Upload
ira-wright
View
221
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Gyroscopic Verifications in Tunnel
Surveying
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
For over 50 years Monteith & Sutherland Ltd. have been providing geospatial solutions. We are reputable and well recognised experts in high precision engineering surveys, tunnel surveying, settlement monitoring, and complex geodetic horizontal and vertical control networks.
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
WHO WE ARESpecialised employees from all over the world
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
GEOSPATIAL SOLUTIONS
• Engineering Geomatics• High Definition Scanning• Control surveys
• Topographic surveys• Hydrographic surveys• GIS
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
DELIVERING RESULTS
• Health & Safety• Passionate team work• Quality Assurance• Foolproof project
deliverables• Design, field, finish
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
GEOMATIC PROJECT COORDINATION
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
Primary control
Secondary control
Tertiary control
PRIMARY CONTROL NETWORK
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
• Verify coordinate system and datum• Establish relationship between datum and project• Static GPS observations• Maintain long-term fixed coordinates
SECONDARY CONTROL NETWORK
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
• Establish relationship to Primary Network• Maintain absolute Primary Network accuracy• Triangulate precise and accurate relative Secondary Network• Maintain coordinates for extended periods of time
TERTIARY CONTROL NETWORK
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
• Connect to Secondary Network• Rapid Total Station positioning• Conduct various engineering works• Short-term longevity
TUNNEL SURVEY INSTRUMENTATION
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
• Global Positioning System (GPS): rapid-static absolute position• Total Station (TPS): high precision coordinate transfer – angular and
distance• Digital level: high precision elevation transfer• Gyromat: true geodetic north orientation
TUNNEL SURVEY NETWORKS
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
• Coordinates are established and connected at ground level, sub-surface traversing connects terminal points
• Coordinate transfer occurs at either open or vertical shafts
• Several angular and distance measurements between instrument stations and foresight stations complete the transfer
GYROMAT TUNNEL AUDIT
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
1. Reconnaissance2. Surface baseline campaign3. Tunnel campaigns4. Results5. Alignment
GYROMAT CALIBRATION
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
GYROMAT APPLICATION
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
Establish gyro-surveyed coordinates in relation to an existing network. The collection of data will be achieved with a combination of conventional total station and gyro-survey equipment. The task results will ultimately provide quality assurance and potential adjustments to the existing network and tunnelling works.
Gyroscopic Verifications in Tunnel
Surveying
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
WHAT COULD POSSIBLY GO WRONG?
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
SURVEYING IN TUNNELS
PREDICTABLE ERROR DISTRIBUTION: UNNOTICEABLE TO SIGNIFICANT
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
00°00’15” @ 20m = 0.001m ONLY
DIA 20m
SHAFT
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
WITH ONLY ONE MINOR GEOMETRICAL DEVIATION
INDUCED IN UNREALISTICALLY IDEAL CONDITIONS.
00°00’15” @ 1400m = 0.100m!00°00’15” @ 1900m ≈ 0.150m!
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
REAL WORLD SHAFT AND TUNNEL CONDITIONS:
SIGNIFICANT AND UNPREDICTABLE TEMPERATURE
AND HUMIDITY AMPLITUDES
ALONG ACROSS
AND
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
REAL WORLD IR BEAM BEHAVIOUR:
- Dynamic heavily layered air- Varying Humidity- Dust
SCATTERINGAND
REFRACTIONUNPREDICTABLE
BEAM TRAVEL BACK?
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
Recent case study from the local transit project:
00°00’15”
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
10
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
OUT OF
TOLERANCE!≈80%
HOW IT WOULD LOOK WITHOUT GYRO CORRECTION:
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
Gyro-Grid Azimuth for:5 - 6Meas. Station Target Easting Station Northing Station Easting Target Northing Target Merid. Conv. Raw Gyro Azimuth
(m) (m) (m) (m) (gon) (gon) 1 5 6 309135.865 4839412.062 309181.251 4839429.595 -0.04129 76.57562 76.57633 76.57684 76.57645 76.57706 76.57847 76.5762 76.5765
Average Raw Gyro Azimuth Meridian Conv. Average Raw GA + MC Gyro Grid Az (Gon) Gyro Grid Az (D°M'S")
76.5765 -0.04129 76.5353 76.5285 68°52'32''
Δ Gyro Grid Az - Pre-Gyro
Grid AzGon -0.0029
D°M'S" 359°59'51''
Inverse 00°00'09''
Gyro-Grid Azimuth for:7 - 8Meas. Station Target Easting Station Northing Station Easting Target Northing Target Merid. Conv. Raw Gyro Azimuth
(m) (m) (m) (m) (gon) (gon) 1 7 8 309041.272 4839384.358 309089.015 4839402.148 -0.04039 77.34062 77.33683 77.33694 77.33645 77.33956 77.33857 77.3377 77.3375
Average Raw Gyro Azimuth Meridian Conv. Average Raw GA + MC Gyro Grid Az (Gon) Gyro Grid Az (D°M'S")
77.3375 -0.04039 77.2971 77.2904 69°33'41''
Δ Gyro Grid Az - Pre-Gyro
Grid AzGon -0.0023
D°M'S" 359°59'52''Inverse 00°00'08''
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.
• Drilling contractor• Interference with utilities• Interference with traffic• Considerable interference with mining production• Strict plumb requirements• Damage to tunnel structure• Post-survey sealing / backfill costs• Higher potential for compromising precision and
accuracy
WHY NOT AN ALIGNMENT HOLE INSTEAD?
Gyroscopic Verifications in Tunnel
Surveying
ALEKS KUBILIUS, MIKE VERNIK MONTEITH & SUTHERLAND LTD.