysiaB-06-08 Megan Avenue II12YapKwanSeng,50450KualaLumpurTel.: 603-21612960Fax: 603-21614035E-mail: [email protected]

HAmzAH, mr. HAsnizAm JohorNationalParksCorporationJKR475,JalanBukitTimbalan80000JohorBahruTel.: 607-2237471; 607-2242525 Fax: 607-2237472E-mail: [email protected] (general)

HAsHim, Pn. norAini BPAsiaPacific(Malaysia)Level35,MenaraMaxisKualaLumpurCityCentre50088KualaLumpurTel.: 603-20595282Fax: 603-20595641E-mail: [email protected]

Hiew, mr. kevin WWF-MalaysiaGovernmentandAidAgencyPartnershipNo. 49 Jalan SS23/15TamanSEA,47400PetalingJaya,SelangorTel.: 603-78033772Fax: 603-78035157E-mail: [email protected]

Ho, Prof. dr. sinn-cHye NationalOceanographyDirectorateMinistryofScience,TechnologyandInnovationBlock C4, Parcel C 62662 PutrajayaTel.: 603-88858201 Fax: 603-88893008E-mail: [email protected]

ibrAHim, mr. kAmArruddin TurtleandMarineEcosystemCenter23050RantauAbang,Dungun,TerengganuTel.: 609-8458169Fax: 609-8458017E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

kAssim, mr. Abdul rAHmAn StateFisheries,TerengganuPejabat Perikanan NegeriWismaPerikananNegeriTamanPerikananChendering21080KualaTerengganuTel.: 609-6173352, 609-6173353Fax: 609-6173351

lAu, ms. min min WWF-MalaysiaNo. 49 Jalan SS23/15TamanSEA47400PetalingJaya,SelangorTel.: 603-7803 3772Fax: 603-7803 5157E-mail: [email protected]

liew, Assoc. Prof. Hock cHArkSea Turtle Research Unit FacultyofScienceandTechnologyKolej Universiti Sains & Teknologi Malaysia 21030KualaTerengganuTel.: 609-6683251Fax: 609- 6694660E-mail: [email protected]


mAulAnA, mr. Abdul gHAfAr PETRONASLevel44,Tower1,PetronasTwinTowersKualaLumpurCityCentre50088KualaLumpurTel.: 603-5814922, 603-20514922Fax: 603-20513194

md. yAsin, mr. md nAfiAH StateFisheries,TerengganuPejabat Perikanan NegeriWismaPerikananNegeriTamanPerikananChendering21080KualaTerengganuTel.: 609-6173352, 609-6173353Fax: 609-6173351

moHAmAd tAib, mr. moHd gHAzAli LegalSectionsDepartmentofFisheries9thFloor,WismaTani,JalanSultanSalahuddin,50628KualaLumpurTel.: 603-26175632Fax: 603-269859929

moHd. fAzli, Pn. bAsHirAH NationalHydraulicResearchInstituteofMalaysiaMinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentBlokA,KompleksJabatanPengairandanSaliran,KM7,JalanAmpang68000Ampang,KualaLumpurTel.: 603-42564016, 603-42564017Fax: 603-42564028

moHd nAsir, dr. moHd tAuPek NationalOceanographyDirectorateMinistryofScience,TechnologyandInnovationGroundFloor,BlockC5,ParcelCFederalGovernmentAdministrativeCentre62662 PutrajayaTel.: 603-88858068; Fax: 603-88893008E-mail: [email protected]

moHd. nor, mr. burHAnuddin DepartmentofWildlifeandNationalParkKm10JalanCheras56100KualaLumpurTel.: 603-90752872Fax: 603-90752873

ng, ms. li PingPolicyResearchandImpactAssessmentTheWorldFishCenterJalanBatuMaung,11960PenangTel.: 604-6202122 Fax: 604-6265530E-mail: [email protected]

norAni, mr. AzHAr MinistryofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentTingkat13,WismaTanahJalanSemarak,50574,KualaLumpurTel.: 603-26921566 Fax: 603-26932116

sAlleH, tn. HJ. ibrAHim DepartmentofFisheriesMalaysiaTingkat 8 & 9, Wisma Tani, Jalan SultanSalahuddin,50628KualaLumpurTel.: 603-26175000 (ext. 5550/5447)

603-26980523Fax: 603-26942984E-mail: [email protected]

sHArmA, dr. dionysius s.k. WWF-MalaysiaNo. 49 Jalan SS23/15TamanSEA,47400PetalingJaya,SelangorTel.: ++ (603) 7803 3772Fax: ++ (603) 7803 5157E-mail: [email protected]

sulAimAn, mr. zAkAriA StateFisheries,PahangPejabat Perikanan NegeriTkt2,WismaPersekutuanJalanGambut,25000KuantanTel.: 609-5161287; 609-5161508Fax: 609-5523482

�0�ANNEX 7 | List of participants

tAlib, mr. zulkifli SoutheastAsianFisheriesDevelopmentCenterTamanPerikanan,Chendering21080KualaTerengganuTel.: 609-6163150Fax: 609-6173156, 609-6174042

tAn, mr. teong JinJAceCommunications87 Jalan BU2/2Bandar Utama Damansara47800PetalingJaya,SelangorTel.: 603-77279735Fax: 603-77279735E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

wAgimAn, tn. HJ. sukArno DepartmentofFisheriesMalaysiaTingkat3,WismaAwalJalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz50300Kg.Baru,KualaLumpurTel.: 603-26982500Fax: 603-26913199E-mail: [email protected] [email protected]

wAn din, mr. wAn mustAffA Universiti Sains Malaysia11800Minden,PenangTel.: 604-6533888 Fax: 604-6572960

yeo, ms. bee HongPolicyResearchandImpactAssessmentTheWorldFishCenterJalanBatuMaung,11960PenangTel.: 604-6202134Fax: 604-6265530E-mail: [email protected]

zAkAriA, ms. zAHAitun mAHAni CentreofCoastalDevelopmentandMarineEnvironmentMaritimeInstituteofMalaysiaB-06-08 Megan Avenue II12YapKwanSeng,50450KualaLumpurTel.: 603-21612960Fax: 603-21614035E-mail: [email protected]

zulkifli, ms. rAHAyu WWF-Malaysiac/o BP Petronas Acetyls Sdn. Bhd.PetronasPetrochemicalIntegratedComplex24300Kerteh,TerengganuTel.: 609-8305300Fax: 609-8305321 E-mail: [email protected]

international resource Persons

dumAuP, mr. Jose noel b. SSME Coordination UnitWWF-PhilippinesTel.: 632-4330909; Fax: 632-4330911 E-mail: [email protected]

dutton, dr. donnA l. OceanPlanetResearch12368RueFountainebleauSanDiego,CA92131USATel./Fax: 1-858-6891142E-mail: [email protected]

dutton, dr. Peter NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationNationalMarineFisheriesServiceSouthwestFisheriesScienceCenterLaJolla,California92038USAFax: 1-858-5467003E-mail: [email protected]


gJertsen, dr. Heidi NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationNationalMarineFisheriesServiceSouthwestFisheriesScienceCenterLaJolla,California92038USAE-mail: [email protected]

groves, Prof. dr. tHeodore DepartmentofEconomics0508University of California, San Diego9500GilmanDrive,LaJollaCalifornia 92093-0508USATel.: 1-858-5342818Fax: 1-858-2748626E-mail: [email protected]

Hykle, mr. douglAs Indian Ocean and South-East Asia (IOSEA)Marine Turtle MOU Secretariatc/o UNEP Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific10th Floor, United Nations BuildingRajdamnern Avenue, Bangkok 10200 ThailandTel.: 662-2881471 Fax: 662-2803829E-mail: [email protected]

mclellAn, ms. liz PandaCottage,POBox4010WembleyWA6913AustraliaTel.: 618-94421208; E-mail: [email protected]

ng, ms. JuliA su – cHenTRAFFICSoutheastAsiaUnit 9-3A, 3rd Floor, Jalan SS23/11TamanSEA,47400PetalingJaya,SelangorMalaysiaTel.: 603-78803940Fax: 603-78820171E-mail: [email protected]

squires, dr. dAle edwArd NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrationNationalMarineFisheriesServiceCaliforniaUSAE-mail: [email protected]

Documents

Half-way technologypubs.iclarm.net/resource_centre/SeaTurtles_2.pdf · 2015. 1. 30. · The Turtle Preservation Ordinance No.5 of 1952 was enacted. {Fauna Conservation Ordinance of