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Aims to Study Career
Information at Different
LevelsBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Aims to Study Career Information at Pre
school and Elementary Level
To providing career counselling to stable
self perceptions.
To teach children about career choice.
To raise levels of career awareness.
To develop self-awareness, career
awareness and exploration and decision
making.
Aims to Study Career Information at
Secondary and Senior Secondary Level
To Stimulate career development, providing treatment
and aiding placement.
To crystallize ideas regarding careers
To provide Apprenticeship to high school Youths
To develop work values
To learn adaptive skills
To acquire the kind of work
To help school leavers before completing school education
Aims to Study Career Information at
College Level
To help self assessment and self analysis.
To help the students to understand the
world of work.
To facilitate access to employment
opportunities.
To anticipate problems related to work.
Career Information and
TrainingBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Information about education and
training opportunities
Recommendation about teacher education
Four year training courses
Two year B.Ed. Course
Two year training for elementary teacher
(B.T.C.)
On the job training
Criteria for selection of trainees
A good degree of general mental ability.
A positive outlook on life.
Capacity of good human relations
Communication skill
Linguistic ability
Good physique
General awareness
At Pre-primary Level
For teacher Nursery Teacher Training is
required.
Minimum qualification required for this
training is 10+2 (any stream), with
minimum 50% score, from a recognized
board.
Child enter age in nursery class is 3-6 years.
At Primary Level
Training opportunities are B.T.C. and
B. El. Ed.
B.El.Ed. is a four year integrated
course pursued after Class XII and
leads to a graduation degree.
At Secondary Level
Two years B.Ed. Course
Four Years BA.B.Ed. Integrated course
Four years BSc.B.Ed. Integrated course
Four years B.Com.B.Ed. Integrated course
Also qualify UPTET for state level teaching jobs and
CTET for central teaching Jobs
Two Years B.Ed. Course
In order to be eligible to take up a career as a
Senior Secondary School teacher you need to
qualify as a Bachelor of Education with your
subject of choice taken up as the specialization.
This is usually a 2 year course which includes
compulsory teaching practice and can be taken up
after earning a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree in
the subject.
Four Year Integrated Course
Candidates can join the 4-year integrated course after
Class 12.
Candidates can undertake either BA-BEd, Bsc-BEd and
BCom-BEd. One can choose this integrated four-year
B.Ed course which will save one year instead of five
years (3 years bachelor degree + 2 years B.Ed.
At Senior Secondary Level
Take a Master’s degree (MA/MSc/MCom)
After graduation in the subject you have chosen you
can take a master’s degree in the subject. This is of
2 year duration.
Candidates qualified in UGC NET may be given
preference for a PGT(Post Graduate Teacher ) post
provided you also fulfil other requirements for a
senior secondary teacher.
At Higher Education Level
Master‘s degree with 55% marks from an Indian University,
or an equivalent degree from an accredited foreign
university.
National Eligibility Test (NET) conducted by the UGC, CSIR
or similar test accredited by the UGC like SLET/SET.
or who are or have been awarded a Ph. D. Degree in
accordance with the University Grants Commission
(Minimum Standards and Procedure for Award of
M.Phil./Ph.D. Degree) Regulations, 2009 or 2016 and their
amendments from time to time as the case may be.
Career Information and
SchoolBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Meaning of Case Study
Case history means a regular, complete
and detailed history of a person.
Definition of Case Study
According to Crow and Crow-
A case history includes the past history of an
individual as well as his present status. It is
usually limited in its application to attempt
solutions of serious learner’s deficiencies.
Objectives of Case Study
To study about the facts related to the
educational and psychological problems.
To provide remedial instructions or directions to
the weak students i.e. remedial objectives.
To collect other information.
Curative objectives i.e. related to some disease.
Features of Case study
It is an expended cumulative record.
It is a collection of all available information.
It is used to solve serious problems.
It is conducted to bring about a better
adjustment.
It is a method of summarizing data about an
individual.
Types Of Case Study
Formal Case study- All the informations related
to person are gathered and kept in written form.
Informal Case study- General informations are
collected and with the help of these informal
informations, adjustment problems of a person
are solved.
Some other Types
Case studies of individuals
Case studies of institutions
Case study of communities or cultural groups.
Casual comparative study (cause and effect relationship).
Activity analysis
Content analysis
Follow-up program
Trends of studies
Content of case study
Objective
General informations – profile of a person
Family history
Personality information
Educational history
School history
Vocational history
Social history
Health and physical history
Recreational interests
Scope of case study
Those persons whose behavior appear to be
model.
Those who are struggling for success.
Those who register very high achievements in one
or more areas.
Those who face and overcome great obstacles.
Those who present behavior problems in class.
Those who do not work quality vise.
Application of Case Study
For juvenile delinquents
For meditation
In psychology
In education
In guidance and counseling
In social activities
In business management
Limitations of case study
Lack objectivity
Data/information lack sequence
Statistical treatment not possible
Wastage of time and money
Parents fail to report weaknesses of the individual
Fail to contribute in any area of knowledge
Sources of case data
Life history
Related persons
Personal documents
Official records
Subject himself
Steps of case study
Identification of focal point or status of the
situation
Collection of data
Diagnosis and identification of casual
factors
Adjustment and remedy
Career & Career
InformationsBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Career
A career is an individual's metaphorical
"journey" through learning, work and
other aspects of life. There are a
number of ways to define career and the
term is used in a variety of ways.
Career Informations A “Career” involves various occupations and
informations regarding all these occupations
comprise career informations.
Hence “Career Information” can be defined as the
information related to the world of work that can
be useful in the progress of career development,
including educational, occupational &
psychosocial information related to working.
Golden Rules of Career Building Avoid aimlessness
Setting a goal
Right attitude
Develop communication skill
Develop leadership quality
Take fast & firm decision
Be active
Keep yourself fit
Self esteem
Control your anger
Learn to say no
The winning Edge
Your own responsibility
Component of Career Information
Care
er Qualification
Work Involved
Area of Employment
Components of career informations
Changes occurring in it.
Types of skills required by an industry / employment.
What is first job involve in it?
Variety of task for career choice/for later career development.
Mechanics and speed of promotions.
Place of career work.
With whom likely to work?
Earnings/ Benefits with other aspects.
Working hours.
Education & training requirements.
Special stamina for career.
Fears of non setting into career.
Area of career information
Information for Educational & Training Facilities.
Information for Job Training & Apprenticeship.
Information for Job Openings.
Information for Scholarship and Fellowship.
Information for Employment Opportunities and trends.
Career Planning Process
Self Assessment
Career Exploration
Career Identification
Action Plan
Sources of Career Informations
Career Literature
News Paper and Magazine Articles
Career Books
Directories and Careers
All India directory of foreign language institutes and courses
All India directory of library and information science
Directory of management institutes, courses and jobs
Career opportunities in travel and tourism industry
All India directory of biotechnology
Information about study opportunities abroad
Directory of scholarships
Career Talks
Career Conferences
Sources of Career Informations
State level guidance centre, employment exchange and labour welfare office.
Research Institute, 94, Barred Road, New Delhi.
University employment exchange.
National Book Trust, Maya Road, Fort, Mumbai.
Central Educational and Vocational Bureau, 33, Chatra Marg, Delhi 61.
Director General of Employment and Training, 18, Gurudwara Road, New Delhi
Methods of collecting Career
Informations
Information about Individual
Standardized techniques
Non Standardized techniques
Career Informations
Orientation Talks
Career Talks
Career Conferences
Visits
Educational Talks
Simulated Interview
Career Corner
Vocational Counselling
Information about Individual
Standardized techniques
Intelligence test
Interest test
Aptitude test
Achievement test
Personality test
Intelligence Test Power and Speed Test
Verbal and Non Verbal Test
Porlen’s Maze Test
Cube Construction Test
Alexander's Pas Along Test
Peel’s Blocks Test
Individual and Group Test
Binet Simon Test, Army Alpha Test, Army Beta Test
Army General Classification Test
Terman Group Test for Mental Maturity
Dr Sohan Lal Group Intelligence Test
Prayag Mehta’s General Intelligence Test
Interest Test
Kudder’s Preference Record - It has many patterns such as
industrial preference record, vocational preference record, personal
preference record etc. It has 168 items. Each item mentions three activities.
Pupil are to chose these activities according to their preferences.
Strang’s Vocational Interest Blank – E.K.Strang has developed
vocational interest blank. This blank contains 420 test items. These items are
concerned with various interests. This blank has the following 5 forms –
For those men who have completed their studies.
For those women who have completed their studies.
For those men who are still studying
For those women who are still studying
For those men who are studying or non studying.
Interest Test
Cleeton’s Vocational Interest Inventory -
This inventory was published by Mac Night ND Mac Night
Company in 1943. This is found proper for school and
college students and adults. It has separate forms for
males and females. The form for male has 630 test items
along with 40 questions which are to be answered in yeas
or no. The forms for females are of the same pattern and
all divided into 9 categories. Higher scores obtained in
one category means more interest in that vocation.
Hapner’s Vocational Interest Quotient
Hapner prepared a check list of four main
areas. These four areas include 24 business
occupations, 24 Skilled trade, 24 vocations
for female and 24 other professions. A
person can appear in the examinations in
more than one area. All these four lists
have 167 items.
Aptitude Test
Clerical Aptitude Test
Minnesota Vocational Test for Clerical Workers
Mechanical Aptitude Test
Musical Aptitude Test
Teaching Aptitude Test
Scientific Aptitude Test
Venkatraman’s Aptitude Test
Standardized Personality Test
Rorschach's Ink Blot Test
Thematic Apperception Test
Child Apperception Test
Sentence Completion Test
Word Association Test
Non Standardized techniques
Questionnaire
Anecdotal record
Autobiography
Rating Scales
Observations
Cumulative record
Interview
How to File the Information
In alphabetical order
According to school subjects
According to national classification of
occupations
Evaluation of Career Information
Types of Information
Important information in vocational
guidance
Objectives of information services
Sources of vocational or career information
Functioning of information services
Evaluation of information services
CounsellingBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Meaning of Counselling
Counselling is a specialized service of guidance. It is
the process of helping individuals learn more about
themselves & their present & possible future
situations to make a substantial contribution to the
society.
Need of Counselling
When a individual requires not only reliable informations but also an interesting interpretation of those informations which can solve his personal difficulties.
When a individual needs intelligent listener who has more experience than the individual, to whom he can recite his difficulties and through which he can seek suggestions for his working plan.
When the counsellor has an assess to those facilities which can help in resolving the individual’s problems but the pupil does not enjoy such an assess to these facilities.
When the individual has some problems but he is unaware of that problem and his development.
When the individual is aware of the problem & difficulties created by the problem but he feels difficult to define it, to understand it and to solve it.
When the individual suffers the main mal-adjustment problem.
Functions of Counselling
Adjustment Functions
Orientation Functions
Developmental Functions
Fields of Counselling
Educational Counselling
Vocational Counselling
Personality or Psychological Counselling
Psychotherapeutic Counselling
Clinical Counselling
Marriage Counselling
Placement Counselling
Principles of Counselling
Principle of acceptance
Principle of respect for the individual
Principle of permissiveness
Principle of thinking with the individual
Principle of consistency with ideals of democracy
Principle of learning
Process of Counselling
Analysis : Collection of facts
Synthesis : Organization of informations
Diagnosis : Sorting the problem
Prognosis : The statement regarding the use of diagnosis is known as prognosis.
Counselling
Follow up
Role of Counsellor
To help the students in changing their behavior.
To help the students in modifying their behavior.
To assemble and examine information.
To Give Suggestions.
To provide information to counsellees.
To interpret the information about the counsellee.
To provide information regarding concept of human development.
To provide information about decision-making process.
Counselor as an advisor.
Conversions of counsellor with others
Characteristics of a Counsellor
Personality Traits
Breadth of Interests
Feelings of cooperation
Humble
Farsightedness
Magnetic Personality
Characteristics of a Counsellor
Training And Preparation
Have the good knowledge of school objectives, curriculum and methods.
Have the knowledge of various occupations.
Well equipped with the principles of guidance.
Have received good education.
Have the full knowledge of organizing guidance services.
Have the knowledge of psychological tests.
Have the knowledge of methods for providing occupational information.
Experiences
Educational Qualification of a Counsellor
M.A. (Psychology or Education), M.Ed.(With
Guidance)
Diploma in Educational Guidance
The counselor should posses the knowledge
of techniques for solving personality
problems, testing, studying mental health
and providing counselling.
Types of Counselling
Directive Counselling
Non Directive Counselling
Eclectic Counselling
Directive CounsellingBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Directive Counselling
Counselling during which a counsellor plays an
active role in a client's or patient's decision making
by offering advice, guidance, and/or
recommendations.
Directive Counselling
E.G WILLIAMSON is the chief exponent in this viewpoint.
Counsellor –centered: the counsellor direct the client to take
steps in order to resolve his conflicts.
It is based on assumption that the client cannot solve his own
problems for lack of information.
The counsellor plays an important role; he tries to direct the
thinking of counselee by informing , explaining, interpreting and
advising.
It gives more importance to intellectual aspect than emotional
aspects.
Steps of Directive Counselling
Analysis
Synthesis
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Counselling
Follow up
Merits
It is less time consuming; hence this method can be
adopted when an early solution is required.
This method is best; less matured and less intelligent
client interact with an experienced counsellor.
This is best method at lower levels where the client is
not in a position to analyze his own problem.
In this method, the counsellor becomes readily
available to help the client which makes the client
very happy.
Demerits
In directive counselling, the client never becomes independent
of the counsellor. So it is not an effective or best guidance.
The personal autonomy and integrity of the client is not
respected, it leads to new adjustment problems.
It will not help the individual to develop any attitudes through
his own experiences.
The counsellor fails in saving the client to commit the mistakes
in future.
Eclectic CounsellingBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Eclectic Counselling
The chief advocate of this type of counselling is
‘Thorne’.
Eclectic counselling is a type of counselling which
is neither counsellor-centred nor client centred;
but a combination of both.
Here the counsellor is neither too active as in
directive counselling nor too passive as in non-
directive counselling, but follows a middle
course.
Steps of Eclectic Counselling
Study of the needs and personality characteristics of the
client
Selection of techniques
Application of techniques
Evaluation of effectiveness
Preparation for
Counselling
Seeking the opinion of the client and other related people
Characteristics of Eclectic Counselling
Methods of counselling may change from client to client or
even with the same client from time to time.
It is highly flexible.
Freedom of choice and expression is open to both the
counsellor and the counselee.
Experience of mutual confidence and faith in the
relationship are basic.
The client and the philosophical framework are adjusted
to save the purpose of the relationship.
Online Counselling / E-counselling
Online counselling is the provision of
professional mental health counselling services
through the Internet. Services are typically offered
via email, real-time chat, and video conferencing.
Some clients use online counselling in conjunction
with traditional psychotherapy, or nutritional
counselling, and a growing number of clients are
using online counselling as a replacement for office
visits.
Educational Guidance By – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Educational Guidance
Educational guidance is a process of assisting the
individual student to reach optimum educational
development.
Need of Educational Guidance
To check wastage and stagnation.
For appropriate selection of subjects.
For adjustment in school.
For information regarding future education.
For providing the knowledge of various opportunities.
For keeping busy in learning process.
For a change in school administration and teaching
methods.
Due to increasing percentage of delinquents.
Functions of Educational Guidance
To help the students secure information concerning the possibility &
desirability of future schooling.
To help the student to find the purpose & function of the different types of
school.
To help the student secure information regarding the offerings of the school.
To help him to know the requirements for entrance into the school of his
choice.
To help him to adjust himself to the curriculum the school and the school life
connected with it.
To guide him in securing information on competitive examinations.
To guide him in selection of vocations.
To help him find out his tastes, aptitudes & interests.
Techniques of Educational Guidance
Techniques of Individual Guidance
Techniques of Group Guidance
Techniques of Individual Guidance
Initial Interview
Cumulative Record of the students
Psychological Testing
Collecting Information regarding schools or
colleges
Cumulative Record of the students
Intelligence Quotient
Interest
Aptitude
Information related to health and physical development
Special mental abilities
Educational Achievements
Family background and economic conditions
About the parents of the pupils, friends and information about neighbourers
Regarding the various aspects of pupil‘s personality
Techniques of Group Guidance
Orientation Talks
Psychological Tests
Collecting Information from school regarding pupils
Collecting information's from families
Interview with the pupils
Construction of profile
Conference
Report Writing
Follow up Activities
Guidance By – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Meaning
The guidance is that process which makes
an individual aware of those methods for
knowing his natural powers.
Concept of Guidance
Guidance is not a help/co-operation/direction/training/
teaching/ learning/counselling/assistance/ not decision
making, but to prepare a person to take decision himself.
Guidance
Counselor
ProblemGuidance Seeker
Need of Guidance
Child
Grow
Parents
Pear Group
Society
Guidance Guidance Education
Adjustment
Language
Curriculum
Learning
Choice of VocationCareer
Opt
Adjustment
Training
WorkshopG
uid
anceGuidanceGuidance
Nature Of Guidance As a process.
A continuous process.
Development of capacities.
Individual assistance.
Task of trained person.
Helpful in adjustment.
No imposition of one’s view point.
Helpful in preparing for future.
Client centered.
Guidance as a sub-process of education.
Principles of Guidance
Principle of Individual Difference.
Principle of developing self guidance.
Principle of need of assistance in solving the problem in
the individuals.
Principle of importance of school in providing guidance.
Guidance by a trained person.
Related to every aspect of life.
Type of Guidance Educational Guidance : Educational guidance is a
process of assisting the individual student to reach
optimum educational development.
Vocational Guidance : The vocational guidance is an
assistance to a person regarding choice of vocation,
preparation & progress in an occupation.
Personal Guidance : Personal guidance is an assistance
to a person‘s problem regarding health, emotional
adjustment, social adjustment & recreational problems
Self Employment
PromotionBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Needs for promoting self employment
Self Employment is more productive.
Generate more employment.
Opportunities are more.
Escape from Inadequate wages/salaried jobs.
One can implement his ideas.
Master of his own.
Characteristics of Self Employment
Risk of success and failure has to be born by entrepreneur himself in self
employment.
Market uncertainties are there are sometimes there is a demand of product in
the market.
Resources are to be arranged by the entrepreneur.
Competition is tough.
Required certain personality traits.
Choice of avenues is available. One can take up the work of his own choice.
Higher incomes can be had than the wage employment.
Best use of one’s ski i.
Own master.
Scope for speedy development.
Traits Required
Self Confidence
Ability to force and plan
Ability to risk taking and decision making
Managerial abilities
Creativity and innovation
Ability to seize opportunities
Marketing Skill
Determination
Salesmanship
Ability to cope with failures of difficulties
Proper education, training and experience in the field one is choosing.
Barriers to Self employment promotion
Social & psychological attitudes, basic towards salaried
employment, everybody wants Govt. job.
Educational/training systems leading to no or non-
marketable skills.
Lack of awareness about advantages and facilities
available.
Lack of resources.
How to Overcome Barriers
Imparting relevant skills.
Generation of awareness.
Motivating to take up self-employment.
Providing support services.
Assessing aptitudes & personality and guide for developing
proper attitudes & personality characteristics.
Guidance worker can play a major role in overcoming the
barriers.
How to promote self employment
Identify job seekers with potential.
Motivate them to take up self employment.
Development of entrepreneurship where needed.
Provide information on possible avenues.
Inform about the providers of various services.
Arrange Skills training.
Introduce them to service providers.
Provide follow up advisory services.
After promotion & Motivation
Once an individual is sufficiently motivated towards self
employment, the guidance worker should provide him information
on :-
Possible lines of self employment.
Rules and regulations such as registration, license etc.
Special scheme of assistance, such as the employment promotion
fund.
Agencies providing various forms of assistance and services like
finance, raw materials, training, technical advice, marketing etc.
Procedures for availing of assistance and requirements to be met.
Referral Services
After the individual makes a choice of the line of self employment
to pursue, the guidance activity would compromise the following
steps :-
Assisting in preparing the necessary documentation such as the
project proposal.
Arranging entrepreneurial or skill training where necessary.
Introducing to the various service providers like banks, raw
materials, providers, technical experts in the line chosen etc.
Following up with the service providers in getting the assistance
required.
Non-Directive
CounsellingBy – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Non Directive Counselling
CARL R. ROGER is the chief exponent in this viewpoint.
This school of thought is just reverse to that of directive
counseling.
It is a client-centered process.
In this, the counselee is the pivot of the whole counselling
process.
The main function of the counsellor is to create an
atmosphere in which the client can work out his problem.
Steps of Non Directive Counselling
Defining the Problematic Situation : First of all the counsellor should define theproblematic situation.
Free Expression of Feelings : After the first step, the client is made aware of thefact that he can express his feelings freely and the counselor approves this.
Development of Insight : The counsellor goes on thinking regarding the client'snew feelings along with the development of client's insight and he goes onclassifying all those new feelings.
Classification of Positive and Negative Feelings : After the free expression offeelings by the client, the counsellor identifies his negative and positive feelingsand he classifies them.
Termination of Counselling Situation : The counsellor looks for a point where hecan terminate the counselling situation after all the above steps. According to thisschool of thought, either the client or the counsellor can suggest for suchtermination of counselling situation.
Merits
It helps the counselee to become independent and self-
reliant and to attain the ability for self-direction.
It helps the client to attain emotional integrity; and helps
to reach his full growth.
It helps to attain more sustainable adjustment to his
situation.
This type of counselling leaves it’s impressions for a
longer period.
Demerits
It is usually more time-consuming.
It is not suitable for a less matured and less intelligent
counselee.
The counsellor’s passive attitude might irritate the
counselee so much that he might hesitate to express his
feelings.
It is not possible in schools because the counsellor has to
attend many pupils.
Vocational Guidance By – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Vocational Guidance
The vocational guidance is an assistance to a person
regarding choice of vocation, preparation &
progress in an occupation.
Need of Vocational Guidance
The Need of Vocational Guidance from the Financial Point of View of an Individual
Meeting the Needs of Individual Differences
Need of Vocational Guidance from the Health Point of View
Need of Vocational Guidance from the Point of View of the Complex Nature of the Society
In Selecting an Occupation, Young Individuals are Very Often Attracted by the Lucrativeness(the quality of affording benefit) of the Occupation without Considering Whether they areActually Fit or unfit for the Occupation
Vocational Guidance is most Needed at the Secondary Stage of Education and at the HigherSecondary Stage of Education
Improper Placement
Vocational Guidance is Needed for the Purpose of Ensuring Proper Utilization of HumanResources
Need of Vocational Guidance from the Point of View of Personal and Social Values
Functions of Vocational Guidance
Helping pupils to know themselves.
Helping pupils to know the world of work.
Helping pupils to make a right choice.
Helping pupils to prepare themselves for entry into the career of
their choice.
Helping pupils to get suitable jobs for themselves in their chosen
field.
Helping pupils to think seriously whether to go to college or not.
Process of Vocational Guidance
Self Awareness : This is the process of gathering
information about the interests, abilities and values.
Exploration of the world of work : This involves
gathering information about the different careers that
might fit your interests, values and abilities.
Mature Decision making : This is the process of
exploring the different alternatives, narrowing down
the possibilities and then selecting the right
alternative to ensure a mature career decision.
Services of Vocational Guidance
Information Service
Self inventory Service
Individual Data Collection Service
Preparatory service
Follow up Service
Placement service
Counseling Service
Research Service
Personal Guidance By – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Personal Guidance
Personal guidance is an assistance to a person‘s
problem regarding health, emotional adjustment,
social adjustment & recreational problems.
Need of Personal Guidance
It is needed to develop all personal and social qualities
that would enable the individuals in solving personal
problems and seeking better adjustments.
It is meant to overcome the personal problems of
personality adjustment of every individual.
It gives importance on the personal and social needs of
the pupils or individuals.
It is linked with our day-to-day life.
It is an answer to our big question what and what not we
should be.
Need of Personal Guidance
It is meant for deciding what habits, attitudes and values
we should develop.
It deals with all problems of life which are not covered by
educational and vocational guidance.
This guidance is the core of all types of guidance.
It concerns with the total person.
This guidance points out the strengths and weaknesses of
every individual or child
Functions of Personal Guidance
Helping the individual in understanding himself.
Helping the individual in solving the problems related to his health.
Helping the individual in developing suitable habits, attitudes, interests
etc.
Helping individuals to aware about the personal problems of life.
Helping the individual in developing positive attitude and real self
concept.
Helping individuals to aware about the democratic qualities and values.
Helping the individual in developing the qualities of loyalty, co-
operation, love, sympathy, tolerance etc.
Helping the individual to become a man of sound moral character in
future life.
Functions of Personal Guidance
Helping the individuals in his physical, social, moral, spiritual and
emotional development.
Helping the individuals in taking independent decisions and judgments.
Helping the individual to plan his leisure (Free time) time activities
properly.
Helping the individual to view the world and the social environment from
the right track.
Helping the individual in becoming a responsible member of his
community.
Helping the individual in developing the qualities of leadership.
Helping the individual in making sound adjustments to different problems
faced in life.
Personal guidance helps every individual immensely about how to develop
an integrated personality.
Stages of Personal Guidance
Primary Stage
Personal guidance at this stage aims at
helping the children to get along with others
and to develop certain social qualities. At
this stage opportunities or facilities are given
to pupils for their self expression. Personal
guidance at this stage deals with the
problems related to health, feeling of
insecurity, social acceptance, discipline and
leisure time pursuits.
Secondary Stage
Personal guidance is organized, at this stage for the students because in the mid-point
of this level of education the pupils reach at the stage of adolescence or adolescence
period. As at the secondary school level the students are at the adolescence stage and
they have more internal personal problems. There is more necessity of such type of
guidance at this stage. During adolescence period due to peculiar, physical,
intellectual, emotional and social developments children undergo marked changes in
their attitude and behavior.
They have a number of needs, the fulfillment of which poses problems. They have
many doubts and confusions. Adjustment becomes a problem to them. This is a period
of high order of emotionality. At this period the children are more self-conscious. They
need recognition and approval. Personal guidance at this stage is concerned mostly
with problems of personal and social adjustment.
If the adolescents are not properly guided they will become maladjusted. Adolescence
is the most important period of one’s life and at this stage the child is to be properly
and cautiously guided. Besides the children should be trained to know their
potentialities and limitations and to seek compromise between ideas and reality.
University Stage
Personal guidance at this stage is just a
continuation of the personal guidance offered at
the secondary school stage; but its scope is wider.
It should develop in students a sense of social
service, social responsibility, patriotism, mutual
respect and tolerance. It should help the students
to accept the vision of life in relation to its
practicability.
How to Render Personal Guidance
Collection of all the Information
or Data
Data Diagnosis of the Causes
of the problem
Thinking about the Remedial
Measures
Rendering Personal Guidance
Follow-up Service
Occupation By – Rakhi Agarwal
Assistant Professor
S.S.V.College, Hapur
Occupation
An “occupation” is a group of similar jobs.
One's role in society, often a regular activity
performed for payment.
Occupational Information
Occupational information is the accurate and
usable information about jobs and
occupations.
Various aspects of an Occupation
Importance
Nature of Job or Work
Working conditions
Desirable abilities
Qualification and Physical Requirements
Entry into Occupation
Opportunities & Promotion
Salary & other Perks
History of the Occupation
Material for Working
Place of Posting
Advantages or disadvantages of job
Classification of Occupation
On the basis of Education, training & status
On the basis of nature of work
On the basis of interests & aptitudes
On the basis of Education, training & status
Executive, Managerial & Professional
E.g. advocates, judges, editors, auditors, professors, doctor, engineer, accountant,
manager etc.
Business & sub-professional occupation
Businessmen, salesman, agent, actors, photographers, designers.
Skilled Occupation
Electrician, painters, machine-man, mechanic, clerks, supervisors, stenographers,
cashiers etc.
Semi-skilled Occupation
Bus-conductors, driver, guard etc.
Un-skilled Occupation
Laborer, peon, watchman etc.
On the basis of nature of work
Social Occupations
Advocates, salesman, managers, administrators, teachers etc.
Occupation with Manual Skill
Carpenter, painter, book-binder, mechanic, engineering etc.
Intellectual and Scholarly Occupation
Writers, poets, scientists, researchers etc.
Occupations relating to office work
Cashiers, clerks, superintendent, peon etc.
On the basis of interests & aptitudes
Mechanical Occupations
Clerical Occupations
Musical Occupations
Scientific Occupations
Artistic Occupations
Social service Occupations
Literary Occupations
Computational Occupations
Need of Occupational Information
Make Guidance Informative
Help in educational and vocational planning
Help revise the old courses and develop the new ones
Possibility of job satisfaction
To make the training institutions more meaningful and useful
To be familiar with social, economical and technological
changes
For best placement
For Co-ordination between the individual’s capability and the
job
Occupational information is the basis of vocational guidance
Sources of Occupational Information Newspaper
Prospectus & Calendars of Universities
Job Analysis
Views of Specialists and Experts
Discussion with in-service Alumni
Employer
Mass Media
Exhibitions
Publications of Professional Societies
Various Reports
Various Agencies
Employment Exchange
Govt.Agencies
Private Agencies
Industrial Establishments
Techniques for Disseminating Occupational
Information
Through School Clubs
Through Special school Subjects
Through Talks by Specialist
Through Visits to Place of Work
Celebration of Career day
Career Conferences
Class Talks
Exhibitions
Libraries
Bulletin Boards
Defense Services
