20

[hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    5

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

������������ ������������������������ �������������! #"�$����%���'&(����������)� ���+*

�������-, �!������� �.&/*.�!, �102�43

57698:8<;>=@?BADC4EGFH?JIK=<LNM+OP?J6JE>QSRT;>=@I:=@U>U�?WV!=XFH6ZYPLNM\[�69]�=:^_V`?-E�6-]�?JE�8a?-bcM\V`?J6d8<ef=XgW5h?JE�ijEk^>?-g>LNM\l`m>E>6JEnoiBp�?-e<8qLr6-E>^�st;Gec=NYu8a=@6JEv[o6�]�=w^(L

L-xyE>=z]H?�edYc={8ai!^>?!s|?-efF>}kQSRTm~E�8am~=:Y�?[oi-U�6-eu8a?-�o?jE�8T^>?�����=@?JE��J?ZY�^>?!Iw6!��?-eaec?!?P8H�tE�]�=Xecm>E>E�?j��?JEZ8�4��6j=@IH�v6-}~QS��A�YqYc6��JM���?9A>]�=:I:Iw?JQcYuA�ecQf�4=SY�?���'�>����s|?-efF>}>QNR�m>EZ8Sm~=wYq?!s���[4�t��rec6JEk�J?

bGxyE>=z]H?�edYc=w^>6J^�^>?1C4I@=:��6JEZ8a?[o?-U�6-eu8a6-�o?jE�8am�^>?�s�=@?JE>�J=w6ZY�^>?!Iw6!��=@?-eaec6`}o^>?JIG5�?J^>=:m�C4��p�=:?JE�8a?��6-p�m>ec6d8<m>ef=@m�^>?�RT?d8<efm>I@m>F>=w6�C!U�Iw=:��6J^�6C!U�6-eu8a6�^>m��G��>�>���'��CvI@=w��6JEZ8a?��YfU�6-�k6

�|���G�:�@ d¡�¢-£¤�K¥§¦. ©¨|¢JªJ�K¦����K q 9��¢�«G¥% q¦��N¬�£�¢Jª-¦9­�®>«G¯|°�¥H±J�@¯9«G¥>²y¢-¥H¬z¦���³!¢J«>�:«J´J­Tµ(¶�¥�´r¢J�w�>·¸X¹(º��{´(¦> |»J�t¹º�¢-¥>¦�±J¢-¥H¬@¢%¼�¹�·¢-¥�½-¥>£�¢9¾#º|¹|¿�½��G¢�¯�¬tÀ�¸�¦>¥>£�¼�¦�±J�X£ÂÁt¸!Ã(Ä>ÄHÅ%ÆÈÇ>¦��ɬ1ª�¯:­( B¬z¦��:�w�X¾9¦H¬K�:«G¥Ê�K¥#¨|«G¯P¢- JµË �G¦>¥H¬K� ®>�:ª-¦H¬@�:«�¥�¦>¥>£o¢- �¬@�K²4¦H¬K�:«G¥�«w®o£>¦>²4¦�´r¢tÆ4°�¥�±J�@¯9«G¥>²y¢-¥H¬z¦��'´r¢J«>�:«J´J­(¹HÌ>Ã�µÉÃ(Ä�Ì>ÍfÃ(Î'Ï

Page 2: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

�������������

��;>?�mkp� q?J�B8a=X]�?�m���8<;>=NY�Y<8NAH^k}¤=NY�8am%A�Ek^>?-edYu8a6�E>^.6-Ek^.U>ec?J^>=@�B8t8<;k?�6JI{8a?-ec698<=@m~E¤m��|6JEG}.ecm����.p�}�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E m��1Y�6JI{8dY�����6j�yU�Iw?GY4m���^>=����a?-ec?JEZ8|e�m����(Y|;�6-]~?�pH?J?JE)8a?ZY<8a?J^)8<;k6-E��rY�8am#8<;>?o�T� ���������Yu8a6�E>^>6-ec^#8a?ZYu8��H���ym.U�6-ec6J��?98a?-edY`6-ec?�U>e�m~Ukm�Y�?J^)8<m ?B]H6JI{AH698a?o8<;>?�6JI{8a?-ec6B8a=@m>E.m�|6�ecm���� ^ZA�ec=@EGF§8<;>?GYc?8a?ZYN8cY���� ;k? 6jI 8a?-ec6d8<=@m~E7=@E�^>?��C! �ec?-U>e�?ZYc?JEZ8cY�8<;k? ��}k�JIw?GY�=@E"��;>=w�J;+8<;>?#�u=@edY<8�^>6J��6-F�?GY�m��J�BA�e�����;>?6JI{8a?-ec698<=@m~E�]~?JI@m(�J={8<}§C!$ =NYt8<;>?�6JI{8a?-ec6B8a=@m>E�ec698a?�6B8�8<;>?�?-Ek^%m���8<;>?�?��>U�?-ec=@��?jE�8aM%��;k?jE�8<;k?�^�?J�J6-}§;�6ZYp�?��Jm���?�ec?�FGA(Iw6-e��'��;>?ZY�?�U�6-ec6J��?B8a?-edY���6-E�p�?!?GYu8<=@��6B8a?�^&��={8<;v8<;k?�;>?JI@U�m��6!��=w�-ecm(Yu8<euAH�d8NA�ec6-I(Y<8NAH^k}om��8<;>?4ecm����(Y��>��;>?�=@EZ8<ec=@E�Yc=w�vUH6-ec6J��?B8a?-edY m���8<;k?�Yu8am>E>?�Y�8N;k6B8�6-ec?!8<;>?���m(Yu8�ec?-Iz?�]H6JE�8'�<m~e�8<;>=wY|?GYu8<=@��6B8a=@m�E6-ec?¤�J6-U�=KIwIw6-ef}7�Jm�?��(�f=w�j=w?JEZ8aM|?B]~6-U�m>ec6B8<=@m>E��Jm�?��(�f=w�J=:?JE�8aM 8a?-E�Yc=@Iw?+Yu8<ec?�EGFG8<;�6�E>^\RTQ)�o6�]~?ZY�]�?JI@m��J={8<}*��C4E?B]~6jIXAH6B8a=@m>E�m��r8<;>?46jI 8a?-ec6B8<=@m>E�U�6B8N8a?-efE�=NY�6JISY�m�U>efm>U>m(Yc?�^�^>?-U�?-Ek^~=@E>F�m~E�8<;>?4?B]~?jE�8NAH6JI�;�?B8a?�efm>F�?-E>?J={8a=w?ZY6-Ek^�6JE>=NYcmG8<efm>U>=@?ZY�m���8<;>?�e�m����(Y��G��;>?!=@E%�aIzAH?JEk�J?vm���8<;k?v^>=@��?jE(Yc=zm�E�6JE>^#Yc;>6-U�?4m��r8<;>?�Yc6J��U�Iw?ZY�=NYt6JINYcm^>=:Yq�BArYdYq?�^+�

,#- �*.0/ -

��1wmkp� q?J�98f=���^>?#�J?B8N8a?�iB8NAH^>?�?ZY<8�^>?���m~��U>e�?jEk^Gec?�?98|U>eciB]~m�=Xe!I(1N6JI{8ai-ec698<=@m~E2^21XA(Ek?�ecm��-;k?�U�6-e!IN6�-ec=:Y<8a6jI@Iw=SYq698<=@m~E ^>?2Yq?JINY��r[�?GYyiJ�J;>6JEZ8a=@I:I@m�E�Y�^>?§^>=3�(�fi-e�?jE�8a?ZY4ecm��-;>?ZYom~E�84iB8ai�8a?�Yu8aiJ?ZY�Y�?jIzm~E�I:6.Ekm~ef��??BA�ecm>U�iJ?-E'E>? �T� �������>�+�\[o?BA�� U�6�ec6J�5498<ec?ZY Ycm>EZ8ÂU>ecm>U>m(YciZY U�mGA�e i9]�6JI{AH?-e I(1N6JI{8ai�ec6B8a=@m~ED^>?GYiJ�-;�6JE�8<=KIwI@m�E(Y�U�?-E>^�6JEZ8���?ZY�8a?�YS8cY�����1:=@E>^>=w�J?�^+1N6JI{8ai�ec6B8<=@m>E.C! �e�?-U>eciZY�?-EZ8a?�I@?�E�A(��i-e�m\^ZA\�B}k�jIw?�mkA�I@?GYU>ec?J��=w?-edYy^>i-F6B8cYy6-U>U�6-e�6j=NY9Y�?jE�8�����6�]�={8a?GYdYc?§^*1:6JI{8ai-e�6B8<=@m�E�C!$ ?kY<84I@?�8a6BA�� ^21w6JI{8ai-ec6B8a=@m>E87%Iw69�f=@E�^>?I(1N?��>U�i-ec=w?JE>�J?�M;:ZAH6JE>^.��?jIwIw?JQf�J=�?ZY<8|^>?-]~?jE�AH?�eci�FGA(I@=<4-ec?��rs|?ZY�U�6-ec6J�=4B8<ec?�Y|U�?BA>]H?JEZ8?>B8<ec?�?ZYu8<=@��iZY`6-]�?J�I(1N6J=w^>?�^21XAHE>?�iB8NAH^>?���=:��ecm�Y<8NeuAH�d8NA�ec?-I@Iw?�^>?ZY|ecm��-;>?�Y��G�|?�YtU�6-ec6J�=4B8<ec?�Y|=KE�8<ec=KE�Y@4A:ZA�?ZY?:ZA(=�Ycm>EZ8�I@?GYtU�IzA YU�?-eu8<=@Ek?jE�8cY�U�mGA�e!��?B8:8a?�?ZYu8<=@��6B8<=@m>E+Ycm>EZ8�Iw?���m�?A�(�u=w�J=w?jE>8��J6�U>=KIwIw6j=@ec?�M Iw?#�Jm�?��(�f=w�j=w?JEZ8�^+1:i-]H6-U�m>ec6d8<=@m~EkM Iw6eciZYc=NY<8a6-E>�J?�?JEh8<ec6��B8<=@m>E?B8�I@6\]�= 8a?kYqYc?�^>?ZY�m>E>^>?GY�RB��xyE>?�i-]�6JIXAH6B8a=@m>E^>?+Iw6"�<m>e �o?\FHijEki-ec6JIw?+^>?GY6JI{8ai-ec698<=@m~E�Y�?�Yu826BArYdYc=�U>ecm~U�m(Yci�?È?�EC�<m�Ek�B8a=@m~E ^>?�Y7iB]�?JE�8NAH?jI@Iw?GY�6JE>=SY�mk8<eam>U>=@?GY�?B8.;kiB8ai-ecm>F�i-Ekij= 8aiZY����1:=@E�fIXAH?jEk�J?!^>?ZY'�<m>e �o?kY ?B8T^G=K��?JE�Yc=zm�E�Y�^>?GY�i��-;�6JEZ8<=@I:IÉm~E�YtYuA�e�I(1w6jI 8ai-ec6B8a=@m>E�?ZYu8T6BArYqYc=�^~=NY��BA>8aiJ?��

Page 3: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

��� ������� .�������� ���6jI 8cYcM�6-Ek^%U(6�eu8<=@�BAHIw6-ecIK}�Ycm�^~={AH� YuAHIKU�;>698a?JM�6-ec? �>E>m���E#8am%p�?�6J��m�EGF%8<;k?���m�Yu8�^>?ZYu8<euAH�d8<=X]�?

6-F�?-E�8cY4=KE¤U�m~eamkArYyYu8<m>E>?�YcM��Jm~Ek�-ec?B8a?�m>e�p>ef=z��� ��?J698<;>?Jec=KE'F*����;>?J=Xe�Y<8NAH^k}2=SY�8<;ZArY�]~?-ef}+=@��U�m>eu8a6-EZ8�8<m�NA(I@IK}§AHE>^>?-edY<8a6JE>^)8<;k?j=©e!�-ef}(Y<8a6JIKIw=@g�6B8a=@m~E§U>ecm��J?ZYqY!=@E%UHm~eamGArY�Ek?B8 �ym~e �(Y!6-Ek^>M�=@E)8<;k?5�SA>8NA�ec?�M�8<m �u=@E�^.6�o6�}y8am�U>ec?B]~?-EZ8 mGe�I@=w��= 8�8<;>?J=Xe�^>6J��6-F�?`8am�U>m>efmGArY���6-8a?-ef=@6JINY���l!?��J?JEZ8tY<8NAH^G=@?ZY�6B8N8<ef= pGA>8a?�8<;>?4^>?J�J6-}�8am8<;>?vY�6JI{8T�-ef}(Yu8a6JI@I@=@gG698f=@m>E�U>ec?�YdYuA�e�?!m%����=@ec6-p�=:Iw={8a?:��6 b ������ u���Zn b ��fM>ec6d8<;>?-e�8<;k6-Ev8<;k?jEk6-ec^>={8a?:��6 b ������Sl`m�^Gef=XFGAH?-g�Qw��6-]�6�efecm�� [om�?-;>E>? ���>�>�>M#���J;>?-e�?-e���>�>�>My� Iw6B8w8 ���>����MyV`?-Ek6-]�?JEZ8a??98¤6jI � ���>����6�M�G8a?-=XF�?-e ���>�������!��;>=NY ^>6J��6-F�?7^>?-U(?JEk^�Y.m>EÈ8<;k? :ZA�6-E�8f={8<}Âm%�.Y�6JI{8§=@EÈ8<;>?/Yu8am>E>?76ZY ��?JI:I�6ZY§8<;>?�-;k6-ec6J�B8a?�e =wYu8a=@�GY�m��(8<;k?�U�m~eamkArYTE>?B8 �ym>e���f6|ec?B]�=@?�� �J6JE�p�?!�<mkA�Ek^�=@E#�G8a?-=XFH?-ecM����>�������

��;>=NY�Y<8NAH^k}o6J=:�#Y�8am�?B]~6JI{Ar698a?�pGAH=:Iw^~=@E>F§Yu8am>E>?�p�?J;�6-]�=@mGA�e�^ZA�ec=KE'F�6J���J?JI:?�ec6B8a?J^�6-F�?J=@EGF�M(6JEk^y8amA�E>^>?�edYu8a6-Ek^+;>m�� 8<;k?�U�m~eamkArY`E>?B8 �om~e �\=NY46A���a?J�B8a?�^+����;>?JE9�o?�6B8<;>?-ec=@EGF#��=@I:I�pH? :ZA�6JEZ8<=��f=w?J^.p>}"�a?��=@EZ8<ec=@E(Yc=w� U�6�ec6J��?98a?-edYÂ6-Ek^ ?-]�6JIXAH6B8a?J^ 8<;>6-E ��Y8am 6W��=w�-ecm(Yu8<euAH�d8NA�ec6-I�Y<8NAH^k} �.C ec?-]�=:?�� 6-p�mGA>8?ZY<8<=K��6B8a=@m>E.m�|^>6J��6�F�?���6JE%p�?5�<mGA�E>^[email protected]!?JEk6�]~?JEZ8a?�?98�6-I ������>���Gp�����57m(Yu8 m��|?���=SY<8f=@E'F ?GYu8<=@��6B8am~eqY?B]~6jIXAH6B8a? ��?�6B8<;>?-ec=@E>FC��= 8<; m>E>IK} m~Ek?ÈU�6-e�6j��?B8a?�e�����;>=NY Y<8NAH^k} U>ecm>U�m(Yc?ZY 8 �ym U�6Bec6���?98a?-edYcM�8<;>?6JI{8a?-ec698<=@m~E�=@E>^�?���uC! ���6JEk^y8<;k?!6JI{8a?-ec6B8<=zm~E�]�?JI@m��J={8<}�uC $��cMZ8Sm5:ZAH6-E�8<=��S} �o?�6B8<;>?�e =@E'F�M�6JE>^�6!��?B8<;>m�^18<mU>ec?B]�=w? � ;km � 8<;>?ZYq?#^>6J��6-F�?GY ��=wI:I�p~?%m>efF�6-E>=NY�?J^\=@E\8<;k?%Yu8am>E>?�� ��;>?#=KE�fIXAH?JE>�J?§m���8<;>?%Yc;�6�U�?#6jE�^^>=K��?JE�Yc=zm�E(Y�m���8<;k?vYc6J��U�Iw?kY�=NY�6JINYcm�^G=SY��BArY9Yc?�^+�

��� � ��� ���� �� � � � �'�"!���� ����#���

� ��� ���� ����=@Ek?\Yu8am>E>?ZY �Necm>� ^~=����a?-ec?JE�84IK= 8<;>m�I@m>F�=@?GY�;>6-]~?)pH?J?JE\ArY�?J^+=@E\8<;>=NY�Y<8NAH^Z}�$ �<mkA�eyIK=w��?kY<8am~Ek?ZY

6-Ek^ �<=X]H?�Y�6JE>^�Yu8am>E>?�Y���� ;k? �<mkA�e|I@=@��?GY<8am~Ek?ZY|�Jm>��? �Nedm>� 8<;k?1RT6-ec=:Yc=w6jE�V`6ZYc=@E*����;Gec?J?ym���8<;k?j� 6-e�?�m��IXA>8a?B8<=@6JE�6-F�?�$Z8<;>?&%-ecm��-;k?&�u=@E�?(')S�r���cMk8<;k?�%�ecm���;>?&�Nec6JE��-;k?('*Sl|����6JE>^o8<;k?�%JI@=w6J=SY#')S�������>��;>?ZY�?`8<;'ec?J?I:=w��?ZYu8am>E>?ZY`;>6-]H?�;>=@F�;§U�m~e�m�Ya={8u}2�Jm��yU�6-ec?J^)8am#8<;>?�mG8N;k?-e�Yu8am>E>?�Y!=@E%8<;>=NY�Yu8NAH^G}+uec?ZYaU�?��B8<=X]H?jI@} ���+� ��M�J��X�y6-E>^.�,�*�-��./���j�(� =:Y�6!^>?B8<ea={8f=z�1I@=:��?GYu8am>E>?���6J^>?!m�� ��6JIw�j= 8a?f�>��./��6-Ek^ :ZAH6�eS8<g&-����./���A N8cY�8a?�E�Yc=@IN?Yu8<e�?-EGFG8<;�=NY�]�?-ef}�I@m��0-� �X�!5+RT61���Jl�� 6JE>^����76-e�?�8 ��m�p�mGA�E>^�Yu8am>E>?�Y��Jm���U�m(Yc?�^op>}���m>ec?�8<;>6JE��>��.m����J6JIw�J={8a?JM ��= 8f; 8<ec6J��?ZY�m��7=Xecm>E m ��=w^>?GY��#��;>?-} 6jINY�m �Jm~E�8a6J=KE Y�m���? ��6J�-ecm��<m�YqYc=:INY2up�=z]H6JIX]H?GYcMF�6ZY<8a?-efm>U>m�^�Y���ec?ZYaU�m~E�Yc=Xp�I:?4m%�T6jE#;k?B8a?-eam~F�?�E>?JmGArY�6ZYfU�?��B8��'� ;k?vmZ8<;k?-etI@=:��?GYu8am>E>?4=:Y�m%��p�6-e<8am~E>=@6JE�6-FH?�$8<;>?*%9R�=w?-efe�?�^>?���mkA�U>U�?�Y�'�d�G���cMr6�]�6-ec=w?B8N}§m��8<;>?3%�s�6JI@��6j=@ec?�^>?�s�;k6B8a?J6BAHQN��6jEk^>m~E4'��� u8�=:Y; <A�Y<8t��6�^�?m�����6jIw�J={8a?�� N8cY�U>m>efm(Yf= 8u}�=NY�I@m��05�*� ��.6��6-E>^�={8cY 8a?-E�Yc=@Iw?oY<8<ec?-E'FG8<;�;>=XF�;� �� ��5+RT61���

Page 4: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

�;��m Y�6-E>^�Y<8am~Ek?ZY#6�ec?2� m>EZ8a6J=@E>?-p�Iw?J6BA Y�6jEk^�Yu8am>E>?ZY f�vI@=@F�m��J?-E>? ���|� ;k?GYc?28 �om ]�6-ea=:?98<=:?�Y#6-eq?�J6JI@Iw?J^ ;�6-ec^ Snv� �.6JE>^ Ycm%�:8 d�G������� ;k?-} 6�ec? ��m���UHm�Y�?J^ m��#��m>ec? 8<;k6-EÂ�>��. m�� :ZA�6-eu8<g ����;>?J=XeU�m>efm(Yf={8<}26-ec?#I@m � <ec?ZYfU�?��B8f=X]~?jI@} �*�N��6jEk^+��z��.+������;>?#��6J=KE�^>=����f?�ec?JE>�J?)p~?B8 �o?J?-E%8<;k?�8 �om\=:Y!8<;k?j=@e8a?-E�Yc=KIw?�Yu8<e�?-EGFG8<; $~]�?-ef}§;>=XF�;9�<m>e�n4� �� �G5+RT61� 6jEk^�]H?�e�}�I@m�� �<m~e`�k� -� �X��5+RT61������;>?18<;'ec?J?�mG8<;>?-eqYYc6JEk^�Yu8am>E>?ZY�6-e�?y8<;'ec?J?�I@6-}�?-ec?�^\Yc6JE>^�Y<8am~Ek?ZY $(m>E>? �Necm�� s ;>=@E�6�$~8<;k?&��;>={8a?)Y�6JE>^�Yu8am>E>?�fs!��� � 6jEk^�8 �om�Necm�� Ek^~=w6�$G8<;>?�F>ec?J?JE§Yq6jEk^�Yu8am>E>?*($����|6-Ek^�8<;>?�p>ecm �yE.Yc6JE>^�Y<8am~Ek?*S5Ê� ������;>?!��;>={8a?�Yc6JE>^(Yu8Sm~Ek?�=uY�Jm>��U�m(Yc?J^.m��|��m>ec?o8<;k6-E.�>��. m��?:ZAH6-eu8<g��r��;>?�8 �ym%mZ8<;k?-edY`6-ec?�6JI:Y�m �Jm~�yU�m�Y�?J^.��m�Y<8fIX}¤m%�?:ZAH6-eu8<g�MpGA>8 �Jm>EZ8a6-=@E%Y�m���?��JIw6-}5��;>=w�J;�F�=X]H?18<;k?1FH?JE>?-e�6jI��Jm�I@mGA�etm���8<;k?vecm����*�GC4I@I�8f;'ec?J?�Y�6JE>^�Yu8am>E>?�Y�U>e�?kY�?JEZ86�]�?�e�}2;>=KF�;#8a?-E(Yc=@I:?%Y<8<ec?-E'FG8<;/��+�N��M��J�� �.6-Ek^���+�{�#5+RT61�!6JEk^2Izm � U�m>ecm�Ya={8<} ��*���>M �*�X�§6-Ek^ �*� ��./���s|m~�yU�Iw?B8a?�;G}~^Gecm~��?J�J;k6jE>=w��U>ecm>U�?-eN8<=@?ZY�m��8<;k?ZYc?�E>=@E�?�Yc?J^>=@��?jE�8a6-ef}�e�m����(Y 6-ec?�F>=X]�?JE�=@Ev8a6Bp�Iw?�� �

��;>?��Z6�U�=@I:Iw6-ef}���m�?A�(�u=w�J=w?jE�8�s =SY�8<;>?%Ycm>efUG8<=X]�={8<} ?��kU>ec?GYdYc?�^\[email protected]��"f��b��zYPL� b����r� ;k?�?-]H6-U�m>ec6d8<=@m�E�Jm�?��(�f=w�j=w?JEZ8#� =:Y26jINY�m ?��>U>e�?ZYdYq?J^ =@E F�� �� b �XY L� b �cM�6-E>^ ��m~efe�?ZYfU�m>E>^�Y§8<mÈ8<;>?/YcI@m~U�?�m���8<;k?�BA�ef]�?ec?-U>e�?ZYc?-E�8f=@E'F�8<;>? �o?j=@F�;Z8�I@m(YdY�6ZY�6&�NAHE>�B8a=@m>E�m���8<;k?�Y�:ZAH6-ec?!ecm>mZ8 m���8a=@��?��>��;>=SY�U�6-e�6j��?B8a?�et=:Y�ec?JIw6B8a?J^8<m8<;>?7^~=��(�SArYc=X]H?�U�6-eu8)m���?�]~6-U�m>ec6P8<=zm~E Y�?Z��m~Ek^ Yu8a6�F�?1�cM�^ZA�ef=@E'F ��;>=w�J;8<;>?7? �'8a?-efEk6jIo�Jm~Ek^~= 8f=@m>E(YS8a?-�yU�?-ec6B8NA�ec?�MGec?-I@6B8a=X]�?!;ZAH��=:^>={8<}�m>e;��=@E>^���;k6-]�?!E>m�=@E��fIXAH?JE>��?Sn�6J����?�����?-e!���>�>�����

����� � � �5!� � ��;��m7? �kU�?-ec=K��?JEZ8cY�;�6-]~?¤pH?�?jE�U�?�e �<m>ec��?J^>M�6J�J�Jm>ec^G=@E>Fh8Sm\8<;>?%�T� �������>�ÊYN8a6-Ek^>6-ec^76Bp�mGA>8

Yu8Sm~Ek?�ec?ZYc=NYu8a6JEk�J?�8am+�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�698f=@m>E m%�4Yc6JI{8cYy=KE U�m>ec?ZY�����;>?-} ^~=����a?-e4=@E28<;k?2Yc=@g�?§6JE>^�Yc;>6-U�?§m��|8<;>?Yc6J��U�I:?�Y�6JE>^�=@Ev8<;k?�EZAH��pH?-e�m�� �-}��JIw?ZY��G��;>?-}�6-e�?!�JmG��U�m�Y�?J^�m�� �-}��JIw?ZY;��;>=w�J;�I@6GYu8����>;�$Q;��;>mGA>edYTm���=@����?-edYc=zm�E�=KEo6vYc6B8NA�ec698a?J^�Yfm>I{A>8a=@m>E&��={8<;�ec?ZYaU�?J�B8(8Sm�Yfm�^G={AH�WY<A(I<�f698a?-�,� �!8@�(./� �Q��J�4;>mGA>edYTm���^Gef}k=KE>F�6B8������ �qs =@E�m~e�^>?-e�8SmoU>e�?B]�?-E�8 ��=Xeq6-p�=@I:={8a?!�-ef}HYu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E�^ZA�ec=KE'F�^Ge�}k=@E>F�m��(8<;>?Yc6J��U�I:?�Y�S� =@F*���,� �Q �;>mGA�edY§m����Jm�m>I@=@E>F 698�e�m>m~� 8a?J��U�?-e�6B8NA�ec? ����>Q���� �ds|M4�>�>Q5����. ec?JI@6B8a=X]�?�;ZAH��=w^~= 8u}l�n*������;>?Yc6J��U�I:?�Y;��?�ec? ��?J=XF�;�?J^�6A�:8a?-e ��;>mGA>edY ^ZA�ef=@EGF�8<;>=:YtY<8a6-F�?��

��;>? �<=Xe9Yu8�8a?�Yu8���m>E>�J?-eaE(Y����������§�J���|�BA>pH?�Y���={8<;�8 ��m#Yc6J��U�Iw?ZY�U�?-e�8N}'U�?�m��tYu8am>E>?*��J���BA>p�?GY=@E�8amZ8a6-I ������;>?18a?�YS8�;k6ZY�pH?�?jE�euA�E �<m>e|�>�#�-}>�JIw?GY��� fE�8<;>?�Y�?J�Jm>E>^�8a?ZY<8<Mr�B}>Iw=@E�^>?-edY|m� �*�z���J� ^>=w6J��?98a?-e6-Ek^ �*�X���j� ;>?J=@F�;�8��o?-ec?vArY�?J^+�����ym\Y�6-��U�Iw?kY�m���?J6J�J;.Yu8am>E>?&�o?-ec?vArYc?J^ �<m>e�6JI@I�Y<8am~Ek?ZY�? �~�J?-UG8���� ��Yc6J��U�I:?GY��cM��G� "� Yc6J��U�Iw?GY��y6jEk^�� � -�%Y�6j��U�Iw?1�cM 8<;k6B8!=:Y ��� ��}�Iw=@E�^>?-edY��r57m(Yu8`m��|8<;>?.Yq6J��U�Iw?GYYuA �(�f?-e�?J^.�J���-}k�JIw?kY ? �H�J?-UG8 m>E>?vY�6J��U�Iw?!m%�(�(� 6JE>^�m>E�?!m��(l|� -�>���-}>�JIw?ZY����

Page 5: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

������������ ������������������� �!���"�����"#���%$&!��(')��*+$,���-'%$/.���!&���0'1$,�� #�('

243,5�687��9�:�;<�#��'��=��!���>������?��*@��!/�A�CB#!�D�!E$,�GFH��*,$,���JI�D&�K$&$�L�M�M�L�N�����$&�O*%�����QP-���(���CRTS�U�L�V�W

porosity absorption bulk density

evaporation coef.

capillary coef.

mean pore

radius

P wave velocity

tensile strength

% % g/cm3 g/m2/s1/2 g/m2/s1/2 µm m/s MPa

liais (St Maximin) LL 14,4 58,2 2,3 26,7 32,25 0,444 4879 4,2 roche franche (St Maximin) RL 18,5 59,7 2,2 40,7 37,55 4,710 4645 3,0

roche fine (St Maximin) FL 37,2 75,9 1,7 66,9 1106,1 12,004 2898 1,5 pierre de Souppes SL 4,2 55,0 2,57 8,0 1,47 0,082 6249 5,2

hard Fontainebleau HF 4,1 29,0 2,54 15,4 6,39 2,866 3903 5,2 soft Fontainebleau SF 5,5 48,2 2,5 12,6 40,12 3,761 1514 1,5

white CS 2,6 94,2 2,6 6,4 5,45 0,310 3329 6,1 green VS 4,5 88,3 2,54 12,3 5,81 0,047 4598 15,0

brown MS 4,7 81,5 2,53 10,5 3,86 0,034 5115 16,0

Page 6: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

� , �;�*. �(��#���

� . � ��� � � �2 � ��� � ����& @��� ��&���#� �

�#���#��� , ���#� �;� � � �(&����� � �������;� . �(�� m>e7?J6J��; Yc6J��U�Iw?JM#ec?ZY<A(I 8cY76-ec? U>I@mG8:8a?�^ =©E ^~=w6-F>e�6j�#YYc;km �o=KE'F Ekm~ef�o6jIw=NYq?J^C��?J=@F�;�8 ](Y

EZAH��pH?-e|m����-}��JIw?kY���� ;'ec?J?vec?�U>ec?ZYc?�EZ8a6B8<=X]�?y? �~6J��U�Iw?GY|m���8<;>m(Yc?vF>ec6�U>;�Y|6�ec?vU>ec?ZY�?JEZ8a?J^�m~E �<=@FGA�ec?ZY ��6�M�Gp�6JE>^ ��� �~C4I:I�8<;>?�Yc6J��U�Iw?GY|Yc;>m�� 8<;>?�Yc6J��?v?-]�m�I{A>8f=wm>E�6ZY�6&�:A(E��98<=@m~E�m%�r8f=@��?��� <8��J6-E�p~?v^>?GYc��e =XpH?J^=@Ev8 �om�m>e(8<;Gec?�?vYu8a6-F�?ZYr8<;>698�69ec?�$

Q�YN8a6-F�? $��o?j=©F�;�8�=@Ek�-ec?J6GYc?!^ZAH?�8Sm�Yc6JI{8�YuA�U>U�IX} �Q�Yu8a6�F�? cYfm>��?B8a=@��?kY�=@E�?���=SY<8a?-EZ8aM�Yu8a6-eN8cY�6A�:8a?-e�8<;k? �<=:edY<8�]�=NYuAH6JIT^>6j��6-F�? � $���?J=@F�;Z8�]�6-ec=w6B8a=@m�E

^>?-U�?-Ek^~=@E>F¤m~E§6��Jm���U�?B8a={8f=zm~E�p~?B8 ��?�?jE.Y�6JI{8�Y<A�U>U�I@}¤6JE>^.Yu8am>E>?�^>6J��6-F�?�� u8|��6-E�p�?�?J={8a;>?-e�6&��?J=@F�;Z8=@E��-ec?J6GY�?!m~eT^>?J�-ec?J6�Yc? �

QtYu8a6-F�?! � � $ �o?J=XF�;Z8�^>?��-ec?J6ZY�?vp�?J�J69A�Y�?�Yc6JI{8 A�UG8a6���?1p�?��Jm>��?GYtEk?-F�I:=@F�=XpHIw?��Jm���U�6�ec?J^o8am%Y<8<m>E>?^>6J��6-F�?��

243,5 6 7�������:����%����D�!����� �-��!�>���$+���#��D/.�$,!��� ��.���! �>-$&�#����M � �#��D�� 'OFH*A!�� '%$#$,�('%$,W+��*@������'����9"�D���:

Page 7: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

243H5 687������4:�����%����D ! (�����-��!�>���$����#��D/.�$,!��� ���.��%! #>-$��#� ��M � ����D�� 'OFH*A!�� '%$#$,�('%$,W+��*@����I ' ���9"�D���:

243H5 687���� � :��(���9��D ! (��� �-��!�>���$�������D/.�$,!��� 9��.��%! #>-$��#� ��M9� �#��D���'OF�*A!�� ' $�$,�(' $,W8��*4�=I�� ' ���9"#D&��:

�#������� ! �9� ��5� �!�,��� � �4� � �����;>?.6JI{8a?�ec6B8<=@m>E�=@E�^>? � fC! � C4EGF�?JI:=�?B8y6JI � ���>� ����=:Y�^>?A�<=KE�?�^�6ZYv8<;k?2E�A(��pH?-eom���8<;k?.�-}��JIN?

^ZA�ec=@EGF ��;>=w�J; 8<;k? �<=@edYu8 ]�=NYc=Xp(Iw? ^>6J��6-F�? m����BA�edY f��6Bp�I@? ��������;>=NY7^>6J��6�F�?JM �y;>=w�J;W=NY �f=Xe9Y<8<IK}?ZY<8<;>?B8<=w�J6JI@M.��6-} =:��U�IX} 6 �J;�6JEGF�? m���U�;G}HYc=:��6JI§U>edm>U�?-eN8<=@?ZY�M.6JE>^W;�6�U>U�?jE�Y�8<;>?C�<=@edYu8�8<=K��? 8<;>?�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E�U>ec?GYdY<A�ec?!=SY�;>=@F�;�?JEkmkA�F>;v8am�6-I{8a?-e�8<;k?vYu8Sm~Ek?��ZC! �^>?�U�?jEk^�Y m~E>I@}�m~E ��6B8a?�e��j=©ec�BAHI:698f=@m>EU�m(YdYc=Xp�=:I@={8<}�M�6jEk^ m>E7��?��j;k6JE>=:��6jI4Yu8<ec?�EGFG8<; S8<;k?¤8a?�E�Yc=:Iw?+Yu8<e�?-EGFG8<;kM?�y;>=:�J;7?-]H6JI{A�6B8a?ZY�8<;>? �Jm>;>?�Yc=@m�E

Page 8: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

p�?98 ��?J?JEv8<;k?�F>ec6J=@E�Y����ZC4�J��m~ec^>=@EGF�8<m�C! cM>={8 =:Y�U�m(YdYc=Xp(Iw?�8Sm��-I@6GYqYc=3�u}48<;>?!E>=@E�?vYu8NAH^>=@?J^�ecm����(Y�=@EZ8amv8<;Ge�?J?�J6B8a?�F>m>ef=@?GY $Q�;>=XF�;�C! �-����6-E>^���m>ec?!=KEo? �>UH?-ec=@��?JE�8���M�����6-Ek^���m>ec?�=@E�?��>U�?�e =w��?jE�8���� $~�G��MZn4� MG5/� �Q���?J^>=XA(� C! �-���v8<m.�J�4=@E�? �kU�?-ec=:��?JEZ8���M���8<m���=@E�? �kU�?-ec=:��?JEZ8���� $-����Mkl|��M�s1��M�$�� �Q�I@m�� C! �SA�U48<m��4=KEo? �>UH?-ec=@��?JE�8���MGA�U!8<m)�`=KEo? �kU�?-ec=@��?JE�8;��� $��(��Mr�G�'�

C! y^>m�?�Y�E>mG8!e�?-UGec?�Yc?-E�84? �H6J�98fIX} 8<;>?\Y<8<m>E>?#ec?ZYc=NYu8a6JEk�Z?�8<m Y�6JI{84�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g'6B8<=@m>E>M|Yc=KE���?.Ycm���?Yu8Sm~Ek?��J6-E#U>ec?ZYq?JE�8�]�=:Y<Ar6JI ^>6J��6-F(?�ec6�U�=@^>IK})6JE>^§6jI 8a?-e!YcI@m �oIz}¤6A�:8a?-e(��6-e�^�Y f?���F*��$�� �y={8<;#ec?JI@6B8a=X]�?JI:}I@m�� C! §�Jm>��UH6-ec?J^�8amÊ= 8cY#6J�98NAH6jI`^ZA�ec6-p�=:Iw={8u}4���|�4E 8N;k?�m~U>U�m(Yf={8a?�MvYcm>��? Yu8am>E>?ZY��J6JE Y�?J?J� ed698<;>?-eec?ZYc=NY<8a6-EZ8T6B8*�<=@edYu8aM>;>69]H?�E>mo]�=NYfAH6JIH^>6j��6-F�?!^ZA�ec=@EGF=�f?�� ��}k�JIw?GYcM�6-E>^v8<;>?JEv8amZ8a6�IKI@}�p>ec?J6���^>m��yE�=@E���m>e���-}>�JIw?ZY�a?��ZF*�'s!�&��= 8<;�ec?JIw6B8<=X]H?jI@}�;>=@F�;�C! ��Jm>��U�6-e�?Z^!8<m�= 8cY�^ZA�ec6Bp�=@I:= 8u}����G��;>=NY�mGp(Yc?�eu]H6B8<=@m>E�I:?�6J^�Y 8<m8<;>?�=@E�8<ecm�^ZAH�d8<=@m>E�m���8<;k?!�Jm>E>�J?-UG8�m�� 6JI{8a?-ec698<=@m~E4]H?jIzm��J={8<}�fC!$&���

Experience 1 (cubes) Experience 2 (cylinders)

Alteration Index

Alteration Velocity Alteration

Index Alteration Velocity

liais LL L7 19 1,33 L3 8 0,19 L8 13 1,93 L4 9 0,25

roche franche RL R7 17 3,78 R3 7 4,32 R8 11 3,62 R4 7 2,80

roche fine FL F7 3 1,81 F1 3 8,25 F8 3 2,40 F3 3 9,52 F4 3 8,58 F5 4 8,14

F6 3 9,18 pierre de Souppes

SL S1 19 0,07 S2 13 0,10 S2 20 0,13 S3 12 0,05

grès dur HF D1 19 0,06 D2 12 0,46 D2 19 0,10 D3 10 0,12

grès tendre SF T1 6 4,02 T1 2 43,90 T2 5 10,93 T4 2 29,71 T5 2 32,77 T6 3 31,63

white sandstone CS C1 15 5,94 C3 9 5,81 C2 13 8,10

green sandstone VS V1 16 0,30 V2 9 0,68 V2 17 0,34 V3 9 0,59

brown sandstone MS M1 23 0,16 M1 12 0,17

M2 23 0,16 M3 11 0,30

��������� ��:��-DE$,���%��$�!&�� 9!/ ������ �� ����DE$,���%��$&!��� ��#��D�����!/$&� *����4$���� $H��'%$,����'����0"�D��('

Page 9: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

�#����� ��� ! �9� ��5� �!�,��� ��� � #�0���������;>?.6JI{8a?�ec6B8a=@m~E+]~?JI@m��J={8<} fC!$&��=SY�=@EZ8<ecm�^ZAH�J?J^\8Sm ?9]�6JI{AH6B8a?)8<;k?%U>ecm��J?ZYqY�m%� �o?J6B8<;�?-ec=@EGF7=:E

I@m�E'F�?-e�8a?-ef� 8<;>6JE�C! ���57m(Yu8<IX}kM�=@E�A�Y<AH6jI��j;k6-ec6J�98a?-ec=Xg�6B8<=@m�E�m��2��?J6B8<;>?�e =@E'F�M(m~E>I@}�8<;>?4^Ge�} ��?J=@F�;�8�I@m(YdYm���Yq6J��U�Iw?ZY`6B8 6��J?-eu8a6-=@E Yu8a6-F�?�=NY�ArY�?J^/S�T� �������>�����GV|A>8�8<;k?�ec?ZYuAHI{8cY`�J6JE)p~?�]�?-ef}¤^>=����f?�ec?JEZ8|=���8<;�?? �kU�?-ec=:��?JEZ8�=wY�Y<8<m>U>U�?J^�6��:8a?-e!����m>e;�����-}>�JIw?ZY��GC!$ =NY ArY�?J^v8<m�?B]�6JIXAH6B8a?�8<;>?!I@m>EGF�8a?-ef� p�?J;�6-]�=@mGA�e�m��8<;>?�Y<8am~Ek?�=@E>^>?-U�?JEk^>?jE�8fIX}¤m%��8<;>?�EZAH��pH?-e�m%�t�-}~�jIw?GY��+ <8t=:Yt8<;k?5�u=@E�6JI�]H6JI{A�?�m���8<;k?�^>?�e =X]H6B8a=X]�?�m%��8<;>?�NA(Ek�B8f=zm~E#ec?�U>ec?ZYc?JE�8<=KE'F)8<;k?�Ekm~ef��6JI@=NYq?J^ �o?J=@F�;�8|6ZY�6 �NA�E>�B8a=@m>E§m���8<;>?�EZAH��pH?-e�m����-}��JIw?ZY f��6Bp�Iw? �������;>?�E>=@E�?vYu8am>E>?ZY �J6JE�6JISY�mop~?!�jIz6kYqYc=3�<=w?Z^vp>}�8<;k?J=Xe�C!$ $Q�I@m�� C!$ SA�Uv8<m ��.9�o?-=XF�;Z8��S��}k�JIw? �<m>e�p�mG8<;�? �kU�?-ec=@�#?-E�8cY�� $��G��MGnv��M�$��>MG5/� �Q���?J^>=XA(� C $�-��8Sm)�!=@E�?��kU�?-ec=K��?JEZ8���M�� 8Sm\���v=@E�?���U�?-ec=@��?JEZ8���� $-����Mkl|��MG�(� �Q�;>=XF�;�C!$� �y6-Ek^���m>ec?�=@E�?��>U�?-ec=@��?JEZ8���M ���y6-E>^���m~e�?�=KEo? �kU�?-ec=:��?JEZ8���� $>�G� M�s!�+�

u8�=NY�=@��U�m>eu8a6-EZ8�8<m+E>mZ8<=z�J?�8<;k6B8�8<;k?%�JI@6�Y9Yc= �a=:��6B8f=zm~E�=SYo^~=��(�f?�ec?JEZ8!�<m>e4C! �6JE>^ C!$_=@E�^>=w�J6B8a=KE>F8<;>698%8<;k?ZYc?8 ��m U�6-ec6J��?98a?-edY 6-ec? =@E�^>?-U�?JE>^>?JEZ88�Necm>� ?�6J�J; mG8<;>?�e�� S8 YuA�F>F�?ZY<8cY\8<;k6B8.8<;>?�Yc?Ê8 �omU�6-ec6J��?98a?-edY��vArYu8rp~?�ArYc?J^v8<m>F�?d8<;>?-e�=@E�m>ec^>?-er8<m�?B]�6JIXA�6B8a?���m>ec?!6J�J�BA�e�6P8a?-IX}�8<;k?!6-F�?J=@E>F�m��(8<;>?vY<8<m>E>?��

���

� �"� �%!� ��� � �# ���"� � �C ��6-ec?A�SAHI�mGprYc?�e�]~6B8a=@m~E¤m���Yc6J��U�Iw?GY|8<;GecmGA�F>; �o?J6B8<;k?Je =@E'F �-}��JIw?ZY!6JIwI@m � 8am.^G=NY<8f=@EGFGAH=NYc;)8 �om

^>= �(�a?-ec?JEZ8`�J6B8a?�F>m>ef=@?ZY4m��6JI{8a?�ec6B8<=@m>E.U�6B8N8a?9efE�Y���� =@FGA�ec?#�+Yf;km ��Y�8<;'ec?J?#? �~6j��U�Iw?kY1m��t8<;>?�Yc?#6JI{8a?-ec698f=@m>EU�6B8w8a?-efE�Y�����;>? Yc=©g�?�m���8<;k?+U�=w�B8NA�ec?�Y#=NY �*�X�'�j� ���*�z�'����M`8<;k?�m~ea=XF�=@E�6JI�Yc=Kgj?�m���8<;>? Y�6J��U�Iw?GY�p�?J=@E�F���J� �����J� �

���#����� � /������'���;� ����� � ���@� � u8�=wY|U�m�YqYc=zpHIw?v8<m.?B]~6JI{AH6B8a?v8<;>?�ec?-FGA�Iz6-ec={8u})m%��8<;>?&��?�6�8<;k?-ec=@EGF¤m���6�Yc?B8�m���Y�6J��U�Iw?ZY��Necm�� 8<;>?

Yc6J��?�8N}'U�?#m%�!Yu8am>E>?����>m>��?%Yu8am>E>?�Y!U>ec?ZY�?jE�8`6�ec?-FGA�I@6Je �o?J6B8<;>?�ef=@EGF�MtYu8a6-eu8<=©EGF ��={8a;%8<;>?�U>e�m~F>ec?�YdYc=X]�?Yc��m�mZ8<;>=@EGF§m����Jm~eaE>?-edY 6JE>^#?J^GF�?ZY���� ;>=NY�8<}'U�?�m%�;�o?J6-8<;>?-ec=@EGF§=NYtec?�F�6-ec^>?J^#6ZY�;>m��om~F�?-Ek?JmGArYcM%��;>=w�J;��?J6JE(Y�={8y=SYyec?-FGAHIw6-e �<m~e�m>E>? Yc6J��U�I:? 6JE>^�6�U>U>ecm ��=w��6B8a?JIz}�8<;>?+Yc6J��? �Necm�� 6+Y�6j��U�Iw?)8am 6�E>mZ8<;>?�e��� =@FGA�ec? �>62F�=X]�?GY�6.F�m>m�^7? �~6j�yU�Iw? m��!8<;>=NY�6JI{8a?-ec6B8a=@m>E �<m>e�8<;>?%�(����� ;k? Y<8am~Ek?ZY �y;>=:�J;�U>ec?�Yc?JEZ8o6;>m���m~F�?�E>?JmGArY�p�?J;�6-]�=@mGA�e�6-ec?��(��Mr�G� 6-E>^vn4�'�

�!E�8<;>?4mk8<;k?-e�;k6JE>^>M�Y�m~��?�Yu8am>E>?ZY�U>ec?ZY�?JEZ8�]~6-ec=@mGArYt6JI{8�?-ec698<=@m~E�p�?J;>6-]�=@mGA�edYB�Necm�� m~Ek?oYq6J��U�Iw?8<m�6-E>mZ8<;k?-e'�Necm�� 8<;>?�Yc6J��?�8N}GUH?!m%�recm�����M�?B]�?JE �ue�m�� m>E>?�gjm~Ek?�8am�6-Ekmk8<;k?-e�=@E�6�Yc=@E>F�Iw?�Yc6J��U�Iw?��'��;>=uY=NY ^ZAH? 8am U>ec?�Qf? ��=NY<8a?-EZ8/;k?B8a?-ecm>F�?-Ek?j= 8f=@?GY =@E_8<;k? ecm����+� ��;>?ZY�? ;>?B8a?�ecm~F�?�E>?J={8a=@?GY 6J�98Â6ZY I@m��J6�I

Page 10: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

�o?J6��>E�?ZY9Y�?ZYcM(6JEk^�8<;ZArY�^~=<���a?-ec?JEZ8<=w6JI%�o?J6B8<;>?�e =@E>F��Z6JE�m��J�9A�e��G��;>?�Yc? �o?J6���E>?GYdY�?GYt��6JE�p~?�mGp>]�=@mkArY f? �F*�%�<m(YdYc=@INY�=KE#l|�/m>e������|m>et;>=w^>^>?JE6f?��>F*�G]�?-ef}¤�Jm���U�?98a?-EZ8�g�m>E>?�=@E �G� M�� =@F*���kp������ ;k?-}¤�J6JE§?j= 8<;>?-e�Jm>E�Y�m�I@=@^�698a?�m>e �o?J6���?-E%8<;k?%Yc6J��U�Iw?��(� m>e!=@E�Yu8a6�E>��?JM�65�<m�YqYc=:I��-ec?J6B8a?�Y46 ��?�6�� g�m~Ek?#6-E>^9�y;>?JE%8<;>=NYg�m>E>?1pkec?J6��rYcM�8<;k?�?-EZ8a=Xec? �<m(YdYc=wI���6jE �a6JI:I 6B8 m~Ek�J?JMr?B]�?JE#=���8<;>? �<m�Y9Yc=@I ={8dY�?JI ��=SY|Ekmk8�6�I{8a?-ec?J^+����;>?�Y<8<m>E>?��={8<;o6�;>?B8a?-e�m~F�?-Ek?JmGArY�^>?J�J6-}o6-ec?�����MGl�� 6JE>^#�G�'�

������ � �)�����(� � � ���;>?�Y�?��Jm~Ek^�8u}'U�?�m���6jI 8a?-ec6B8<=@m>E�U�698N8a?-efE#��m~Ek�J?-efE(Y 6jE>=<YcmZ8<eam~UG} �� u8���?�6jE(Y�8<;>6B8�6JI{8a?�ec6B8<=@m>E#;>6GY

6 �<6-]~mkA�ec={8a?�^>=Xec?J�B8a=@m>E �<m>e�6�Y<8am~Ek?3N��=@F*�H�>�1���(C4E>=SY�mk8<eam>UG}§=SY`6JE.=@EZ8<ec=@E�Yc=w��U>e�m~U�?-eN8N}¤m���8<;>?���698a?-ec=@6JI6-Ek^�=3��= 8�?���=NYu8cYcM�={8T�Jm~E�8<efm>I:Y�8<;�?!6JE>=NYcmG8<eam~UG}om%� ^>?J��6-}+��� mkA�e�^>=����a?-ec?JE�8�m>ef=XF�=@E(Y���6JEop~?1=w^>?JEZ8a=��f=w?J^�$j8<;�?F>ec6J=@E�Y f��=@E�?-e�6jI���m���U�m(Yc={8f=zm~E¤^ZAH?o8Sm Y�?J^>=K��?JEZ8a698<=@m~E�M�Ya;>6-U�?�Y!6JE>^¤m~ec=@?JEZ8a698<=@m~E4�cM�8<;k?�U�m>ec?ZY Yf;k6-U�?JMm>ef=@?JEZ8a6B8<=zm~E4�cMv8<;>?9 cm�=KE�8cY 6JE>^È8<;k? �Nec6J�B8NA�ec?�Y��4� ;>=NY U>ec?�^~=:YaU�m�Yc= 8f=@m>E �o=:I:I�=@E��fIXAH?jE���?h8<;>?^>?��J6-} =KEYc?-]~?-ec6JI���6-}(Y $��<m~eo? ��6J��U�Iw?JM|I@6-}�?-e9Y48<;>6B8y��m~E�8a6-=@E�;G}>F>ecm(Yc��m~U>=@�¤�jIw6-}(Y���6jE �J6BArYq?.^>6J��6-F�?.^ZA�ec=@EGF=:��pH=Xp(={8a=@m>E>M�I:?�YdY ��m���U�?B8a?-E�8.Iz6�}~?-edY2�J6JE p�?^>6J��6-FH?J^ ?J6ZYc=w?-e%p>} Yc6JI{8¤�-ef}HYu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E U>ec?ZYqYuA�ec?�M�-ec6����(Y��J6JE§6J�B8 6ZY�6�Izm���6JI@=SYq698f=@m>E§m��|�-ef}(Y<8a6jI@Iw=Kgj6B8f=zm~E¤6-E>^�8<;ZA Y�m��t^>6J��6JF�?

���;>?#Yu8am>E>?ZY��Necm�� 8<;>=NY

Yu8NAH^Z} ��;>=w�J;�U>ec?ZY�?JEZ8T6-E>=NYcmG8Neam~UG}o=KE48<;>?!^>?J�J6-}�6�ec?!sv��M�$���6-Ek^v5/�*�

243,5�687�������: �����9"�D��=��*8I �T��*,$,����S�� � �#��D��('���#������>��� �����.<'+B#���#� �#!���.#�C:

243,5�687������4: �����9"�D��=��* ��I ��*,$,����S�� � ����D��('���#�C$,�C����>��� #����.�'8B#����� �#!���.��C:

Page 11: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

243,5�687���� � : �����"#D�����* ��� ��*,$,����S��� ����D���'����� �!,'���$,����"�!��OB#���#� �#!/��.�� �

� �

� �)� � .��%� ��� �� �#���

� ! � �*�( ��;� ����� � �� �� ��!��� � �� � � �

��;>?7^ZA�ec6B8a=@m>E 6JEk^ =w��U�m>eN8a6-E>�J?7m%��8<;>?h8<;'ec?J?ÈY<8a6-F�?ZY¤m%�#6��Z��?jIw?-e�6B8a?J^ 6�F�?j=@E>F � cM& � �M& � � "�^>?-U�?-Ek^�m>E�8<;>?v��=:��ecm�Y<8<euAH�d8NA�ec?!m��r8<;>?�Yu8am>E>?���[vA�ef=@E'F.Yu8a6-F�?! cM��o?-=XF�;Z8�=@E>��ec?J6ZYq?4^>?-U�?JE>^(Yt��6J=@E>IK}�m�E8<;>?��-;>6�ec6J�B8a?-ec=:Y<8f=z�kY`m���8<;>?�U�m~ecmGArY�E>?B8 �ym>e��+uU>m>efm(Yf= 8N}>M�U�m>ec?#Yc=Xg'?�^>=SY<8<ef=XpGA>8a=@m>E

����r��;>?�U>ecm���?ZYdY`m��

�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E�=@E�U�m~e�?ZY|Yu8a6-eN8cY�^ZA�ef=@EGF�8<;k?v?9]H6-U�m~e�6P8<=@m>E+�'C�8 �<=KeqYu8aM(6-I@I�8<;k?1U�m>ec?ZY�8<;k6B8T�J6-E�p�?!ec?J6J�J;k?Z^p>}2�J6-U�=:I:Iw6-ef}§ec=NYc?�6-ec?5�<=:I:Iw?J^ ��={8<;#8<;>?�p>ec=@E>? ��[vA�[email protected]<;>? �u=@edY<8!Yu8a6�F�?�m��|?-]�6�U�m~ec6d8<=@m>E>M�8<;k?��J6-U�=@I:Iw6-ec}U>;>6GY�?JM�8<;>?�Ycm>I{A>8a=@m~E§6JEk^�8<;>?�=zm~E(Y|={8 �Jm>EZ8a6J=@E�Y�6-e�?�^Gec=z]~?JE§mkA'8�m���8<;k?vU�m~e�mkArY�E>?B8 �om~e �+��� ;>=wY���?J6JE(Y8<;>698 6JIKIG8<;k?vYc6JI{8T;>?-ec?!m>E>IX}��-ef}(Y<8a6JIKIw=@g�?ZY�6GY�?A�(�uI@m>ec?GYc��?jE���?ZY�m>Ev8<;>?vY<A�e��<6��J?!m��(8<;k?vYc6J��U�Iw?ZY��G��;>?!��m(Yu8=:��U�m>eS8a6�EZ8�YN8a6-F�?�m�� ?B]H6-U�m>ec6P8<=zm~E�Y<8a6-eu8cY�6d8�8<;>=SY���m���?JEZ8 $ �y;>?JEv8<;k?!�Jm~E�8<=@EZAH={8u}om%�+�o6B8a?-e�=:Y�pkecm���?-E�=:E8<;>?#Yc6J��U�Iw?JM�8<;>?�^~=��(�SA Yc=@m�E Yu8a6-F�?�m�� ?B]H6-U�m>ec6P8<=zm~E Yu8a6-e<8cY S� =XF*� �����r��;>? �o6B8a?9evYN8a6-eN8cYt8<m �-=Xe��BA(Iw6B8a?�6ZY]�6�U�mkA�et=@E�8<;>?!U�m>efmGArY�E>?B8 �ym>e��>MG8<;ZArY�6JI@I@m���=@E>F.Yc6JI{8cY�8am#�-eu}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�?4=KE�U�m~e�?ZY��(��8a6-F�? |YN8<m>U(Y�6ZY|Ycm>m>E6ZY�?-EkmkA�F>;.Yq6JI{8�;>6GY��-ef}HYu8a6JI@IK=@g'?J^%=@E#U�m>ec?ZYt8Sm%6-I@I@m�� �SA�e<8<;>?-e!YuA�U�?�edYc6B8NAkec6B8<=@m>E§6-Ek^%�J69A�Y�?�^>6J��6-F�?v8<m8<;>?vY�6J��U�Iw?S� Iw6B8N8*���>�������

��;>?JE\8<;k?-ec?.6�ec?)8 �ym�U>m(YdYc=Xp�=:Iw={8f=w?ZY $T8<;k? �a=Xe9Yu8!]�=NYuAH6JI!^>6J��6�F�?2=NY�?J={8a;>?-e4pH? �<m>ec?)8<;k?.I@m�YqY�m%��o?j=©F�;�8�m~e`6��:8a?-e�� �Ê;>?JE)8<;k? �<=@edYu8�]�=SYfAH6JI�^>6J��6-FH?�m��J�BA�edY�p~?A�<m~ec?�8<;>?�I@m(Y9Y`m%���o?j=@F�;Z8aM�8<;k?-ec?�=:Y�Y<8f=@INIecm>m>� =@E�8<;k?�Yc6J��U�Iw?&�<m>e|Yc6JI{8�8<m#��e�}�Y<8a6jI@Iw=Kgj?JM(6JE>^�8<;>?�INm(YdY�m�����698a?-ec=@6JI�=NY|=@E��a?-ec=@m~e�8am�={8cY|Yc6JI{8 A�UG8a6���?����;>? �o?J=KF�;Z8!]~6-ec=@6B8a=@m>E�=SY48<;>?JE76.�Jm>��UH?B8<={8a=@m>E�m%��8<;�?ZY�?)8 �omhU'efm��J?ZYqYc?ZY�M�6JEk^\8<;>?-ec?.=NY�6 Yu8a6-F�?9 ���/;k?jE�8<;k?1I@mrYdY�m%�*��?J=@F�;Z8Tm����BA�edY'�u=©eBY<8aM~= 8���?J6JE�Y�8<;>698���m(Yu8Tm���8<;k?1e�m>m~� ��;>?�ec?oY�6JI{8T�J6JE���e�}HYu8a6JI@I:=@g�?;>6GY�p�?J?JE5�<=:IwIw?J^oA�U*�>��;>?4^>6J��6jF�?�Yu8a6�eu8cY ��;k?-E�8<;>?�Y<8<ef?ZYqYc?GY��-ec?J698a?J^op>}�8<;>?4�-ef}(Y<8a6JIKIw=@g�6B8a=@m~E�U>ec?�Y9YuA�ec?

Page 12: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

6-Ek^¤8<e�6-E�Yc��={8N8a?J^#8<;GecmGA�F>;)8<;k?%YuA�U�?-eqYc6B8NA�ec?�^\Ycm�I A>8<=@m~E =NY!;>=@F�;>?-e|8<;>6JE%8<;>?#Yu8am>E>?�1<Y�8a?-E(Yc=@Iw?%Yu8<e�?-EGFG8<;kM6-Ek^�=@Ev8<;>=NY��J6GYc?�8<;k?-ec?!=:Y�E>m#YS8a6�F�? � �

R ;>6�Yq? � � 4Yu8a6-e<8cY �y;>?JE#8<;>?�ec?JIw6B8a=@m~E�Yc;>=@U2p~?B8 �o?J?JE.E>m>ec��6JI:=@g�?J^ ��?j=@F�;Z8�6�E>^%8<;>?�E�A(��pH?-e`m ��-}k�jIw?GY�Y<8a6-eu8cY�8<m�p~?J�Jm>��?�6-U>U>ecm���=@��698a?jIX}§I@=@E�?�6-e S� =XFrY�����6JM%���1�cM�= ��?�����;k?jE�8<;>?�Y�6JI{8�A�UG8a6���?�YN8a6-eN8cY�8<mp�?�E>?-F�I:=@F�=Xp(Iw?��Jm>��U(6�ec?J^�8<m%��698a?-ef=@6JI�I@m(Y9Y��>57m>ec?�UGec?J�J=NYc?JI@}>M�= 8|=:Y�I:=@E�?J6-e��<m~e|;>m>��m>F�?-E�?JmGArY!Yu8Sm~Ek?ZY��� m>e�8<;>?�;k?B8a?-ecm>F�?-E>?�mkArY�Y<8<m>E>?ZY�MT8<;k?#�BA�ef]�?%Yc;km ��Y�Yc?-]�?-e�6jI�Yu8a?-U(Y�M��y;>=w�j;26-ec?§?J6J�J; 6-U>U>ecm���=:��6B8a?JI@}I:=@E�?J6�ecMkp'A>8�Yc?-U�6-e�6B8a?J^vp>}#YuAH^>^>?JE�^Ge�m~U(Y�N��=©F*� �>p����J� m>e�=@E(Yu8a6-Ek�J?JM%�<m>e�l|��m>e�����MG8<;>?ZY�?!^Gecm~U(Y �J6-E�p�?�J6BArY�?J^op>}48<;>?!I@m(YdY�m��6�E�?JEZ8a=Xec?!�<m�YqYc=KI(�

� ��� � �;� ��/ � �B���� ���#���� @��� �� ����� � ��� � � � fE�m>ec^>?-e�8Sm#?ZYN8<=K��6B8a?�8<;>?46JI{8a?-ec698<=@m~E�=@E�^>? �~M(64^>?J�Jm���UHm(Yf={8a=@m>E�m��8<;>?!U>ecm��J?ZYqYtm���6��J��?jIw?-e�6B8a?J^

Yc6JI{8'�o?J6B8<;>?�e =@E>F.;k6ZY|p�?�?JE#U>ecm~Ukm�Y�?J^+�(��;>=:Y�^�?J�Jm��yU�m�Yc={8a=@m>E%=NY�p~6ZYc?�^%m>E�8<;>?�? ��=NY<8f=@EGF �om~e��(Y�69p�mGA>88<;>?#U>;�6ZY�?.^~=w6-F>e�6j� m���Y�m�^>={AH� Y<A(I@U�;>6B8a?6S� Iw6B8N8!���>� ����6�E>^�m>E28<;k?%^Gef}�=@E>F"��=@E�?B8a=@�GYvU>e�?ZYc?JEZ8a?�^+=:E�f=@FGA�ec?v� $Q�=@��p(=XpH={8f=zm~E�m� Y�6JI:=@E�?vYcm�I A>8<=@m~E $ZU�m>ec?ZY�6-e�?�=KEG]~6J^>?J^�p>}v8<;�?�pke =@E�? �Q#6ZY#e�?jIw6B8a=X]�?�;ZAH��=w^>={8u} Sl|n*�#F>ecm���YcM�8<;>?JE>6-e�^~={8a?�;G}�^Ge�6B8a?ZY§=@EZ8am ��=Xeq6-p�=KIw={8a?hp>}Â^>=NY9Ycm�I A>8<=@m~EÂ6JE>^ec?-U>e�?J�J=XU�= 8a6B8<=@m>E�Sl`m�^Gec=XFGAH?�g�Q:��6�]~6-efecm�?P8�6-I � ���>�>����= �r8<?J��U�?-e�6B8NA�ec?�=NY�p�?JI@m�� ���*�X� �9s �Q2�y={8<;�?-]�?JE�;>=@F�;>?-e�l|noM���=Xeq6�p�=@Iw={8a?1=NY�^>=NY9Ycm>IX]H?J^�=@Ev8<;k?�p>ec=@E>?��Jn�?�ec?vYu8Sm~U(Yr8<;>?!=@�opH=Xp�={8a=@m�E�U�;>6ZYq? �Q�?B]~6-U�m~e�6P8<=@m>E�Y<8a6-eu8cY;�y={8<;��J6�U�=@I:Iw6-ef}�?-]~6-U�m~e�6P8<=@m>E�6JE>^�^>?B]�?JI@m>U���?JE�8�m�� ?A���<I@m>ec?GYc�J?JE>��?kY �Q�^G=����NA Yc=z]H?!?-]~6-U�m~e�6P8<=@m>E�6JE>^��-ef}HYu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E�m��(8<;k?-E�6Jec^~= 8a?�=KE48<;>?�U�m>ec?ZY��

��;>?��-euAH�J=w6jI�U�;>6�Yc?�m��8<;>=NY�Yc�J;>?J��?�=NY�8<;k?#�-ef}(Y<8a6jI@I@=@g>6B8<=zm~E¤m%�|��=Ke�6�p�=wI:={8a?�=@E%8<;k?�U�m>ec?ZY`6A�:8a?-e8<;>?�^>=:Y9Ycm�I{A>8<=@m>E§m%� 8<;k?-E�6-ec^>={8a?JM+��;k?JE�8<;>?v8a?-��UH?-ec6B8NA�ea?�=wY�p~?jIzm � ���*�X� �9s Sl`m�^Gef=©FGAH?-g�Q:��6-]H6-efecm.6�E>^[om�?-;'E>?����>�>��� $�8<;>=NY4=NY18<;k?�U�6-eu8`m�� 8<;k?#�-}��JIw? ��;k?JE28<;k?#^>6J��6�F�?ZYym��J�9A�e�����;>? �<=KeqYu8`^>6J��6-FH? ��=:INI6-EG} ��6-}§6�U>U�?Z6�etm>E�8<;>? �o?J6���?GYu8TU�6-eu8Tm���8<;�?�Yq6j��U�Iw?��>��;>?�m>E>IK}��J;>6-e�6J�B8a?-ec=NYu8<=@�GY�8<;>698���698N8a?-et6�ec?�8<;>?;G}�^Gec=w��U>ecm~U�?�eS8<=@?�Y/a�J6-U�=:I:Iw6-ef} s 6JE>^Â?-]�6-U�m>ec6B8<=@m>E� �Jm�?����<=w�J=:?JE�8cY)p~mk8<;Â=@EÈF�� f��b��XY9L� b����¤6-E>^8<;>?��?J�J;>6JE>=w��6jI#Y<8<ec?-EGFG8<; m%��8<;>? ��?J6��(?ZY<8§U�6-eu8)m���8<;k?Êe�m����0:8a?-E�Yc=KIw? Yu8<e�?-EGFG8<;����=@E 5�R�6 ���4� ;>=NY�Jm>eue�?ZYfU�m>E>^�Y46JINYcm.8am%8<;>?�U�6-ec6J��?98a?-edY�ArY�?J^+=@E28<;k?#?GYf8<=K��6B8a=@m>E m%�t8<;>?#��e�}HYu8a6JI@I:=@g'6B8<=@m>E U>ec?ZYdY<A�ec?9�<m>e��m(Yu8T��m�^>?JI:Y SV`?jEk6-]�?JEZ8a?!?B8�6-I � ���>���Gp�Mr����;�?-ec?-e ���>�������

Page 13: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

u8 =NY�6JISY�m)=@��U�m>eS8a6-E�8r8<m�ec?J��6-I@I�8<;>6B8 8<;G=NY|Yu8NAH^G}�=SY�m>E>IK})6Bp�mGA>8tYam�^G={A(� YuAHIKU�;�6B8a?JMH6-E>^�8<;ZArY�8<;>??ZY<8<=K��6B8am>e�=:Y�m~E>I@}�]�6JIw=:^5�<m>e�^>6j�o6-F�?GYt=@E�^ZAH�J?J^�p>}§Ycm�^>={A(� YuAHIKU�;>698a?v�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g'6B8<=@m>E+�G� =XFGA�ec?��'646jE�^�Jp�ec?�U>ec?ZYc?JE�8(8<;>?!?ZY<8<=@��698am~e m���C! �-�,�T6ZY�6 �:AHE>�B8a=@m>E�m���C! '�<m~er8<;>?�8 �ym�? �kU�?-ec=K��?JEZ8cY��

����������

σ � ��� � � �

����

=-�,�

243H5 687���� : ��$��(>��(')! $&�#� �-�C$�$,!& �>9��*@�="#�(����.�' '%�#'%$,���F������CR��C$8��D%:�L�M�M ��N���*,$,��������'���S�U�� ��W �

Page 14: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

� ������ @��� �� ����� ��� �� #�0��� � �[4A�ec=KE'FWY<8a6-F�? � � cMv8<;k?ÊU�m>ec?ZY�6�ec?/�Jm~E�Yc=w^>?-ec?J^ 8am p~? 6JI ��6-}HY"�f=wI:Iw?J^ ��={8a;WY�6JI{8 6JEk^ 8<;�?

YuA�U�?�edYc6B8NA�e�6B8<=@m>E �o={8<;�ec?ZYfU�?��B8�8Sm���=©ec6-p�=:I:= 8a?1ec?�6J�J;>?J^#6B8 ?B]�?�e�}���}~�JI:? �>� ;k?oY�6JI{8cY ��=:IwIr�-ef}(Y<8a6jI@Iw=Kgj?v6JE>^�J6BArY�?#^>6J��6�F([email protected]<;>?§�-ec6J���(Y�6JEk^2U�m>ec?ZY�����;ZArY�8<;>?%��m>ec?�U>ec?�Qf? ��=NYu8a=@EGF��-ec6J����Y46JEk^2U�m>[email protected]<;>?ecm����>M>8<;>?���m>ec?�^>6-��6-F�?��>C4E>^#6JINYcm�8<;>?���m>ec?��-e�6J���(Y|6�E>^�U�m>ec?ZY|=@E#6ve�m����kM~8<;>?�I@m��o?-e 8<;k?1RTQ)�o6B]�?GY]�?JI@m��J={8<}��$������

�!E\8<;k?.mk8<;k?-e�;k6jEk^>M�8<;>?ZY�?.^>6J��6�F�?ZY&��=wI:I|p�?.��m>ec?%=:��U�m>eS8a6�EZ84=��18<;k? cm�=@EZ8cY4pH?B8 ��?�?-E\8<;�?F>ec6J=@E�Yy6-ec?5�o?J6���M�Yc=@E��J?%[email protected]<;>=NY��J6�Yc?�8<;>?§�Jm~;k?GYc=@m�E�m��|8<;>?.Yu8am>E>?#=NY�I@m���?�e�� �/;k?jE.8<;k?)F>ec6J=@E(Yy6-ec?�o?J6���Iz}�p~m~Ek^>?J^>Mk8<;k?�I@m(YdY�m%� ?-Ek?-efF>}�6B8(8<;k?1=@E�8a?-e��<6J��?ZY�=NY�;>=@F�;k?-e�6JE>^v8<;ZArY�$�� ^>?J�-ec?J6�Yc?GY��

��;>?ZY�?�8 ��m �<?J6B8NA�ec?�Y�;>6-]�?�8<;k?vYc6J��?1=@E��fIXAH?JE>��?!m~E $����>� ;>=wY���?J6JE(Y�8<;k6B8�$�� �J6-E�?�Yu8a=K��6B8a?t8<;>?I@m�E'F+8a?-ef� p�?J;k6�]�=zmkA�e�m��46%ecm���� ���>=XE���?)8<;>=NY�I@m~E'F+8<?-ec�_p~?J;�6�]�=zmkA�e�=:YyF�=X]H?JE\p>}7C!$yM $ � �J6JE\pH?�Jm>E�Yc=w^>?-ec?�^ 6ZY 6WF�m�m�^ 8Nec?�E>^ �<m~eÂC!$5�%nom���?B]~?JecM28<;k? I@m � ]~6jIXAH?GY m�� 8<;k? �Jm�?A���<=w�J=:?JE�8Âm��^>?B8a?-ea��=@E�6B8a=@m>E�m���8<;�?!I@=@E�?Z6�e�ec?-F>ec?ZYqYc=@m�E�Nl�� ��F�=X]H?JE�m~E �f=@FGA�ec?�Y �>6!6JE>^ �Gp#Yc;km �Â8<;>6B8 ={8T�J6JE�E>mG8�YS8<=@INIp�?!��m~E�Yc=:^>?�ec?J^�6ZY�6�F�m�m�^y?ZYu8<=@��6B8<m>e��

C U�6-eu84m���8<;>=NYy?-efe�m~ey�-m>��?GY �Ne�m�� 8<;k?9�a6J�B8�8<;k6B8|8<;>?�]�?JI@m��J={8u} m%�|8<;>?�RTQ)��69]H?ZY�=NY�YcIw=@F�;�8<IK}^>= �(�a?-ec?JEZ8�=@E :ZAH6-eu8<g ��>���'�G� �fY��|6-Ek^)=@E§�J6JIw�J={8a?*�� �>�>�G� �fY����>CvEkmk8<;k?-etU�6-eN8���m~��?GY 6jINY�m �Necm�� 8<;>? �<6J�B88<;>698�m~Ek?#m%�t8<;>?�8 �om+�BA>p~?GY4m%�4�~��8NA�efEk?J^ mkA>8�8<m2p~?%�vAH�J;+�om~ec?#��m���U�?B8a?-E�8|8<;>6JE%8<;>?#mG8<;>?�edYcM�6ZY�Jm>��U�?B8a?-E�8�6ZY�n�� �� @��8<;>=NYt]�6JIXAH?v=NY���= 8<;>^Gec6 �oE �Necm�� 8<;k?v? �kU(?�e =@��?JEZ8a6JI�]H6JI{A�?ZYcM>l�� ec=SY�?GY A�U�8am#�+�����f=@E�Yu8a?�6J^�m�� �+�-�(��������;>?�U>ec?ZY�?-E��J?!m�� �jIw6-}(Y �Z6JE�6JINYcm�p�?�]~?-ef}�^�6J��6�F�=@E>F�8<m�6vYS8Sm~Ek? ��;>=wIw?1EkmZ8�;k6B]�=@E�F6vYu8<eam>EGF�=@E��fIXAH?jEk�J?!m>Ev8<;>?!?ZY<8<=@��698am~eaM�6�E>^vp>}v8<;>=NY���mkA�Iw^��o6��(?�8<;>=wY�?GYu8<=@��6B8f=zm~E�=@E��Jm>efec?J�d8��

Page 15: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

243H5 687����#��:�� ' $,! ���C$,!��� ���*8$��#� ���+*A���+$��#��*A!/� '%$�� ��"�����!/���C �$ �

243H5 687������4:���'1$H!/����$&!��� 9��*8$,�#� ��� *A���J$&�#��'������� #� ����"����A!����C �$ �

243,5 6 7�������:�� ' $H!/���C$,!��( ��*8$���� ��� *%���+$&�#��*%! � '%$+� ��"#� ��!/���C �$ �

Page 16: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

243,5 6 7������J:�� '1$,!/����$�!��� ��*+$,�#� ��� *A���J$&�#��' ���(�� #�9� ��"��C��! ���C �$ �

��?B]�?�eu8<;>?JIw?GYdYcM�8<;>=NY ?GYu8<=@��6B8f=zm~E ��6jE p�?ÊArY�?A�SAHI)p~?J��6BArYc?8<;>?R�Q ��6-]�?È]~?JI@m��J={8<} =NY�Ekm~EkQ^>?ZY<8<euAH�P8<=X]~?#6jEk^.?J6ZYf}§8am.��?J6ZYuA�e�?�m>E>Q��u=w?JIw^>M�6JE>^.6���=KE�?�ec6JI�6jEk6JIK}(Yc=NY4��6jE¤;>?JI@U%A�Y|8am ^>?P8a?�ef��=KE�?�=<�8<;>=:Y�?�Yu8a=K��6B8a=@m>E�=SYTec?JI@?-]�6JEZ8TmGe�E>mZ8 �

� ��� �

� ��/ � � � ��� � � �����'�����;>?�ec?�Yc=SY<8a6JE>�J?!m%� 6vYq6J��U�Iw?�8am#Yc6-I{8T^>?J��6�}�;k6kY�p~?J?JE�?GYu8<=@��6B8a?J^ �<m>e�p�mG8<;�? �kU�?-ec=:��?JEZ8cY��-��m �

8<;>?�=@��U�m>eu8a6-E>��?!m��(8<;>?!^>=@��?jE�Yc=@m�E�m��(8<;>?vY�6j��U�Iw? ��=@I:I�p~?!^~=NYc�9ArY9Yc?J^+�

� ��� �#���� @��� �� ����� � ��� � � �C�YtYc;>m��yE�=@E��*� �*�N� � M�?B]�6-U�m>ec6B8<=zm~E�=NY�6`]~?-ef}�=w��U�m~eu8a6�EZ8 U>;>?-Ekm���?JE>m>E&��;>?JE�={8T�Jm���?ZY�8am#Yc6JI{8

�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E#=@E�U�m>ecmkArY�E>?B8 �ym>e��(Y Sl`m�^Zef=XFGAH?�g�Q:��6�]~6-efecm§6-Ek^�[�m�?-;GEk?%���>�>�������/;k?jE�?B]H6-U�m>ec6d8<=@m�E=NY�=w��U�m(YdYc=Xp�Iw?�8<;GecmGA�F>; 69�<6��J?#m%�`62Y�6J��U�Iw?JM�8<;>=SY �a6��J?)=NYyE>mG8!6�I{8a?-ec?J^ 6JE>^%8<;k? �o?J6B8<;k?-ec=KE>F�m%�t8<;�?�y;>m�I@?%Yq6J��U�Iw?)=NY�YcI@m���?�^\^>m��yE uC4EGF�?JI:=�?B8`6JI �2���>� �����r� ;k?#?J6ZYc=w?-e�8<;>?%Y�6J��U�Iw?#�J6JE.p�?#^Gec=@?J^>M�8<;>??J6ZYc=w?-etY�m�^G= A(� YuAHI@U�;k6B8a?!�J6-E���e�}HYu8a6JI@I:=@g�?!=@Ev8<;>?�U�m>efmGA(YTE>?B8 �om~e �+�

� m>e�8<;k?�Yc6J��?v]�m�I{AH��?JM�8<;>?��Jm>ec?�m���6�Yc6J��U�Iw?&��=@I:Irpr?�^Gec=@?�^9�<6GYu8a?-e|=�� 8<;k?-ec?�=NY�6�^>=:��?JE(Yc=@m�E�y;>=:�J;�=NY|Yc=KF�E>=��f=w��6jE�8<IX}%Yc��6JI:Iw?-e�8<;k6-Ev8<;k?!mk8<;k?-edY��J� =@FGA(ec?!��? �kU�Iw6J=@E(Y�8<;>=NY'�f6J�98�=@E�6�]�?-ef}#Yc=w��U�Iw? ��6-} �no?-E>��?JM�8<;>?�Yc��6JI:Iw?ZY<8�^~=@��?JE(Yc=@m�E#m�t6�Yc6J��U�I:?!��=:IwI�6A���a?J�B8�={8cY�ec?ZYc=NYu8a6JE>��?y8am.Yc6JI{8 �o?J6B8<;k?-ec=@EGF*�� u8��J6JEp�?y�Jm~E�Yc=w^>?-ec?J^#=@E#�oAHI{8a=@U�I@}�=KE>F�8<;k?�YcI@m>U�?�m���8<;>?vI@=@E�?�6je�ec?-F>ec?ZYqYc=@m>E�p>}�8<;k?�Yc��6JI:Iw?ZYu8�^>=@��?jE�Yc=@m�E�m���6Yc6J��U�I:?&5���J� �<m~e�8<;>? �u=Xe9Y<8�? �kU�?-ec=K��?JEZ8aM�*�z�'�J� �<m>e�8<;>?�Yc?J�Jm>E>^��B�<m~e�?J6J�J;�?��>U�?-ec=:��?JEZ8�� S8TF>=z]~?GY 8 �om

Page 17: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

]�6JIXAH?GY|m����+� �>�#6-E>^+� � ���#�J��M%��;>=w�J;#^>= � �f?-e0�Necm�� �J��. :8<;>?�^>=����a?-ec?JE>��?yp~?B8 �o?J?JE�8<;>?!8 �ym2YcI@m>U�?ZY|=NY�'��./���

u8�=NY.=@��U�m>eu8a6-EZ8�8Sm E>mZ8<=@�J?+8<;>698�8<;>=NY¤?ZY<8f=@��6B8a=@m~EÂ=NY m>E>Iz}Âec?JIw?-]�6JEZ8 �<m~e#8<;>?7��=w^>^>Iw? 8a?-ec�p�?J;k6�]�=zmkA�e��>� m>e�8<;>?v]�?�e�} Yc;km~eN8�8a?9ef��M�mZ8<;k?-e|U�6-ec6J��?B8a?�edY�6-ec?18Sm)p�?v8a6���?�E#=KE§6��Z��mkA�E�8 $%�<m~e|=@E�Y<8a6-E>��?JM8<;>?!�9A>p�?ZY;�o=:I:I�6JI{8a?�e��<6GYu8a?�e�8<;>6�E��-}�I:=@E�^>?-edYtYc=@E��J?�8<;k?-ec?!6-e�?���m~e�?!?J^GF�?ZY�6-Ek^��Jm~eaE>?-edY��

243,5 6 7����#: ��! �0"�D !/*A!����9���#��"�������$&!��� R�!/ #�C$&!��(')��*+$ ��9'����9"�D��(')��*+$,���-'%����� �#��D/.#��� B�.�$8��!/*,*A������ �$���! ���� �' !&�� �'C:��4���'������ $&��!��CR� #�(' ')��* �G��$,��� ���#��"����%��$H��' !/ -$���� $ �G�9'����9"�D��('+B#�C$ �-�(�� $ �-�!� �'%$��� �$1' :��4�#��"����%$���*+$,���-'%���9"�D�� �-��!����9!,' �-�C$

!,')! ������ ��N�$���� ���,� "����,$�!,'4!/ ��������� �

Page 18: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

� ��� ��� � �"� �%!� ��� � � � ��B��� � �� m>e�6�F>=z]~?JE.Yc6J��U�Iw?JMrC!$C��=:IwI ^>?-U(?JEk^%m>E�8<;>?18SmZ8a6-I�Y<A�e@�<6J�J?�?��>U�m(Yc?J^�8<m.?9]�6-U�m>ec6d8<=@m~E �(��;>?

Yc6J��U�I:?�YtYc?J?J� 8am�I@m�Y�?!6vYc��6JI:I>8<;>=w����Ek?ZY9Y�m��rF>ec6J=KEom~E�?9]�?-ef}#Yc=w^>?�8<;>6982�o6ZY�?��>U�m(Yc?J^v8<m�?B]~6-U�m>ec6P8<=zm~E �[4A�e =@E'F%Yu8a6�F�? � fMG8<;>?�Yc6J��U�Iw?kY|Y�?J?J� 8<m�I@m(Yc?46�Yc��6JI@I(8<;>=@����E>?GYdY�m�����6B8a?-ec=@6JI(^ZA�ec=@E>F#?�6J�J;��-}~�jIw?���V!}ArYc=@EGF 8<;>?\Y�6j��?§6-U>U>ecm���=@��698f=@m>E.8a?J�-;>E>=<:ZAH?.6ZYy=@E�I:6GY<8!U�6-ec6�F>ec6-U>;>M�8<;>=NY �<6��B81�J6-E\p~?%?�Yu8a=K��6B8a?�^2p>}^>=z]�=w^>=@E>F fE>mG8y�vA(I 8f=@U�Iz}�=@E>Fp�?��J6BA Yc? 6\ec?�Yc=SY<8a6JEZ8�Yu8<mGEk?+;>6ZY�6\Izm � C!$���8<;>?�YcI@m>U�?\m�18<;k?+IK=@E�?�6-eec?-F>e�?ZYdYc=@m>E�p>}�8<;>?�8SmZ8a6-I(YuA�e@�a6J�J?!m��(8<;>?vYc6J��U�I:?N8<;>?vYq6J��U�I:?GY�6�ec?1=@����?�edYc?J^�=@E�mkA�e�?��>U�?-ec=@��?jE�8cY���� N8F�=z]~?GY�8 �ym%]�6JI{AH?�Y!m%� �*�{�>�¤6-E>^ �*�X��� ����� b�M2��;>=w�J;.^>=3�(�a?-e!�Necm�� �*�z��. É8<;k?�^G=����a?-ec?JE>��?�p�?B8 �o?J?-E#8<;>?8 �ym�YcI@m>U�?ZY;�o6ZY � ��./���

��?B]�?�eu8<;>?JIw?GYdYcMG8<;>m(Yc?�8 �ym�?B]�6JI{AH698f=@m>E�Y�Ek?Z?�^���m>ec?!^>6B8S6�8<mop~?!�Jm>E��u=Xec��?J^>M���={8<;���m>ec?vYc;>6�U(?GY8a?ZYN8a?J^+�� fE�6J^>^~= 8f=@m>E�8am�8<;>698<M~8<;k?oIw=@E�?J6-etec?�F>ec?ZYdYc=zm�E(Y|=@E)p~mk8<;��J6ZYc?GY 6-ec?o]~?-ef}§6-U>U>e�m ��=@��6B8a?��>C4EG}���6J}={8�=NY4�JIw?J6-e�8<;k6B8t8<;k?)Yf;�6�U�?�6JE>^+Yc=@g�?�m�|6)Yq6J��U�Iw?�;k6ZY46-E.=@E�fIXAH?JE>�J?#m>E.={8cY`6JI{8a?-ec6B8a=@m>E+��� m>e!6�F�=X]~?ZE]�m�I{A(��?JMG8<;>?!��m(Yu8 ec?ZYc=wYu8a6-E�8�Ya;�6-U�?!=SY 8<;>?!m>E>?�8<;>698���=:E>=w��=@g�?ZY�8<;k?v?��kU�m�Y�?J^�YuA�e@�<6J�J?46JE>^���6 ��=w��=@g'?ZY8<;>?vYc�o6jIwIw?kY<8T^G=K��?JE�Yc=zm�E�$j8<;k?vYfU�;>?-e�?��

� � � � @.�� ��� �C E>?�� ��6-} �<m>e/?-]�6JIXAH6B8f=@E'F 6J���J?JI:?�ec6B8a?J^ 6-F�?J=@EGF 8<;Ge�mkA�F>; �-ef}�Y<8a6JIKIw=@g�6B8a=@m~E m%�/Yc6JI{8�=uY

U>ecm>U>m(Yc?J^+� N8�=NY��Jm���U�m(Yc?J^�m%�v8 �omÊU�6�ec6J��?B8a?-edY $�6JI{8a?�ec6B8<=@m>E=@E�^>?�� fC! ��#6JE>^�6jI 8a?-ec6B8a=@m>E ]�?JI@m��J={8f}uC!$&���� S8�=NY�8<;>?-E�U�m�YqYc=zpHIw?18am§�-I@6ZY9Yc=��u}�8<;>?�^>=3�(�f?�ec?JEZ8|Yu8Sm~Ek?ZY|6��J�Jm>ec^~=@E'F�8<m�8<;>?�Yc?18 �om�=@E>^>=:��6B8Sm~eqY $Z8<;>?ec?ZY<A(I 8cY�Yc;km �Â8<;>6B8r8<;k?oY<8<m>E>?ZY�8<;>698�6-ec?�8<;k?1�om�Y<8�ec?ZYa=NYu8a6-E�8�6B8��<=KeqYu8�<;>=XF�;�C! ���6-ec?!E>mZ8�Ek?J�J?ZY9Y�6-ec=@IK}�8<;>?��m(Yu8�ec?ZYc=NY<8a6-EZ8`6B8|8<;>?#?�E>^ fI@m�� C!$&���2 <8!6�IKIzm ��Yy�j;k6Jec6J�B8a?-ea=Xg�=KE>F.8<;k?%6JI{8a?-e�6B8<=@m>E ^ZA�ec=KE>F.8<;k? ��;km~Iw?8a?ZYN8T6-E>^�EkmZ8� <ArYu8T6B8�8<;>?!?-Ek^�m���= 8��

C4E>mG8<;>?-e��JI@6GYqYc=3�f=w�J6B8a=@m>E�m%� 6JI{8a?-ec698f=@m>E�=NY�6JISY�m�U>ecm>U�m(Yc?�^+� N8(8a6���?ZY�=@EZ8am�6J�J�JmGA�EZ8H8<;>?!6JI{8a?-ec698<=@m�EU�6B8w8a?-efE�Y $ ;>m���m>F�?JE>?JmGArYcM ;>?B8a?-e�m~F�?-Ek?JmGArY m>e 6-E>=NYcmZ8<eam~U>=@� � � ;>=NY �J6JE p�? ?kY<8f=@��6B8a?J^�p>} 6��=w�-e�m�Y<8<euAH�P8NAkec6-I(Y<8NAH^k}om��(8<;k?vYu8am>E>?��

��;>?#6J���J?JI:?�ec6B8a?J^ 6-F�?J=@E>F��J6JE2p~?#^>?J�Jm��yU�m�Y�?J^\=@EZ8am��+Yu8a6-F�?ZY�����8a6-F�?5 4�-m>efec?�YfU>m>E>^�Y�8am¤8<;k?�o?j=©F�;�8�F�6j=@E�^ZAH?18<m.Yc6-I 8��-eu}(Y<8a6JIKIw=@g�6B8a=@m~E#=@E�8<;>?vU�m>ec?ZY��(�Z8a6-F�?& fM%�y;>?-E#={8�?���=SY<8cYcMr=:Y|6JE#=@EZ8a?-ec��?�^~=w6B8a?Yu8a6�F�?.^ZA�ef=@EGF ��;>=w�J;\8<;>?�ec?.=SY�6 �Jm>��UH?B8<={8a=@m>E+pH?B8 ��?�?-EYc6JI{8�YuA�U>U�IX}�6jEk^h��6B8a?�e =z6jI�I@m(Y9Y��|�G8a6-F�?9 � � �Jm>eue�?ZYfU�m>E>^�Y�8Sm18<;>?!I@m>EGF�8a?-ef� 6JI{8a?�ec6B8<=@m>E>M���;�?JEv8<;k? ��?J=XF�;Z8 I@m(YdY�=NY�6-U>U>e�m ��=@��6B8a?JIX}�Iw=@E�?J6-e��

Page 19: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

�;��m ?ZYN8<=@��698am~edY ;>6B]H? p�?J?JE F�=X]H?JE �<m>e�ec?ZYaU�?J�B8a=X]H?jIX} C! 76JE>^ C!$5��� ;km�Y�? ?GYu8<=@��6B8am~eqYA�E>^>?�e Iw=@E�?�8<;>?!�f6J�98�8<;k6B8 ={8�=NY���euAH�J=:6JI>8am�U�?-e �<m~ef� 64��=É�-ecm(YN8<euAH�P8NA�e�6-I(Yu8NAH^G}�m��8<;k?oY<8am~Ek?�8<m�U>ec?J^G=@�B8T={8cY�o?J6B8<;>?�e =@E'F*�(��;>?���6J=@E#ec?GYuAHI{8|=:Yt8<;k6B8�8<;>?vRTQ)��69]�?v]�?JI@m��J={8u}¤=@E�8<;>?�Yu8am>E>?�F�=X]�?GY�6�F�m>m�^#=@^>?J6�m%��8<;>?I@m�E'F�8a?-ef� pH?J;>6-]�=@mGA�e�m��(8<;k?vYu8<m>E>?�$�8<;k?�;>=KF�;>?�e�8<;>?�RTQ �o6B]~?`]~?jIzm��J={8<}�MG8<;>?���m>ec?�ec?�Yc=:Yu8a6JEZ8H8<;>?vYu8Sm~Ek?��

��;>? Yc;>6-UH?_m�� 6 Yc6J��U�Iw?_;�6ZY 6JINYcm 6JE =w��U�m~eN8a6-EZ8 =@E��<IXAr?JE>��?_m>E ={8cY ��?�6B8<;>?-ec=@E>F 8<;'ecmGA�F>;�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E m%� Yc6JI{8qYcMop~?��J6BArYc?/={82^~=@ec?J�98cY.8<;>?/?-]�6-U�m>ec6B8<=@m>E ��=KE�?98f=@��Y���C Yc6J��U�Iw? 8<;>6B8¤;�6ZY�6Yc=XF�E>=3�f=w�J6JE�8fIX} Yc��6JI:Iw?-e�^~=@��?JE(Yc=@m�E ��={8a;ec?ZYaU�?J�B8�8Sm�8É;>?\8 �ommZ8<;>?�edY �o=KIwI�6JI{8a?�e �<6kY<8a?-e#6�Y#6+��m>ec?ec?-FGAHI@6-e�MZ8<;>?!��m�Y<8rec?ZYc=wYu8a6JEZ8�Yf;k6-U�?�p�?J=@E>F�8<;>?vYaU�;k?-ec?��

� ��� � ��� "� � �� / � � �(���;>?§6BA>8<;>m>edY!��mGAHI@^+I:=���?)8Sm\8<;>6-E �+5���RT6JI:I@= � �Ne�m�� l!�4s�C�57C4��q��6J=@EZ8aQN576���=:��=KEkQdYuA�ecQf�4=SY�?1� �<m>eU>ecmG]�=@^>=KE'F�����MGl|��6JEk^y�H��M�6JE>^v5 �G�!I@=z]H?J=@ec6S5hm�=XF�EG}�Q Y<A�ecQS� �Jm>I@?1�'�<m~er8<;>?!mZ8<;>?�etYc6-��U�Iw?GY��

, � � � ��� � � �;�C4EGF�?JI:=�5hM~V!=@F�6ZY�O RTM~5h?-E�iJE>^>?-g!V`M~n�i-p~?-eu8�l`M~[o6B]�=w^�s2����>� ���� aE��<IzAH?JE��J?4m����J6-U�=:IwIw6-ef}�U>e�m~U�?-eN8<=@?GY6-Ek^?-]�6-U�m>ec6B8<=@m>E�m~E/Yc6JI{8 �o?J6B8<;k?-ec=@EGF/m���Yc?�^~=w��?JE�8a6-ef}7ecm����(Y�� RT6-U�?�e�U>ec?ZY�?-EZ8a?�^6P848<;>?.n�?�ef={8a6-F�?�Ê?Z698<;>?-ec=@EGF�6JE>^�s|m~E�Yc?-ef]~6B8f=zm~E���m~E��<?-e�?jEk��?1=@Ev5h6J^Gec=N^>M�����Q���� uAHE>?JM����>� �

V`?J�����yM�C4I@Qu5+A��;Z8a6-e�57M�l`m~g�?�EZp�69A(� �4MHl`6BA>8NA�e�?J6BA#5 (���>�>���|st;>6-ec6��B8a?-ec=Xg�6B8a=@m>E>M%�o6B8a?-e�8Éec6-E�Y@�a?-eU>ecm>U�?BeN8<=@?GY�6JE>^�^>?B8a?�e =zm~ec6d8<=@m>E�=KE�8NA�(�f?�6BA $ZpGAH=:Iw^~=@E>F���698a?-ef=@6JI(=@Ev8<;�?���m�=©ec?�]H6JIKIw?J}�Q��rec6JE>��?��jV|AH=@I:^>=@E�F6-Ek^y��EG]�=@ecm>E>��?JE�8���� $N�>�J�r��Q-�>�����

V`?JE>6-]�?JEZ8a?�[oM��v6-e����z6#^�?JI�s�A�e�6�57C4M���6�ec���@6JQf��A(=@EH?J6�O9M|�JE>�J;>?-gjQS57m>ec6JI|��M��!ec^>m>�>?-g � ����>����61���;>?�ecm>Iw?!m��rU�m>ec?vYu8<euAH�d8NA�ec?�=@E#Yc6JI{8T�-ef}(Y<8a6JIKIw=NYq6B8<=@m>E�=@E�A�E�Yq6B8NA�ec6d8a?J^�U�mGeamkArYtY<8<m>E>?���O9mGA�efEk6jI�m��stef}(Y<8a6ZI�!ecm �!8<; � �>��$z�'����Q �����

V`?JE>6-]�?JEZ8a?![�Mr�46-ec�-=w6�^>?JI s�A�ec6157C4M�� m>eu8�l�Mr�1e�^Gm>�>?-g#�6����>���Gp���[4A�ec6Bp�=:Iw={8<}#m��U�m~ecmGArY�p'A(=@Iw^>=KE>FYu8Sm~Ek?ZY'�Necm�� U�m>ec?1Y<8NeuAH�98NA>ec?!6-Ek^�Yu8<ec?-E'FG8<;+�-��EGF�=@E>?J?-ec=wEGF��v?�m�I@m>F~} ��� $S�>���>Q-����

�T� �������>� -���>�>���Â��698NA>ec6-IÂYu8am>E>? 8a?ZYN8 ��?B8<;>m�^�Y�� [o?B8a?-ec��=@E�6B8f=zm~EDm�� ec?GYc=NYu8a6-Ek��? 8am Y�6-I{8�-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�6B8a=@m>E+�r���>�>�>Qf�>�

Page 20: [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and … · 2016-04-26 · [hal-00239431, v1] Salt crystallization in pores: quantification and estimation of damage

� Iw6B8N8!l�O ����>��������6-I{8y^>6J��6-FH?.=KE�U�m~e�mkArYy��6B8a?-ec=@6JINY $�;km � ;>=@F�;7YuA�U�?-edYq698NA�ec6P8<=zm~E(Yo6-ec?%F�?JE>?�ec6B8a?J^+�O9mGA�efEk6jI�m�� ste�}HYu8a6JI��!ecm �!8<; ����� $ �����'Q5�(���

no6j����?J���H?-e -���>�>���' f��U�m>eu8a6-E>��?v^>?ZY�8<ec6�E(Y@�<?-eu8cY�^+1:?�6-A§^>6�E(YtIw6v^>i�F>ec6J^>6B8a=@m>E�^�?ZY�U�=:?�efec?ZY�?JE��!A�]kec?��R ;>QS[ � ;k?ZYc=NY�x�E>=X]H?-edYc= 8u}�m����G8<ec6ZYup~mkA�eaF�MZ�rec6-Ek�J?

�4ec6J��?���� s -�����(��� fE�8@�'stef={8<=w�J6JI���6-p�Iw?ZY���uU*�'�����,�

l`m�^Gea=XFGAH?-g�Q:��6-]�6-eaecm s�M�[om�?-;GEk?� -���>�>�����6JI{8 �o?J6B8<;k?-ec=@EGF $�=@E�fIXAH?jEk�J? m� ?-]�6-U�m>ec6B8<=@m>E ec6B8a?JMYuA�U�?�edYc6B8NA�e�6B8<=@m>E+6JEk^��-ef}(Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�698f=@m>E U�6B8N8a?-efE ��� 6-eS8<;��GA�e��<6J��?�R ecm��J?ZYqYc?GYy6JE>^\��6JE>^��<m~ec�#Y ��� $S������Q���>�

l`m�^Gea=XFGAH?-g�Q:��6-]�6-eaecm.s|M�[ym�?-;GEk?v�|M���?9p�6ZY<8f=@6JE�� (���G�>���tnym �W^Gm�?ZY!Ycm�^G={AH� Y<A(I@U�;>6B8a?��-ef}�Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�?�� c��U�IK=w��6B8<=@m>E(Y �<m>e�8<;>?§^>?J�J6-}�6JEk^28a?ZY<8<=KE'F�m���pGAH=:Iw^>=KE>F���6B8a?-ef=@6JI(��s|?J��?jE�846-Ek^+s|m>E>�-ec?98a?�l`?ZY�?J6-ec�J;�>��$S�J� ��>Q��J�'���

l`m�Y�?1[yC0-��� �>��� �/6B8a?�et��mG]H?j��?JEZ8�=@E�U�m~ecmGArYt��6B8a?�e =z6jINY�� � $k8<;k?�Yc?�U�6-ec6B8a=@m>E#m���8<;>?��Jm���U�m>E>?JE�8cYm�� �o6B8a?-e��omk]~?j��?JEZ8��JV�ef={8<=NYc;�OPmkA�efEk6JI�m%�rC!U>U�Iw=:?�^yR ;G}HYc=:�GY!�,�+$-������Q5��� �

���-;>?�ec?-e�� ����>�>����s e<}�Y<8a6JIKIw=@g�6B8a=@m~E�=@E�U�m>ec?ZY��Gs|?-��?JEZ8 6�E>^�s|m~Ek�-ec?B8a?�l`?ZY�?J6-ec�J; ����$N������>Q-�����>�

���-;>?�ec?-e�� (���>�����|�k8<e�?ZYdY'�Necm�� �-ef}(Y<8a6JIKI@=@g'6B8a=@m~Eom���Yc6JIK8 �Gs|?J��?JEZ8T6JE>^�s|m~E���ec?B8a?�l`?ZYc?�6-ec�J;����+$S�������>Q�������

�G8a?-=XF�?-et5 ����>������steu}HYu8a6JIrF>ecm �!8<;#=@E#U�m>efmGArY|��6B8a?-ef=w6JINY � $k8<;>?��-e<}(Yu8a6JI@I:=@g�698f=@m>E#U>ec?ZYqYuA�ec?�m��tIw6-efF�?�-ef}�Yu8a6JINY���O9mGA�efE>6JI�m�� s ef}HYu8a6JI��1e�m �!8<; �(� � $-�(�>�'Q5� �>�