H H H H 'v'v'v'v ......2010/11/12 · 4 Ulrich Teichler, “The ERASMUS Experience: Major Findings of the ERASMUS Evaluation Research Project” Wissenschaftliches Zentrum fÛr Berufs-und

1

ERASMUS1 (European Commission)

1987 12

2007 31 3100 16 2

6 2

87 9 190

(Lifelong Learning) 3 2007

2013 7 6 9700

4 2 7880

European Credit Transfer and

Accumulation System ECTS

20

Ulrich Teichler 1987

2004

Ulrich

Teichler 2004

1957 3 128

4 1970 1980

1976 10 Joint Study Program

1987 6 3

1 European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students 2 European Commission, “Interest in the Erasmus Programme for Students and Universities Continues to

Increase” [Press Release, Reference no. IP/08/736] (Brussels, May 13, 2008); “ERASMUS” at

http://ec.europe.eu/education/lifelong-learning-programme/cod80_en.htm 3 1957 3 25

(EEC) 1958 1 1

4 Ulrich Teichler, “The ERASMUS Experience: Major Findings of the ERASMUS Evaluation Research Project”

Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Berufs-und Hochshulforschung der Universität Gesamthochschule Kassel,,

(Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996) p.6

2

5 (European

Community) 1993

1

(1987-1995 )

(1996-2000 ) 1993 EU 6

SOCRATES7

(Institutional Agreement)

(2000-2006 ) II

2000

2007-2013

4

(1987-1995 )

1968 (European Council)

1987 8 1989 3

1988 ECTS 1989 5

1990 1995 2 1992

12 9

European Free-Trade Association) 10 1994 20

5 , - -

17 15 3 p. 74 6 1993 1993

12 1995 3 2004

10 2007 2009 27 7 European Community Action Programme in Education 8 Teichler, 1996, p. 6 9

10

3

3 1

11

1 3,244

1990-1991 25,835 1993-1994

54,379 12

1996

1993 11 12

126 13

3 1996

1995

2 (1995-1999 )

1996

1

11 Teichler, 1996, p. 1 12 European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture,( EC) Gateway to Education,

SOCRATES, European Community Action Programme in the Field of Education (2000-2006) (Luxembourg,

Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000), p. 30 13 1993 126 1997

126 149

1999

4

14

1995 15

( )

16

17

1997 UNESCO

18 1998

800 Mobility Employability

1999 6 19 29 31

19 2010 6

1999

14 Irving Mitchell) (2000 8 29

) 15 Andris Barblan and Ulrich Teicheler, “Implementing European Strategies in Universities: The Socrates

Experience”, in Andris Barblan, Sybbile Reichert et al. (ed.) Implementing European Policies in Higher Education Institutions (Kassel, Germany, Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Berufs-und Hochshulforschung der Universität

Gesamthochschule Kassel, 2000) p. 93 16 17 Barbara M. Kehm, Strategic Management of Internationalization Processes: Problems and Options, (Lutherstadt

Wittenberg, Germany: Institute for Higher Education Research Wittenberg, 1999) pp. 369-382. 18 Council of Europe-UNESCO Joint Convention, Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications concerning

Higher-Education in the European Region [The European Treaty Series, no. 135](Lisbon, 11 April 1997). 19 The Confederation of EU Rectors’ Conferences and the Association of European Universities (CRE), Bologna

Declaration on the European space for higher education; an explanation (February 29, 2000) pp. 7-8

5

2 2000 2006

Teichler (2008)

20

3 (2000-2006 )

3 II 2000 1 1 2006 12 26

II 7 18 5

8 21

10

6

(ERASMUS Thematic

Network) ECTS

Diploma

Supplement DS 2004

ECTS DS

ECTS Label Institution DS Label Institution

21 ECTS 96 DS

TUNING Tuning Educational

Structures in Europe

22

EU-JAPAN EU-USA EU-CANADA EU-CHINA

EU-AUSTRALIA

2004

(2007-2013 )

2007-2013 7

20 Ulrich Teichler, Keynote Speech “Student Mobility: Where Do We Come from, Where Are We, Where Are We

Going to Inside the EHEA?” at the Bologna Conference “Fostering Student Mobility: Next Step? Involving

Stakeholders for an Improved Mobility Inside the EHEA” (Brussels, 29-30 May 2008). 21 The European Commission, SOCRATES Programme Guidelines for Application, (Document, June 2000 edition) ,

p. 3. 22 Julia Gonzalez and Robert Wagenaar, Tuning Educational Structures in Europe (Final Report): Phase One,

(Bilbao, Universidad de Deusto, 2003)

6

23 20

7 1

(Mobility), (2) (Multilateral Projects) (3)

Thematic Network 3

Transversal Programme 4

ERASMUS University Charter

4.5

16 26,000

1995199519951995----2006200620062006

1995-2006

149 150 24 25

(European Commission Office)

(Technical Assistance Office) 2

2006

36

(national agency)

2007 31 26

(a) (27 )

23 The European Commission, Lifelong Learning Programme-Call for Proposal 2008, [the Official Journal of the

European Union, C230/4], (February 10, 2007) 24 149 150 1993 126 127 1997

25 The European Commission, SOCRATES Programme: Guideline for Applications, (June 2000), p. 5. 26 EC, Gateway to Education,., p. 7.

7

(b) (EFTA/EEA27272727) (3 )

(c) (1 )

1987 2008 190

31 3,100 4

2008 2013 3 4.5

2000

II

2000 1 17 2000

3,850 222

2,180 ( 1,670

2,070 3

50.6

1 9,250 76.6

8,350

900

2) 2,150 17.8

1,150

1,000

670 5.6 3)

370 300

27 EEA: European Economic Area.

8

II

2007-2013

7 4

1 600

1 200 28

10101010

1995-1999 10 (

ECTS

)

29 II (2000-2006 )

(2007-2013 ) 10

(1) (OMS: Support for Organizing the Mobility of Students)

3 1

2005-2006 159,324

30 40 60 1994

2007 6.4 6.7 (42 )

31 2006-2007 (20.36 )

(14.94%) (11.8%) (10.8%) (6.58%)

32

28 600

1 2006/2007 190

”Chart: Average EU grant per student/month 2000/01-2006/07”

(http://ec.europa.eu/education/erasmus/doc920_en.htm.) 29 European Commission Directorate-General for Education and Culture,( EC) Socrates Programme;

ERASMUS Institutional Contact (Final Agreement 1998/99), (Official Document, Brussels, April 3,1998) 30 “Table: Erasmus student mobility 2006/2007: Total number of students by home and host country”

(http://ec.europa.eu/education/erasmus/doc920_en.htm.) 31 “Table: Erasmus student mobility: Average duration 1994/95 to 2006/07”

(http://ec.europa.eu/education/erasmus/doc920_en.htm.) 32 “Table: Erasmus student mobility 2006/2007: Subject areas EC”,

(http://ec.europa.eu/education/erasmus/doc920_en.htm.) ; Gateway to Education,., p. 5-6, 36 53-55.

9

10

4,000 1700

16 1

20

(2) (TS: Teaching Staff Mobility)

1

1997-1998

7,797 2001-2002 15,872 2006-2007

25,808 33 6

7 1 600

(3) (ECTS)

ECTS

ECTS (Learning

Agreement) DS

(4) (PV: Preparatory Visits)

(5) (ETF: ERASMUS Teaching Fellowship)

II (2000-2006 )

(6) (EM: European Modules)

(European Dimension)

(7) (CDI: Curriculum Development at Intermediate level)

33 “Table: Erasmus teacher mobility 1997/98 – 2006/07”

(http://ec.europa.eu/education/erasmus/doc920_en.htm.)

10

(8) (CDA: Curriculum Development at Advanced level)

(9) (ILC: Integrated Language Courses)

(

)

(10) (IP: Intensive Programmes)

10

2004

1

2004 2008 2 2009-2013

3

1

3

2

3

3 3

EU-USA

11

EFTA/EEA

2

3 2004-2008 5

6,000

1,000 3

2

2009 2013 5 9.5

12

Teichler 2008 34

1950 60

35

Quality

Assurance Agency

“Tuning Educational Structures in Europe” ( TUNING

)

ECTS (Learning Agreement) Diploma

Supplement, DS 36

34 Ulrich Teichler, Keynote Speech “Student Mobility: Where Do We Come from, Where Are We, Where Are We

Going to Inside the EHEA?” at the Bologna Conference “Fostering Student Mobility: Next Step? Involving

Stakeholders for an Improved Mobility Inside the EHEA” (Brussels, 29-30 May 2008) 35 Council of Europe and UNESCO, Convention on the Recognition of Qualifications Concerning Higher Education

in the European Region, (The European Treaty Series no. 135, Lisbon, 1997) Article XI.4. [ ]

50 90 36 Diploma Supplement

learning Outcomes

13

ECTS

ECTS

ECTS

37

ECTS ECTS

1,000

ECTS Learning Outcomes38 DS

ECTS

ECTS 25 30

ECTS ECTS

39

ECTS

ECTS

5

1 1 DS

40 DS

37 2005 2 15 38 Learning Outcomes

39 2005 2 15

2005 3 14 22 40 2000 2005 2007 2008

ECTS

14

1987-1995 1996

41

Teichler

1996

EU

42

1987-1995

43

1990

1997

(Council of Europe) UNESCO

41 Commission of the European Communities, Education-Training-Research: The Obstacles to Transnational

Mobility, [Green Paper], (Brussels, February 10, 1996, No. COM(96) 462 final) 55 pp 42 Ulrich Teichler, “The ERASMUS Experience: Major Findings of the ERASMUS Evaluation Research Project”

Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Berufs-und Hochshulforschung der Universität Gesamthochschule Kassel,,

(Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1996) 209 pp 43 2008 12

15

NARIC44 ENIC45 46

1998 4

1

EU

ECTS

1999 29

1987-1995

1996 Teichler 1996

1997

6

ECTS

47

2010

1 2 48 2

ECTS 3 DS

1997

ENIC-NARIC

1999

2000

44 National Academic Recognition Information Centers 45 European Network of Information Centers 46 Council of Europe and UNESCO, 47 The Bologna Declaration on the European Space for Higher Education: an Explanation, Brussels, the

Confederation of EU Rector’s Conferences and the Association of European Universities (CRE), 1999, 10 pp. 48 5 3-4 1-2

16

European Network for Quality Assurance for Higher Education (

ENQA)

49 2003

2

2005

European Research Area

2004 ENQA

association

NARIC ENIC ENQA

1

2000

“Tuning Educational Structures in Europe” (

TUNING ) TUNING

2 ECTS

Learning

Outcomes

ENQA

TUNING

ENICENICENICENIC ENQAENQAENQAENQA

NARIC

ENIC

ENIC

49 ENQA 2009 3 17

17

50

ENQA 2000

2001 ENQA

ENQA, European University Association; EUA

European Association of Institutions of Higher Education; EURASHE

European Student Information Bureau; ESIB European Students' Union; ESU

51 2003

2005

ENQA 3

2005 52

Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area (

) 2005

5

53

ENQA

5

ENQA

50

16 3 29 p.52. 51 (standards/ réfé

rences) 4 28

2007 2 47p. 52 Ibid.; ENQA 2009 3 17 53 ENQA, Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area, (Helsinki, 2005)

p.5.

18

)

54

ENQA 3 1

55

2007

ENQA

56

ENQA

TUNINGTUNINGTUNINGTUNING

2000 TUNING

1

Learning Outcomes

54 Ibid. 55 ENQA 2009 3 17 56 Ibid.

19

Learning Outcomes

1 2000-2002

100 Learning Outcomes

57 Learning Outcomes

genetic competences58 subject competences59

TUNING 2 2003-2004

3 2005-2006

9 EU

60 2004 2007

TUNING

TUNING

2008 4 European Qualification

Framework EQF 61

TUNING

EQF TUNING

TUNING EQF

reference points

TUNING Learning Outcomes

TUNING

Learning Outcomes

62

57 Julia Gonzalez and Robert Wagenaar, ed., Tuning Educational Structures in Europe: First Report of Phase One,

(University of Deusto and University of Groningen, 2003), 316 pp. 58 Genetic competence

59 Subject competences 60 Julia Gonzalez and Robert Wagenaar, ed., Tuning Educational Structures in Europe II: Universities’ Contribution

to the Bologna Process, (University of Deusto and University of Groningen, 2005), 385 pp.; Robert Wagernaar

and Julia Gonzalez ( ) ”Tuning: Developing European an d Global Reference Points and Level (Cycle)

Descriptors for Subject Areas” http://www.jointquality.nl/content/5oktober/

Tuning%20and%20JQI%20Robert%20Wagenaar.ppt 61 European Communities, The European Qualifications Framework for Lifelong Learning (EQF), (Belgium, 2008)

15pp. 62 SOCRATES-ERASMUS 2005 2 15 University of Deusto

2005 3 22

20

Learning Outcomes

ECTS

ECTS

TUNING Learning Outcomes

63 ECTS

ECTS 1 25 30 5

125 150 ECTS Learning

Outcomes 5

TUNING

ECTS Learning Outcomes

ENQA

ENQA TUNING

2010

64

63 University of Antwerpen ERASMUS 2005 2 16 64 2008 3 10 17 9 14 19

21

1 ENQA

65

2

3

Learning Outcomes Learning Oucomes

4 ECTS DS

65 ENQA 2009 3 17

22

�

JASSO

�

2008 10 78 68 19

165 250 100

3

29

7 12 3

1997 1999

Commission on

Higher Education

3

5 1

Committee for the Development of the Assessment System of Higher

Edsucation Quality 2000

Office for National Education Standards and Qualiaty Assessment ONESQA

1 2 3 4

5 6 7 8 9

ONESQA

1999-2005 2 2006-2010

23

66

National Qualifications Framework

67

2001

30% 56%

1.5 20% 52%

26%

69

70

�

10 2011

66 P.G.

Varaporn Bovornsiri (2006) “Thailand” in Higher Education in South-East Asia,

UNESCO. 67 Varaporn Bovornsiri (2006) “Thailand” in Higher Education in South-East Asia, UNESCO. 69 P.G. Varaporn Bovornsiri (2006)

“Thailand” in Higher Education in South-East Asia, UNESCO. 70 (2004) 3

24

inbound/outboundinbound/outboundinbound/outboundinbound/outbound

� inboundinboundinboundinbound

2007 11000 5700 5300 11000

1000 2003 3800 3

71

2005 120 3902 98 1297 161 23 5601

2006 786 5490 8 1827 249 174 8534

2007 798 7184 152 2486 295 106 11021

2008 2242 10663 66 2679 364 347 16361

10 72

2006 2007 2008

1 2698 4028 7301

2 631 751 1301

3 599 741 999

4 521 664 984

5 493 527 895

6 449 494 828

7 401 469 403

8 364 403 344

9 213 290 340

10 209 237 328

73

71 Varaporn Bovornsiri (2008) “Fact Findings and responses to the Harmonization of Higher Education in

Southeast Asia: Thailand” SEAMEO-RIHED. 72 Ibid. 73

25

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

1186 1193 1624 2708 4042

304 308 409 599 751

359 346 489 631 741

226 229 436 493 664

329 227 246 401 494

128 158 166 364 469

161 219 307 449 403

72 120 162 213 290

85 105 71 111 143

51 59 70 93 135

2901 2964 3980 6062 8132

2007 37

ASEAN

10 74

2006 2007 2008

1 Assumption U. 2406 Assumption U. 2838 Assumption U. 2258

2 Mahidol U. 734 Mahidol U. 860 Mahachulalongkorn

Rajaridlaya U.

1329

3 Chulalongkorn U. 419 Chulalongkorn U. 651 Mahidol U. 1069

4 Thammasat U. 397 Mission U. 422 Burapha U. 591

5 Mission C. 365 Thammasat U. 308 Rangsit U. 487

6 Siam U. 250 Suan Dusit

Rahapat U.

305 Mission U. 430

74 Varaporn Bovornsiri (2008) “Fact Findings and responses to the Harmonization of Higher Education in

Southeast Asia: Thailand” SEAMEO-RIHED.

26

7 Rangsit 219 Rankamheang U. 270 Khon Kaen U. 425

8 U. of Thai

Chamber

Commerce

186 Rangsit U. 262 Suan Dusit

Rahapat U.

421

9 Bangkok U. 177 Chiang Rai

Rajapat U.

209 Chaing Mai U. 380

10 Stamford Intl. U. 173 Siam U. 206 Chulalongkorn U. 373

AUN

33000 24000 9000

150 50

International College 75 8

12 1 5 6 7 3

AUN

5 1 15000

100

2007 113 16

2004 10 76

254 240 14

153 132 21

127 103 24

53 50 3

75

76

27

36 29 7

18 14 4

17 14 3

15 12 3

11 9 2

9 7 2

693 610 83

� outboundoutboundoutboundoutbound

2007 24000

77

2004 2005 2006

8937 9021 9076

5449 4923 4659

3754 3940 4206

1604 1631 1623

958 1023 1022

618 602 744

435 453 481

100 250

2008 7 6350

4779 650 408 3

77 OECD Online Education Database

28

2008 2022 15 2015 ASEAN

ASEAN

78

UMAP

ASEAN SEAMEO

AUN

.

78 Commission on Higher Education (2008). Commission on Higher Education Thailand, June 2008.

29

�

�

2 79

Economic Development Board: EDB 1

EDB

16 INSEAD 19

4

2007

33 69

20% 62

2010

25%

2000 2002

2003

Quality Assurance Framework for Universities 3

3

SPRING

Singapore Quality Class for Private Education

Organisations: SQC-PEO

CASE

Consumers Association of Singapore

Case Trust for Education

80

79 Jason Tan (2006) “Singapore” in Higher Education in South-East Asia, UNESCO. 80

30

1

81

�

1996

10 2000 2

2000 15

23

3 82

1999

19

8

EDB 2

15 2015

Global Schoolhouse 2008 86,000

22,000 15

Schoolglobalhouse 2007

81 2006 - -

[ B] 82 Jason Tan (2006) “Singapore” in Higher Education in South-East Asia, UNESCO.

31

University of New South Wales UNSW 2007 2

UNSW

83

ASEAN

2

1



2

6

33000 25000 8000

19 2010 20

2007 1086 375 282

429

16 16000


8 3

84

1960-70

90

2 20 18

83 84 2004

32

2004 2005 2006

11200 10105 9555

3955 3937 4048

3905 3628 3273

( )

2007 938 234

297 407 10

20

1 300 1600

3 8 4

Japan Appreciation Club

UMAP AUN 2

ASEAN UMAP

33

34

� JASSO

JICA

�

2007

57

20

33

85

1996

2001

2020

86 1996

1995 20

8

1996 (Private Higher Educational Institutions Act)

87 25

2020 40

5 2003

4.8 713

85 University of Newcastle upon Tyne 5 86 Sirat Morshidi, “Transnational Higher Education in Malaysia: Balancing Benefits and Concerns through

Regulations” p. 113 in Futao Huang (ed.) Transnational Hirher Education in Asia and the Paficif Region [RIHE

International Publication Series no. 10] (Hiroshima, Research Institute for Higher Education, Hiroshima

University, 2006) 169pp. 87 Ibid, p. 114

35

2020 10

2007 MQF: Malaysian

Qualifications Framework

1996

(

LAN) LAN

2002

QAD: Quality Assurance Division

2003 LAN QAD 2007 MQF

MQA: Malaysian Qualifications Agency

MQF 3

3

�

2020 2008-2010

1996

2000 2010 10

2004

2010

UAE

6

36

US$

22000 13000 35000

13000 12000 25000

13500 12500 26000

10000 11500 21500

8500 8500 17000

7000 8500 15500

6000 9000 15000

12700 12700

4000 3500 7500

A Glance of Malaysian Higher Education (2008)



2008 57000

10

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

5634 6520 6886 7541 8454

10349 9250 9035 7310 6468

374 703 1181 1784 3678

179 381 622 1813 2884

2136 1635 5712 6517 2506

715 995 1444 1552 2016

160 160 206 517 1490

930 933 1208 1372 1350

1158 1426 1949 1819 1328

881 835 994 944 1148

71 1,500

2008-2009 160 267

1250 25 1

3

37

USM 28,000 5,000

3,500 320 2,100

150 Study abroad

25-30

128 80

USM

16

6.5 3.5

2008 60 UMAP

USM USM

200

200 16


2008 52411 10

2008

14,918

11,490

6,896

4,565

3,633

2,035

1,479

1,297

1226

919

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38

88

2007 242 JICA HELP 2007 80

2007 44

89

1

3

88 89 Morshidi (2006), p. 122

39

2 1 1

2

90

1 1

90 Morshidi (2004), pp. 116-120

40

�


1980

2004 2 10

2003 2007

91

1990

2000 2006 2007

1 2 3

1. 2000 2006

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

346 363 395 353 420 464 51952,150 61,869 8.58( ) 77,715 110,844 141,087 162,695

-46,788 -56,028 -79,755 -71,562 -104,129 -133,869 -154,211

35,671 41,226 6.05( ) 64,456 76,486 103712 119,733

16,479 20,643 2.53( ) 13,259 34,358 37,375 42,962

228 1,282 499 263 450 593

10,224 11,797 16,309 19,319 25,351 37,147

2,192 2,377 2,858 3,397 3,883 4,807 5,966

1,059 1,194 1,389 1,637 1,932 2,304 2,677

21,342 24,040 38,668 39,026 44,097 57,913 63,877

626 536 778 814 773 948 997

5,560,900 7,190,658 9,033,631 11,085,642 13,334,969 15,617,800 17,388,000

46,216

( )

( )

2001 2007

91 2003 2007 2003 2007

2004 2-23

41

2. 10

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

-16,787 -22,116 3.61( ) -35,353 -43,617 -54,079 -57,504

-13,806 -14,692 1.60( ) -12,765 -19,059 -18,874 -18,363

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7

8

9

10

4

5

6

1

2

3

1

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13862 105285 119147

15905 997 16902

6327 7495 13822

7860 944 8804

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968 443 1411

305 1056 1361

435 418 853

417 338 755

133 547 680

260 257 517

68213 127290 195503

6

42

92

6 3

3 2007 5,000

61

30

1998 2,000

92

43


1978

1993 2

1994 7

1996 6 20

1980

2004 2 10 2003 2007

4

1978 860 2006 134,000

1990 2,950 1995 20,381

/ 1978 2003

1990 7,647

93 2004

90.9 94 2004 2006 /

5 10%

90.2

93 1991 1991 387 94 2005 463

44

4

1978 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006

860 2,124 4,888 2,950 20,381 38,989 118,515 134,000

1

5

11.47 100.0% 11.85 100% 13.38 100.0%0.36 3.1% 0.40 3.4% 0.56 4.2%0.69 6.0% 0.81 6.8% 0.75 5.6%10.43 90.9% 10.65 89.9% 12.07 90.2%

20062004 2005

1

2004 61.7 6

32.1 27.9 25.2 14.2 0.5

95

6

1

�

(a) (a) (a) (a)

95 2005 463

2004

61.7 100.0%

19.8 32.1%

17.2 27.9%

15.5 25.2%

8.8 14.2%

0.3 0.5%

45

(b) (b) (b) (b)

(c) (c) (c) (c)

96

96

46

(d) (d) (d) (d)

15

(e) (e) (e) (e)

47

(f) (f) (f) (f)

(g) (g) (g) (g)

200

(h) (h) (h) (h)

1990

30

2008

20% 879

48

100

10

1990

1993

1993 6

1995 1

2003 3

49

2007

2007 2011 5

5,000

50

51

97979797

�

JASSO

�

�

4 20 2 3 152 4

80 90 84

70 4

90

98 2

3 6 9 12 15 16

1 50 3 3

4 140

�

2001

2001 11,646 2003 12,314

2004 “Study Korea Project” 2010

5 5

99 2008 63,952 2 5

8 2012 10

“Study Korea Project”

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

16,832 22,526 32,557 49,270 63,952

2008 Study Korea Project

97 2007

98 2001 18 2006 36 99 2004 16,832 2007 49,720 3 3

52


�

2008 63,952 44 44,746

31 19,521 19 12,388 100

63 2001 37 2

70 44,746 1 5 3,324 2 3

2,022 3 3 31 43

74 17 86 54,934

8 5,010

1 837 4

2

19,521 28,197 12,388 3,846 63,952

31 44 19 6 100


3

44,746 3,324 2,022 1,817 1,481 1,158 9,404 63,952

70 5 3 3 2 2 15 100


4

54,934 5,010 837 587 2,584 63,952

86 8 1 1 4 100


�

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1 62,392 28.8 2 57,504 26.5 3 17,274 8.0

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100 6 3,846

53

4 1

101 2.7

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102

5

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

187,683 192,254 190,364 217,959 216,867


6

7,843 41,867 49,710 59,475 109,185

24,471 37,412 61,883 11,369 73,252

14 48 62 189 251

4,607 10,563 15,170 18,722 33,892

32 22 54 103 157

2 119 121 9 130

36,969 90,031 127,000 89,867 216,867


7

NZ

62,392 57,504 17,274 17,000 16,774 10,792 10,183 1,923 216,867

28.8 26.5 8.0 7.8 7.7 5.0 4.7 0.9 100.0


101 102 2008 21.7 2008 6.4

3.4

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8 ( ) ( US )

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

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62

Fischer, K., “American Colleges See Potential in Korean Partnerships,” Chrobicle of Higher

Education, March 21, 2008.

Institute of International Education (2008), “Leading Places of Origin,” Open Doors: Report on

International Educational Exchange, November 12, 2007

(http://opendoors.iienetwork.org/?p=131534).

Kim, K. S., & Nam, S. H. (2007), “The Making of a World-Class University at the Periphery: Seoul

National University,” Philip G. Altbach (ed), In World Class Worldwide: Transforming Research

Universities in Asia and Latin America: Pittsburgh, Johns Hopkins University Press.

McNeill, A., “South Korea Seeks a New Role as a Higher-Education Hub,” Chrobicle of Higher

Education, March 21, 2008.

Yoon, S., “Gov’t Sets 100,000 International Student Goal by 2012”, Korea Net, August 5, 2008,

(http://www.korea.net/News/News/NewsView.asp?serial_no=20080804010).

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financial incentive

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30

Buchori, M. & Malik, A. (2004). “The evolution of higher education in Indonesia” in Altbach, P. G &

Umakoshi, T (Eds.). Asian universities: Historical perspectives and contemporary

challenges. Baltimore, Maryland: JHU Press.

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A: Solid Mechanics and Material Engineering. 47(3). Pp.4-7. Retrieved February 2, 2009,

70

from

http://nels.nii.ac.jp/els/110004820479.pdf?id=ART0007568717&type=pdf&lang=jp&host

=cinii&order_no=&ppv_type=0&lang_sw=&no=1233738399&cp

Suhaenah, A. & Rahardjo, A. P. (2006). “BAN-PT, the National Accreditation Board for Higher

Education with one decade experience in Indonesia” Retrieved February 2, 2009, from

http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/indonesia_ban-pt.pdf

. (1991). .

. pp. 78-90.

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Asian Universities: Historical Perspectives and Contemporary Challenges. Baltimore, Maryland:

JHU Press. pp.301-331.

Lasanowski, V. (2007). “Are the Pieces of the Puzzle Falling into Place?: Vietnam Re-confirms its

Long-term Strategic Higher Education Ambitions,” Observatory on Borderless Higher Education.

(http://www.wes.org/ewenr/08jan/feature.htm).

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Education Data Table 18

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Total Number of Inbound &

Outbound Students (1 term only)

Inbound Students for SY 2008-09

82Total Number of Inbound Students

71Inbound Exchange Students

12Japanese Students

Total Number of Inbound &

Outbound Students (1 term only)

Outbound Students for SY 2008-09

8Global Leadership

Program, Sophia University

15Japan Immersion Program, Kyushu Univ.

444Asia in Today’s World Program, Kyushu University

276734ADMU Exchange Students to Japan

28161372JTA students bound to Japan

195149116602417Number of JTA students

23517813476483023Total Number of Outbound students

2008200720062005200420032002

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96

Anderson, Fredrik and Kai A. Konrad (2003) “Human Capital Investment and Globalization in

Extortionary States,” Journal of Public Economics Vol.87, No.7-8, 1539-1555.

Becker, Gary S. (1964) Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special

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York and London.

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Belfield, R. Clive and Levin, M. Henry, ed., The Economics of Higher Education, Cheltenham, UK,

Edward Elger.

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OECD countries”, Education Economics Vol.6, No3, 253-307.

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98

student mobility

ASEAN 2015

SMAAT Student Mobility in Asia for Academic Training ASEAN

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1999 9 16 pp.

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143 Liduine Bremer and Astrid Scholten, “Recognition of Credits in the Framework of Socrates; A Dutch Case

Study,” Journal of Studies in International Education. vol. 3, No. 2, (Fall 1999) pp. 89-102

104

workload

ECTS 25 30 144

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146 SMAAT

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146 Commission of the European Communities., Report from the Commission: Survey into the Socio-Economic

Background of ERASMUS Students, (Brussels: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities,

Doc. # KT-Co-00-014-EN-C, January 18, 2000), pp. 5-6 53-55.

Documents

H H H H 'v'v'v'v ......2010/11/12 · 4 Ulrich Teichler, “The ERASMUS Experience: Major Findings of the ERASMUS Evaluation Research Project” Wissenschaftliches Zentrum fÛr Berufs-und