GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AMRITSARgndu.ac.in/syllabus/201213/ARTSOC/M PHIL HISTORY SEMESTER I a… · 2. Mansabdari System and Jagirdars UNIT II 3. Urbanization 4. Non-Agricultural

FACULTY OF ARTS & SOCIAL SCIENCES

SYLLABUS

FOR

M. PHIL. (HISTORY) (SEMESTER: I-II)

(Under Credit Based Continuous Evaluation Grading System)

Examinations: 2012-13

GURU NANAK DEV UNIVERSITY AMRITSAR

Note: (i) Copy rights are reserved.

Nobody is allowed to print it in any form. Defaulters will be prosecuted. (ii) Subject to change in the syllabi at any time. Please visit the University website time to time.

1 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


Subject Code/Course Code/Credit Structure and Semester-wise Scheme for Courses and Course Numbering

1. Subject Code

Department Specialization Subject Code History History HS 2. Course Codes

Department Degree Course Code History M.Phil History HSY 3. Credit Structure (per week)

Semester Core Elective Interdisciplinary Total I 07 03 3 13 II 02 0 0 02 Total 09 03 3 15 4. Semester-wise Scheme of Course

a. Programme Code: HSY

Semester-I Core Courses (C)

Course No. Course Title L T P Total Credits

HSL: 601 Philosophy of History 3 0 0 3 HSL: 602 Research Methodology 3 1 0 4 HSL: 603 India (1200-1750): Socio-Economic History 3 0 0 3 HSL: 604 India (1857-1947): Society and Politics 3 0 0 3 HSL: 605 The Punjab (1500-1849): Society and Economy 3 0 0 3 HSL: 606 The Punjab (1849-1947): Society and Economy 3 0 0 3

Semester-II Core Courses (C)

Course No.

Course Title L T P Total Credits

HSS: 607 Seminar 0 2 0 02 HSD: 608 Thesis work

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5. List of Course offered by the Department

M.Phil. History Semester-I

Sr. No.

Course No. C/E/I Course Title L T P Total Credits

1. HSL: 601 E Philosophy of History 3 0 0 3 2. HSL: 602 C Research Methodology 3 1 0 4 3. HSL: 603 C India (1200-1750): Socio-Economic History 3 0 0 3 4. HSL: 604 C India (1857-1947): Society and Politics 3 0 0 3 5. HSL: 605 C The Punjab (1500-1849): Society and

Economy 3 0 0 3

6. HSL: 606 C The Punjab (1849-1947): Society and Economy

3 0 0 3

Semester-II Sr. No.

Course No. C/E/I Course Title L T P Total Credits

1. HSS: 607 C Seminar 0 2 0 2 2. HSD: 608 D Thesis Work

3 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


Semester-I Teaching Hrs. Per Week* HSL: 601 Philosophy of History 3 HSL: 602 Research Methodology 4 HSL: 603 India (1200-1750): Socio-Economic History 3 HSL: 604 India (1857-1947): Society and Politics 3 HSL: 605 The Punjab (1500-1849): Society and Economy 3 HSL: 606 The Punjab (1849-1947): Society and Economy 3 Semester-II Credits HSS: 607 Seminar 2 HSD: 608 Thesis Work *including Library-cum-Tutorial period. Note:

M.Phil. History Course work has been divided into two semesters. Semester I (July-December) and Semester II (January-June). The candidate is to opt one interdisciplinary paper from other departments.

Topics for thesis will be allocated by the Board of Control in the beginning of second Semester. One period per student per week will be assigned towards work-load of the supervisor.

Minor-I test will consist of 20 marks with one hour duration after 33% of syllabus. Minor-II test will consist of 20 marks with one hour duration after 66% of syllabus. Quiz will consist of 10 marks after second Minor test. Major test will consist of 50 marks with three hours duration from entire syllabus

4 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


Philosophy of History HSL 601

Credits: 3-0-0

UNIT I 1. Purpose and Scope of History 2. Historical Evidence UNIT II 3. Causation in History 4. Objectivity UNIT III 5. History, Literature and Popular Culture 6. History and Allied Disciplines: Geography, Political Science, Economics, Sociology Recommended Reading 1. Jaques, Havet (ed.), Main Trends of Research in Social and Human Sciences, Part-2, Vol.I,

Mouton Publishers, Unesco, The Hague 1978 (G. Barraclough, “History”) pp.227-487.

2. Lambert,Peter and Phillipp Schofield(eds.), Making History: An Introduction to the History and Practices of a Discipline, Routledge, London,2008.

3. Lemon, M.C., Philosophy of History: A Guide for Students, Routledge, London, 2008.

4. Marwick, Arthur,The Nature of History ,Macmillan Students’ Edition ,London,1976 (reprint).

5. Meyerhoff, Hans,(ed.), The Philosophy of History in our Times, Doubleday Anchor Books, New York 1959.

6. Nevins, Allan, The Gateway to History, Vora & Co,., Bombay 1968.

7. Renier, G.J, History : Its Purpose and Method, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1961.

8. Southgate, Beverley, History: What & Why: Ancient, Modern and Postmodern Perspectives,Routledge, London, 2008.

9. Ahmad Aijaz, In Theory: Classes, Nations, Literatures, OUP, Delhi, 1995.

10. Banga, Indu (ed.), Causation in History, IIAS, Shimla, 1992.

11. Bloch, Marc, The Historian’s Craft, Vintage Books, New York, 1952.

12. Brasher, N.H, The Young Historian, Oxford University Press, London 1970.

13. Braudel, Fernand, On History, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1980

14. Carr, E.H. What is History? Pelican Paperback, London, 2001(Reprint)

15. Clark, G. Kitson, The Critical Historian, Heinemann, London 1967.

16. Collingwood, R.G., The Idea of History, Oxford Paperback, London,1976 (reprint).

5 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


17. Croce, Benedetto, History As The Story of Liberty, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1962.

18. Elton, G.R., The Practice of History, Collins-Fontana Paperback, London, 1976.

19. Fullbrook, Mary, Historical Theory, Routledge, New York, 2007.

20. Gardiner, Patrick, The Nature of Historical Explanation, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1978(reprint).

21. Harris, T., (ed.), Popular Culture in England c.1500-1850, Macmillan, London, 1995.

22. Heller, Agnes, A Theory of History, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1982.

23. Hobsbawm, Eric, On History, Abacus, London, 2008., Routledge, London, 2008.

24. Stern, Fritz (ed), Varieties of History: Form Voltaire to the Present Macmillan Students Edition, London,1970

25. Tosh, John, The Pursuit of History, Longman, London 1985.

26. Webster, John C.B., An Introduction to History, The Macmillan Company of India, Delhi 1982 (2nd ed).

27. White, Hayden, Tropics of Discourse: Essays in Cultural Criticism, The Johns Hopkins University Press, London, 1990.

6 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


Research Methodology HSL: 602

Credits: 3-1-0

UNIT I 1. Historical Method 2. Historical Explanation UNIT II 3. Methods of Documentation and Presentation 4. Research Design UNIT III 5. Quantitative Techniques 6. Computer Applications Recommended Readings: 1. Ahuja, Ram, Research Methods, Rawat, Jaipur, 2007.

2. Brazun, J and Graff, H.F., The Modern Researcher, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York 1970. (3rd Ed).

3. Bloch, Marc, The Historian’s Craft, Vintage Books, New York, 1952.

4. Brasher, N.H, The Young Historian, Oxford University Press, London 1970

5. Clark, G. Kitson, The Critical Historian, Heinemann, London 1967.

6. Croxton, Frederick,E., Applied General Statistics, Prentice-Hall, New Delhi,1979.

7. Elton, G.R., The Practice of History, Collins-Fontana Paperback 1976.

8. Fischer, David Hackett, Historians’ Fallacies: Toward a Logic of Historical Thought, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1970.

9. Floud, R, An Introduction to Quantitative Methods for Historians, Methuen, London 1973.

10. Fullbrook, Mary, Historical Theory, Routledge, New York, 2007.

11. Gardiner, Patrick,, The Nature of Historical Explanation, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1978(reprint).

12. Goode, William J and Paul K. Hatt, Methods in Social Research, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi,1990.

13. Heller, Agnes, A Theory of History, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1982.

14. Jaspal Singh, Methodology and Techniques of Social Research, Kanishka, New Delhi, 2000.

7 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


15. Jaques, Havet (ed), Main Trends of Research in Social and Human Sciences, Part- 2 Vol-I,. Mouton Publishers, Unesco, The Hague 1978 (G. Barraclough, “History”) pp 227-487.

16. Mills, C.Wright, The Sociological Imagination, OUP, London, 1976.

17. Richard, H, Science and History: A Critique of Positivist Epistemology, D. Van, Nostrand Company, Princeton, 1962.

18. Southgate, Beverley, History: What & Why: Ancient, Modern and Postmodern Perspectives,Routledge,London,2008.

19. Tosh, John, The Pursuit of History, Longman, London 1985.

20. Turabian, Kate L, A Manual for Writing of Term Papers, Theses and Dissertations, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 1973(4th ed).

21. Webster, John C.B., An Introduction to History, The Macmillan Company of India, Delhi 1982 (2nd ed).

8 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


India (1200-1750): Socio- Economic History HSL:603

Credits: 3-0-0 UNIT I 1. Agricultural Production, Landed Rights and Village Organization.

2. Mansabdari System and Jagirdars UNIT II 3. Urbanization

4. Non-Agricultural Production and artisan and craftsman UNIT III

5 Internal and External Trade; Mercantile Classes and Middle Classes 6 Review of Literature: Writings of Irfan Habib and Satish Chandra.

Bibliography: 1. Ashraf, K.M., Life and Conditions of the People of Hindustan, Munshiram Manoharlal,

Delhi 1970(2nd Ed.)

2. Athar Ali, The Mughal Nobility Under Aurangzeb, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1998.

3. _______.,The Apparatus of the Empire: Award of Ranks Offices and Titles to Mughal Nobility, 1574-1658,Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1986.

4. _______., Mughal India: Studies in Polity, Ideas, Society and Culture, New Delhi, 2006.

5. Banga, Indu (ed), The City in Indian History, Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 1991.

6. Dasgupta, Ashin and M.N. Pearson (eds.) India and Indian Ocean 1500-1800, Calcutta, 1987.

7. Dilbagh Singh, The State, Landlords and Peasants, Manohar Publications, New Delhi 1990.

8. Farooqi, A.A., The Economic Policy of the Sultans of Delhi 1206-1555, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi 1986.

9. Gopal, Surendra, Commerce and Craft in Gujrat: 16th and 17th Centuries, PPH, New Delhi 1978.

10. Gupta S.P., The Agrarian System of Eastern Rajasthan, Manohar , NewDelhi,1986

11. Grewal, J.S., Muslim Rule in India: Assessment of British Historians, Oxford University Press, London, 1978.

12. ______, Medieval India: History and Historians, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

13. ______, In the By-Lanes of History, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla,1975.

14. _______, (ed), The State and Society in Medieval India, New Delhi, 2005.

9 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


15. Grewal J.S. and Indu Banga (Eds.) Studies in Urban History, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1981.

16. Habib, Irfan,, The Agrarian System of Mughal India, Asia Publishing House, Bombay 1963.

17. ________., Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, Tulika, New Delhi, 1997.

18. _________, Medieval India: A Study of a Civilization, NBT, New Delhi, 2007.

19. Habib, Mohammad and K.A.Nizami (eds.), A Comprehensive History of India: The Delhi Sultnant, Vol. V. PPH, New Delhi,1974.

20. Khan, A.R., Chieftains in the Mughal Empire During the Reign of Akbar, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla 1977.

21. Moosvi, Shireen, Economy of the Mughal Empire: C. 1595: A Statistical Study, OUP, Delhi, 1986.

22. _________., People, Taxation and Trade in Mughal India, OUP, New Delhi,2010.

23. Moreland, W.H., India at the Death of Akbar: An Economic Study, Atma Ram & Sons, Delhi 1962 (reprint)

24. _________., From Akbar to Aurengzeb, Oriential Books Reprint Corporation, Delhi 1972.

25. ______, The Agrarian System of Moslem India, Oriental Books Reprint Corporation, Delhi 1968.

26. Muhibul Hassan (Ed), Historians of Medieval India, Meenakshi Prakashan, Meerut 1968.

27. Alam, Muzaffar, and Sanjay Subramanyam (eds), The Mughal State 1526-1750, Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1998.

28. Nagar D.K., Agricultural , Industrial and Urban Dynamism Under the Sultans of Delhi (1206-1555), Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi, 1996.

29. Naqvi, H.K., Urban Centers and Industries in Upper India, 1556-1803, Asia Publishing House, Bombay 1868.

30. ______,Urbanization and Urban Centers Under the Great Mughals, Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla 1968.

31. Nizami, K.A., Some Aspects of Religion and Politics in India during the Thirteenth Century, Idarah-i-Adabiyat-i-Delhi, Delhi 1974.

32. Nurul Hasan S., Thoughts on Agrarian Relations in Mughal India, People’s Publishing House, New Delhi 1973.

33. Panikkar, K.M.,et al. The Making of History: Essays presented to Irfan Habib, Tulika, New Delhi,2001.

10 M.PHIL. (HISTORY)


34. Chandra, Satish, Historiography, Religion and State in Medieval India, Har Anand Publication , New Delhi 1997.

35. __________.,, Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court, People’s Publishing House, New Delhi, 1971.

36. ________, Medieval India: Society, the Jagirdari Crisis and the Village, Macmillan, Delhi 1982.

37. ________, Medieval India: From Sultanate to the Mughals: Delhi Sultanat (1206-1526), Har- Anand, New Delhi 1997).

38. ___________, Medieval India (1526-1748): From Sultanat to the Mughal Empire, Har-Anand, Delhi 1999.

39. Philips, C.H. (ed), Historians of India, Pakistan and Ceylon, Oxford University Press,London, 1961

40. Raychaudhuri, Tapan and Irfan Habib, The Cambridge Economic History of India (1200-1750), Vol I, Orient Longman, New Delhi, 1982

41. Tripathi R.P, Some Aspects of Muslim Administration in India, Central Book Depot, Allahabad 1972 (reprint).

Articles: 1. Chicherov, A, “On the Multiplicity of Socio-Economic Strctures in 17th to the Early 19th

Centry, Problems of the Contemporary World: New Indian Studies by Soviet Scholars, Social Science Today, USSR 1976.

2. Desai, Ashok V, “Population and Standards of Living in Akbar’s Time”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. IX, No.1, 43-62.

3. Gopal, Surendra, “Jain Merchants in Eastern India Under the Great Mughals, Seminar on Business Communities of India: A Historical Perspective, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad 1982, 7-12.

4. Grover B.R., “Presidential Address: Medieval India”, Proceedings Indian History Congress, Calicut 1976, 149-64.

5. Hasan Aziza, “The Silver Currency Output of the Mughal Empire and Prices in India during the 16th and 17th Centuries”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol.IV, No.1,1985.

6. Iqtidar Alam Khan, “The Middle Classes in the Mughal Empire”, Presidential Address: Medieval India, Proceedings Indian History Congress (1975),113-41.

7. Irfan Habib, “The Contribution of Indian Historians to the Process of National Integration: Medieval Period, Proceedings Indian History Congress, Delhi 1961,350-57



8. __________, “Change in Technology in Medieval India”, Studies in History, Vol.II, No.1, 1980.

9. ______,“The Social Distribution of Landed Property in Pre-British India:A Historical Survey”, Indian Society, Historical Probings (ed R.S.Sharma ), ICSSR, Peoople’s Publishing House, New Delhi 1974, 264-316.

10. ______, “Banking in Mughal India”, Contributions to Indian Economic History (ed Tapan Raychaudhuri) , Vol. I, Firma K.L. Mukhopadhaya, Calcutta 1970.

11. ______, Potentialities of Capitalistic Development in the Economy of Mughal India”, Enquiry No.3, Winter 1971.

12. _________,“Technology and Barriers to Social Change in Mughal India”, The Indian Historical Review, Vol. II, No.1-2,1979 – 152-74.

13. Mahendra Pal Singh, “Akbar’s Resumption of Jagirs, 1575”, Proceedings Indian History Congress, 1995, 208-41

14. Misra S.C., “Social Mobility in Pre-Mughal India”, Indian Historical Review, Vol. I, No.1, 36043.

15. ______,“Urban History in India: Perspective and Possibilities – A Preliminary Approach” Urban History Group, 1980 (Type script Department of History).

16. ______,“Urbanization in the Ain”, Seminar on Trade and Urbanization in Western India: 1600-1900, M.S.University, Baroda 1980 (Typescript)

17. ________.,“The Medieval Trader and Social World” Seminar on Business Communities of India: A Historical Perspective, Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad 1982, 7-12.

18. Mohammad Habib, “The Turkish Governing Class”, Politics and Society during the Early Medieval Period (ed K.A.Nizami People’s Publishing House, New Delhi 1974, 1 98-118.

19. Moosvi, Shireen, “Production, Consumption and Population in Akbar’s times”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. X , No.2, 1973, 181-85.

20. Hassan, Nurul , S., “The Position of the Zamindars In The Mughal Empire”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. I, No.4, 107-19.

21. Qaisar, A.J., “Ship-building in the Mughal Empire during he Seventeenth Century”, Indian Economic and Social History Review, Vol. V, No.2, 1968, 141-70.

22. Ravindra Kumar, “The Changing Structure of Urban Society in Colonial India”, Indian Historical Review, Vol. V, No.1-2, July 1978, January 1979, 200-15.



Primary Sources: 1. Abul Fazl, Akbar-Nama (tr. H Beveridge), Rare Books, Delhi 1973 (reprint)

2. _________., Ain-i-Akbari, 3 Vols. (tr.Garrett & Sarkar), M.C.Sarkar&Sons, Calcutta, 1948-49.

3. Badauni, Abdul Qadir, Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh, Vol.I,(tr. G.Ranking) Vol. II (tr. W.H.Lowe): Vol. III (tr.W.Heig) Associated Book Agency, Patna 1973(reprint)

4. Begum, Gul-Badan, The History of Humayun(tr. A.Beveridge), Idarah-i-Adabiyat-i-Delhi, Delhi 1972.

5. Bernier, Francois, Travels in India: 1583-1619, S.Chand & Co. Delhi 1968 (reprint)

6. Beveridge, H.(tr.) The Ma”athir-ul-Umara, 3 Vols., Janaki Parkashan, Patna 1979.

7. Constable. A, (tr.) & V. Smith (ed), Travels in the Mughal Empire, F. Bernier Accounts of India, S. Chand & Co. Delhi 1972.

8. Dow, Alexander (tr), The History of Hindustan, 3 Vols. Today & Tomorrow’s Printers & Publishers, New Delhi 1973.

9. Elliot, H.H. & Bohn Dowson (tr & ed), History of India as Told by its own Historians, Vol. III, Kitab Mahal, Allahabad 1964 (reprint).

10. Foster W., (ed), Early Travels in India, 1583-1619, S. Chand & Co., Delhi 1968 (reprint).

11. Iba Batuta, Rehala (tr. H.A.R. Gibb), The Hakluyat Society, Cambridge 1958.

12. Kashmiri Inayatulla Khan, Kalimat-i-Taiyibat, Collection of Aurangzeb’s Orders (ed Husain, S.M. Azizuddin)

13. Manucci, Nicollo, Storio de Mogor or Mogul India (tr. W. Irvine) Edition India, Calcutta 1965-67 (reprint).

14. Pallsaert, Jahangir’s India (tr. Moreland & Govil), Cambridge 1925.

15. Rizvi, S.A.A., Source Book of Medieval Indian History (Hindi) 10 Vols., Department of History, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 1956-62.

16. Rogers, A (tr) H. Beveridge (ed), The Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri, Munshiram Manoharlal, Oriental Publishers, Delhi 1968 (second Edition).

17. Sasrkar, J.N, Mughal Administration (for Aurangzeb’s farmans to Muhamad Rashim and Rasikdas), M.C. Sarkar & Sons, Calcutta 1952.

18. Tavernier, Jean Baptists, Travels in India, 1640-67 (tr. V. Leonin 1925 (2nd ed)

19. Thevenot and Careri, Indian Travels of Thevenot and Careri, (ed. S.N.Sen), National Archives of India, New Delhi, 1949.

20. Wilson, H.H., Glossary of Judicial and Revenue Terms, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi,1968 (reprint).



India (1857-1947): Society and Politics HSL: 604

Credits: 3-0-0

UNIT I 1. Agriculture and Agrarian Classes

2. Trade and Commerce, Industrial Growth and Emergence of Indian Capitalists UNIT II

3. Urbanization, Emergence of Middle Classes and Industrial Working Class 4. Emergence of Nationalism, Emergence of Gandhi and Mass Movements UNIT III

5. Communists, Peasants and Workers Movements; Communalism, Partition and Independence of India.

6. Review of Literature: Writings of Bipin Chandra and Ravindra Kumar.

Bibliography:

1. Ambirajan, S., Classical Political Economy and British Policy in India, CUP, Cambridge,

1978.

2. Armitage, David, The Ideological Origins of the British Empire, CUP, Cambridge, 2000.

3. Bagchi, Amiya K., Private Investment in India, 1990-1939, Cambridge 1972.

4. _________, The Political Economy of Underdevelopment, CUP,Cambridge,1982.

5. _________., Perilous Passage: Mankind and the Global Ascendancy of Capital, OUP, London,2006.

6. _________., Colonialism and Indian Economy, CUP, New Delhi, 2010.

7. Bandyopadhyay, Sekhar, From Plassey to Partition: A History of Modern India, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 2004.

8. ________., Nationalist Movement in India: A Reader, OUP, New Delhi,2009.

9. Banga, Indu (ed) The City in Indian History, Manohar Publications, New Delhi 1994.

10. Banerjee, S.N., India : A Nation in Making, Adyar & Co., Calcutta, 1930.

11. Bayly,C.A., Indian Society and the making of the British Empire, CUP, Cambridge, 1990.

12. _________., Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, CUP,Cambridge,1983.

13. Beaud, Micheal, A History of Capitalism (1500-2000), Aakar, New Delhi, 2004.



14. Beteille, Andre, Ideology and Social Science, Penguin, New Delhi, 2006.

15. Bernard S. Cohn, “Comments on Papers on Land Tenure” The Indian Economic and Social History Review, No.1, 177-83.

16. Bhatia, B.M, Famines in India 1860-1965, Asia Publishing House, New York 1967.

17. Bipan Chandra, Rise and Growth of Economic Nationalism in India, People’s Publishing House, New Delhi 1969.

18. __________, Essays in Colonialism, Orient Longman, Delhi, 2000.

19. ________, India’s Struggle for Independence, Penguin, New Delhi, 2001.

20. Blyn, G., Agricultural Trends in India: 1891-1947:Output, Availability and Production, Philadelphia, 1966.

21. Bose, Sugata, Credit, Markets and the Agrarian Economy, Oxford University Press, London, 1994.

22. Broomfield, J.H. Elite Conflict in a Plural Society: Twentieth Century Bengal, Oxford University Press, London 1968.

23. Brown, Judith, M., Modern India: The Origins of An Asian Democracy, Delhi, 1985

24. Buchanan, D.H., The Development of Capitalistic Enterprises in India, New York, 1984.

25. Catanach, I., Rural Credit in Western India 1870-1930, University of California Press, Berkeley 1970.

26. Cohan, Bernard, S., Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge: The British in India, OUP, Delhi, 1997.

27. Davis, Lance, E., and R,A,Huttenback, Mammon and the Pursuit of Empire: The Political Economy of the British Empire (1860-1912), CUP, Cambridge, 1986.

28. Desai A.R., Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Popular Prakashan, Bombay 1966.

29. Dewey Clive, J.,(ed) Arrested Development in India: The Historical Dimension, Manohar, Delhi 1988.

30. ___________., (eds.) Economy and Society: Studies in Indian Economic and Social History, Delhi,1978.

31. Dharma Kumar and Meghnad Desai (eds.) The Cambridge Economic History of India, 1757-1979 Vol. II, Orient Longman, Delhi 1984.

32. Digby, W., ‘Prosperous’ British India: A Revelation from Official Records, London, 1901.

33. Drummond, I.A., British Economic Policy and Empire 1919-39, London 1972.

34. Dutt, R.P., India Today, Manisha, Calcutta 1979 (reprint)



35. Gadgil, D.R, The Industrial Evolution of India in Recent Times: 1860-1939, Oxford University Press Delhi 1973 (reprint).

36. Goldsmith, Raymond, W., The Financial Development of India (1860-1977), New Haven, 1983.

37. Gopal, S., British Policy in India 1858-1905, Cambridge University Press, London, 1965.

38. Gopal, S., and Romila Thapar, Problems of Historical Writings in India, India International Centre, New Delhi, 1962.

39. Guha, Ranjit, Elementary Aspects of Peasant Insurgency in Colonial India, Oxford University Press, Delhi, 1983.

40. Guha, Sumit, Growth, Stagnation or Decline ? Agricutural Production in British India, OUP, New Delhi, 1992.

41. Habib, Irfan, Essays in Indian History: Towards a Marxist Perception, Tulika, New Delhi,1985.

42. __________., Indian Economy (1858-1914), Tulika, New Delhi, 2006.

43. Hobsbawm, Eric, Industry and Empire, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1968.

44. Jeffroy, Robin, (Ed) People, Princes and Paramount Power: Society and Politics in Indian Princely States, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1978.

45. Ludden, David, Agricultural Production and South Asian History, OUP, New Delhi, 2006.

46. Maddison, Anges, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, OECD, Paris, 2008.

47. Mahajan, Sucheta, Independence and Partition: The Erosion of Colonial Power in India, Sage, New Delhi, 2000.

48. Maheshwari,. B P, Industrial and Agricultural Development of India since 1914, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi 1971.

49. Majumdar R.C. (ed), The British Paramountcy and Indian Rennaisance Vols. I & II, Bhartiya Vidya Bhawan, Bombay 1965.

50. Metcalf, T.R. The Aftermath of the Revolt: India 1857-70, PUP, Princeton, 1965.

51. ___________, Land, Landlords and the British Raj: North India in the Nineteenth Century, Delhi 1976.

52. ___________., Ideologies of the Raj, CUP, New Delhi, 1995.

53. Misra B.B, Administrative History of India 1849-1947, OUP, London, 1968.

54. ___________,The Indian Middle Classes, Their Growth in Modern Times, OUP, London 1961.



55. Moore,Jr. Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World, Harmonds 1967.

56. Morris D. Morris, “Trends and Tendencies in Indian Economic History”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review, I, No.4, 319-88.

57. Mukherjee, Aditya, Imperialism, Nationalism and Making the Indian Capitalist Class, Sage, New Delhi, 2002.

58. Mukherjee, Mridula, Peasants in India’s Non-Violent Revolution: Practice and Theory, Sage, New Delhi, 2004.

59. Nicholas Mansergh, The Transfer of Power 1942-47, Vol. I to III, Her Majestry’s Stationery Office, London 1970.

60. Pandey, Gyanendera, The Colonial Construction of Communalism of Modern India, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1996,

61. ___________., Remembering Partition: Violence, Nationalism and History in India, CUP, New Delhi, 2002.

62. Panikkar, K.M. et al., The Making of History: Essays presented to Irfan Habib, Tulika, New Delhi, 2001.

63. Pavlov, V.I., The Indian Capitalist Class, PPH, Delhi, 1964.

64. Raj Jagdish, The Mutiny and British Land Policy in North India 1856-1968, Asia Publishing House, Bombay 1965.

65. Raj, K.N., (eds.) Essays on the Commercialization of Indian Agriculture, OUP, Delhi, 1985.

66. Rothermund, D, Government. Landlords and Peasants in India, Nachiketa Publications, Bombay 1970.

67. _________., India in the Great Depression (1929-1939), Manohar, Delhi, 1992.

68. __________., An Economic History of India from pre-Colonial times to 1986, Manohar, Delhi, 1988.

69. Ravindra Kumar, Werstern India in the Nineteenth Century: A Study in the Social History of Maharashtra, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London 1968.

70. __________., Essays in Social History of Modern India, OUP, Delhi, 1986.

71. Ray, Rajat, Kanta, Industrialization in India: Growth and Conflict in the Indian Corporate Sector (1914-47), OUP, New Delhi, 1979.

72. Roy, Tirthankar, The Economic History of India (1857-1947), OUP, New Delhi, 2000.



73. Sarkar, Sumit, Modern India 1885-1947, Macmillan, New Delhi 1983.

74. Sen, S.K, Studies in the Economic Policy and Development of India 1848-1926, Progressive Publishers, Calcutta 1966.

75. Sen, S.P., (ed), History and Historiography in Modern India, Institute of Historical Study, Calcutta 1969.

76. Sparm G.K., Labour Movement in India, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi 1971.

77. Spear, Percival, Oxford History of Modern India, Clarendon Press, London 1965.

78. Srinivas, M.N, Social Change in Modern Indida, Orient Longman, New Delhi 1977.

79. Stokes Eric, Peasants and the Raj, CUP, Cambridge, 1978.

80. Stone, Ian, Canal Irrigation in British India: Perspectives on Technical Change in a Peasant Economy, CUP, Cambridge, 1984.

81. Sukhbir Chaudhary, Peasants and Workers’ Movements in India 1906-1929, People’s Publishing House, Neiw Delhi 1971.

82. Thorner, Deniel and others, Land and Labour in India, Asia Publishing House, New Delhi 1974(reprint)

83. Tomlinson, B.R., Political Economy of the Raj (1914-47), OUP, London, 1979.

84. Tripathi, D., (ed.), Business and Politics in India: A Historical Perspective, New Delhi, 1991.

85. Verghese, K.E., The Development and Significance of Transport in India, 1834-1882, N.V. Publication, New Delhi 1976.

86. Wallerstein, Immanuel, The Modern World-System: Mercantilism and the Consolidation of the European World Economy (1600-1750), Vol. II, Academic Press, New York, 1980.

87. Warren, Bill, Imperialism: Pioneer of Capitalism, Verso, London, 1980.



THE PUNJAB (1500-1849) SOCIETY AND ECONOMY HSL: 605

Credits: 3-0-0 UNIT I

1. Historical Milieu and Emergence of the Sikh Panth 2 Mughal State and the Sikh Panth (1606-1708).

UNIT II 3. State and the Sikh Society 4 Nature of Landed rights, the Peasantry, the Intermediaries and Village organization.

UNIT III 5. Urban Centres, trade and Commerce; Money-lenders, Artisans and Craftsmen 6. Review of Literature: Writings of J.S.Grewal and Indu Banga.

Bibliography: Books: 1. Baden Powell, The Land System of British India, Vol. II Original Publishers, Delhi 1974

(reprint –first published 1982.

2. Bajwa, Fauja Singh, The Military System of the Sikhs (1799-1849), Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi 1964.

3. ___________, Aftar Ranjit Singh, Master Publishers, New Delhi 1982.

4. ___________, Some Aspects of the State and Society under Ranjit Singh, Master Publishers, New Delhi, 1982.

5. ____________, and A.C.Arora, Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Politics, Society and Economy, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1984. Sikhs.

6. Bal S.S., British Policy towards the Punjab (1844-49), New Age Publishers, Calcutta 1971.

7. Banerjee, Indu Bhushan, Evolution of the Khalsa, Vols 2, A. Mukherjee & Co., Calcutta,1960.

8. Banga, Indu, Agrarian System of the Sikhs, Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 1978.

9. ________ (ed), Five Punjabi Centuries: Polity, Economy, Society and Culture C 1500-1990, Manohar Publications, New Delhi, 1977.

10. Bhagat Singh, Sikh Polity, Oriental Publishers New Delhi 1978.

11. Bhatti, Inderyas, Nobility under the Lahore Darbar (1789-1849), M.Phil Dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1981.

12. Bottomore, T.B., Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature, George Allan & Unwin, London 1975(reprint).

13. Chetan Singh, Region and Empire: Punjab in the Seventeenth Century, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1991.



14. Chopra, G.L. The Panjab as a Sovereign State, Vishweshvaranand Vedic Research Institute, Hoshiarpur 1960.

15. G.S,.Talib (ed), Guru Teg Bahadur, Punjabi Univeirsity, Patiala 19786.

16. Ganda Singh, Baba Banda Singh Bahadur, Sarhind Historical Research Society, Sarhind 1976.

17. Grewal J.S, From Guru Nanak to Maharaja Ranjit Singh, Guru Nanak Dev Univeirsity, Amritsar 1970.

18. _________, The Reign of Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Structure of Power Economy and Society, Sita Ram Kohli Memorial Lectures, Punjabi University, Patiala 1981.

19. _________, Guru Teg Bahadur and the Persian Chronicles, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 1976.

20. ________, Guru Nanak in History, Panjab University, Chandigarh 1979 (2nd ed).

21. __________, Maharaja Ranjit Singh:Polity Economy and Society, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 2001.

22. _________, and S.S.Bal, Guru Gobind Singh, Panjab University, Chandigarh 1967.

23. __________, Studies in Urban History, Guru Nanak Dev Univiersity, Amritsar 1981.

24. _________, The Sikhs of the Punjab, New Cambridge History of India, Orient Longmans Hyderabad 1990.

25. __________, Sikh Ideology, Polity and Social Order, Manohar Publications, New Delhi 1998 (ed)

26. _________, The Khalsa: Sikh and Non-Sikh Perspectives, Manohar, Delhi 2004.

27. Grewal, J.S. & Indu Banga (eds), Maharaja Ranjit Singh: Soociety and Economy, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 2001.

28. Griffin, Lepel, Ranjit singh, Kitab Mahal 1957 (reprint).

29. _______, The Punjab Chiefs: Historical and Biographical notes the Principal Families in the Territory under Punjab Government, Lahore 1865.

30. Grewal, Reeta and Pall, Sheena, Five Centuries of Sikh Tradition, Manohar, Delhi 2005

31. Grewal, Reeta and Pall Sheena, Pre-Colonial and Colonial Punjab: Society, Economy, Politics and Culture, Manohar, Delhi 2005

32. Gupta H.R., History of the Sikhs, 4 Vols, Munshiram Manoharlal, New Delhi 1978 ( 3rd ed) – 1982.

33. Hans, Surjit, A Reconstruction of Sikh History from Sikh Literature, ABS Publications, Jalandhar 1988.

34. Hasrat, Bikramjit, Life and Times of Ranjit Singh, VVRI, Hoshiarpur, 1977.



35. Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Vol I, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1966.

36. Kohli, Sita Ram, Sunset of the Sikh Empire, Orient Longmans, New Delhi 1967.

37. Marenco, Ethne, K, The Transformation of Sikh Society, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi 1976.

38. Mcleod, W.H., The Evolution of the Sikh Community, Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1975.

39. _________., The Sikhs : History, Religion and Society, Columbia University Press, New York, 1989.

40. _________., Historical Dictionary of Sikhism, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1995.

41. Pashaura Singh and N.G. Barrier, Sikhism and History, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004

42. Qaiser, A.J., The Indian Response to European Technology and Culture (1498-1507), Oxford University Press Delhi 1982.

43. Raghubir Singh (ed), Khushwaqt Rai’s Ahwal-i-Firqah-i-Sikhan Ph.D. Thesis, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

44. Ray, Nihar Ranjan, The Sikh Gurus and the Sikh Society, Munshiram Manoharlal, Delhi 1975(2nd ed).

45. Sachdeva , Veena, Polity and Economy of the Punjab: During the Late 18th Century, Manohar, New Delhi 1993.

46. Sharma, Radha, Peasantry and the State : Early Nineteenth Century Punjab. K.K. Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, Shimla 2000.

47. _________, The Lahore Darbar, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 2001.

48. ________,Punjab di Kisani da Samaj Shastri Adhiyan, Punjabi University Patiala, 2001.

49. _________,Contemprary and Later Perspectives on Maharaja Ranjit Singh, G.N.D.University, Amritsar, 2007.

50. Singh, S.P. and Sharma Harish C. (ed), Europeans and Maharaja Ranjit Singh, G.N.D.University, Amritsar, 2001.

51. Sinha N.K., Rise of the Sikh Power, A Mukherjee & Co, Calcutta, 1960.

52. __________, Ranjit Singh, A Mukherjee & Co., Calcutta 1968.

53. Sulakhan Singh, Heterodoxy in the Sikh Tradition, ABS Publishers Jalandhar, 2000.

54. Teja Singh and Ganda Singh (eds) Maharaja Ranjit Singh : First Death Centenary Memorial Volume, Punjab Language Department, Patiala 1970 (reprint, first published 1939).

55. ________, A Short History of the Sikhs, Bombay 1950.



Articles: 1. Bajwa Fauja Singh, “Foundation of the Khalsa Commonwealth” The Panjab Past and

Present, Vol,. V Pt.1, 1971, 197-211.

2. ________.,“Martyrdom of Guru Teg Bahadur”. The Panjab Past and Present, Vol.IX, Pt.I 1975, 137-38.

3. Banga, Indu, “The Jagiridari System of Maharaja Ranjit Singh in the light of his orders”, Proceedings, Indian History Congress 1979, 42-50.

4. _________., “State Formation under Sikh Rule”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. I (1980), 15-35.

5. ________., The Ruling Class in the Kingdom of Lahore”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. III, 1982, 15-24.

6. Ganda Singh, “Development of Sikh Thought upto the end of the 19th Century”, Punjab Past and Present, Vol. II, Pt. I, 1968, 1-25.

7. ________., “Nanak Panthis”, Panjab Past and Present, Vol. I, Pt. I, 1968, 1-25.

8. Goswami, B.N. “The Context of Painting in the Sikh Punjab”, Journal of Regional History Vol. II, 1982, 85-105.

9. Grewal J.S, “The Present State of Sikh Studies”, Historian’s Punjab: Miscellaneous Articles, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 19075, 153-62.

10. __________, “The Prophet of Assurance”, Guru Teg Bahdur (ed Gurbachan Singh Talib), Punjabi University, Patiala 1976, 75-80.

11. ____________ “Presidential Address: Medieval India, Proceedings Indian History Congress 1978 209-17.

12. _________, The Historians of Maharaja Ranjit Singh”, Journal of Regional History Vol. II, 1981, 129-40.

13. _________, “The Sikh Movement : A Historical Note”, Dissent Protest and Reform in Indian Civilization (ed S.C. Malik) Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla 1977, 159-66.

14. ___________, The Khalsa of Guru Gobind Singh : A Problem in Historiography”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. II, 12-20.

15. Hans S.S., “The Mehrban Janamsakhi”, Studies in Local and Regional History (ed. J.S.Grewal), Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1974, 86-108.

16. _________, “The Early Sikh Tradition”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. I, 1980, 175-88.

17. _____________, “The Gurbilas in the early Nineteenth Century” Journal of Regional History, Vol. II, 1981, 43-56.

18. Johal D.S. “Heroic Literature in Punjabi” Journal of Regional History. Vol. II, 1981, 57-84.



19. Kohli, Sita Ram, “Land Revenue Administration”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol. 1971, 436-53.

Primary Sources: 1. Adi Sri Guru Granth Sahib (Sri Damdama Bir)

2. Bhai Gurdas, Varan Bhai Gurdas (eds. Hazara Singh & Vir Singh)

3. Bishan Singh (ed), Sri Dasam Granth Sahib Steek, Amritsar

4. Debi Parshad, Gulshan-i-Punjab (tr. H.S.Kohli), Punjabi University, Patiala.

5. Fauja Singh (ed), Hukamnamas of Shri Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib, Punjabi University, Patiala 1967.

6. Ganda Singh (ed), Hukamnamay, Punjabi University, Patiala 1967.

7. Giani Lal Singh (td) & Fauja Singh Bajwa (ed), Punjab Di Sair (Panjabi translation of Sujan Rai’s Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh), Panjabi University, Patiala 1972.

8. Gopal Singh (tr), Sri Guru Granth Sahib, Delhi 1962.

9. Goswami, B.N.& J.S.Grewal (tr. & Ed) , The Mughal and Sikh Rulers and the Vaishnavas of Pindori (Persian Documents), IIAS, Shimla 1969.

10. ________, The Mughals and the Jogis of Jakhbar (Persian Documents), IIAS, Shimla 1967.

11. Grewal, J.S. and Indu Banga, “Early Nineteenth Century Punjab, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amrtisar 1975.

12. __________, Umdat-ut-Tawarikh (Punjabi tr.) Daftar II, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar.

13. ------------, (tr and ed) Civil and Military Affairs of Maharaja Ranjit Singh :Sita Ram Kohli Collection of Military Parwanas, Guru Nanak Dev Univeirsity, Armitsar 1985.

14. ------------and Irfan Habib, (ed) Sikh History from Persian Sources, Indian History Congress, 2001

15. Gurbaksh Singh (tr), Tarikh-i-Punjab (Ahmed Shah Batalia’s Tarikh-i-Hind, Panjabi University, Patiala 1969.

16. Jaggi, Rattan Singh, Dasam Granth da Pauranik Adhiyan, Jalandhar, 1965.

17. Sohan Lal Suri, Umdat-ut-Twearikh, Daftar II-V (tr by V.S. Suri), G.N.D.University, 2001.

18. Joginder Kaur, Ram Sukh Rao’s Shri Fateh Singh Partap Parbhakar, Early 19th Century Punjab, Published by Author, Patiala 1980.

19. Kanhaiya Lal, Tarikh-i-Panjab (tr Jit Singh Sital), Panjabi University, Patiala 1968.

20. Macauliffe, M.A., The Sikh Religion, 6 Vols. Oxford University Press, London, 1909.



THE PUNJAB (1849-1947): SOCIETY AND ECONOMY HSL: 606

Credits: 3-0-0

UNIT I 1. New Administration, Transport and Communications 2. Agriculture, Industry, Trade and Commerce

UNIT II 3. Education, Social Classes 4. Socio- Religious Reforms

UNIT III 5. Political Developments (1920-1947)

6. Review of Literature: Writings of Tom.G. Kessinger and Mridula Mukherjee. Bibliography: Books:

1. Ali, Imran, The Punjab under Imperialism (1885-1947), OUP, Delhi,1989.

2. Bal, S.S., A Brief History of the Modern Punjab, Lyall Book Depot, Ludhiana, 1974.

3. Banga, Indu, Five Punjabi Centuries: Essays for Dr J.S. Grewal, Manohar, New Delhi 1997.

4. Banerjee, Himadri, Agrarian Society of the Punjab, 1849-1901, Manohar Book Service, New Delhi, 1982.

5. Barrier, N.G, The Sikhs and Their Literature, Manohar Book Service, Delhi 1970.

6. ________., Banned Controversial Literature and Political Control in British India, 1907-47, Manohar Book Service, Delhi 1976.

7. Bottamore, T.B., A Sociology: A Guide to Problems and Literature, George Allen & Unwin London 19785 (reprint).

8. Chaman Lal, Bhagat Singh: The Jail Notebook and Other Writings, Leftword, New Delhi, 2007.

9. Chhabra, G.S., Social and Economic History of the Panjab (1949-1901), S. Nagin & Co. Jalandhar 1962.

10. Desai, A.R., Social Background of Indian Nationalism, Popular Prakshan, Bombay 1988 (4th ed).

11. Domin, Dolores, India in 1857-59: A Study in the Role of the Sikhs in the People’s Uprising, Akademic Verlag, Berlin 1977.

12. Dungen, P.H.M.van den, The Punjab Tradition, George Allen & Unwin, London 1972.

13. Fauja Singh, A Brief Account of the Freedom Movement in the Punjab, Punjabi University, Patiala, 1972.



14. _____________, Kuka Movement, Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1965.

15. __________, Historians and Historiography of the Sikhs, Oriental Publishers, Delhi 1978.

16. Fox, Richard G., Lions of the Punjab: Culture in the Making, Archives Publishers, New Delhi 1987.

17. Gulati, Kailash Chandra, The Akalis: Past and Present, Asha Janak Publications, New Delhi 1974.

18. Grewal J.S., The Sikhs of the Punjab, New Cambridge History of India, Orient Longman, Hyderabad, 1997.

19. __________., The Akalis: A Short History, Punjab Studies Publications, Chandigarh, 1996.

20. Grewal, Reeta, Colonialism and Urbanization in India: The Punjab Region, Manohar, New Delhi, 2009.

21. Grewal, Reeta and Pall, Sheena, Pre-Colonial and Colonial Punjab: Society, Economy Politics and Culture, Manohar, Delhi 2005.

22. Harminder Singh, Industrial Development in the Punjab 1901-47, M.Phil, Dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1981.

23. Hira B.S., Social Change in Upper Bari Doab(1849-1947), G.N.D.university, Amritsar, 1996.

24. Islam,M.M., Irrigation, Agriculture and the Raj: Punjab (1887-1947), Manohar, New Delhi, 1997.

25. Jalal, Ayesha, Jinnah: The Sole Spokesman, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.

26. Joginder Singh, The Sikh Resurgence, National Book Organization, New Delhi 1977.

27. __________., Namdhari Guru Ram Singh, NBT, New Delhi, 2010.

28. Jones, Kenneth W. Arya Dharm: Hindu Consciousness in 19th Century Punjab, Manohar Book Service, Delhi 1976.

29. Josh, Bhagwan, The Communist Movement in Punjab (1925-1947),Anupam, Delhi, 1979.

30. Josh, Sohan Singh, Akali Morchian Da Itihas (Punjabi), Navyug Publishers, New Delhi 1972.

31. Kapur, Rajiv,A., Sikh Separatism: The Politics of Faith, Vikas, New Delhi, 1987.

32. Kessinger, Tom G., Vilyatpur 1848-1968 : Social and Economic Change in a North Indian Village, Yong Asia Publications, New Delhi 1979.

33. Khilnani N.M., The Punjab under the Lawrences, Punjab Government Record Office, Publication, Monograph No.2, Shimla1951.

34. Khushwant Singh, A History of the Sikhs, Vol. II Oxford University Press, Delhi 1978.(reprint).

35. Linden,Bob van der, Moral Laguages from Colonial Punjab: The Singh Sabha, Arya Samaj and Ahmadyias, Manohar, New Delhi, 2008.



36. Lavan, Spencer, The Ahmadiyah Movement, Manohar Book Service, Delhi, 1974.

37. Malhotra, S.L. Gandhi and the Punjab, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 1970

38. Marenco, Ethne K, The Transformation of Sikh Society, Heritage Publishers, New Delhi 1976.

39. Mathur, Y.B., British Administration of the Punjab (1849-75), Surjeet Book Depot, Delhi n.d.

40. Mehta H.R., A History of the Growth and Development of Western Education in the Punjab 1846-1884, Punjab Languages Department, Patiala 1971 (reprint).

41. Misra B.B., The Indian Middle Classes: Their Growth in Modern Times, OUP, London 1961.

42. Mittal, S.C., Freedom Movement in Punjab (1915-35), Concept Publishing Company, Delhi 1977.

43. Mohan Kamlesh, Militant Nationalism in the Punjab, 1919-1935, Manohar Publications, New Delhi 1985.

44. Mohinder Singh, The Akali Movement, Macmillan, Delhi 1978.

45. Mukherjee, Mridula, Colonializing Agriculture: The Myth of Punjab Exceptionalism, Sage New Delhi, 2005.

46. Navtej Singh, Starvation and Colonialism: A Study of Famines in the Nineteenth Century British Punjab (1858-1901), National Book Organisation, New Delhi,1996.

47. Noorani, A.G., The Trail of Bhagat Singh: Politics of Justice, OUP, New Delhi, 2005.

48. O”Connell, Joseph T, and Others (ed), Sikh History and Religion in Twentieth Century, Centre for South Asian Studies, University of Toronto, 1988.

49. Oberoi, Harjot S., Reconstruction of Religious Boundaries, OUP, New Delhi, 1994.

50. Pandey, Gyanendra, Remembering Partition, Cambridge University Press, New Delhi 2000.

51. __________, The Colonial Construction of Communalism in Modern India, Oxford University Press, Delhi 1996.

52. Pritam Singh, Globalization & Religion: Explorations in Punjabi Identity, Coventry, 1997.

53. Puri, H.K., The Ghadar Movement, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 1993.

54. Puri, Nina, Political Elite and Society in the Punjab, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi, 1985.

55. Rai, Satya M, Partition of the Punjab, Asia Publishing House Bombay 1965

56. ____________, Punjabi Heroic Tradition, 1900-1947, Punjabi University Patiala 1978.

57. Saini B.S., The Social and Economic History of the Punjab (1901-1939), Ess Ess Publication, Delhi 1975.



58. Settar S & Indira Baptista Gupta, Pangs of Partition, Vols 2, ICHR, Manohar, New Delhi, 2002.

59. Sharma, Harish C., Artisans of the Punjab: A Study of Socio-Economic Change in a Historical Perspective 1849-1947, Manohar Publication, New Delhi 1996.

60. Smith, Anthony, Social Change and Social Process, Longman, London 1975.

61. Sohal, Sukhdev Singh, The Making of Middle Classes in the Punjab, 1849-1947, ABS Publications, Jalandhar,2008.

62. Srinivas, M.N., Social Change in Modern India, Orient Longman, Bombay 1977(reprint).

63. Sukhpal Singh, Civil Service in the Punjab (1849-1947), ABS Publishers, Jalandhar 1987.

64. Sukhwant Singh, Agricultural Growth under Colonial Constraints: The Punjab 1849-1947, Manpreet Prakashan, Delhi 2000,

65. ___________, Peasant–Proprietors in the Punjab 1849-1901, Manpreet Prakashan, Delhi 2002.

66. Surinder Kaur, British Policy Towards Education in the Punjab 1849-1947, M.Phil Dissertation, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 1981.

67. Talbot, Ian, Punjab under the Raj (1849-1947), Manohar, New Delhi, 1988

68. Tandon, Prakash, Punjabi Saga, Orient Paper Back, New Delhi 1990.

69. Tanwar, Raghuvendra, Politics of Sharing Power: The Punjab Unionist Party (1923-1947) Manohar, New Delhi, 1999.

70. __________., Reporting the Partition of 1947: Press, Public and Other Opinions, Manohar, New Delhi, 2006.

71. Tuteja, K.L., Sikh Politics, Vikas Publishing House, New Delhi 1984.

72. Webster, John C.B, The Nirankari Sikhs, Macmillan, Delhi 1979.

Articles: 1. Banga, Indu, “Social Structure, Religious Ideology and Political Articulation: The Sikhs of

the Punjab”, Presidential Address, India History Congress, Dharwar 1988.

2. ___________, The Crisis of Sikh Politics (1940-1947) “, Sikh History and Religion in the Twentieth Century, Centre for South Asian Studies, University of Toronto 1988, PP 235-55.

3. Barrier, N.G., “The Formation and Enactment of the Punjab Alienation of Land Bill”, The Indian Economic and Social History Review Vol.II, No.I, 1966 145-55

4. __________, “The Arya Samaj and Congress Politics in the Punjab, 1894-1908”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol. V,P II 1971, 343-67.

5. __________, “The British and Controversial Publications in the Punjab”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol. III, Pt. 1, 1974 32-60.



6. __________, Punjab Disturbances of 1907”, The Panjab Past and Present Vol.III, Pt. 2, 1974, 444-47.

7. ___________, “The Punjab Government and Communal Politics,1870-1908”, Journal of Asian Studies, Vo. XXVII, No.3, 523-40.

8. ___________, Mass Politics and Punjab Congress in the Pre-Gandhian Era”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vo. IX, Pt. 2, 1975 349-59.

9. Bhagat Singh, :The Kuka Movement”,The Panjab Past and Present, Vo. VII, Pt. I, 1973, pp.148-55.

10. Chowdhry, Prem, “Rural Relations Prevailing in the Punjab at the time of Enactment of the so called Golden Laws: Agrarian Legislation of the Late Nineteenth Century Punjab”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol.X, Pt. 2, 1976,45-61.

11. Dungen, P.H.M.van den, “Changes in Status and Occupation in Nineteenth Century Punjab”, Soundings in Modern South Asian History (ed,. D.A. Low) Wiedenfeld and Nicholoson, London 1968, 59-94.

12. Grewal J.S, and Sharma, Harish C., “Political Change and Social Readjustment: Case of the Sikh Aristocracy in the Punjab”, Proceedings of Indian History Congress, Goa 1987.

13. Gurdarshan Singh, “Origin and Development of the Singh Sabhas”, The Punjab Past and Present, Vol. VII, 1975, 45-58.

14. Harbans Singh, “Origin of the Singh Sabha”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol. VII, Pt.I, 1973, 21-30.

15. Heager, Gerald A., “The Growth of the Congress Movement in the Punjab, 1920-1947”, Journal of Asian Studies, Vo. XXXII, 1972-73, 32-53.

16. Jai Gopal, “The Tenants and the Punjab Tenancy Act of 1887”, Proceedings Punjab History Conference, Patiala, 1975, 159-67.

17. _____________, “The Tenancy Policy of the British Punjab Government and Social Development 1849-1900”, Proceedings Punjab History Conference, Patiala 19786, 269-76.

18. Oren, Stephen, “Sikh Congress and Unionists in British Punjab, 1937-1945”, Modern Asian Studies, Vol. III, Pt. 8, 1974, 397-418.

19. Rai, Satya, M. “Agrarian Movement in the Punjab 1906-09”,Proceedings Punjab History Conference, Patiala 1973, 139-47.

20. Sharma, Harish Chander, “Politicization Among the Chamars of the Punjab (Early 20th Century)”, Journal of Regional History, Vo. IV, 1983.

21. Shukla, S.P. “The Middle Class and the National Movement in Haryana”, Proceedings Punjab History Conference, Patiala 1982, 384-406

22. Sohal, Sukhdev Singh, “British Policies and Money Lenders in the Agrarian Economy of Punjab 1849-1947”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. IV, 1983, 115-27.



23. __________, “Consequences of Commercialization of Agriculture in the Colonial Punjab 1849-1901”, Proceedings of Punjab History Conference, Patiala 27-29, March 1987, 217-24.

24. __________, “Political Economy of Communalism: Late 19th Century Colonial Punjab”, Man and Development Chandigarh Vol. IX, June 1987, 1220.

25. ___________, “Professional Middle Classes in the Punjab”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. VIII, 1982, 72-86.

26. Sukhwant Singh, “The Peasant Proprietors in the Punjab 1849-1901”, Proceedings Punjab History Conference, Patiala 1980, 185-96.

27. ___________, “Agricultural Development in the Punjab(1949-1947)”, Journal of Regional History, Vol. I, 1980, 88-106.

28. Talwar K.S., “The Anand Marriage Act”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol II, Pt 2, 1968, 400-10.

29. Teja Singh, “The Singh Sabha Movement”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol. VII, 1973, 31-44

30. Wasti, S. Razi, “ The Punjab Colonization Act and Sir Mian Mohammed Shafi”, The Panjab Past and Present, Vol. X, Pt. 1, 1976, 120-29.

31. Webster, John C.B. “Modern Historical Scholarship and the Sikh Religious Tradition”, Studies in Local and Regional History (ed. J.S.Grewal), G.N.D.University, Amritsar 1974, 109-37.

Primary Sources: 1. Administration Reports (Punjab: 1849-1947). 2. Badan-Powell,B.H., The Land System of British India, II, Oriental Publishers, 1974(reprint).

3. Calvert, H, The Wealth and Welfare of the Punjab, Civil and Military Gazette Press, Lahore 1922.

4. Census Reports (Punjab) 1855, 1868, 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921 and 1931.

5. Darling, M.L., The Panjab Peasant in Prosperity and Debt, Manohar Publications, Delhi 1977.

6. Das, Dial, Vital Statistics of the Punjab (1901-19400, Lahore, 1943.

7. District Gazetteers (Punjab), 1883-84 and Subsequent Issues.

8. Datta, V.N., New Light on the Punjab Disturbances, Vol.1, IIAS, Shimla, 1973.

9. Douie, James, The Punjab North-West Frontier Province and Kashmir, Seema Publications, Delhi 1974 (reprint).

10. Ganda Singh (ed), Some Confidential Papers of the Akali Movement SGPC, Amritsar, 1965.

11. Grewal, J.S. and H.K.Puri, Letters of Udham Singh, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 1978.

12. Gustafson, E & Jones,Kenneth (ed), Sources on Punjab History, Manohar Book Service, Delhi, 1975.



13. Ibbetson, D., Panjab Castes, Languages Department, Punjab, Patiala 1970 (reprint).

14. Imperial Gazetteer of India Provincial Series, Punjab, 2 Vols., 1908.

15. Kirpal Singh, Select Documents on the Partition of Punjab: 1947, National Book Shop, Delhi, 2006.

16. O’Dwyer, Michael, India As I Knew It (1885-1925), Mittal Publications, New Delhi, 2004 (First Published in 1925).

17. Punjab Disturbances, 1919 - 20, 2 Vols., Deep Publications Delhi 19780 (reprint)

18. Rose, H.A., A Glossary of Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North West Frontier Province, 3 Vols. , Language Department, Punjab, Patiala 1979 (reprint).

19. Sharma, Sri Ram, Punjab in Ferment, S Chand & Co., New Delhi, 1971.

20. Thorburn, S.S., Punjab in Peace and War, Languages Department, Punjab, Patiala 1970 (reprint).

21. ________,Musalmans and Moneylenders in the Punjab, Mittal Publications, Delhi, 1983 (reprint)