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Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision
Support System
G. Anzaldi, A. Corchero, X. Domingo, F. Guitart, J. Pijuan, E. Rubion, R. Sanfeliu
Bologna, 20th October 2016
Water-Ideas Conference
2Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Outline
Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
1. Introduction
2. Framework Overview
3. Decision Support System Implementation
4. Example of Use
3Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Outline
Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
1. Introduction
2. Framework Overview
3. Decision Support System Implementation
4. Example of Use
4Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Introduction
• Decision-making over the Water Distribution Networks (WDN)
• Use hydraulic simulation tools (i.e. EPANET)
• Future operational status of a WDN using Hydraulic
simulation tools
• The resulting report is a big raw text
• Resulting report is very useful for specific analysis BUT
• Quite difficult to derive general conclusions relevant for
decision making in WDN
5Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Introduction
• Decision Support framework
• Capable of providing recommendations for the multi-
objective efficiency
Energy Quality
Demand Maintenance
Multi-objective
Optimization
Results of the
simulation tools
Expert
Knowledge of
Water Managers among others
Decision Support Framework Overview
6Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Outline
Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
1. Introduction
2. Framework Overview
3. Decision Support System Implementation
4. Example of Use
7Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Framework Overview
• Split Information and Knowledge:
• FACTS: status and infrastructural elements (EPANET information and
network configuration)
o RULES: collect all the Water Managers’ knowledge referring the
WDN (known as expert knowledge)
Main advantages of using a rule based system in the DSS are:
(i) separation between decisional process and domain information
(ii) decisional process is guided by the rules (what to do) instead of lead by
them (how to do it)
(iii) good performance parameters in terms of execution speed and
scalability achieved by the Inference Engine;
(iv) the knowledge is centralised in the form of rules within the Rules
Repository
8Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Framework Overview
9Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Framework Overview
1. A Semantic Parser to extract the data from the hydraulic simulation
tool results.
2. The Water Management Ontology (WMOnt) provides a common
vocabulary abstracting the water infrastructural elements.
3. A Web Based Rule Editor to transform Expert Knowledge to a
Declarative Rule Language that the Inference Engine can interpret.
4. A Water Based Standard and a Standard Interface to structure
information and the way results are delivered.
10Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Outline
Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
1. Introduction
2. Framework Overview
3. Decision Support System Implementation
4. Example of Use
11Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Introduction
Decision
Support
Framework
• Applied• Implemented • Validated
• Implementation of a Decision SupportSystem (DSS)
• Real cases• Reuse of Expert
Knowledge• Integration in a IWMS• Use of specific tools
• DSS runs after each simulation of the WDN • Specific recommendations (warnings and alarms) • Increase the efficiency (multi-objective)• Custom configurable parameters
Decision Support System Overview
12Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Decision Support System Implementation
For the implementation of the DSS the following decisions have been
taken:
(i) the simulation tool is EPANET which is imposed by the CBR and the real-
scenario;
(ii) the applied inference engine is Drools due to their robustness and
reasoning efficiency;
(iii) the ontology corresponds to the WMOnt fully aligned with existent
hydrological standards, data models and semantics;
(iv) the standard used to return the results is OGC®-WaterML2.0 widely
adopted for hydrologic information exchange;
(v) the open interface is OGC®-WPS, a standardized web service definition
for geospatial processing services.
13Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Decision Support System Implementation
14Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Outline
Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
1. Introduction
2. Framework Overview
3. Decision Support System Implementation
4. Example of Use
15Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Example of Use
Example:
Let’s suppose that there’s a big city simulation case, and particular focus the use of the DSS to a reduced set of reservoirs (e.g. a tank).
# Rule Level Rule
1 Warning The minimum level of water should be 2m at any moment
to assure water quality.
2 Alarm Whenever the level is above 5m, all pumps filling the tank
must be switched off.
These rules are introduced by the WaterManager and transformed to a DRL rules file
16Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Example of Use
Model
variables
Entities
from
Logical
Model
(tank,
pipes,
etc…)
Rules
Body and
Head of
the rules
User
defined
variables
Functions
17Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Example of Use
rule "Tank"
when
$WR1: WaterResource(id == "FillingTank")
$FoI1: FeatureOfInterest(waterResource == $WR1)
$OF: Observation(feature == $FoI1, phenomenon.id == "Flow")
$OWT: Observation(feature == $FoI1, phenomenon.id == "WaterTable")
$TSOF: TimeSeriesObservation(observation == $OF)
$tvp1: TimeValuePair(value>0) from $ TSOF.values
$TSOWT: TimeSeriesObservation(observation == $OWT)
$tvp2: TimeValuePair(value>5) from $ TSOWT.values
$tvp1.getPosition()!=$tvp2.getPosition()
then
MESSAGES.add(new RuleMessage(
RuleMessage.MessageType.ERROR, “Tank ", String.format("Pumps from Tank are
running at %s when the water table is over 5m ",$tvp1.getPosition())));
End
18Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Example of Use
<WaterResources>
<WaterResource id="FillingTank">
<FeaturesOfInterest>
<FeatureOfInterest id="Tank">
<Observation id="T_WLevel" phenomenon="WaterLevel" procedure="Simulation">
<TimeSeries table="Node" elementId="Tank" column="Head"/>
</Observation>
</FeatureOfInterest>
<FeatureOfInterest id="Pump1">
<Observation id="P1_Flow" p="Flow" procedure="Simulation">
<TimeSeries table="Node" elementId="P102783henomenon" column="Flow"/>
</Observation>
</FeatureOfInterest>
<FeatureOfInterest id="Pump2">
<Observation id="P2_Flow" phenomenon="Flow" procedure="Simulation">
<TimeSeries table="Node" elementId=" P102784" column="Flow"/>
</Observation>
</FeatureOfInterest>
</WaterResource>
</WaterResources>
19Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Example of Use
The process begins when the OGC®-WPS send the execution order to the
DSS.
At this time, this execution function is accompanied with the required
execution information as:
(i) EPANET simulation result;
(ii) a DRL file with the Water Manager knowledge; and
(iii) an XML file with the model including the WDN assets to be considered
by the DSS.
20Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Example of Use
The final output if pumps are running when the tank level is above 5m:
<wml2:Collection
xmlns:wml2="http://www.opengis.net/waterml/2.0"
xmlns:gml="http://www.opengis.net/gml"
xmlns:om="http://www.opengis.net/om/2.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.opengis.net/waterml/2.0 http://www.opengis.net//waterml//waterml2.xsd"
gml:id="alert_waterlevel_tank">
<gml:description>Pumps from Tank are running at 16:00 when the water table is over 5m </gml:description>
<wml2:metadata>
<wml2:DocumentMetadata gml:id="WatERP.DocMD.1">
<wml2:generationDate>2016-10-15T15:10:00+02:00</wml2:generationDate>
<wml2:generationSystem>DSS</wml2:generationSystem>
</wml2:DocumentMetadata>
</wml2:metadata>
<wml2:temporalExtent>
21Towards Multi-Objective Efficiency in Water Distribution Networks through a Decision Support System
Conclusions
1. Minimization/maximization of WDN parameters through a
DSS
2. Automatic analyisis of simulation results
3. Apply the same reasoning process that a Water Manager
would have followed
4. Enhancement of the functionality of EPANET results
5. Provide semantic capabilities to EPANET outputs
6. Centralization of Water Manager knowledge
7. Use of standards and ontologies for Interoperability
achievement