H2 Computing (9597)

H2 Computing (9597)Module 2 : Interface And Interactions

2.1 Interacting with computersStudents will learn about and apply good design principles and techniques for effective user interfaces and interactions to facilitate navigation and usability of computer systems; and data input and output for computer systems. Students will also know and understand the effects of technology developments and the use of technology on people and organizations, and in society.

Students should know and understand2.1.1 Types of user interfaces

(eg. Command line, menu, form-based, graphical)2.1.2 Specifications of appropriate interface and user interaction2.1.3 Design considerations for user interfaces2.1.4 Interaction techniques such as mouse click, key press, use of voice, gesture,

and eye movement2.1.5 Interaction styles such as command line, menu, graphical user interface

and virtual reality2.1.6 Social, ethical and economic effects of the use of computers at work, in

life and play.

“ Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them. ”

[ ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human-Computer Interaction [Hewett et al., 2002, page 5] ]

What is Human Computer interaction?

Design• A plan or drawing produced to show the look and

function or workings of object before it is made.

Evaluation• Assessment• the making of a judgement about the amount,

number, or value of something;

Implementation• Execution• the process of putting a decision or plan into effect;

Interactive

• Accepting input from a human. • Interactive computer systems are programs

that allow users to enter data or commands.• A non-interactive program is one that, when

started, continues without requiring human contact.

• A compiler is a non-interactive program, as are all batch processing applications.

Why is HCI important?

It all comes down what it aims to achieve

The goal of interaction between a human and a machine at the user interface is effective operation and control of the machine, and feedback from the machine which aids the operator in making operational decisions.

Effective: successful in producing a desired or intended result

Why HCI?

User interfaces exist for various systems, and provide a means of:• Input

– allowing the users to manipulate a system• Output

– allowing the system to indicate the effects of the users' manipulation

Task

What are the common input and output devices and how we use them to • Manipulate & maneuver in a computer system• allowing the system to indicate the effects of

the users' manipulationWhy is it an effective device?Explore different I/O methods

Task OutcomeI/O devices provides a medium for interactivityInput devices

• Purpose: Provides data and control signals to a computer

Output devices

• Purpose: converts machine-readable information into human-readable form

Your answers must cover inputs and outputs for the followings: • Text• Graphics• Sound• Video

Task OutcomeI/O devices provides a medium for interactivityInput devices

• Purpose: Provides data and control signals to a computer• Capture user inputs such as text, sound, movements, graphics, gestures• Devices: Keyboard, Mouse, Microphone, Scanner, Video Cameras, …• The choice of it depends on the what is to be communicated to the computer• Example:

– Keyboard (text), – Mouse (pointing), – Microphone (Audio), – Scanner (Graphics), – Video Cam (Sequences)

Task OutcomeI/O devices provides a medium for interactivity

Output devices

• Purpose: converts machine-readable information into human-readable form • Devices: Monitor/Displays, Speakers, Printer, ….• The choice of it depends on the what is to be communicated to human• Example:

– Monitor (Display text, graphics, videos), – Speakers (Audio), – Printer (Graphics)

How about this?

How about this?Accelerometer

• a device that can measure the force of acceleration, whether caused by gravity or by movement.

• An accelerometer can therefore measure the speed of movement of an object it is attached to.

How about this?Gyroscope

• It is a device used to measure or maintain orientation.

• the gyroscope together with the device’s accelerometer improves motion sensing accuracy and allows the iPad to measure in which direction you are moving/rotating it in space (roll, pitch and yaw), how much and how fast.

How about this?Accelerometer + three-axis gyroscope + compass

• They sense which direction iPad is heading and how it’s moving. So games, maps, and other apps know your every twist, turn, tilt, and 360.

Rare Devices• Input: Nose Hardware - Gesture interface• Output: Smell-O-TV - Release Scents

• Scent as an Outputhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiWdF3u9C0whttp://mashable.com/2014/03/05/oscar-mayer-bacon-app/?utm_cid=mash-com-fb-main-link

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PiWdF3u9C0w




“ Human-computer interaction is a discipline concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them. ”

[ ACM SIGCHI Curricula for Human-Computer Interaction [Hewett et al., 2002, page 5] ]

Interacting with computers

What is user interface?• In short, UI …• The means by which the user and a computer

system interact, in particular the use of input devices and software

Good or Bad UI? Why? How do we measure?

EFFECTS OF BAD UI DESIGN

Popular InterfacesWindow OS

MAC OS

Characteristics of these OS UIs that make them widely adopted?

EvolutionWindows 8

Note that:• Some of the key

UIs in older versions are replaced/removed/ Hidden

Mobile InterfacesIOS• Enable by new devices

Mobile Interfaces

Android• Enable by new devices

Things to ponder

• What are the different types of UI?• Characteristics of good/Bad UIs • How UI evolves from versions/time?

Before we study the above, its important to look at Usability:• What do we use it for?• What are the outcomes we hope to achieve from using the system?


Outcome of an effective UI DesignUsability

– is the ease of use and learnability of a human-made object.

– It is not possible to evaluate the usability of an interface without tying it up with the actual activities the user wants to use the system for.

What do you think is the level of usability for Windows OS UI?

(Windows 7)

Interacting with computersSpecifications of appropriate interface and user interactionUnder this questions we have a few things to clarify

What kind of interface are we looking at?

What is the purpose of using the computer?




We interact through Computers for various purposeFor Work & Studies

– Word processing– Presentation– Data analysis– Programming

For Leisure– Gaming– Browsing Web sites

• etc


What kind of interface are we looking at?


What are the different types of interfaces?• Graphical User interface• Command line interface• Menu interface


What are the different types of interfaces?• Graphical User interface

– A visual way of interacting with a computer using items such as windows, icons, and menus.

– Instead of typing in a command we ‘click’ , ’Select’ using a pointing device

Devices: Pointing Devices, Mouse, touchpads etc

What are the characteristics of GUI?

What are the characteristics of GUI?

• User interacts with graphics rather than text• Direct manipulation of the graphic elements• user clicks on a visual screen that has icons,

windows and menus, by using a pointing device, such as a mouse.

• Hints/Help given via pop ups• WIMP "window, icon, menu and pointing device"

paradigm– Note: Not all GUIs satisfy the WIMP paradigm eg. Mobile


Command line interface• accept only predefined command names

Eg. DOS (non-graphical command line operating system created for IBM compatible computers that was first introduced by Microsoft in August 1981)- List of commands @- http://www.computerhope.com/overview.htm- Command prompt

Device: Keyboards

http://www.computerhope.com/overview.htm

http://www.computerhope.com/overview.htm

What are the characteristics of CLI?

• User interacts by input text• No help given unless command input by user• What are the strengths of CLI ?

What are the strengths of CLI?– Complete control over system

• Passing of arguments for a command– Powerful for many tasks

• consider having a directory with hundreds of different file types in it. Moving, copying, eventually renaming them would be very hard in a GUI file browser

– Less memory– Allow a user to perform one or more commands using

one simple, easy to write command.

IF CLI is so good why do masses still move on to GUI?


Menu interface– menu based interface offers the user a list of

option from which the user can choose.– menu-based interfaces allow the user to select the

correct command from a list (the menu) presented onscreen

– Beside applications, commonly found on monitors , TV, devices

Characteristics of Menu Based Interface?

• User interacts by choosing the correct/ preferred options

• No help necessary• Why MBI?

Characteristics of Menu Based Interface?

• Why MBI?– Easy to use– No commands to remember– Confined by Input methods– To Limit the input choices


Other UIsTouchscreens (No pointing devices)• They work by your finger touching a screen. The pressure

is detected and translated by the device into instructions.• Used in

– Cashpoint machines (ATMs) have touch sensitive screens– Ticket ordering systems in train and bus stations– Museums and art galleries often have touch sensitive screens– Smart phones make use of touch sensitive interfaces

• Very similar to GUI just without the input devices

Task 2 – Pair Work - 10 minsTask descriptions: Compare & Contrast the various form of UI• What are the strength of each UI?• What are the weakness of each UI?Which is the best UI and why?

HomeworkExpand on your group work and do a write up on the strength & weaknesses of

– CLI– MBI– GUI

In your opinion, which is the best interface and justify why so.

Word processed and print a copy for submission.

Documents

H2 Computing (9597)