------\ United StatesAGS\ H'

I'U 11LI Sill NG lstory

byWayne E. King

andJohn 1. Napp

AGS PublishingCircle Pines, Minnesota 55014-1796

800-328-2560

Contents

How to Use This Book: A Study Guide.

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • XXIV

Lesson 3Lesson 4Lesson 5

Three Worlds Meet: Beginnings-1607 1Chapter 1 The First Americans: Beginnings-1400 2

Lesson 1 The Earliest Americans 3Lesson 2 Peoples of Mesoamerica and

South America 6The Southwestern Peoples 10The Adena-Hopewell Mound Builders 14The Mississippi, Plains, andNorthwest Civilizations 16

• Chapter Summary 21• Chapter Review 22• Test-Taking Tip 23

Chapter 2 Exploration: 1400-1607 24Lesson 1 Ideas of Exploration Begin. . . . . . . . . . . . .. 25Lesson 2 Exploration Continues 29Lesson 3 England and France Start Colonies 34• Chapter Summary 39• Chapter Review 40• Test-Taking Tip 41Unit 1 Summary 43

Colonization and Settlement: 1607-1763 44Chapter 3 English Colonies Are Created: 1607-1733 46

Lesson 1 Establishing the Jamestown Colony 47Lesson 2 The Pilgrims and the Puritans 50Lesson 3 The English Colonies Grow 55Lesson 4 The Size of the Colonies Increases 60• Chapter Summary 65• Chapter Review 66• Test-Taking Tip 67

Chapter 4 A Struggle for Power: 1700-1763 68Lesson 1 Independent Trade in the Colonies 69Lesson 2 Triangular Trade in the Colonies 72Lesson 3 Moving Westward 74Lesson 4 The French and Indian War Begins 78Lesson 5 The End of the War 80• Chapter Summary 83• Chapter Review 84• Test-Taking Tip 85Unit 2 Summary 87

Revolution and the New Nation: 1763-1815 88Chapter 5 A NewNation Begins to Grow: 1763-1775 90

Lesson 1 The Proc1amation of 1763 91Lesson 2 The Townshend Acts 94Lesson 3 The East India Trading Company 98Lesson 4 The First Continental Congress: 1774 101• Chapter Summary 105• Chapter Review 106• Test-Taking Tip 107

Chapter 6 The American Revolution: 1775-1783 108Lesson 1 Americans Respond 109Lesson 2 Congress Takes Action 111Lesson 3 Fighting Spreads 114Lesson 4 The RevolutionaryWar 117Lesson 5 The Turning Point of the War 120Lesson 6 The British Are Defeated 123• Chapter Summary 127• Chapter Review 128• Test-TakingTip 129

Chapter 7 A Government Is Formed: 1783-1791 130Lesson 1 A New Nation Faces Problems 131Lesson 2 A Demand for Change 135Lesson 3 A Need for a New Start 139Lesson 4 The Great Compromise 141Lesson 5 State Conventions Are Organized 145• Chapter Summary 151• Chapter Review 152• Test-TakingTip 153

(Contlnued)Chapter 8 Politica1Parties Develop: 1788-1809 154

Lesson 1 The First Administration 155Lesson 2 The Government's Progress 158Lesson 3 Adams Becomes the Next President 161Lesson 4 The Country Under New Direction 167Lesson 5 More Changes Under Jefferson 171• Chapter Summary 175• Chapter Review 176• Test-Taking Tip 177

Chapter 9 The Young Nation Goes to War: 1809-1815 178Lesson 1 President Madison Takes Office 179Lesson 2 The War Draws Closer 181Lesson 3 The War of 1812 184Lesson 4 The War Ends 188• Chapter Summary 191• Chapter Review 192• Test-Taking Tip 193Unlt 3 Summary 195

Unit 4 Summary 273

Expansion and Reform: 1816-1850 196Chapter 10 A New Spirit ofExpansion: 1816-1824 198

Lesson 1 Westward Expansion 199Lesson 2 The Era of Good Feelings 203Lesson 3 More Problems with Europe 208• Chapter Summary 213• Chapter Review 214• Test-TakingTip 215

Chapter 11 Political Changes Take Place: 1825-1838 216Lesson 1 An Unpopular President 217Lesson 2 Growing Tension in the South 219Lesson 3 Jackson's New Style of Government. 222Lesson 4 Texas Gains Independence

from Mexico 225Lesson 5 The Election of 1836 227• Chapter Summary 231• Chapter Review 232• Test-Taking Tip 233

Chapter 12 America Becomes More Democratic: 1825-1858 234Lesson 1 Industries Develop Slowly 235Lesson 2 Improving Transportation and

Communication 238Lesson 3 The Population Grows 243Lesson 4 The Early System of Education 246Lesson 5 American Literature Develops 248• Chapter Summary 253• Chapter Review 254• Test-Taking Tip 255

Chapter 13 The Country Grows Larger: 1841-1850 256Lesson 1 The Eledion of 1840 257Lesson 2 Ongoing Trouble with Mexico 262Lesson 3 New Challenges in 1848 265• Chapter Summary 269• Chapter Review 270• Test-Taking Tip 271

Civil War and Reconstruction: 1850-1877 274Chapter 14 The Slavery Problem Grows: 1850-1854 276

Lesson 1 The Debate Over Slavery 277Lesson 2 Slavery Issues Continue 280Lesson 3 The Kansas-Nebraska Act 283• Chapter Summary 287• Chapter Review 288• Test-Taking Tip 289

Chapter 15 The Country Separates: 1854-1861 290Lesson 1 A Land Rush in Kansas 291Lesson 2 Fighting in Congress 293Lesson 3 The Lincoln-Douglas Debates 296Lesson 4 The Election of 1860 300• Chapter Summary 303• Chapter Review 304• Test-Taking Tip 305

Chapter 16 The Civil War: 1861-1865 306Lesson 1 The North Tries to Compromise 307Lesson 2 Confederates Attack Fort Sumter 310Lesson 3 The Civil War Begins 313Lesson 4 The War Continues 318Lesson 5 The Final Chapters of the War 323• Chapter Summary 329• Chapter Review 330• Test-TakingTip 331

Chapter 17 Reconstruction: 1865-1877 332Lesson 1 The Beginning of Reconstruction 333Lesson 2 Johnson's Conflict with Congress

Continues 336Lesson 3 Reshaping the South 341Lesson 4 Reconstruction Ends 346• Chapter Summary 351• Chapter Review 352• Test-Taking Tip 353Unit 5 Summary 355

Unit 6 Summary 433

Development of Industrial America: 1862-1900 356Chapter 18 Settling the Western Frontier: 1862-1890 358

Lesson 1 The Great Plains 359Lesson 2 Frontier Life 362Lesson 3 The Plains Indians 367Lesson 4 Congress Aids American Indians 371• Chapter Summary 375• Chapter Review 376• Test-Taking Tip 377

Chapter 19 Becoming an Industrial Giant: 1870-1900 378Lesson 1 The Nation Enters the Industrial Age 379Lesson 2 Rockefeller and the Oil Industry 383Lesson 3 Other Major U.S. Industries 387• Chapter Summary 393• Chapter Review 394• Test-Taking Tip 395

Chapter 20 A Nation of Cities: 1882-1900 396Lesson 1 American Cities Grow Rapidly 397Lesson 2 Immigrant Problems and

Discrimination 400Lesson 3 Benefits of City Living 405Lesson 4 Problems of the Cities 407• Chapter Summary .411• Chapter Review 412• Test-Taking Tip 413

Chapter 21 A New Spirit ofReform: 1872-1897 414Lesson 1 The Gilded Age 415Lesson 2 Reformers Challenge Political Practices 417Lesson 3 Labor Unions Help Workers 421Lesson 4 Reformers Start a Political Party 424• Chapter Summary 429• Chapter Review 430• Test-Taking Tip 431

The Emergence of Modem America: 1898-1929 434Chapter 22 America Becomes a World Power: 1898-1913 436

Lesson 1 Problems with Spain '" 437Lesson 2 The "Splendid Little War" 439Lesson 3 The Nation Increases Its Power 442Lesson 4 New Leadership Brings Reforms 444Lesson 5 Roosevelt's Other Achievements 448Lesson 6 "As Strong as a Bu11Moose" 453• Chapter Summary 457• Chapter Review 458• Test-Taking Tip 459

Chapter 23 World War I: 1913-1920 460Lesson 1 The War Begins in Europe '" 461Lesson 2 The United States Stays Neutral 465Lesson 3 America Enters the Great War 468Lesson 4 Wilson's Plan for a Permanent Peace 473• Chapter Summary 479• Chapter Review 480• Test-Taking Tip 481

Chapter 24 The Roaring Twenties: 1920-1929 482Lesson 1 Americans Want to Return to

Normal Times 483Lesson 2 Changes: Autos, Radios, and

Womens Rights 486Lesson 3 The Spirit of the Jazz Age 491Lesson 4 Sodal Problems in the 1920s 494Lesson 5 American Confidence Rises and Falls 496• Chapter Summary 499• Chapter Review 500• Test-Taking Tip 501Unit 7 Summary 503

Depression and World War 11:1930-1945 504Chapter 25 Depression and the New Deal: 1930-1939 506

Lesson 1 The Great Depression 507Lesson 2 A New Deal for the Nation 510Lesson 3 The New Deal Changes Government 514Lesson 4 Movies and Heroes of the Depression 519• Chapter Summary 523• Chapter Review 524• Test-Taking Tip 525

Chapter 26 World War 11:1939-1945 526Lesson 1 Preparation for War 527Lesson 2 Steps Toward a Second World War 531Lesson 3 World War 11Begins 535Lesson 4 War in Asia 539Lesson 5 The Horne Front 542Lesson 6 The War Ends 544• Chapter Summary 549• Chapter Review 550• Test-Taking Tip 551Unit 8 Summary 553

Postwar United States: 1945-1969 554Chapter 27 A Time of Challenge and Change: 1945-1959 556

Lesson 1 The Economy Changes 557Lesson 2 Searching for Peace 559Lesson 3 The Cold War Begins 563Lesson 4 War in Korea 568Lesson 5 Challenge and Change in the 1950s 571• Chapter Summary 579• Chapter Review 580• Test-Taking Tip 581

Chapter 28 Support for Freedom: 1960-1969 582Lesson 1 Facing New Challenges 583Lesson 2 Supporting Freedom Abroad 586Lesson 3 Struggles at Horne 589Lesson 4 The Johnson Administration 594Lesson 5 New Movements in America 598Lesson 6 The Politics of Protest 603• Chapter Summary 607• Chapter Review 608• Test-Taking Tip 609Unit 9 Summary 611

Contemporary United States: 1970-Present 612Chapter 29 America in aChanging World: 1970-1980 614

Lesson 1 A New Course for the Nation 615Lesson 2 Nixon's Foreign Relations 618Lesson 3 The Watergate Scandal 621Lesson 4 The Ford Administration 625Lesson 5 A NewVoice, a New Leader 628Lesson 6 International Problems Continue 633• Chapter Summary 637• Chapter Review 638• Test-Taking Tip 639

Chapter 30 The 1980s: 1980-1989 640Lesson 1 The Reagan Years 641Lesson 2 Reagan Focuses on International Issues 645Lesson 3 A New President Takes Office 651• Chapter Summary 655• Chapter Review 656• Test-TakingTip 657

(Continued)Chapter 31 The 1990s: 1990-2000 658

Lesson 1 The Fall ofCommunism 659Lesson 2 The Persian Gulf War 663Lesson 3 The Clinton Administration 666Lesson 4 Foreign Issues 669Lesson 5 Problems and Changes at Horne 673Lesson 6 The New Millennium 677• Chapter Summary 681• Chapter Review 682• Test-Taking Tip 683

Chapter 32 The 21st Century Begins: 2001-Present 684Lesson 1 Terrorism in the United States 685Lesson 2 The War on Terror Begins 690Lesson 3 Ameriean and Allied Forees

Remain in Iraq 693Lesson 4 The Eleetion of 2004 695Lesson 5 The United States Today 697• Chapter Summary 703• Chapter Review 704• Test-Taking Tip 705Unit 10 Summary 707

Biography

Juanita, the Maiden of Ampato 9Montezuma 37

Margaret Brent. 58Auguste Chouteau 78

Phillis Wheatley 97Sybil Ludington 118

Benjamin Banneker. 131Mother Elizabeth Seton 157Elbridge Gerry 183John Ross 204Sarah Moore Grimke and Angelina Emily Grimke 228Margaret Knight 237Samuel Morse 261Harriet Tubman 285Lucy Stone 292Susie King Taylor 309P.B.S.Pinchback 344Cochise 370Horatio Alger 391Nellie Bly 409Jane Addams 423Matthew Henson 452TimThorpe 463Marcus Garvey 493Marian Anderson 513Eleanor Roosevelt 529Margaret Chase Smith 576Cesar Chavez 600An Wang 626Geraldine Ferraro 643Trevor FeITell 671Colin Powell 689

United States History Contents xv

History in Your Life

Architecture from the Anasazi 13

Mariner's Astrolabe 26

The Earliest Bowling 54The Inventions of Benjamin Franklin 76

First Permanent Theater in America .. 103

The Nail-Making Machine 119

V.S. Census 146

A Smallpox Vaccine 160Robert Fulton's Steamboat 180

Sequoyah and a Different Form ofWriting 209

Spirituals 221

Edgar Allan Poe 249

John James Audubon 258

The Sewing Machine 284

Otis and the Elevator 293

Civil War Music 322

The Works of Mark Twain 342

Barbed Wire 364

The Brooklyn Bridge 381

The Works of Emily Dickinson 427

Ragtime and the Music of Scott Joplin 455

The Music of Irving Berlin 467

The Works of Langston Hughes 492

The Development ofNylon 521

Rosie the Riveter and the Women ofWorld War 11 540

The Advent of Credit Cards 573

Salk and the Polio Vaccine 605

The Microwave Oven 632

Political Polis 650

The Life-ChangingAttacks ofSeptember 11. 692

xvi Contents United States History

Document-Based Reading

,~ An Osage Belief 20

, "" Cabeza de Vaca's Journal 38The Mayflower Compact 64

Poor Richard's Almanac 82

The Stamp Act 104

Unalienable Rights 126

The Northwest Ordinance 150

Washington's FarewellAddress 174

Speech byTecumseh 190The Monroe Doctrine 212

A Message from the Alamo 230"Slavery As It Is" 252

Seneca Falls Dedaration of Sentiments 268

Daniel Webster's Speech to the Senate 286

The Dred Scott Decision 302General Robert E. Lee's Farewell 328

Advice to African American Students 350

"The Laws" 374

Queen Liliuokalani's Statement on Hawaii 392

Blanche Bruce's Speech to the Senate 410

Dedaration ofWoman's Christian Temperance Union 428

Speech of Booker T.Washington 456

Suffragette Letter 478

James Weldon Johnson 498

Breadline 522

Roosevelt's Four Freedoms Speech 548

The Crisis at Central High School 578

John F.Kennedy's Inaugural Address 606

This Is the America We Want. 636

"Women Shooting for the Stars" 654"Favor Positive Themes" 680

Speech of George W. Bush 702

United States History Contents xvii

Civics Connection .

Explorers in the New World 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 33

Free Trade Versus Regulated Trade 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 ••••• 0 71

Shays's Rebellion .. 0 ••••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 •• 0 0 • 138U.SoPostal Service 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 ••••••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 242

Impeachment 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 •••••••• 0 0 • 0 339Immigrants 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 • 0 ••••••• 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 403

Women's Rights 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 • 0 0 0 •••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 ••••• 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 •••• 490

The Selective Service and Training Acto 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •••• 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 •• 538

Peaceful Protests and Riots 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •••• 0 ••••••••• 0 0 0 591

Contlicts Outside the United States 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 679

Focus on Economics

Demand for Asian goods 27Plantation workers 70

Central bank, currency 133

Interchangeable parts 236

Southern economy 343

The Morrill Act 365

Post-WWI economy 472

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 518GI Bill of Rights 558

Foreign oil dependence 627

I •

Technology Connectlon

A Floating City 8The Early Colonial Farm 62

The Tin Can 189Steam-Powered Cylinder Press 227

Dynamite 340

The Mail-Order Catalog 382

Rocket to the Moon 477

Frozen Foods 521

The 1960s Space Program 583E-mail 672

United States History Contents xix

WritingAboutHistory

Research Report. 18

Writing Your Opinion 35Writing a Business Letter 50

Writing a Personal Letter 72

Research Report. 96

Writing an Artide 120

Writing an Essay 147

Writing a Speech 172

Letter to the Editor 188

Writing an Advertisement 199

Writing Your Opinion 223

Writing a Story 241

Research Report 263

Research Report 280

Writing Your Opinion 294Writing a Short Story or Poem 312

Writing a Song 339

Writing a Speech 371

Research Paragraph 390

Writing a Dialogue 404

Letter to the Editor 418

Writing an Essay 441

Research Report 471Research Report 488

Research Report 509

Writing Your Opinion 543

Writing an Essay 569

Research Article 589Energy Chart 629

Research Report 649

Research Report 669Writing an Essay 688

:xx Contents United States History

Skill Builder

Timelines 42Maps 86

Graphs and Charts 194

Fact and Opinion 272

Cause and Effect 354

Using Reference Materials 432Compare and Contrast 502

Population Growth Table 552Political Cartoons 610

Voting 706

Maps

N Migration Routes into the Americas 4

Adena-Hopewel1 Settlements 15

Main Mississippian Settlements 16The Continents Between Europe and Asia 27

W E Columbus's Voyages 28

Early European Explorers 32

S The 13 Colonies 63

French andBritish Forts 81Major Battles ofthe RevolutionaryWar. 125

The Annapolis Convention, 1786 135

The Louisiana Purehase, 1803 169

Louisiana Purehase Explorations 171

Maps (continued)

Battles of the War of 1812 187

The Missouri Compromise, 1820 207

The Republic ofTexas, 1836 226

The Cumberland Road and the Wilderness Road 238

The Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842 259

The Treaty of 1846 260

The Mexican War, 1846-1848 264

The Underground Railroad 280

The Secession of the Southern States 301

Major Battles of 1862 317Major Battles of 1863 320

Major Battles of 1864-1865 325

Military Districts and Readmission to the Union 337

The First Transcontinental Railroad, 1869 361

American Indian Reservations, 1890 368

The Spanish-American War in the Caribbean, 1898 439

Pacific Territories of the United States, 1900 442The Panama Canal 450

Europe During World War I 464

Europe Before World War I 474

Europe After World War I 474

Europe, 1938-1939 534

Japanese Expansion in Asia and the Pacific 541World War 11in Europe 545

Cold War Divides Europe and Asia 565

The Cuban Missile Crisis 588

Southeast Asia, 1964 596

The Camp David Peace Treaty, 1979 631

The Middle East 645

Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States 660

Former Soviet-Influenced Countries 661

xxii Contents United States History