HAARP RESONANCE - CONTROLLED WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTION STUDIES IN THE RADIATION BELTS

7/29/2019 HAARP RESONANCE - CONTROLLED WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTION STUDIES IN THE RADIATION BELTS

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DENNIS PAPADOPOULOSUMCP

CONTROLLED WAVE PARTICLEINTERACTION STUDIES IN THE

RADIATION BELTS

ACKNOWLEDGE: C.L.CHANG, J.LEBINSKY AT BAESYSTEMSXI SHAO, B.ELIASSON, S. SHARMA AND G. MILIKHAT UMCPSUPPORT: MURI/ONR AND BRIOCHE/DARPA

PRESENTATION TOHAARP/RESONANCEWORKSHOPNOVEMBER, 8,2011

UMCP


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Wave-particle interactions study undercontrolled wave injection

B0

trapped

Inner RB (1.5


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e

J

Hall

JPedersen

Bo

The Plasma Physics of the PEJ

e=

=

/ / P H en e

en e

J J

T

=

E

+ + + + +

+ + + + +

I I I I I I I

Eo

Injects whistlers

and SAW

heater

E

H

TEMmode

Near field Far field

FAC

0


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ELF/VLF ground detection andpropagation

101

102

103

104

10-6

10-5

10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

Frequency (Hz)

P o w e r

S p e c

t r a

l D e n s

i t y

( p T

2 / H z

)

100 Hz

200 Hz 500 Hz

1 kHz

2 kHz

5 kHz

150 km

Moore et al.GRL 2008

5400kmaway

Midway

1 Hz


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ELF/VLF signals observed in LEO (~700km) at lateral distances of >400 -km fromHAARP

Simultaneous measurement of all sixcomponents (3 E , 3B) allows estimationof the Poynting vector

Total ELF/VLF radiated power estimatedto be ~10 to 30 Watts in the range ~100

Hz to 800 Hz .

Heated region

ELF/VLF ray

Demeter pass

HAARP-DEMETER VLF INJECTION

COURTESY STANFORD UNIVERSITY


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HAARP/CLUSTER INJECTION

COURTESY STANFORD UNIVERSITY


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SEPTEMBER 28, 2008

Frequency .2 Hz

Closest distance 80 km

Detection time 25 sec

Detection distance 150km

Maximum E 10 mV/m

1.5 pT on the ground

SAW DEMETER Detection

BeforeAfter

.2 Hz


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MS Wave

Ionospheric Current Drive (ICD) Concept

2 exp( ) B p

J i t B

=Step 1:

Step 2: E field of MS wave drives Hall current in E-regionresulting in secondary antenna resembling PEJ

Injects SAWupwards and ELF

in the Earth-IonosphereWaveguide

DOES NOT REQUIRE EJET CAN BE IMPLEMENTED ANYWHERE AND ANYTIME

Papadopoulos et al.GRL 2011

F- region coolingresponse does notallow frequencies

higher than 60-70Hz


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Cylindrical Coordinates

MS SAW

Papadopoulos et al. GRL 2011


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10 Hz


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Secondary Antenna Current andGround Field

J Br


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PoP Exps: PEJ to ICD Transition

12

Scaling withpower andfrequency

PEJ

ICD


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ICD PoP ExperimentsPapadopoulos et al GRL 2011b

10/14-10/21 Magnetometer below 10 nT 10/14-10/23 55 hours of VLF/ELF/ULF tests 6 hours of VLF ground measurements PEJ operational

51 hours of low ELF/ULF (12-44 Hz)ground measurements

13


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ELF detection at Distant Sites

Distance to Gakona Lake Ozette, WA (W)

1300 mi Hawaii (H)

2900 mi Guam (G)

4800 mi Detection under quiet Gakona cond. No detection during electrojet days Oct. 22-23


15/362 Hz


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Proof of Concept ICD Experiment Conducted under DARPA/BRIOCHE

Chang-Lebinsky-Milikh-Papadopoulos

2.8 MHz, O-mode


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Low ELF Observed by Demeter Satellite

2010-11-06, 06:15:00-06:34:30 ELF 11 Hz modulation (O-MZ)

11Hz showed along track nearHAARP, not before/after

Duration: 17s or 130 km Peak Ey ~ 0.08 (mV/m) 2/Hz

BRIOCHE QPR4 NOV 2010 17


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Msonic Wave Injection

10 sec oscillations

.1 Hz

DEMETER

Over 700 km distance


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Implications of ICD to RB and RBR Potential Arecibo/RBSP Tests

HF heating

SAWinjectionB

MS

SA

RBSP


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ICD - Implications

Mid-latitude Heaters Arecibo , SURA : Wave Particle InteractionStudies in the inner Belt

21


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Frequency Selection for ProtonsExample for L=1.5

2

( , )cos 2

z p

z A

A

k V

k V MV

E E

=

Frequency Selection for Resonance of Protons with SAW

SAW Injection

Frequency requirement for equatorialresonance with SAW at L=1.5

Frequency range 5-30 Hz


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2 22 2 3

21

2 2

2

/

1( | |) ( )

for

As a result 1/ / before

reaching resonance (1/ 0)

z z e

pe pj

je j

j

z e z

z

k v

k c

k c

k v

k

=

=

= +

ENERGETIC ELECTRON WP INTERACTIONS DUE TO EMIC WAVES

Summers et al., 1998, 2000, 2003

Outer Belts

HELIUM BRANCH


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Physics Studies HAARP/Resonance Wave-particle interactions in the

Radiation Belts Whistler range Artificially Stimulated Emissions (ASE)

ULF - MHD Study

SA ,EMIC and MS wave injection inspace. Interactions with trappedelectron and ions

Excitation of the Ionospheric AlfvenResonator (IAR)

SA wave (Pc1) triggering


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Controlled VLF Wave InjectionArtificially Stimulated Emissions (ASE)

Siple Station Antartica (Stanford NSF) Helliwell (1973-1987):L=4.2, 1.5 MW, 42 km length antenna on 2 km thick ice sheet,Inject 3-6 kHz Very difficult and inefficient to inject ELF/VLF with groundfacilities

Triggered Emissions


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15 dB/s Amplification & Triggered Emissions

Only the pulse at 1100 Hz is amplified

Cluster 5 R E

Demeter


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Spectrum before HAARP ULFStart Experiment AmbientNoise

Spectrum after HAARP ULF StartNoise Increase by more than 10-20 dB

between .7-10 Hz

Shumann

60 Hz

Pc1 Triggered Emissions ?


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ULF at Gakona Power Spectral Density (PSD)

Frequency spectrum in amoving time window

Clear Schumannresonances at 8, 14, .. Hz

Signals emerge as freq.peaks in sync with HAARPULF operation

Greatly varying

background below 1 Hz

Triggered Pc1

broadband


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The Future

HAARP

Arecibo

Use Ionospheric heaters (HF) to inject ULF/ELF/VLFwaves in the L-shell that spans the heater and diagnose

it with RBSP, Resonance, DSX, ePOP

Ionospheric HeatersHAARP (L4.9) Arecibo (L1.4) Tromso (L5.9 ) SURA (L2.6 )

Launch May 18, 20122 probes,


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THEMIS (NASA)Launch Feb 17, 20075 identical probes (3)

ORBITALS (CSA)Launch 2012-2013

Orbit(?) ~L=2 to L=6

DSX (AFRL)Launch ~2012MEO, wave/particle

RESONANCE (Russia)Launch ~2012-14, 4-spacecraftOrbit:1800x30,000km, ~63 incl.

Launch May 18, 2012 2 probes,


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Inner Proton Belt Accessible from Arecibo

Typical inner belt protonlifetimes:

10 MeV decades50 MeV century

SA Wave BoundaryNo SA Waves

No wave activity at SAWand EMIC branches


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Inner Proton Belt Accessible from Arecibo

Typical inner belt protonlifetimes:

10 MeV decades50 MeV century

SA Wave BoundaryNo SA Waves

No wave activity at SAWand EMIC branches


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Growth & Saturation

Amplitude in~100 Hz band


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Amplitude Effect on Growth

COHERENT GROWTH 20-30 dB

THRESHOLD SIGNAL SATURATION TRIGGERED EMISSIONS

risers, fallers, hooks ENTRAINMENT

TRANSITION TO OSCILLATOR BEHAVIOR

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HAARP RESONANCE - CONTROLLED WAVE PARTICLE INTERACTION STUDIES IN THE RADIATION BELTS