Guide4appusehighperfconcrete En

Guideline for Application and Use of High Performance

Concrete

in Projects of Ministry of Transportation

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Rajab 1431 H

July 2010

ا�شتخدام تقنية اخلر�شانة عالية الأداء يف م�شاريع وزارة النقل

الإ�شدار : 1431/1 هـ

Use of High Performance Concrete in Mot ProjectsVersion : 1 / 2010 5

Preface ByH.E.Dr.Jobarah bin Eid Al-Suraisry

Minister of Transport

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia achieved

a great development in Highway and

construction fields during a short period

of time, and it has an advanced Highway

networks matching with the finest Highway

networks in the world comparable in its

structure and bridges. Concrete structures

as bridges and culverts represent vitally

essential part of network elements. Quality

of concrete in Saudi Arabia was raised because of using ready-mixed concrete.

This development would achieved for the grace of Allah, and unlimited

support from the Government of the Custodian of the Tow Holy Mosques

King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud and his royal highness Prince Sultan

bin Abdulaziz Al-Saud.

Using of ready-mixed concrete in Highway projects and bridges gives a

great impact in raising the level of concrete work and also it gives possiabilty

for using deferent types of cement and producing different types of concrete

(from ordinary concrete to high strength concrete and high performance

concrete) ,Although the Kingdom environment characterized by cruel and

adverse effect on concrete structures. The process of design and implementation

of concrete bridges are still based primarily on the basis of their ability to




transfer loads only, without any regard to the durability of concrete and its

ability to resist the elements of nature and the environment. Accordingly, this

is the time to activate the role of «Durability Based Approach» in the three

stages of construction: design, implementation, and maintenance. Among the

most important ways to

activate the trend towards of durability and resistance to time is the use of

high-performance concrete, which will be covered in this guideline.

I hope that this guideline helps all persons interested in High performance

concrete implementation and design.

With best Wishes of success,,,,,,,,




Highway and bridge projects in the

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are the biggest

and the more numerous in the Arab world.

Ministry cares by raising the efficiency of

bridges not only in terms of transfer the

loads from vehicles, but also in terms of

bridges resistance to the environmental

and climatic conditions. Ministry has

concerned with research and studies deal

with this area and contracted with one of the local consultants to cooperate

in preparing the study on the application of the system in high-performance

concrete in projects of Ministry of Transport to take into account the durability

and ( resistance ) factors.

High-performance concrete has several definitions, and the definition of

HPC according to Strategic Highway Research-SHRP can be summarized as

follows:

A highest proportion of water to cement (W/C) = 0.35 •

Minimum durability factor is 80% as measured in s (ASTM C666)•

Minimum Compressive Strength for Concrete. •

The Federal Highway Administration – (FHWA) has proposed a definition

of high-performance concrete using concrete in the performance at latest

Preface ByH.E Eng. Abdullah bin Abdul-rahman Al- Mogbel

Deputy Minister of Transport For Road




age. The proposed definition depends on four factors for the durability and

four factors for the resistance of concrete. In addition, American Concrete

Institute –( ACI) has been defined high-performance concrete as a concrete,

given the special requirements in the performance and consistency that can

not be obtained always from using regular components and regular method

of mixing and treatment as usual, and these requirements can be summarized

as follows:

Easy for casting and compaction without any effect on concrete •

strength.

High resistance at late ages.•

High strength.•

Volume stability.•

Long life at hard climate conditions. •

The bridge engineers should put into their consideration when determining

the definition of high-performance concrete all the factors of durability and

resistance, because the performance of concrete will be measured by several

factors and linked to their respective concrete resistance and determining the

performance of each factor by standard tests.

In economic side, the cost per cubic meter of high-performance concrete

is more than the cost per cubic meter of normal concrete because the high-

performance concrete, contains higher amounts of cement and other cement

materials and quantities of the highest additions of concrete plasticizers,

plasticizers. But it must be known that concrete is only one of the component

used in concrete construction. The total cost of the bridges depends on several




other factors, including the implementation period and the amount of concrete

used, which could be much reduced in case of using high-performance

concrete. As the pressure resistance of the concrete have the greatest influence

in the design and the tensile strength has a secondary effect on the design, the

use of concrete to resist high pressure may lead to increase bridges spans up

to 145%, which are used by concrete with normal resistance, and the use of

concretes with high resistance has led to use a cable diameter of 15.2 mm.

This guide has been taken into account the definition of the properties

of high performance concrete, different grades of HPC, specifications of the

various constituent materials available in the Kingdom and the way of design,

and the standard tests for quality control of high-performance concrete in

accordance with the conditions of the Kingdom.

The ministry advises all contractors and consultants who are associated

with its projects to abide by the steps and instructions given in this manual in

pursuit of the public interest.




Acknowledgement

The Ministry of Transport (MOT) would like to thank all those who

contributed to the preparation and production of this Manual in its present

shape. The effort made in compiling the technical material and ultimately

producing this publication is greatly appreciated by the Ministry’s officials. In

this context special thanks go to Eng. Mohamed bin Shafiq Azam the General

Director of Material & Research Dept. and each of Eng. Alabbas Ahmed AL

Hazmi, and Eng. Salman Mohamed Al-Dahmash from General Directorate of

Material & Research. The Ministry also grateful to Advanced Engineering

Center represented by Dr. Ibrahim Al-Dubabe, and Eng. Mohamed mahmoud

Refaie for the efforts and effrctive contribution to the prepartion of this study.

In addithion, The Ministry thanks Shibh Al Jazera for limited contracting

Company especially Eng. Abdurrahman Mohamed Mokhtar for his efforts

and cooperation in practical part of this study and participation in reviewing

the Manual. The company has shown interest and dedication to success this

work, as usual the company and its employees in the initiative in all that

would achieve progress in the Highway industry in the Kingdom.




Table of Contents

Statement Page No.

Part 1: Introduction

1.1 Preface 12

1.2 High Performance Concrete Properties 12

1.3 High Performance Concrete Grades 12

Part 2: Specifications of HPC Components

2.1 Cement 14

2.2 Supplementary Cement Materials 14

2.3 Coarse Aggregates 16

2.4 Fine Aggregates 17

2.5 Admixtures 18

2.6 Water 19

Part 3: Mix Design

3.1 Mix Design Steps and Affecting Factors 20

3.2 Mix Design Examples 26

Part 4: Testing and Quality Control

4.1 High Performance Concrete Tests 29

4.2 Quality Control of High Performance Concrete 30

General Directorate for Materials and ResearchMinistry of Transportation ( MOT ) General Directorate for Materials and ResearchMinistry of Transportation ( MOT )



Use of High Performance Concrete in Mot Projects

Version : 1 / 2010 12


Part (1) : Introduction

1 - 1 Preface :

The high-performance concrete, which have compressive strength equal ( 65 MPa) considers as one of the standard concretes used in precast concrete, post-tension concrete, or pre-stressed concrete in the bridges. In addition, using of concrete with high grade (65 MPa) will save in quantities of concrete used by the 25 - 40% compared with a regular concrete grade (30 MPa). It also saves in the construction time. Consequently, the use of high-performance concrete is considered economically as a result of the provision in the materials used and reduces the construction period and transportation and installation expenses.

1 - 2 High Performance Concrete Properties :

The high-performance concrete is a concrete with developed properties to fit certain uses and certain climatic conditions, and it is characterized by the following:

Easy Casting.• Compacted without segregation of its components.• High compressive strength in the early ages.• High mechanicals properties at late ages.• Low permeability.• High durability.• Low volumetric changes.• High resistance for abrasion.• Long life with severe climatic conditions.•

1 - 3 High Performance Concrete Grades :

There are eight factors able to determine the high performance concrete grades as shown in Table (1):

Durability measured by freezing and thawing degrees.• Resistance to scaling.• Abrasion resistance.• Chloride penetration resistance.• Compressive strength.• Modulus of Elasticity. •

General Directorate for Materials and ResearchMinistry of Transportation ( MOT ) General Directorate for Materials and ResearchMinistry of Transportation ( MOT )General Directorate for Materials and ResearchMinistry of Transportation ( MOT ) General Directorate for Materials and ResearchMinistry of Transportation ( MOT )




Shrinkage.• Creeping.•

There are three factors to determine high performance concrete grades for Saudi Arabia climatic conditions :

Abrasion resistance.• Chloride penetration resistance.• Compressive strength.•

Table No.(1) Different grades for High performance concrete

Properties Standard Method of Test

High performance concrete grades according to FHWA

1 2 3 4

Resistance of Concrete to Rapid

Freezing and Thawing

AASHTO T 161ASTM C 666

proc .A60% - 80% ≥80%

Resistance to scaling after 50 cycles ASTM C672 4,5 2,3 0,1

Abrasion resistance (avg. abrasion thickness mm)

ASTM C944 1.0 - 2.0 0.5 - 1.0 0.5>

Chloride penetration resistance.

AASHTO T277ASTM C1202 2000 - 3000 800 - 2000 800

Compressive strength(MPa)

AASHTO T22ASTM C39 41 – 55 MPa 55 - 69 MPa 69 - 97 MPa ≥ 97 MPa

Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) ASTM C469 24 - 40 GPa 40 - 50 GPa 50 GPa

Shrinkage ASTM C157 600 - 800 400 - 600 400





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Part (2): Specifications of High Performance Concrete Components

2 - 1 Cement

First: Types of cement that can be used in High performance concrete:

There are many factories in Saudi Arabia and can be divided according to their presence in the market as following:

Western area: Al Arabia cement , Tabouk cement, Yanbu cement, and • Tohama Factory cement.Eastern area: Eastern area cement , Saudi cement company(Alhafouf • cement)Central area: Al yamama cement company, Al Riyadh cement • company.Northern area: Al Qasssim cement company.• Southern area: Southern area cement (Tohama cement Factory) •

Second: Specifications of cement used in High performance concrete:

The compressive strength of cement used in HPC should not be less • than 45 N/mm2 after 28 days.Cement to be used shall confirm to the Saudi standard specification • No.143/ 1979 for (Ordinary Portland Cement), and Saudi standard specification No. 570/ 1992 for (Sulfate Resistant Cement).

2 - 2 Supplementary Cement Materials

First: Types of Supplementary cement materials that can be used in High performance concrete:

Supplementary cement materials are an important materials used in high performance concrete because of their impact on the performance and durability of concrete as it is also used to obtain high compressive strength. These supplementary materials such as:

Silica Fume.1. Fly Ash.2. Blast Furnace Slag.3.





Second: Specifications of Supplementary cement materials used in High performance concrete:

A) Silica Fume:

It is a secondary product from Silicon factories and very fine material. •

Silica Fume shall confirm to the ASTM C1240 specification as shown • in Table No. (2).

Table No.(2) Silica Fume Specifications according to ASTM C1240

ASTM C1240 Specifications

Not less than 85%Silica dioxide content (SiO2) %

Not more than 6%(LOI)%

Not less than 15 (m2/gm)Specific Surface Area (m2/gm)

Not more than 3% Moisture Content (%)

Not more than 5% % Retained on Sieve (45 micron) by washing

Note:

Preferred to use silica fume in Eastern Area of Saudi Arabia to increase the resistance and prevent the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete structures and to increase their compressive strength.

B) Fly Ash:

It is a secondary product produced in power plant running by coal, • and its quality varies from one plant to another and even in the same plant.Fly Ash shall confirm to the ASTM C618.• Loss of Ignition (LOI) shall be less than 3%.• Calcium Oxide content (CaO) shall be very low as possible (Preferably • less than 5%).





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C) Slag:

It is a secondary product produced in high furnace factories.• Slag is added by 25% to 70% of cement weight.• Slag shall confirm to the ASTM C989.•

2 - 3 Coarse Aggregate

First: Geographical Map of Coarse Aggregate in Saudi Arabia:

There are several sources of Coarse Aggregate in Saudi Arabia like Natural Gravel, Crushed Limestone, Crushed Basalt, and different types of igneous rocks. They are distributed as follows;

Northern Area: Natural gravel, crushed limestone and crushed basalt.• Central Area: Crushed limestone• Southern Area: Natural gravel and crushed basalt.• Western Area: Natural gravel, crushed basalt, and crushed granite.• Eastern Area: Crushed limestone•

Second: Specifications of Coarse Aggregate:

Using small size of Coarse Aggregate gives high compressive strength, however, using largest size of Coarse Aggregate which can provide required strength is preferable, because of its great influence to increase Modules of Elasticity, and reduce shrinkage and creep of concrete.

Coarse Aggregate used in High performance concrete shall confirm to (MOT General Specification November 1998 – Part 5 – Item No. 52-2-2-01-) which has the following characteristics:

Maximum Nominal Size = 19 mm max.• Sodium Sulfate soundness, MRDTM 311, 5 cycles, Percent Loss shall • be maximum of 10%.LA Abrasion, MRDTM 309, Percent Loss shall be maximum 20% for • Crushed Basalt , and 30% for Crushed Limestone.Flat & Elongated Particles shall be maximum 10%.• Clay Lumps and Friable Particles, AASHTO T 12, and MRDTM 312 • shall be 1% max.Absorption shall be maximum 2% for crushed Basalt, and 2.5% for •





Crushed Limestone.Percentage of total chloride ion (MRDTM 319) shall be maximum • 0.04%.Specific Gravity shall be 2.5 min. • Coarse Aggregate should be inert and not reacting with alkali according • to the specification C-289 supported with the specification C-227 of ASTM.Coarse Aggregate shall confirm to requirement of Grade (c) or Grade • (D) according to (MRDTM 204).

2 - 4 Fine aggregate

First: Geographical distribution of Fine aggregate in Saudi Arabia:

There are several sources of Fine Aggregate in Saudi Arabia like natural coarse sand in Western area, Southern area, and some locations in Northern area. In case where there is Dune Sand, it shall be mixed with crushed fine aggregate as used in Eastern area, Northern area, and Central area.

Second: Specifications of Fine Aggregate:

Fine Aggregate to be use in High performance concrete, shall has fine modulus between (2.5) & (3.2). Usually, Natural Crushed Sand gives fine modulus equal 2.5 &3.2. Dune sand should be mixed with crushed sand from crusher to give fine modulus equal to the above mentioned limits. Specifications of fine aggregate can be summarized as following:

Fine Modulus shall be between 2.5 and 3.2.• Clay Lumps and Friable Particles, AASHTO T 12, and MRDTM 312 • shall be less than 1%.Total chloride ion content (MRDTM 319) shall be less than 0.05%.• Fine Aggregate should be inert and not reacting with alkali according • to the specification C-289 supported with the specification C-227 of ASTM.Fine Aggregate shall confirm to requirement of gradation shown in • Table No. (3).





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Table (3) Gradation limits for Fine Aggregate

NO.2000.075 mm

NO.1000.15 mm

(NO.500.30 mm

NO.161.18 mm

NO.44.75 mm

(3 / 8)9.5 mm

Sieve Size

0 - 32 - 1010 - 3045 - 8095 -100100% Pass

2 - 5 Admixtures

First: Definition:

Admixtures are known as other materials than aggregate, water, and cement added to concrete to improve its properties in different conditions as following:

Improving casting and finishing.• Improving workability.• Increasing compression strength.• Improving general appearance.• Improving pumping operation.•

Second: Types of Admixtures

The following admixtures can be used for high performance concrete works ;

1. Water reducing admixtures2. Plasticizers3. Super-plasticizers.4. Setting retardation admixtures.5. Air entraining admixtures.6. Setting acceleration admixtures.

Third: Admixtures Specifications

Admixtures shall confirm to type (F) and type (G) of ASTM • C494 specifications or type (F) and type (G) of AASHTO M194 specifications.





Admixtures used is preferably to be in the range between 1% & 2% of • cement weight or by a rate ranging from 1 liter to 2 liter per 100 Kg cement. The maximum dosage of admixtures shall be 3% of the weight of the cement or according to manufacturer`s technical bulletins.

2 - 6 Water

Water used in High performance concrete shall confirm to (Part – 5, • Item No. 53-2-01- MOT General Specifications – November 1998).Water shall not contain more than 500 PPM of chloride ions, and not • more than 1000 PPM of sulfates if it is checked by (MRDTM 514).In all cases the salts in water used in high performance concrete shall • not affect its compression strength.





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Part ( 3 ) : Mix Design

3 - 1 Mix Design Steps and Affecting Factors Selection of mix proportions for High performance concrete can be

summarized in the following steps.

Step No. (1): Selection of workability & Compressive strength:

High workability is one of the important properties of High Performance Concrete. In this case; it is prefer to measure the diameter of concrete flow by Slump Flow instead of Slump. Slump Flow shall not be less than 500 mm.

For design compressive strength, it can be calculated by using equation No.(1)

(Fcr): Design Compressive Strength of concrete(Fc): Characteristic Compressive strength of concrete(S) : Standard Division

If The data of the standard division is not available , Equation No. (2) can be used to determine Design Compressive Strength.

It is known that Compressive Strength of Concrete after 56 days and 90 days is higher than compressive strength after 28 days, this is noticeable in the concrete containing Fly Ash and Slag but it is not the same for the concrete containing Silica Fume. Compressive Strength required at later ages should be used in the test to obtain economic mixes because the selection of cement materials content depends on the required compressive strength at the age of test.

(1)Fcr = 0.9 Fc + 2.33 S

(2)Fcr = Fc + 10 MPa





Step No. (2): Selection Coarse Aggregate Size:

(ACI 318) provided that the Maximum Nominal Size for Coarse Aggregate shall be not more than (1 /5) smallest distance between the forms and shall not more than (1 /3) of Slab thickness or (3 /4) of distance between reinforcing bars. As mentioned previously, High Compressive Strength depends on Coarse Aggregate size. Generally, selection of coarse aggregate size can be according to the following:

Concrete with Compressive Strength less than 62 Mpa: Use NMS (19 • mm – 25 mm).Concrete with Compressive Strength more than 62 Mpa: Use NMS • (12.5 mm – 19 mm).

Step No. (3): Selection Coarse Aggregate Proportion:

Table No.(4) shows the recommended volume of Coarse Aggregate as a percent of Concrete volume for each MNS in case of using Fine aggregate with Fine Modulus equal 2.5 – 3.2

Table No .(4) Recommended Coarse Aggregate volume for different MNS

9.5mm12.5mm19mm25mmMNS (mm)

0.650.680.720.75Standard Volume of Coarse Aggregate as a portion of Concrete Volume

After determining the coarse aggregate volume, the weight of coarse aggregate can be calculated by using equation NO. (3)

(3)Weight of coarse aggregate = Standard volume of coarse aggregate from Table (4) X Dry Density





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Step No. (4): Calculation of Water Content and Air Content in Mix:

Water content used in mix depends on required degree of workability degree and the volume, shape, and gradation of coarse aggregate. Also, it depends on cement quantity and admixture type and content. Table No. (5) shows the estimated water content which must be confirmed by conducting a trial mixtures.

Table No. (5) Estimated Water Content and Air Contents at Air voids 35% in Fine aggregate

Coarse Aggregate size (mm)Slump flow (mm)

9.512.51925

18417516916625 - 50 mm

19018417517250 - 75 mm

19619018117875 - 100 mm

202196187184Flow Concrete

3%2.5%2%1.5%Aِir Entrainment

Note: Water Content determined from Table No. (5) by considering that air voids in fine aggregate = 35%

Air voids in Fine Aggregate can be calculated by using equation No.(4)

If Air Voids is not equal 35% , Water Content should be corrected by using equation No. (5)

(4)Air Voids in Fine Aggregates (%) = 1 – (Dry Density / Specific Gravity) X 100

(5)Corrected Water Content = Water Content from table (5) X (Air voids in fine aggregate calculated / 35)





Note: Water Content at table No.(5) for any mix can be reduced by 30% , If Super-plasticizers) type (G &F) are used. Step No. (5): Selection of Water/Cement Ratio (W/C):

Compressive Strength of Concrete depends on water cement ratio (W/C) or water cementitious materials ratio (W/C+P). In addition, workability of concrete depends also on the water cement ratio. Table No.(6) is used to select (W/C+P) for compressive strength after 28 days or 56 days as a function of coarse aggregate size.

Table No. (6) Recommended Maximum (W/C+ P)

Compressive Strength (Mpa)

(W/C+P)

Coarse Aggregate Size

25 mm 19 mm 12.5 mm 9.5 mm

48After 28 days 0.43 0.45 0.28 0.50

After 56 days 0.46 0.48 0.52 0.55

55After 28 days 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.44

After 56 days 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.48

62After 28 days 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.38

After 56 days 0.36 0.37 0.39 0.42

69After 28 days 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.33

After 56 days 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.37

76After 28 days 0.27 0.27 0.29 0.30

After 56 days 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.33

83After 28 days 0.25 0.25 0.26 0.27

After 56 days 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.30





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Step No. (6): Calculation of Cement Materials Content:

Required cement weight can be calculated according to equation No. (6)

Step No. (7): Calculation of Mix Ratio:

In case of using Cement only without any supplementary cementitious materials, weight of cement equal cement content determined from step No. (6). Then by using absolute volume method ,Sand or Fine Aggregate content in one cubic meter of mix can be calculated according to equation No. (7).

Step No. (8): Calculation of Mix Ratio in case of using Supplementary Cement Materials:

In case of using Fly Ash, it will be used by proportion between (15%-• 35%) of cement weight according to Fly Ash type.In Case of Using Silica Fume , It will be used by pro portion between • (5% - 15%) of cement weight, but prevailing rate is 10% of cement weight.In case of using Blast Furnace Slag, It will be use by proportion between • (30% - 70%) of cement weight.After determining the rate of Supplementary Cement Materials , Weight • of these materials can be calculated by multiplying the used rate by require cement materials weight calculated from equation No.(6)Volume of any Supplementary material (Vp)= (P/ γp)• Weight of Fine aggregate can be calculated from equation No.(7) after • adding (P/ γp).

(6)Cement Content = Water Content from step No. (4) / (W/C+P) from step No.(5)

(7)C/γc + W/γw + G/γg + S/γs + %air content x 1000 = 1000 L





Step No. (9): Trial mixes:

After determining quantities of different materials used in concrete mix from step (1) up to step (8), and running different trial mixes to measure workability and strength of concrete mix, fine aggregates , coarse aggregate , water content will be modified. Trial mixes are considered successfully, if a homogenous mix is obtained and can be used to cast the equivalent number of samples used to measure the strength.

Step No. (10): Modifying and adjustment mix proportions:

If the required properties of concrete are not achieved, it is necessary to adjust mix proportions as following steps to get the required workability.

If the flow of concrete is not achieved during trial mix, water content • and cement content shall be increased with keeping a constant W/C ratio. Then other component contents shall be modified. Also, dosage of admixtures shall be modified to obtain the required workability.The coarse aggregate content shall be decreased if a coarse mix is • obtained and consequently fine aggregate content shall be increased.

Step No. (11): Choosing the optimal mix proportions:

After trial mixes and adjustment of mix proportions are finished and achieved required workability and required strength, cylinder samples for measuring compressive strength will be prepared in the field conditions to check the suitability of the mix proportions to the site condition.





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3 - 2 Mix Design Examples

(A): Example without using Supplementary Cement Materials:

It is required to design High Performance Concrete mix to use in a bridge in central area with compressive strength= 60 MPa after 28 day , and by using available materials in this area :

Ordinary Portland cement from Saudi Cement Company (Al- Hafof • Factory).Fine Aggregate consists of dune sand and crushed sand mixed with • proportions = 33% &76% respectively. Fine aggregate has a fine modulus = 2.7 , specific gravity = 2.57 , and absorption = 1.67%Coarse Aggregate is crushed limestone with MNS=12.5 mm. It has • specific gravity =2.55, absorption = 1.93% , and dry density = 1549 Kg/m3

Step No. (1): Selection of Slump Flow & Compressive strength:

Choosing Slump Flow to gives flow concrete by using 2% Super-plasticizer of cement weight.No Available data about standard division, then; Fcr = 60 +10 = 70 MPa

Step No. (2): Selection Coarse Aggregate Size:

For High Performance Concrete with Compressive Strength = 70 Mpa, NMS for Coarse aggregate = 12.5 mm

Step No. (3): Selection Coarse Aggregate Proportion:

From Table No.(4) , the recommended volume of Coarse Aggregate as a percent of concrete volume for MNS = 12.5 mm equal 0.68 m3.

Weight of Coarse Aggregate = 0.68 X 1549 = 1053 Kg





Step No. (4): Calculation of Water Content and Air Content:

From table No.(5) Estimated Water Content at Slump (50mm) & MNS of coarse aggregate (12.5mm) is equal 196 Liter and air entrainment = 2.5 %

Step No. (5): Selection of (W/C):

From Table No.( 6) (W/C+P) at Compressive Strength = 70 MPa after 28 days is equal 0.32

Step No. (6): Calculation of Cement Materials Content:

using 2% Super-plasticizer of cement weight reduced water content by 20% Water Content = 196 X 80% = 157 Liter.(W/C+P) Weight = 157 / 0.32 = 490 Kg/m3

Step No. (7): Calculation of Mix Ratio:

By using absolute volume method, Fine aggregate Weight can be determined

C/γc + W/γw + G/γg + S/γs + % air content x 1000 = 1000 L 490 /3.15 + 157 /1 + 1053/ 2.55 + S/2.57+ 0.025 x 1000 = 1000155.6 + 157 + 413 + 0.389 S + 25 = 10000.389 S = 1000 – 750 = 250S = 250 /0.389 = 643 kg

From the above procedures, Mix proportions can be given in the following Table.

Table No.(7) Mix component in kg for 1m3 High Performance Concrete

AdmixtureWaterCoarse Agg.(kg)

Fine Agg.(kg)SlagSilica

FumeFly AshCement

9.81571053643…..………..490





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After running trial mixes, If mix is coarse , sand weight can be increased, the weight of coarse aggregate shall be adjusted.

(B): Example with using Silica Fume:

If silica fume is used in mix and its content is 10% of cement weight.

Silica Fume Weight = 49 Kg / m3Cement weight = 490 – 49 = 441 Kg/m3Water Content = 157 Kg/m3Coarse Aggregate Weight = 1053 Kg/m3Fine Aggregate Weight (S) can be determined as follows;

441/ 3.15 + 49/ 2.5 + 157/ 1 + 1053/ 2.55 + S/2.57+ 0.025 x 1000 = 1000140 + 19.6 + 157 + 413 + 0.389 S + 25 = 1000S = 245.4/ 0.389 = 630 kg

Note : In case of using Silica Fume , Admixture rate will increase to 2.5% of cement materials.

Table No.(8) Mix component (kg) for 1m3 High performance Cnocrete

AdmixtureWaterCoarse Agg.(kg)

Fine Agg.(kg)SlagSilica

FumeFly AshCement

12.31571053630…..49…..441





Part (4): Testing and Quality Control

4 - 1 High Performance Concrete Tests

4 - 1 - 1 Fresh Concrete Tests:

To measure High Performance Concrete workability, the following tests are to be used:

1. Slump test2. Slump Flow test

Workability of fresh concrete shall be measured by slump flow, and its value shall not be less than 500mm.

4 - 1 - 1 Hardened Concrete Tests:

Table No.(9) shows a summary for required tests to determine concrete performance which is required according to Saudi Arabia conditions.

Table No.(9) Required tests to determine High Performance Concrete Grade

RemarksStandard Method of TestProperties

Measuring abrasion depth according to test

method(B) of ASTM 799ASTM C944

Abrasion resistance (avg. abrasion thickness

mm)

Check according to standard method of test

AASHTO T277ASTM C1202

Chloride penetration resistance (Columbus).

Running the test at 7 days and 28 days

AASHTO T22ASTM C39

Compressive strength (MPa)





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4 - 1 - 2 Quality Control of High Performance Concrete:

The Contractor shall check the quality of high performance concrete work by carrying out all tests including in item 4 - 2 - 1, and 4 - 2 - 2 with the frequencies shown in Table No. (10). The test results shall be compared with limits given in Table No. (11) for each grade of concrete.

Table No. (10) Test rate for quality control of High Performance Concrete

Standard Method of TestProperties

Once per chargeSlump Flow test

At the beginning of project , and once per month

Abrasion resistance (avg. abrasion thickness mm)

At the beginning of project , and once per monthChloride penetration resistance.

Once set per each 100 m3Compressive strength

Table No.(11) Different grades for High performance concrete

High performance concrete grades according to FHWAStandard

Method of Test

Properties

4321

≥ 0.5 mm

0.5 - 1.0mm

1.0 - 2.0mmASTM C944

Abrasion resistance

(avg. abrasion thickness in

mm)

≥ 800800 - 20002000 - 3000AASHTO

T277ASTM C1202

Chloride penetration resistance

(Columbus).

≥ 97 MPa

69 - 97 MPa

55 - 69 MPa

41 - 55 MPa

AASHTO T22ASTM C39

Compressive strength after 28 or 56 days

(MPa)

Documents

Guide4appusehighperfconcrete En