H NC O SHydrocarbon

sCarbohydrates & Lipids

Amino acids & proteins

More amino acids & proteins

P

RNA, & DNA

Write down the type of organic compounds built from the elements indicated

Match images to polyatomic ion: sulfite__ sulfate__,__ nitrate__,__ chlorate__ hypochlorite__ ammonium__,__ cyanide__

Building Blocks

Practice exam for test 2, CHM130: Ken Costello, instructor

Write the formula for the following polyatomic ions (include the charge).

Perchlorate: ________Chlorate: ________Chlorite: ________

Hypochlorite: ________

Nitrite: _________Nitrate: _________

Ammonium: _________Phosphate: _________

ClO4-

ClO3-

ClO2-

ClO-

NO2-

NO3-

NH4+

PO43-

Write the correct formula for the following compounds

Potassium nitrate: ___________

Calcium nitrate: ___________

Magnesium chlorate: __________

Hydrogen cyanide: ___________

Ammonium nitrate: _________

Calcium sulfate: ____________

Sodium sulfite: _____________

Calcium carbonate: __________

KNO3

Ca(NO3)2

Mg(ClO3)2

HCN

NH4NO3

CaSO4

Na2SO3

CaCO3

Cyanide: _________Sulfite: _________

Sulfate: _________Carbonate: _________

CN-

SO32-

SO42-

CO32-

Formula:

Silver=+1

Zinc = +2

Formula: Iron=+3

Formula:

Formula:

It’s December and you want to heat up your pool. It is currently 50oF (10oC) and you want it raised to 80oF (27oC) Using an electric heater, how much will it cost if 1 kilowatt-hour is 10 cents? The pool is 7.0 meters long, 5.0 meters wide and 2.0 meters deep.

A. What’s the volume in cubic meters? ______

B. What is the volume in cubic centimeters?___________

C. What is the total grams of the water? ____________ A calorie is defined as the energy needed to raise one gram of water one degree Celsius. D. How many calories will it take to raise the pool water from 10oC to 27oC? _______________

E. 1 calorie = 1.2 x 10-6 kilowatts hours. How many kilowatt-hours will you need? ____________

F. How much will it cost to heat the pool from 50oF (10oC) to 80oF (27oC)? _______________

7.0m x 5.0m x 2.0m= 70. m3

70 m3 x 100cm/mx100cm/mx100cm/m= 70,000,000 cm3

since 1cm3 water=1 g 70,000,000 grams

70,000,000 grams 17oC 1 calorie = 1,190,000,000 calories or 1.19x109 caloriesg. oC

1.19x109 calories 1.2x10-6 kilowatt-hrs = 1.428x103 kilowatt-hours1 calorie 1.428x103 kilowatt-hours $0.10 = $142.80 > $140

kilowatt-hr

0.15 meters = 15 centimetersStarting units End units

.01

1 centiequal

100 miles = 2000 milesRate Answer

20 hours

4 lbs. = 1816 grams

1 lb.

454 g20 grams = 0.5 grams

1000 mL1 Liter

0.25 Liters = 250 milliliters

.001

1 milli

1 cal = 1.01 kcal101 g

Metric facts:

1 meter was originally defined as the distance from equator to north pole divided by? 10 millionOne tenth of a meter is called a decimeterHow many centimeters (cm) in one meter? 100How many millimeters (mm) in one meter? 1000The volume of 1,000 cubic centimeters (cm3 or cc) is called a liter. How many milliliters (mL) are in a liter? 1000A milliliter (mL) is what fraction of a liter? 1 thousandthA milliliter is how many cubic centimeters? 1A cubic centimeter of water has the mass of how many grams? 1A liter of water has the mass of how many grams? 1000

30 inches = 76.2 cm1 inch

2.54 cm

hour

Quantity

Liter

25 mLQuantityequal

gOC

Qty Qty10 OC

Answer

Answer

1000

1 kiloequal

Complete the below conversions Complete the below dimensional analysis problems

Rate

Rate

Abundance of elements in the Earth’s crust

The website, www.webelements.com provides these 3-d graphs of abundance of elements. What elements predominate the Earth’s crust?1. 2.3. 4.5. 6. 7.

Abundance of Hydrogen in ppb by wt % Log ppb by atoms %Universe 750,000,000 75 8.88 930,000,000 93

Earth’s crust 1,500,000 0.15 6.18 310,000,000 31Sea water 107,800,000 11 8.03 662,000,000 66

Human 100,000,000 10 8.00 620,000,000 62A) How do explain that 11% of the weight of sea water is hydrogen, but 66% of the

number of atoms in sea water is hydrogen? Hydrogen is very light, so it takes more of them to compete by weight.

B) In humans, hydrogen make up 10% of its weight and 62 out of 100 atoms in the body. What compounds in the body have hydrogen?Water, lipids, sugars, carbohydrates, proteins.

C) What does the log of 8 mean? It means 10 to the 8th power or 100,000,000 Fused for Nuclear Fuel Main Products Temperature

Hydrogen (H) 4He 4 million KHelium (4He) 12C 150 million KCarbon (12C) 16O, 20Ne, 24Mg 1 billion KNeon (20Ne) 24Mg 2 billion K

Oxygen (16O) 28Si, 32S 3 billion KSilicon(28Si) 56Fe, 56Ni 4 billion K

Fused during neutron core explosion All elements less than Fe 10-100 billion KCreated from neutron capture in Supernova All elements heavier than Fe 4 billion K

A) What does the 12 mean in 12C? It is the total of protons and neutrons in this isotope of carbon.

B) What temperature is oxygen created from carbon? And what other element is needed? 1 billion degrees Kelvin, and helium is fused to the carbon.

C) Alchemists tried to turn common metals into gold and there are plenty of websites still saying they can do that. They could if they did what? Placed common metals in a supernova, or bombard metals with high energy neutrons.

What does “ppb” mean? ________________

This galaxy is measured to be 30,000,000,000,000,000,000 miles away and traveling 2,000,000,000 miles per year directly away from us. How far was it from us 15,000,000,000 years ago? (d=vt): ___________________

Write what type of reaction it is and balance the following chemical equations.

2KClO3 2KCl + 3O2

2AlCl3 + 3Ca 3CaCl2 + 2Al

2NaCl + MgSO4 Na2SO4 + MgCl2

CH3CH2OH + 3O2 2CO2 + 3H2O

CaO + H2O Ca(OH)2

Single replacement

Decomposition

Double replacement

Combustion

Synthesis (combination)

Zinc is used to protect iron in contact with salty Zinc is used to protect iron in contact with salty water. What kind of reaction does this?water. What kind of reaction does this?

And balance the equation.And balance the equation.3Zn + 2FeCl3 2Fe + 3ZnCl2

If a yellow circle is one gram, which graphic bests illustrates the division?___

A)

B)3 1/5 g

3 1/5

What is the net charge of this fluorine atom?

What does the “+2” in Ca+2 mean? There are two more protons than electrons making a plus 2 charge.

NaOH + CH3COH CH3CONa + HOH

Lye (sodium hydroxide-NaOH) is very corrosive. Acetic acid can be used to neutralize it. The acid from the acetic acid and the hydroxide from lye form what compound? ___________O

||O|| What kind of reaction is this?

_____________

SYMBOLS: Answer T for True/ F for false: H2O is water___ Formula for water is H2O___ H is hydrogen__ H is symbol for hydrogen___ Letter grade “A” means you know subject___ Letter grade “A” means you got an “A” for a grade___ ½ is a fraction___ ¼ is fractional numeral___ V is half of W___ The number five has 4 letters ___ Zero is nothing___ Zero is something_____4 60Co+3

27 2There are 7 symbols. What do each mean?

Single Replacement Reaction

Water

Double replacement

4 is four pairs of cobalt60 is total # of protons & neutrons27 is atomic number (# protons)2 is 2 cobalt atoms+ is positive charge3 is how many electrons lost that caused protons to outnumber electrons.

Water is released

Propyl acetate > pear flavor

O||

O||

CH3-CH2-CH2-OH + CH3C-OH H2O + CH3CH2CH2-O-CCH3

OHO

O||

H2O +HO

O||

OH

+

+ H2O +HO

O||

Octanol (or gasoline>alcohol) +acetic acid water + Octyl acetate (orange flavor)

Benzyl alcohol (globs in lava lamps) + acetic acid water + Benzyl acetate (peaches, strawberries)

OH HO

O||

+ H2O +

OH HO

O||

+

Isopentenyl alcohol + acetic acid water + Isopentenyl acetate (Juicy-Fruit)

H2O +

OH + HO

O|| H2O +

Isobutanol (solvent/hydraulic fluid) + propionic acid (fungicide) water + Isobutyl propionate (Rum flavor)

+ H2O +

Ethanol (liquor) + butyric acid (rancid butter) water + Ethyl butyrate (Apple flavor)

OH

O||

HO

HO

H2O ++

Acetic acid (vinegar)Propanol (propyl alcohol)

HHH H

C

H

C

H

OH

H C

H O

HH

C

H

CO

H H HC

H

C

H

OH C

HO

C

H

HH

C

water +Amyl salicylate (Pineapple flavor)

H HCH

O HH CH O

HHC

HC

OH H

C

H

HC

H

Example

EsterWrite the synthesized esters in shorthand formulas

Amyl alcohol (oil of potato spirit)

salicylic acid (wart remover)