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8/3/2019 Guesture of Gayathri & Manimozhi
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Content
What is artificial sun?
Nuclear fusion
Working of thermonuclear fusionreaction
Plasma heating
Magnetic field
Application Reef
conclution
8/3/2019 Guesture of Gayathri & Manimozhi
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What is artificial sun?
Artificial sunlight is a power generating thermo nuclear fusion reactor.
Artifical sun is nothing but,the worlds first complete experimental advanced
superconducting Tokomak(EAST) nuclear fusion device .
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Nuclear fusion &Reason for selecting D-T
fusion is a process in which two or more lighter nuclei combined to form
heavier nucleus .
D-T reaction is the fastest thermonuclear process known and produces
80% of its energy in the form of 14.1 Mev neutrons which simply escape
from the plasma region
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Working of thermonuclear fusion
reaction
Fusion between the atoms is apposed by their shared electrical charge,
specifically the net positive charge of the nuclei
The neutron flux expected in a commercial D-T fusion reactor is about
100 times that of current fission power reactors, posing problems for
material design .
Design of suitable material is underway but their actual use in a reactor is
not proposed until the generation after ITER .
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If nuclear fusion becomes a practical source of energy , it willundoubtedly be first by way of the D-T reaction at a later stage however,fusion involving deuterium nuclei only, which is more difficult to attain,may become important.
The net result is the liberataion of 66 million KW-hr of energy forkilogram of deuterium. The great advantage of D-D fusion would be that itwould not be necessary to supply tritium as is involved is produced in oneof the D-D reactions.
The basic raw materials for the D-T reaction are water for deuterium and
lithium minerals (for tritium). All natural waters contain a smallproportion of HDO molecules in which deuterium(D) as replaced onehydrogen (H) atom in a ordinary water(H2O). Although there is onlydeuterium atom for every 6500 ordinary hydrogen atoms, the amount ofwater is so large that more than 10 trillion(i.e.1013) tons of deuterium arepresent on earth.
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The essential requirements are attainment of a temperature of about 100
million degree celcius in a D-T plasma and a confinement parameter and
exceeding the 3*1014 sec/cm^3 necessary for energy break even and
ignition. If these conditions can be realized, a fusion reactor can be
operated.
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Plasmaheating
Deuterium ions are generarated from deuterium gas by an electrical discharge in n
ion source; the ions are then accelerated by a high voltage .
In the plasma, electrons are rapidly removed from the atoms to form high energy
ions which are trapped by the magnetic field and cannot escape, the high energyions then transfer part of their energy to the plasma particles in repeated collisions,
there by increasing the plasma temperature. An ion temperature of 75 million degre
celcius was reached in a deuterium plasma in 1978 by neural beam injection, and it
is expected that temperatures of 100million deg celcius will be attainable.
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Magnetic field
An electric current is always associated with magnetic field such that the field
lines (or lines of force) are perpendicular to the direction of current flow .
Magnetic fields can be generated within a torus in two general ways. In one
case an electric current is passed through a number of rings (or coils)surrounding the torus. The associated magnetic field called a toroidal field.
. Alternatively, the current may be made to flow through the plasma tie lines of
the resulting magnetic field ,called a poloidal field , encircle the plasma in the
polar direction
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Applications
"Full-spectrum" is not a technical term when applied to an electrical
light bulb but rather a marketing term implying that the product
emulates natural light
While these lights can provide a better spectrum than traditional ones,
they often use more electricity and have a high heat output.
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2.Aquarium lighting :describes any type of light that is used to
illuminate an aquarium tank or in some instances, such as with reef
aquariums, support the life contained within.
Freshwater:
Freshwater aquarium lighting often comes in two forms; one is a
screw-in style incandescent bulb and the other is normal output
fluorescent lighting. Screw-in compact fluorescent lighting is also
used in freshwater aquaria since it provides brighter light output
than traditional screw-in style bulbs.
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ReefReef keepers often opt for light of varying spectrum. Since many corals
require a deep blue oractinic spectrum of light to thrive many aquarists must
supplement traditional white light with light of this color.
reef keepers is T5 High Output fluorescent bulbs. These bulbs are thinner
than traditional T8 bulbs and provide a much brighter, more powerful light.
These high output lights closely recreate the shimmering effect of bright
tropical sun over a patch of coral reef. Metal halide bulbs come in a variety of
spectra from 5000k on up to 20,000k and allow for a variety of light hungry
corals to survive under them.
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conclution
In a most profound sense, mankinds quality of life depends on an
acceptable response to the continually rising demand for energy, to be
able to satisfy our future needs.
some of which represent distinct advantage over the other major
energy sources.
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References
1.SUN DAMAGE and PREVENTION.Electronic text book
of dermatology.The internet dermatology society. Retrieved
2008.
2.Light impacts. science news. Retrieved 2008.
3.Solar simulation systems. Photo emission tech. retrieved
2008.
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AnyAny quriesquries ??
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THANK YOU