saqarTvelos saxelmwifo teqnikuri

universiteti

saleqcio kursi saganSi:

miwis kadastri

samTo_geologiuri fakultetis studentebisTvis

Tbilisi 2011

Semdgenelni: prof. n.turabeliZe

masw. f. qvacabaia

1. miwis kadastri

cneba da saerTo daxasiaTeba

miwis kadastri aris cnobaTa erToblioba qveynis miwis fondis samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis, Semadgenlobisa da gamoyenebis Taobaze. sxvanairad kadastri aris sainformacio sistema, romelic Sedgeba ori nawilisagan: rukebis an gegmebis mwkrivisagan, romlebic gviCvenebs TiToeuli nakveTis zomas da adgilmdebareobas.

aRniSnuli cnobebis Segroveba da sistematizacia xorcieldeba erTiani meTodebiTa da gansazRvruli sistemiT, rac Tavis mxriv uzrunvelyofs miwis fondis daxasiaTebas Semdegi ZiriTadi mimarTulebebis mixedviT:

_miwebis ganawileba maTze uflebis subieqtebis mixedviT, anu cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, Tu vis da romeli uflebiT ekuTvnis miwis fondis calkeuli nawilebi;

_miwebis ganawileba miznobrivi kategoriebis mixedviT, anu cnobebi imis Sesaxeb, erovnuli meurneobis romel dargSi gamoiyeneba miwebi an aris Tu ara gamosayeneblad vargis mdgomareobaSi, gamomdinare maTi bunebriv_istoriuli Tvisebidan.

_cnobebi miwebis xarisxobriv mdgomareobaze garkveuli niSan_Tvisebebis mixedviT, rasac arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs maTi erovnul meurneobaSi gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT;

_cnobebi miwis mwarmoebluri Tvisebebis Sefasebaze, misi nayofierebis TvalsazrisiT;

Mmiwis kadastris warmoebis normatiul safuZvels warmoadgens Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi organoebis mier miRebuli gadasaxadis sidide, aseve valdebulebebi zaralis anazraurebisa da miwebis aRdgenis xarjebi ganisazRvreba im organos mier, romelmac miiRo gadawyvetileba saZiebo samuSaoebis Catarebis Taobaze. Yyvela piroba SeTanxmebuli unda iqnes miwis mesakuTresTan.

warmoebebi, dawesebulebebi, organizaciebi, romlebic asruleben sakvlevaZiebo samuSaoebs, valdebulni arian TavianTi xarjebiT, xelSekrulebiT dadgenil vadebSi, miwis nakveTebi miznobrivi daniSnulebis mixedviT vargis mdgomareobaSi moiyvanon da aqtiT Caabaron miwis mesakuTres an miwaTmosargebles.

miwis kadastris ZiriTadi mizania qveynis miwis fondis dacvisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis uzrunvelyofa, miwaTmesakuTreTa, miwaTmflobelTa da miwaTmosargebleTa uflebebis dacva, miwis gadasaxadisa da funqcionirebis obieqturi safuZvlebis Seqmna.

miwis sakadastro monacemebis erToba da Sepirispireba miiRweva misi cnobebis, meTodebisa da principebis erTobliobiT, aseve miwis sakadastro dokumentaciis unificirebiT.

miwis resursebi bunebrivi resursebis metad mniSvnelovani Semadgeneli nawilia, ris gamoc miwis kadastri, rogorc cnobebi yvela miwis Sesaxeb, mWidro kavSirSia teritoriuli principis mixedviT tyis, wylis da sxva bunebrivi resursebis kadastrTan erTad. saimedo sawyisi monacemebis misaRebad gamoiyeneba informaciis miRebis iseTi Tanamedrove meTodebi, rogoricaa kosmosuri, aerofotogadaRebis, miwiszeda agegmvis, topografomeiluri, niadaguri, geobotanikuri da sxva saxis kvleva-Ziebis masalebi.

saimedo da obieqturi sakadastro monacemebi miwis Sesaxeb mudmivad vargis mdgomareobaSi inaxeba uwyveti da operatiuli ganaxlebis wyalobiT, Tanmdevi koreqtirebisa da aRdgenis gziT. Masalebis sistematuri Sevseba da ganaxleba unda xdebodes miwis sakadastro monacemebis operatiuli da mizanmimarTuli analitikuri damuSavebis sasualebiT, Tanamedrove teqnikuri saSualebebisa da kompiuteruli sistemis gamoyenebiT. Mmiwis kadastris warmoeba maRali doniTa da kulturiT sruldeba ganviTarebul da civilur qveynebSi, rameTu mis xarisxsa da vargisianobaze bevradaa damokidebuli miwis fondis sworad marTvis sakiTxi. Mmiwis kadastris srulyofili masalebis gareSe warmoudgenelia miwebis dacvisa da gamoyenebis dagegmva, miwebis CamorTmeva da gamoyofa, axali miwebis aTviseba, miwis ganfaseba, gadasaxadis dadgena, miwaTmowyobis Catareba, sawarmos saqmianobis Sefaseba, miwis kontroli da a.S.

miwaTsakuTrebisa da miwaTsargeblobaSi sabazro urTierTobebis damkvidrebiT miwa gamodis ara marto rogorc adamianis sameurneo moRvaweobis obieqti, aramed rogorc uZravi qoneba, samoqalaqo brunvaSi masze gamoiyeneba sabazro ekonomikis yvela atributi miwis renta, miwis fasi, ijaris qira da a. S. miwis sakadastro informacia miwis, rogorc uZravi qonebis Sefasebisa da samoqalaqo brunvaSi misi normaluri funqcionirebis uzrunvelyofis ZiriTadi saSualebaa.

erovnuli meurneobaSi miwa gamodis rogorc sivrcobrivi saoperacio bazisi anu adamianis samoRvaweo obieqtis ganTavsebisa da normaluri funqcionirebis adgili (sawarmoo, kulturul-sayofacxovrebo da sxv.) da rogorc sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis warmoebis ZiriTadi saSualeba (Sromis sagani da Sromis iaraRi). amasTan erTad, vakuTvnebT ra miwas qonebis obieqtebs da warmoebis ZiriTad saSualebebs, yovelTvis unda gvaxsovdes, rom es qoneba gansakuTrebuli saxisaa, rogorc warmoebis saSualeba. igi SezRudulia sivrciT da zomiT, ar SeiZleba Seicvalos raime TanazomadiT, tolfasiT, ar SeiZleba misi, rogorc sameurneo moqmedebis obieqtis gadaadgileba. Mmas aqvs sruliad unikaluri Tviseba_niadagis nayofiereba. Aamitom miwis sameurneo gamoyeneba dakavSirebulia rTul bunebriv, ekologiur, ekonomikur, teqnologiur, teqnikur da sxva faqtorebTan, kompleqsebTan, romlebmac uxvad unda povon asaxva miwis sakadastro informaciaSi.

Mmeurneobis efeqtianobisaTvis saWiro geoinformaciuli uzrunvelyofa miwis kadastris warmoebisas dafuZvnebuli unda iyos Semdeg principebze:

1. miwis kadastri unda moicavdes qveynis miwis fondis yvela kategoriis miwas qveynis miwis balansis Sedgenis uzrunvelsayofad, TiToeuli Semadgeneli elementis sameurneo daxasiaTebiT;

2. saerTo saxelmwifo sistemis erTianoba. Ees niSnavs SeTanxmebulobas da Tanmimdevrulobas kadastris yvela Semadgeneli nawilis warmoebisas, maTi miRebis Sinaarsisa da xerxebis erTianobas. Aam sistemam unda asaxos miwis sakadastro informaciis zonalobis Tavisebureba;

3. cnobebis saimedooba da sizuste, anu maTi Sesabamisoba miwebis faqtobriv mdgomareobasTan da maT naturalur zomasTan.

4. cnobebis sisrule anu mTeli aucilebeli informaciis Sinaarsi yvela im miwis Sesaxeb, romelic Sedis erTiani miwis fondis SemadgenlobaSi;

5. kadastris warmoebis uwyveti procesi da mis cnobebSi yvela marTlzomieri cvlilebebis asaxva.

6. dokumentaluroba, saxeldobr: pirveli_monacemebis asaxva damtkicebuli formebis mixedviT; meore_aucilebeli cnobebis miReba da Cawera mxolod Sesabamisi masalebisa da dokumentebis safuZvelze; cnobebi miwis kadastris Sesaxeb unda iyos maqsimalurad naTeli da xelmisawvdomi praqtikuli momxmareblisaTvis.

7. Eekonomikuroba anu Tanamedrove meTodebisa da teqnikis gamoyeneba, rac uzrunvelyofs aucilebeli cnobebis miRebas minimaluri danaxarjebiT;

8. centralizebuli xelmZRvaneloba, rac uzrunvelyofs miwis sakadastro sasualebebis meTodikisa da praqtikuli warmoebis erTianobas, amasTan, cnobaTa Sepirispirebas da unifikacias.

9. miwis sakadastro informaciis Sepirispirebas da SeTavsebas bunebis sxva resursebis kadastris informaciasTan;

10. miwis sakadastro monacemebis oficialuroba da xelmisawvdomoba, cnobaTa oficialuroba niSnavs maT saxelmwifoebriv mniSvnelobas da adasturebs, rom miwaze cnobaTa oficialur wyarod miCneulia saxelmwifo kadastris monacemebi.

miwis kadastris monacemebi xelmisawvdomi unda iyos yvela dainteresebuli iuridiuli da fizikuri pirisaTvis. is warmoadgenili unda iyos praqtikuli gamoyenebisatvis naTel da moxerxebul formaSi.

2. miwis kadastris istoriuli aspeqtebi da Tanamedrove mdgomareoba

qveynis mravalferovani, bunebrivi resursuli potencialis gonivrulad gamoyenebis problema dasabamidan iyo da darCa adamianis dReniadag fiqrisa da zrunvis saganad. miwa, rogorc bunebrivi resursebis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli komponenti mudam adamianis TvalTaxedvis da yuradRebis sferoSi iyo moqceuli. miwisa da tyis resursebis efeqturad gamoyenebis mecnieruli gamokvlevis problema dReisaTvis metad aqtualuria da mis Seswavlas didi yuradReba eqceva.

miuxedavad mniSvnelovani Zvrebisa, saadgilmamulo urTierTobaTa axal pirobebSi, jer kidev SeimCneva garkveuli xarvezebi miwis kadastris warmoebaSi, miwebis aRricxvasa da Sefasebis, registraciasa da teritoriis mowyobaSi. ukiduresadaa garTulebuli garigebaTa warmoebisa da miwis bazris funqcionirebis procesi. yvela aRniSnuli sakiTxis realur SefasebaSi da Seqmnili mdgomareobis gaumjobesebis RonisZiebebis dasaxva-ganxorcielebaSi erT-erTi gadamwyveti funqcia eniWeba srulyofilad warmoebul miwis kadastrs. ukanasknel periodSi uaryofiTi geologiuri procesebis sixSirem da maT mier gamowveulma stiqiurma Sedegebma, msoflioSi bunebrivi resursebis mniSvnelovnad Semcirebam, warmoebis intensifikaciis maRalma donem, mosaxleobis ricxvis zrdis tempma da garkveulwilad sursaTis deficitma kidev ufro gaamZafra moTxovnileba bunebrivi resursebis yairaTianad xarjvasa da gamoyenebaze.

bolo aTwleulSi gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurda saqarTvelos terito-riaze saSiSi ekodinamikuri movlenebi, xSir SemTxvevaSi katastrofuli SedegebiT _ miwisZvrebi, mewyeri, Rvarcofi, wyaldidoba, miwebis gaWuWyia-neba, damlaSeba, niadagebis warecxva-ganadgureba da dabinZureba. negatiuri movlenebis ganviTarebas xeli Seuwyo garemos teqnogenurma datvirTvamac, kerZod: windauxedavma negatiurma sameurneo saqmianobam _ saukeTeso saxnav miwebze mSeneblobebis gaaqtiurebam, sagzao da sarwyavi qselebis usiste-mod gaadgilebam, eroziasawinaaRmdego RonisZiebebis ugulebelyofam, tyeebis gaCexvam, sarekultivacio samuSaoebis SeCerebam da miwaTmoqmedebis kulturis dakninebam. miwis reformam, romelic mniSvnelovani xarvezebiT Catarda, garkveuli uaryofiTi gavlena iqonia miwis savargulebis teritoriuli mowyobis xarisxze _ daiWra da daqucmacda sameqanizaciod vargisi mravali miwis nakveTi, daiSala SemoRebuli Teslbrunvebi, gaiCexa tyeebi da mindorsacavi tyis zolebi, moiSala sarwyav-damSrobi arxebi, sakmaod didZali sasargeblo farTobi daikava savele-sagzao qselma. manqana-satraqtoro parkis ganadgurebisa da miwis mesakuTreTa usaxsrobis gamo bevri saxnavi miwis nakveTi darCa daumuSavebeli. Sedegad sagrZnoblad Semcirda damuSavebadi miwis farTobebi, iklo sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaTa mosavlianobam, tyis produqtiulobam da saerTo mosavlis moculobam. TiTqmis gauqmda miwis kadastrisa da miwaTmowyobis Camtarebeli dawesebuleba-organizaciebi _ miwis marTvis departamenti, raionuli da saqalaqo Sesabamisi struqturebi. aRar warmoebs miwebis aRricxvisa da niadagis kvleviTi samuSaoebi. bevria SemTxveva, rodesac fizikur Tu iuridiul pirs ericxeba miwis garkveuli farTobi, faqtobrivad flobs bevrad mets an naklebs. moSlilia da ar funqcioni-rebs saxelmwifo kontroli miwebis gamoyenebaze. Seqmnili mdgomareoba uaryofiTad moqmedebs miwis bazris formirebasa da efeqtianobis amaR-lebaze, tyisa da miwebis dacvis da racionalurad gamoyenebis mTel sistemaze. tyisa da miwis resursuli potencialis efeqturad gamoyenebis saqmeSi Seqmnili mdgomareobis aRmofxvrisa da maTi efeqturad gamoyenebis relsebze gadayvanis ZiriTad, mniSvnelovan faqtors mecnierulad dasabuTebuli tyisa da miwis kadastris, aseve miwaTmowyobis axleburad gaazreba da Tanamedroveobis moTxovnebTan misadageba warmoadgens. saqmis warmoebis xerxebis, meTodebisa da principebis gaumjobesebis safuZvelze gvesaxeba, rom problemis aqtualoba saeWvo ar unda iyos.

iseve, rogorc miwaTmowyoba, miwis kadastric uxsovari droidan funq-cionirebs. SedarebiT mogvianebiTaa aRricxuli miwis kadastris warmoeba. miwis fasdaudebelma Tvisebebma da SezRudulobam imTaviTve warmoqmna uamrav garigebaTa saWiroeba, rac Tavis mxriv miwis farTobebis raodenobisa da xarisxis zust codnas saWiroebda. miwis erTi mesakuT-ridan meore mesakuTris xelSi gadasvla da masze uflebis damkvidreba moiTxovda garkveuli saxis dokumentaciis gaformebas da saxelmwifos doneze sakuTrebis uflebis cnoba-aRiarebas. im Tavidanve warmoiqmna da Camoyalibda garkveuli sakadastro sistemebi _ miwis resursebis raodenobrivi aRricxva, xarisxis gansazRvra, fasis dadgena da regist-racia; sxvadasxva drosa da sivrceSi sxvadasxva sizustiT, xerxebiT, meTo-debiTa da principebiT xdeboda. dRemde Semonaxuli miwis kadastris warmoebis meTodika cnobilia mesopotamiasa da egvipteSi 4000 weli Cvens eramde. me-12 saukuneSi berZnebi swavlobdnen niadagsa da miwis nayofie-rebas. miuTiTebdnen niadagis xarisxis aRricxvis aucileblobaze. niadagi fasdeboda haeris, wylis, wyalgamtarobis, qimiuri Semadgenlobis, siTbos Semcvelobis, nayofieri fenis sisqis, struqturisa da Seferilobis mixed-viT. Zveli egviptelebi mkacrad icavdnen registraciis wesebs. registracia tardeboda saxelmwifo doneze. maRal doneze iyo ayvanili miwis kadastris warmoeba CineTSi, babilonSi, romSi. miwis sakadastro monacemebiT gani-sazRvreboda miwis fasisa da gadasaxadis zoma, sizuste, romliTac Zveli xalxebi adgendnen miwis kadastrs dResac misabaZia. didi moculobis sakadastro samuSaoebi Caatares monRolebma me-13 saukuneSi saqarTveloSi. maT aRweres soflebi, komlebi, adgil-mamulebi da gaweres gadasaxadebi. vaxtang me-6-is samarTalSi Cawerilia: yidva asre unda kargi garigebiT, marTlis SetyobiT unda iyos, rom an sxvisi mamuli ar Semogvatyuos an sazRvari tyuilad ar daawesos kai mowmiT, wigni da beWdiT unda iyos. rac sakadastro samuSaoebis did mniSvnelobaze migviTiTebs. Sua sauku-neebSi ukve sakadastro samuSaoebis srulyofa evropis qveynebSi gadmoi-nacvla. cnobilia inglisis, safrangeTis, germaniis miwis kadastri, maTi warmoebis xerxebi, meTodebi, principebi da Taviseburebebi. yvela maTgans gaaCnda dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebi.

miwis kadastris warmoebis Tanamedrove donis analizisa da misi srulyofis gzebisadmia miZRvnili qarTveli mecnier-ekonomistebis mravali naSromebi _ v. burkaZe, n. WinWarauli, T. kandelaki, n. turabeliZe, p.WipaSvili, g. doRona-Ze, g. bucxrikiZe, T. CikvaiZe da sxvebi. naSromebSi wina planzea wamoweuli informaciis koncentracia, informaciuli uzrunvelyofis srulyofa, mona-cemTa damuSavebis avtomatizirebuli sistemebi. miuxedavad sakadastro samuSaoebis srulyofilad warmoebis tendenciebisa jer kidev bevria dasaxvewi manqanur sistemebze gadayvanisa da iafad Rirebuli warmoebis meqanizmis Sesaqmnelad. miTumetes, rodesac qveyana gadadis sabazro urTierTobebze. miwa Zvirfasi saqonelbrunvis obieqtia. miwis kadastris sryofilad Catareba miwis fondis racionalurad gamoyenebisa da qveynis fiskaluri politikis fexze dayenebis erT-erTi saimedo da utyuari inst-rumentia. dRes miwis kadastrisa da miwaTmowyobis warmoebis xerxebis, meTodebis da principebis srulyofilad warmoCena, praqtikulad maTi gamoyenebiT qveynis miwis fondis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi maCveneblebis codna da misi gaTvaliswinebiT miwebis dacvisa da gamoyenebis organizacia _ qveynis miwis fondis dacvis, nayofierebis amaRlebisa da produqtiulobis zrdis utyuari garantia.

3. miwa, rogorc sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa obieqti da materialuri piroba.

Mmiwa Tavisi niadagebiT da wiaRiseuliT, wyali, haeri, flora da fauna mzis sinaTlesTan erTad kacobriobis arsebobis aucilebeli da Seunacvlebeli pirobaa.

termini miwa SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc farTo aseve viwro gagebiT. Ppirvel SemTxvevaSi mxedvelobaSi gvaqvs miwa_planeta yvela Tavisi bunebrivi komponentebiT da maxasiaTeblebiT, meore_miwis zedapiri. Aam TvalsazrisiT miwa bunebrivi garemos umniSvnelovanesi Semadgeneli nawilia, romelic xasiaTdeba garkveuli bunebrivi (sivrce, reliefi, niadagebi, mcenereuloba, tye, wiaRiseuli, wylebi da sxva), ekonomikur_socialuri (warmoebis saSualebebi, faseulobebi, Rirebuleba, prestiJuloba da sxva) da mwarmoebluri TvisebebiT (nayofiereba, savarguli, nakveTis konfiguracia da sawarmood gamoyenebis sxva Taviseburebebi).

warmodgena miwaze, mis SesaZleblobebze da funqciebze, kacobriobis ganviTarebis procesSi mudmivad zustdeboda da mdidrdeboda. Tavidan miwa, misi sacxovrisi saSualebebis erTaderTi wyaro iyo. Mmecxoveleobis warmoqmnasTan erTad adamianma miwis gamoyeneba daiwyo ara marto sanadirod da gareuli nayofis Sesagroveblad, aramed pirutyvis gamosazrdelad. xelosnobis ganviTarebam ganapiroba sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopovebis aucilebloba.

Mmiwa, rogorc bunebriv_istoriuli sxeuli warmoebis saSualebad iqca mas Semdeg, rac mas SeuerTda adamianis mier gaweuli cocxali da warsuli Sroma, warmoebis saSualebad da yofa_cxovrebis sayovelTao pirobad moevlina moRvaweobis yvela sferos. Tumca misi roli moRvaweobis sxvadasxva sferoSi araerTgvarovania.

mrewvelobaSi (mompovebel mrewvelobaSi) is gamodis, rogorc saoperacio bazisi, Taviseburi sawyobi. am SemTxvevaSi, warmoebis procesi niadagis nayofierebasTan kavSirSi ar aris.

gadamamuSavebel mrewvelobaSi miwa gamodis, rogorc saoperacio bazisi, fundamenti, Senoba_nagebobis saZirkveli. aq mniSvnelovania gruntis Semadgenloba da misi vargisianoba mSeneblobisaTvis. niadagis nayofierebas aqac mniSvneloba ara aqvs.

nayofiereba gamoiyeneba soflis da satyeo meurneobaSi, iq sadac miwa gamodis, rogorc Sromis saSualeba da sagani anu warmoebis mTavari saSualeba, masSi kolosaluri zomiTaa Tavmoyrili, ara marto miwis bunebrivi nayofiereba, aramed adamianTa sazogadoebis mier warsulSi daxarjuli Sroma.

rogorc realurad arsebuli bunebrivi obieqti_ miwa asrulebs ekologiur da resursul funqciebs; socialur funqcias, rogorc adamianis cxovrebis adgili da piroba; sivrcobriv_politikur funqcias, rogorc saxelmwifos teritoria; ekonomikur funqcias, rogorc meurneobriobis obieqti.

rogorc cnobilia bunebriv resursebs miekuTvneba:

_bunebrivi obieqtebi da movlenebi gamoyenebuli pirdapiri da Sualeduri sargeblobisaTvis, rac xels uwyobs materialuri dovlaTis Seqmnas, SromiTi resursebis kvlavwarmoebas, adamianis arsebobis xelsayreli pirobis SenarCunebas da cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas.

_sxeulebi da bunebis Zalebi (bunebis sikeTe), romelTa sazogadoebrivi sargeblianoba icvleba adamianis SromiTi moRvaweobis procesSi. isini gamoiyeneba (anu potencialurad vargisia gamosayeneblad) Sromis saSualebis saxiT (miwa, sanaosno gzebi, wyali sarwyavad ....). energiis wyaroebi (hidromaragi, sawvavi, ....), nedleuli da masalebi (mineralebi, tye da sxva), uSualo moxmarebis sagnebi (wyali, mcenareebi ....), rogorc dasvenebis adgili, gajansaRebis, turizmis, biofondis aRdgenisa da SenarCunebisaTvis (biosferuli nakrZalebi, bunebis rigi Zeglebi, nacionaluri parkebi ....). informaciis Segroveba garemomcveli samyaros Sesaxeb (bunebis etalonuri nakveTebi, samonitoringo nakveTebi da sxva). rogorc bunebrivi resursebis ganmartebidan Cans, yvela isini mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli miwasTan. saboloo jamSi miwis Tviseba gansazRvravs maTi gamoyenebis efeqtianobas. Tavis mxriv, miwis resursebi SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc miwa sistematurad gamoyenebuli an gamosayeneblad vargisi, konkretuli sameurneo miznebisaTvis da gansxvavebuli bunebriv_istoriuli niSnebis mixedviT. es resursebi SeiZleba davaxasiaToT, rogorc ara kvlavwarmoebadi da (did farTobebze) ara aRdgenadi, aseve Seunacvlebeli.

miwa, romelic CarTulia materialuri warmoebis procesSi an adamianis ekonomikuri moRvaweobis sxva sferoSi, erovnuli meurneobis calkeuli dargebisa da gamoyenebis miznis mixedviT asrulebs sxvadasxva ekonomikur funqcias.

gamoyenebis dros SenarCunebulia miwis gansakuTrebuli Tvisebebi, romelic gamoyofs mas sawarmoo Zalebis elementebis Semadgenlobidan:

pirveli_miwis roli, rogorc sivrcobrivi bazisi, ara marto warmoebaSi, aramed adamianTa sazogadoebis mTel yofa_cxovrebaSi. meore_misi Tvisebaa, Seqmnas axali faseulobebi, romelTa warmoqmna, niadagSi Sefaruli garkveuli bunebrivi Zalebis monawileobis gareSe SeuZlebelia; mesame_miwis farTobebis bunebrivi SezRuduloba da maTi xelovnurad gazrdis SeuZlebloba.

miwa, rogorc warmoebis saSualeba da Sromis bunebrivi piroba, nebismieri warmoebis procesis aucilebeli materialuri winamZRvaria. am gagebiT is warmoebis umniSvnelovanes faqtorad gvevlineba. soflis meurneobasa da satyeo meurneobaSi miwas gaaCnia rigi Taviseburebebi, romlebic seriozul gavlenas axdens sawarmoo procesebze da urTierTobaTa xasiaTze, romelic warmoiqmneba miwis gamoyenebis procesSi. kerZod, vinaidan yoveli miwis nakveTi sivrcobrivad gadauadgilebelia, misi mwarmoebluri Tvisebebi ganisazRvreba ukve Camoyalibebuli ekonomikuri, klimaturi da sxva faqtorebis urTierTqmedebiT.

miwis ZiriTadi Tviseba, romelic warmoaCens mas soflis meurneobaSi warmoebis ZiriTad saSualebad, aris nayofiereba anu Tviseba uzrunvelyos mcenaris aRwarmoeba. amisaTvis saWiroa sakvebi nivTierebebi, teni, niadagis zeda fenis garkveuli struqtura, romelic uzrunvelyofs niadagSi haerisa da mikroorganizmebis SeRwevas. Tavidan miwis nayofiereba grovdeba sufTa bunebrivi procesebis gavleniT. dro da dro adamiani sul ufro metad ereva am bunebriv sferoSi, arRvevs Camoyalibebul wonasworobas.

mecnierebisa da teqnikis progresma adamians misca mcenareTa maRalmosavliani jiSebi da produqtiuli pirutyvi, romelTa warmoeba met biologiur da mineralur energias moiTxovs, risi kompensirebac, bunebrivi saSualebiT yovelTvis SeuZlebelia. niadagSi makompensirebeli nivTierebebis SetaniT, damuSavebis progresuli meTodebis danergviT da sxva progresuli saSualebebiT iwyeba miwis nayofierebis aRdgenisa da zrdis xelovnuri procesi. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT es procesi niadagis nayofierebaSi investicias gulisxmobs.

miwis bunebrivi da xelovnuri mwarmoebluri SesaZleblobebis racionaluri SeTanawyobaa misi nayofierebis amaRlebis umniSvnelovanesi piroba, swored niadagis produqtiuloba anu ekonomikuri nayofiereba iqmneba am ori faqtoris safuZvelze.

miwa Sromis sagani maSin xdeba, rodesac damuSavebis procesSi iqmneba mcenaris zrdisa da srulyofili mosavlis formirebis aucilebeli pirobebi (xvna_Tesva da a.S.) aseve SenarCundeba an gaizrdeba miwis nayofiereba (mineraluri da organuli sasuqebis, mikroelementebis, gajis Setana, mokirianeba, daSroba_gasarwyaveba da sxva), am mizeziT miwa ar SeiZleba ganvixiloT, rogorc bunebis saCuqari. faqtobrivad is adamianis moRvaweobis produqtad gvevlineba.

miwis unikaluri Tvisebaa misi sworad gamoyenebiT bunebrivi nayofierebis gafarToebuli kvlavwarmoebis SesaZlebloba. warmoebis yvela sxva saSualeba, piriqiT, cvdeba, imtvreva da dro da dro saWiroebs Secvlas.

miwis nayofiereba sxvadasxva bunebriv pirobebSi sxvadasxvaa. konkretuli miwis nakveTis adgilmdebareoba, aseve mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens Semosavlis sidideze. sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi miwa saqonelTbrunvis stabiluri, saimedo da Zvirad Rirebuli obieqtia. mas SeuZlia monawileoba miiRos, rogorc uZravma qonebam sxvadasxva operaciebSi_yidva_gayidva, ijariT gacema, dagiraveba, gaCuqeba, memkvidreobiT gadacema da a.S. rac misi fasis sworad gansazRvris aucileblobaze migviTiTebs. miwas saqonlis sxva jgufebisagan ganasxvaveben ori arsebiTi momentiT.

_pirveli maTgani gamoixateba imaSi, rom miwis nakveTi gansxavebiT sxva saxis saqonlisagan ar SeiZleba gadaadgildes sivrceSi, gadamuSavdes sxva produqtad, gamoiyeno narCenis gareSe, amitom miwis mesakuTris ufleba, obieqturad ufro SezRudulia, vidre sxva saxis sakuTrebis mflobelis, maT Soris uZravi qonebis. maSasadame, sazogadoeba mTlianad rCeba miwis teritoriuli resursis mTavar mesakuTred. maTi sakuTrebis uflebis sazRvrebSi gamanawilebeli da sxva funqciebis mxriv, delegirebas uwevs konkretul miwaTmesakuTreebs, miwaTmflobelebs da miwaTmosargebleebs. amitom sabazro operaciebis mTeli sistema miwis sakuTrebasTan atarebs SezRudul xasiaTs. mesakuTres utovebs miwis flobisa da gankargvis uflebas ara marto konkretuli miwis nakveTiT, aramed mxolod misi gamoyenebis uflebiT.

_meore momenti mdgomareobs imaSi, rom miwa, rogorc saqoneli aris centraluri, sazogadoebrivi interesebisa da urTierTobebis sabazo obieqti. saadgilmamulo urTierToba_es sazogadoebrivi interesebis mTliani erTobis regulatoria. moicavs ara marto ekonomikurs, aramed socialur_demografiuls, politikurs, ekologiurs da adamianuri cxovrebis sxva sferoebs.

es mdgomareoba iZulebuls xdis saxelmwifos daaarsos miwebis gamoyenebaze gansakuTrebuli wesebisa da SezRudvebis mTeli sistema. saxelmwifo da sazogadoebrivi saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi miwis nakveTi SeiZleba mepatrones CamoerTvas (saTanado anazRaurebiT) nebismier dros. saxelmwifos ufleba aqvs Caerios im pirTa saqmianobaSi, romelic miwas iyenebs iseTi xerxebiT, rac auaresebs miwis nakveTis mdgomareobas, miiRos sxvadasxva sanqciebi miwaTmesakuTreebis, miwaTmflobelebis da miwaTmosargebleebis mimarT.

kanoniT dadgenilia miwis gamoyenebis wesi mkacrad, mxolod miznobrivi daniSnulebis mixedviT. magaliTad, nakveTi, romlis gamoyeneba gamiznulia sasoflo_sameurneo kulturebis saTesad, ar SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes mSeneblobisaTvis da a.S.

imisaTvis, rom miwis TiToeuli nakveTis sidide gansazRvruli da fiqsirebuli iyos dokumentalurad da ar moxdes miwis fondis uqmad xarjva_ganiaveba, saxelmwifo atarebs miwebis raodenobriv da xarisxobriv aRricxvas. qveyanaSi arsebuli miwebis aRricxvis sistema srulyofilia da uzrunvelyofs TiToeuli miwis nakveTis zomisa da xarisxis codnas. miwis savargulebSi periodulad momxdari cvlilebebis, transformirebis Sedegebis dasadgenad tardeba miwebis monitoringi. monitoringis monacemebi gamoiyeneba miwis fondis racionalurad marTvisa da saadgilmamulo urTierTobaTa daregulirebis mizniT.

miwis reforma

miwis reforma aris saadgilmamulo urTierTobis arsebuli sistemis mizanSewonilad Secvlis procesi, romelic moicavs miwaTsakuTrebis, miwaTmflobelobis da miwaTsargeblobis institutebis gardaqmnas, miwebis gadanawilebas, saadgilmamulo urTierTobaTa daregulirebis axali meqanizmis aTvisebas, miwis resursebis marTvis progresuli meTodebis SemoRebas (miwis kadastri, miwaTmowyoba, monitoringi, kontroli da a.S.).

miwis reforma aris rTuli da mravalmxrivi RonisZiebebis kompleqsi, romelmac realizeba unda uyos Semdeg miznebs:

_ miwaTsakuTrebis, miwaTmflobelobis da miwaTsargeblobis mravalferovan formebze gadasvlis uzrunvelyofa;

_ miwebis socialurad samarTlianad da ekonomikurad dasabuTebuli gadanawilebis da meurneobriobis yvela formisaTvis Tanabari pirobebis Seqmnis uzrunvelyofa;

cnobilia rom, sazogadoebis ekonomikis mamoZravebeli Zalaa_miwa, kapitali da Sroma, mewarmeobis unari da saxelmwifo marTvis qmediTunarianoba. maTgan erT_erTi mTavari, stabiluri da Seunacvlebeli warmoebis saSualeba miwaa. swored, miwis mniSvneloba ganapirobebs sazogadoebrivi wyobilebis formaciis Secvlis dawyebas miwis reformiT. icvleba miwis sakuTrebis da sargeblobis formebi, wesebi, principebi da Sinaarsi mTlianad. reforma xorcieldeba xalxis neba_surviliT. mizani am RvTis mier naboZeb simdidreze samarTlianobis dadgena da adamianis yofa_cxovrebis keTildReobis dafuZvnebaa. miwis reformis Casatareblad, calkeuli qalaqebis, raionebisa da sxva dasxlebuli punqtebis mixedviT Seiqmna miwis sareformo komisiebi. reforma garkveuli xarvezebiT warimarTa. komisiebi, met_wilad dakompleqtebuli iyo araspecialistebiT; ar gaaCndaT saTanado xarisxis gegmur_kartografiuli masalebi, miwis xarisxis amsaxveli kadastruli dokumentebi. farTobebis danawileba Catarda mxolod farTobis sididis mixedviT. moxda ise, rom kategoriebis mixedviT komlebma miwa miiRo Tanazomadi farTobiT, magram zogma WalaSi kargi xarisxis da nayofieri miwa da zogma mTis wverze xrioki adgili. bevrma isargebla Tavisi sazogadoebrivi mdgomareobiT, TanamdebobiT da miizoma kargi xarisxis miwa, ijariT aiRo saukeTeso sameqanizacio da didi zomis farTobi. aRniSnulma xarvezebma didi ziani miayena miwis reformis sworad warmarTvas. Tumca, droTa ganmavlobaSi, TandaTan daixvewa sakanonmdeblo baza, gaumjobesda gegmur_kartografiuli masalis damzadebis teqnika, dazustda sazRvrebi, gaumjobesda dokumentebis gaformebis teqnologia da geoinformaciuli uzrunvelyofa.

Tavidan sasoflo_sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebis gankerZoebis norma dadgenili iyo barisa da zeganis raionebSi 1.25 ha, xolo mTis raionebSi 5 heqtramde, maT Soris damuSavebadi miwa 1_heqtramde. sasoflo_sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gacema usasyidlod grZeldeboda 1999 wlis 1 Tebervlamde. kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadavida sabaRe, sabostne da saagarako miwis nakveTebi.

usasyidlod sakuTrebaSi gadasulia 767 aTasi heqtari miwa. 2005 wlis miwis balansis monacemebiT sul gankerZoebulia 949 aTasi heqtari miwa, anu Sesyidulia saxelmwifo sakuTrebis miwebidan 152 aTasi heqtari. mTlianad gankerZoebuli 949 aTasi heqtari miwis farTobidan 767 aTasi heqtari sasoflo_sameurneo savargulia, aqedan 438-saxnavi, 180_mr.w. nargavebi, 452 saTibebi_84 aTasi saZovari da 20 aT. ha Senoba_nagebobebis qveS. fizikur pirebze gacemulia 946 aTasi heqtari, xolo iuridiul pirze 3 aTasi heqtari. saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi darCa 364 aTasi heqtari saxnavi, 83 aTasi mr.w. nargavi, 99 aTasi heqtari saTibi da 1712 aTasi saZovari. sul gankerZoebulia sasoflo_sameurneo savargulebis 25.40 %. erT milionze metma mosaxlem miwa kerZo sakuTrebaSi miiRo ufasod, grZeldeba saijaro da gaucemeli miwis farTobebis gankerZoeba. saqarTveloSi or milionamde mcxovrebi gaxda miwis mesakuTre. Tu socializmis dros saadgilmamulo urTierTobas marTavda mxolod saxelmwifo, dRes marTvis sistemaSi CarTulia kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli da fizikuri pirebi.

miwa Tavisi gamoyenebis formis, xasiaTis da intensivobis mixedviT mudmiv cvalebad da moZrav mdgomareobaSia, drosa da sivrceSi moqmedebs, rogorc cocxali organizmi (vis ar ugrZvnia gazafxulze miwis oxSivaris saamo surneli) misi nayofierebis zrdisa da produqtiulobis matebis maqsimumis uzrunvelyofa SesaZlebelia mxolod mowesrigebuli da racionalurad awyobili saadgilmamulo urTierTobiT, romelic SeZlebs sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferos moTxovnilebis mixedviT mizanSewonilad moaxdinos miwaze sawarmoo Zalebisa da warmoebiTi urTierTobebis SeTanawyobiT miwis resursebis ganawileba_gadanawileba im angariSiT, rom uzrunvelyofili iqnes sazogadoebis dReniadag mzardi moTxovnilebis dakmayofileba soflis meurneobis prioritetulobis dacviT.

reformis procesSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes is mdgomareoba, rom soflis meurneobisaTvis gamosadegi miwis fondi mniSvnelovnad SezRudulia, xolo axali miwebis aTviseba SezRuduli da Zvirad Rirebulia. miwis reformis warmatebuli warmarTvisaTvis saWiroa axali, msxvilmasStabiani gegmur_kartografiuli masalebis damzadeba, miwis xarisxis gansazRvra, TiToeuli miwaTmesakuTris da miwaTmosargeblis zusti sazRvrebis dadgena da geoinformaciuli uzrunvelyofa. miuxedavad mravali naklovanebisa miwis reforma mainc Sedga. mimdinare miwis reforma, miwis gankerZoveba, miwis movla_patronobiT adamianis daintereseba imeds iZleva mdidari qarTuli miwis resursebis ufro srulad, racionalurad da efeqturad gamoyenebisa da qveynis sasursaTo usafrTxoebis problemis gadawyvetis realobaze.

4. miwis kadastris Teoriul - meTodologiuri safuZvlebi

cnobilia, rom miwa, rogorc bunebrivi pirobebis kompleqsi, gavlenas axdens sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mosavlianobaze da saSedego maCveneblebzec, rac mTlianobaSi gansazRvravs warmoebis efeqtianobas.

kerZod, miwis xarisxi gavlenas axdens naTesi farTobebis struqturaze da maTi gruntis koeficientze. es ukanaskneli ki gansazRvravs warmoebuli produqciis moculobas. miwis nakveTis nayofiereba gavlenas axdens agreTve produqciis xarisxze, radganac niadagis fizikuri da qimiuri Tvisebebis asimilaciis Sedegad xdeba warmoebul produqciaSi sakvebi elementebis dagroveba vitaminebis, marilebis da sxva saxiT.

miwis xarisxi gavlenas axdens sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis momwifebaze. es ukanaskneli ki gansazRvravs Sesyidvis fassac da realizaciis vadebsac. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs am faqtors bostneulis, baRCeulis, Caisa da rigi sxva kulturebisaTvis, romelTa fasi sezonis Sesabamisad mkveTrad icvleba. miwis xarisxzea damokidebuli naTesi farTobebis struqtura da sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis asortimentic. igi gansazRvravs agroteqnikis xerxebsa da farTobis erTeulze gaweuli SromiTi da fulad-materialuri danaxarjebis sididesac. aqedan gamomdinare, gansxvavebulia manqanaTa sistemac da meqanizaciis donec, es ki imas niSnavs, rom miwis xarisxzea damokidebuli produqciis TviTRirebuleba da Sesabamisad, warmoebis efeqtianoba.

amdenad, miwis xarisxi da sawarmoo ZalTa ganviTarebis done gansazRvraven sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis transformacias da maT gamoyenebas, ramdenadac maRalintensiuri kulturebisaTvis aiTviseba nayofieri niadagebi. es ki uzrunvelyofs meti mogebis miRebas da Sesabamisad materialuri, socialuri da sayofacxovrebo pirobebis gaumjobesebas.

yovelive zemoaRniSnulis gaTvaliswineba da Sesabamisad optimaluri gadawyvetilebis miReba SesaZlebelia mxolod maSin, Tu gvaqvs srulyofili informacia miwebis Sesaxeb, rasac miwis kadastri iZleva. amasTan, dRevandlamde am xaziT Catarebuli samuSaoebi ver akmayofileben im moTxovnebs, rasac ayeneben Tanamedrove pirobebSi ukve gamokveTili meurnebriobisa da sakuTrebis sxvadasxva formebi da sabazro urTierTobaze gadasvlis principebi. miT umetes, rom saqarTvelos respublikasa da mTlianad sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT miwis Sefasebis samuSaoebi Catarebulia erTiani sakavSiro meTodikiT, romelSic rig SemTxvevebSi ugulebelyofilia konkretuli teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Taviseburebebi. garda amisa, masSi Cadebuli iyo e. w. produqciis sakavSiro sakadastro fasebi, romelTa gamoynebiTac iangariSeba saSemfaseblo ZiriTadi kriteriumebi. es ki Secdomis daSvebis erT-erT mizezs warmoadgens, radganac ar xdeba sakadastro fasebis diferencireba respublikebisa da regionebis mixedviT.

aRniSnuli uzustobebisagan ar aris dazRveuli miwaTSefasebis axali meTodika, romelic 1990 wels gamoica da dResac moqmedebs.

Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac kursi ZiriTadad aRebulia sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisa da marTvis ekonomikuri meTodebis danergvisaken, romelic daeyrdnoba iseTi ekonomikuri kategoriebis yovelmxriv gaTvaliswinebas, rogoricaa fasi, mogeba, rentabeloba, moiTxovs fulad-materialuri saxsrebis momWirneobiT xarjvisa da bunebrivi saresurso potenialis maRali ukugebiT gamoyenebis RonisZiebaTa farTod danergvas.

gansakuTrebul midgomas moiTxovs meurneobriobis mravali formis pirobebSi miwaTsargeblobisa da miwebis gamoyenebis sakiTxi. saadgilmamulo urTierTobaTa am urTulesi problemis gadaWra mWidrod aris dakavSirebuli miwebis xarisxTan, rac maT SefasebaSi gamovlindeba. es sakiTxi ki arsebul sakadastro sistemaSi ver poulobs asaxvas.

isic unda avRniSnoT, rom miwis kadastris calkeuli rgolebi jer kidev ar aris saTanadod damuSavebuli. es gansakuTrebiT exeba mravalwliani nargavebis, daWaobebuli miwebisa da tyiT dakavebuli farTobebis Sefasebas, romelTa aTvisebis efeqtianoba da Tanmimdevrobac Sefasebis Sedegebis gamoyenebiT unda dadgindes.

miwis fondis sasoflo-sameurneo daraioneba misi Sefasebisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis aucilebeli pirobaa.

daraioneba da mis safuZvelze Sesrulebuli miwebis Sidasameurneo Sefaseba gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac cxovrebam dRis wesrigSi daayena produqciis warmoebisa da sakuTrebis sxvadasxva formebis danergva. isic unda aRiniSnos, rom miwaTmowyobis samsaxurma ver uzrunvelyo kolmeurneobebisa da sabWoTa meurneobebis miwebis Sefasebac ki da igi miT umetes ver SeZlebs Sida sameurneo da danawevrebuli miwaTsargeblobis mixedviT mis ganxorcielebas.

daraioneba teritoriis taqsonomiur erTeulebad dayofis mwyobri, mecnieruli sistemaa, romelSic gaTvaliswinebulia bunebrivi faqtorebis urTierTmoqmedebis kanonzomierebani, mocemulia calkeuli danayofebis daxasiaTeba, agreTve arsebuli resursebis gadanawilebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebaSi gamoyenebis Taviseburebani. amdenad, igi warmoadgens sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis marTvisa da dagegmvis, miwaTmoqmedebis gaZRolis sistemebis damuSavebis, miwis kadastris Sedgenis, miwis fondebis racionalurad gadanawileba-gamoyenebisa da rigi ekonomikuri sakiTxebis optimalurad gadaWris safuZvels. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba eniWeba mas Tanamedrove etapze, rodesac farTo masStabiT tardeba mosamzadebeli samuSaoebi sakuTrebisa da sxvadasxva formis sawarmoebis funqcionirebisa da sabazro urTierTobebze gadasvlisaTvis am rTuli, magram didi politikuri da socialri mniSvnelobis amocanis warmatebiT gadaWris erT-erTi ZiriTadi problemaa saresurso potencialis gansazRvra, rac xorcieldeba miwis ekonomikuri Sefasebis gaTvaliswinebiT. es ukanaskneli ki miwis kadastris Semadgeneli elementia.

Tavis mxriv, rogorc daraionebis sizustes, ise miwis resursebis bunebrivi da ekonomikuri potencialis funqcinerebasa da gamoyenebas mTlianad gansazRvravs im ZiriTadi kriteriumis dadgena, romlebSic asaxuli iqneba miwis raodenobriv-xarisxobrivi mdgomareoba da mwarmoeblurobis unari.

saqarTvelos ssr miwis fondis bunebrivi sasoflo-sameurneo daraionebis safuZvlad aRebuli iqna respublikis teritoriis fizikur-geografiuli (sasoflo-sameurneo miznebisaTvis) dayofis, agroklimaturi resursebis, niadaguri safarisa da warmoebis specializaciis mimirTebiT Catarebuli kvlevis monacemebi. daraionebis sakavSiro sqemaSi ZiriTad kriteriumebad miRebulia klimatis kontinentaluroba, siTboTi da teniT uzrunvelyofa da miwis bioklimaturi produqtiuloba. misgan gansxvavebiT, soflis-meurneobis specigikurobisa da respublikaSi samxreTuli kulturebis warmoebis mdgomareobidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos pirobebisaTvis saWiroa maprofilebelikulturis sawarmoeblad aucilebeli minimaluri temperaturis, uyinvo dReTa raodenobis, temperaturis absolituri minimumis, savegetacio periodis dawyeba-damTavrebis, agreTve wlis peridis mixedviT naleqebis ganawilebis maCveneblebi, ramdenadac es faqtorebi mniSvnelovnad gansazRvraven sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis produqtiulobas da efeqtianobis dones.

yvela am sakiTxis gaTvaliswinebiT Sedgenil miwis fondis bunebrivi sasoflo-sameurneo daraionebis axali sqema srulyofilad aris gaTvaliswinebuli bunebrivi da sawarmoo pirobebi, dakonkretebulia daraionebis taqsonomiuri erTeulebi.

miwaze kerZo sakuTrebis institutis damkvidrebam kidev ufro gaaRr-mava miwebis ganawilebis, gadanawilebis, miwis reformis sworad da samarT-lianad warmarTvis, saxelmwifo saTadarigo miwis fondis Seqmnis mraval-formiani meurneobebis formirebis, miwaze sxvadasxva saxis garigebaTa war-moebisa da samiwaTmowyobo samuSaoebis axleburad warmarTvisaTvis srul-yofili da yovlismomcveli kadastruli informaciis arsebobis moTxov-nileba.

dRes faqtis winaSe davdeqiT, rom adre Catarebulma miwis kadastrma ver mogvca sasurveli Sedegi _ miwis reforma CavatareT miwis xarisxis gaTvaliswinebis gareSe, nakveTebi davanawileT mxolod farTobebis zomis mixedviT. amitom miwebi darigda zomiT erTnairebi, magram zogs Sexvda saukeTeso miwa, zogs ki _ mwiri, ramac gamoiwvia socialuri samarTlia-nobis xelyofa. warmoSobili iqna uamravi dava, rogorc zemoT avRniSneT garda miwis reformisa srulyofili sakadastro monacemebi aucilebelia miwis marTvis yvela sferoSi. gamomdinare aRniSnuli mdgomareobidan, Cven miznad davisaxeT cal-calke ganvixiloT tyisa da miwis kadastris yvela ZiriTadi Semadgeneli nawili da gamovTqviT Cveni mosazrebebi maTi srulyofis Taobaze.

miwebis aRricxva miwis kadastris uZvelesi Semadgeneli nawilia. swored miwaze iswavla adamianma manZilis gazomva, misi geometriuli figurebis dayofa da farTobebis daangariSeba. ase Caeyara safuZveli miwis kadastrs. miwebis aRrixcva daiwyo martivad nabijiT, Semdeg saJeni, ekeri, Teodoliti, menzula, niveliri dRes ki warmatebiT gamoiyeneba aerofoto gadaReba, kosmosuri gadaReba da sxva. sakmaod maRal doneze tardeboda miwebis aRricxva socializmis dros. garkveuli masStabiTa da erTiani gegmiT sruldeboda miwebis aRricxvis samuSaoebi. sakvlevi teritoria ukve 90-iani wlebisTvis dafaruli iyo 1:50000; 1:25000 da 1:10000-iani masStabebis gegmur-kartografiuli masalebiT, romlis mixedviTac im dros adgendnen miwis balanss. gasulma drom da miwis zedapirze momxdarma cvlilebebma Seusabamo, uvargisi da gamousadegari gaxada aRniSnuli gegmur-kartog-rafiuli masalebi. sadReiso moTxovnebs arc maTi xarisxi da arc masStabi aRar pasuxobs, miuxedavad Sesrulebuli samuSaoebis Sromatevadobisa da siZvirisa aucilebeli da gadaudebeli saqmea adgilobrivi pirobebis mixedviT SevadginoT axali gegmebi _ msxvil masStabSi, romelic uzrun-velyofs adgilis, situaciis naTlad warmoCenas, mcire nakveTebis grafiku-lad asaxvas. Tanac samuSaos ZiriTadi nawili unda Sesruldes kameralu-rad. gamoyenebuli unda uqnas avtomatizirebuli xelsawyoebi. samuSaos warmoebis kompleqsuroba da informaciuli uzrunvelyofis optimizacia moiTxovs yvela saxis saaRricxvo elementis gegmaze da rukaze lakonurad asaxvas, grafikuli gamosaxulebis saSualebiT, logikurad dasabuTebuli sistemiT (simbolika, cifrobrivi da werilobiTi nawilebi) amiT ganisazR-vreba gegmis qmediTunarianoba, Tanamedrove doneze iqneba ayvanili misi Sinaarsi, forma, struqtura, unificirebam. srulyofas moiTxovs pirobiTi niSnebi _ calkeuli savargulebisa da kulturebis WrilSi. gegmaze zustad unda iqnes datanili konturis sazRvari, samijne niSani, xazis zoma da war-wera. aseTi saxis zusti aRricxvis gareSe SeuZlebelia sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi miwis resursebis racionalurad marTva. saaRricxvo masalebis Sedgenis TanmimdevrulobaSi daculi unda iqnes jer sabazo rukis damzadeba, Semdgom sakadastro msxvilmasStabiani gegmis Sedgenis rigiTo-ba. sakvlevi teritoriis SemTxvevaSi sabazo rukebi unda davamzadoT aerogadaRebis 1:10000 masStabis gegmaze, adgilze gakoreqtirebis Sedegad da Semdeg damzaddes 1:2000-iani masStabis sakadastro ruka, romelic gamosadegia 100-dan 300 heqtramde farTobis mqone masivze samuSaod. rukam unda uzrunvelyos yvela saxis geoinformaciuli monacemebis miwodeba momxmarebelze.

miwis, rogorc sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi saqonelbrunvis Zvir-fasi nivTis, realuri Rirebulebis (fasis) dadgenaSi wamyvani adgili niadagis bonitirebas ekuTvnis. swored miwis nayofierebaze anu sargeb-lobis xarisxzea damokidebuli misi Rirebuleba. rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, socializmis dros miwis nayofierebis codna saWiro iyo sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mizanSewonilad gaadgilebisaTvis da produqtebis Sesasyidi fasis diferencirebulad dadgenisTvis. aRniSnulis dasakmayofi-leblad niadagebis SedarebiT martivi Seswavlac sakmarisi iyo. ZiriTadad gansazRvravdnen humusis Semcvelobas niadagSi, sakveb nivTierebebs da mJavianobas. 70-iani wlebidan igive niSan-Tvisebebis gamoyenebiT da mosavlianobis gaTvaliswinebiT daiwyo miwebis ekonomikuri Sefaseba _ xSirad aRricxvianoba zusti ar iyo, amitom maSindeli dadgenili miwis xarisxi nakleb efeqtiani iyo. dRes sabazro ekonomika da miwis bazari ufro met moTxovnebs uyenebs specialistebs miwis xarisxis zustad dadgenis Taobaze. Cvenc miznad davisaxeT CamovayaliboT faqtorebis gansazRvris ufro srulyofili meTodi, romelic saSualebas mogvcems miwis saSemfaseblo balebSi mosavlianobis zustad aRricxvasTan da angariSSi SetanasTan erTad zustad avsaxoT niadagis bunebriv niSan-TvisebaTa xarisxi da miwis fasi zustad Seesabamebodes mis nayofierebas da sargeblianobis xarisxs. miwis normatiuli fasi, romliTac sargeblobs saxelmwifo sxvadasxva operaciebis warmoebisas, axlo unda iyos realur sabazro fasTan. Cvens mier SemoTavazebuli srulyofili meTodi gulisx-mobs miwis TiToeuli konturis xarisxis gansazRvras misi bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebisa da SesaZlo mosavlianobis gaTvaliswinebiT, maTi urTierT korelaciuri kavSirebis gamoyenebiT. saSemfaseblo balis zomis gansazRvris meTodi aRebuli gvaqvs prof. n. turabeliZis mixedviT: ZiriTad diagnostikur maCveneblad viyenebT humusis procentul Semcvelobas, humusis horizontis siRrmes (sm), humusis maragi (t/ha), sakvebi elementebi _ azoti, fosfori, kaliumi (t/ha), StanTq-muli fuZeebis jami Ca, Mg, Na _ miligram ekvivalentobiT 100 gram niadag-Si, niadagis meqanikuri Semadgenloba, fizikuri Tixa, klimaturi pirobebis amsaxveli hidrografiuli koeficienti, niadagis winaaRmdegoba, simagre, mJavianoba da konturianoba (saqcevis sigrZe, konfiguracia, nakveTis dana-wevrebis xarisxi, daxriloba). aRniSnul niSan-TvisebaTa bali gvaZlevs saSualo bals. masSi unda SevitanoT miwis produqtiulobis mimarT uaryo-fiTad an dadebiTad moqmedi mosavlianobis amsaxveli koeficientebi _ mivi-RebT balis saboloo mniSvnelobas. bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis saSualebiT balis miRebis Semdeg vangariSobT mosavlianobis bals da korelaciur kavSirebis determinaciis koeficientebisa da korelaciuri kavSirebis gamoyenebiT vadgenT saSemfaseblo balis sidides. niadagis xarsixis gan-sazRvris aRniSnuli meTodi zustia, Sromatevadi da ZviradRirebuli, sxva-nairad saqmis warmoebis sizustes ver mivaRwevT.

miwisa da masze myarad damagrebuli sxva uZravi qonebis regisracia maTi dacvisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis organizaciis umniSvnelovanesi atributia. sworad registraciaa ama Tu im movlenis dasrulebulad aria-rebis dafiqsirebisa da dokumentalurad gaformebis amsaxveli moqmedeba. registracia aRiarebs da adasturebs uZravi qonebis sazRvars, formas, kon-figuracias, teritoriul ganlagebas, raodenobas, xarisxobriv Tvisebas da samarTlebriv mdgomareobas. aq irkveva vinaa uZravi qonebis namdvili mesa-kuTre, mflobeli Tu mosargeble da romeli uflebiT.msoflios mowinave qveynebSi gavrcelebuli saregistracio sistemebis Seswavlam da analizma dagvarwmuna, rom sxva qveyana da qveynis jgufebi sxvadasxva midgomiTa da TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT awarmoeben registraciis process. zogi ufro met yuradRebas uTmobs saregistracio masalebis teqnikur sizustes, zogi ki iuridiul mxares aniWebs upiratesobas. saboloo jamSi amocana mainc erTia, mesakuTres hqondes nivTze misi uflebis damadasturebeli mya-ri dokumenti, uflebamosili iyos nivTis gankargvaze yovelgvar moqmede-baSi. qveyana dayofilia saregistracio zonad. zonis sazRvari emTxveva administraciuli raionis sazRvars, zona iyofa seqtorebad, seqtori kvartlebad, kvartali nakveTebad. dReisaTvis qveyanaSi gamoyenebulia registraciis ori meTodi sporaduli da sistemuri. Sesru-lebuli samuSaoebis Seswavlam dagvanaxa, rom sporaduli meTodiT Cata-rebuli samuSaoebi SedarebiT dabali sizustisaa da nakleb saimedoc. nak-veTebi aRebuli da daregistrirebuli gancalkevebiT, erTi meorisagan mowyvetiT, teritoriidan amoglejiT ar xdeba sazRvrebis Semowmeba. aris SemTxveva, rodesac erTi nakveTis naxazi gadafaravs meores da a. S. Cven sworad migvaCnia miwis nakveTebis registracia mxolod sistemuri meTodiT. rodesac saregistracio obieqtze nebismieri miwis nakveTi (konturi) gan-xiluli iqneba erT mTlianobaSi. saSualeba iqneba kontrolis da ar dai-kargeba miwis nakveTi, gaadvildeba gadasaxadis gawera, Semcirdeba davebi, gaadvildeba miwebis gamoyenebis organizacia da a.S. saadgilmamulo urTierTobaTa axal pirobebSi qveynis miwis fondis dac-visa da racionalurad gamoyenebis organizaciis miwaze kerZo sakuTrebis Tu sargeblobis uflebis saimedo da utyuari garanti miwebis registra-ciis srulyofaa.

miwis fasis gansazRvra miwis kadastris erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi nawilia. miwis normatiuli fasis codnazea damokidebuli miwis gadasa-xadis, rentis, saijaro qiris gaweris sizuste, miwaze sxvadasxva saxis garigebaTa warmoeba, sainvesticio garemos Seqmna, saxelmwifo biujetis Sevseba. saboloo jamSi adamianis keTildReobis amaRleba. mravali mecnieri muSaobda miwis fasis gansazRvraZe, maT Soris prof. v. burkaZe. mis mier SemuSavebuli meTodi, romlis drosac miwis fasi toli iyo farTobidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis namravliT kapita-lizaciis koeficientze. wminda Semosavlis gansazRvra dafuZnebuli iyo heqtari miwidan miRebuli saheqtaro mosavlianobis zomaze. romlis aR-ricxva arc ise zustad xdeboda maSindel kolmeurneobebsa da sabWoTa meurneobebSi. naklebi yuradReba eqceoda miwis bunebriv niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT gansazRvruli xarisxis sidides. arc niadagis kvlevis masalebi iyo sakmao sizustis. im droisaTvis angariSis meTodi da sizuste akmayo-filebda maSindel sameurneo mniSvnelobis moTxovnebs da warmatebiT gamoiyeneboda. miwaze kerZo sakuTrebis dafuZnebam radikalurad Secvala miwis fasis gansazRvris moTxovnilebebi. axali saadgilmamulo urTierTo-baTa pirobebis Sesatyvisad iqna SemuSavebuli prof. n. turabeliZis mier miwis xarisxis Sefasebisa da mis saSemfaseblo balSi CarTvis meTodi, romelmac saSualeba mogvca ufro zustad gangvesazRvra miwis fasi. miwis xarisxidan miRebuli mosavlianoba _ muxranis meurneobis saxnavi, sarwyavi miwis saheqtaro Rirebuleba miRebuli iyo 105000 aSS. dolari, rac axlosaa sadReiso sabazro RirebulebasTan. miwis savar-gulis saheqtaro fasis dasadgenad SegviZlia gamoviyeneT prof. g. doRonaZis mier saqarTvelos magaliTiT gamoangariSebuli erTi balis Rirebulebis fasis zomaze (1037 lari) dayrdnobiT. prof. n. turabeliZisa da n. suxiaSvilis mier miwaTsargeblobis mTliani farTobis normatiuli fasis dadgenis meTodi, romlis mixedviTac sakvlevi obieqtis sinamdvileSi miRebulia (saxnavTan TanafardobiT koeficienti 1) mravalwliani nargavis 1,08; saTibebisaTvis 0,59; saZovrisaTvis 0,47; tyisaTvis 0,44 da sxva arasasoflo-sameurneo savargulisaTvis 0,46.

5. miwis kadastris Sinaarsi

miwis kadastri Sedgeba oTxi urTierTdakavSirebuli elementisagan: miwaTmesakuTreTa da miwaTmosargebleTa registracia; miwebis raodenobisa da miwis xarisxis saxelmwifo aRricxva; niadagis bonitireba; miwis ekonomikuri Sefaseba (fasis gansazRvra).

miwebis registracia aris miwaTsakuTrebisa da miwaTsargeblobis uflebis oficialurad damowmeba. registracia warmoebs Sesabamisi sakadastro monacemebis CaweriT raionis an qalaqis sajaro reestrSi: iuridiuli Tu fizikuri piris saxelwodeba, vada, romliTac gansazRvrulia miwis sakuTrebaSi Tu sargeblobaSi yofna, miwis farTobi, dokumentebis saxelwodeba, romlis safuZvelzec mocemulia miwis nakveTi da miwis nakveTis gamoyenebis uflebrivi reJimis mokle daxasiaTeba.

moyvanili monacemebis registracia warmoebs saxelmwifo organoebis gadawyvetilebis safuZvelze, miwis nakveTis sakuTrebaSi Tu sargeblobaSi gacemis Taobaze nakveTis naturaSi gadatanisa da uflebis dadgenis dokumentaciis gacemis Semdeg.

saxelmwifo registracias eqvemdebareba ara marto subieqtis uflebis dadgena miwaze (sakuTrebis, sargeblobis, operatiuli marTvis da sxva uflebebi), aramed am uflebis Sewyveta an Secvla, Tu is dadasturebulia dokumenturad. kerZo, saxelmwifo registracias eqvemdebareba yvela samoqalaqo-samarTlebrivi garigeba miwaze (yidva-gayidva, Cuqeba, memkvidreoba, gacvla, renta da sxv.). registracia warmoebs moqalaqeTa Tu iuridiul pirTa gacvlebis safuZvelze raionuli an qalaqis mmarTvelobis miwis marTvis organoebis mier.

miwebis raodenobrivi da xarisxobrivi aRricxva warmoebs maTi faqtobrvi mdgomareobisa da gamoyenebis mixedviT, Tanac yvela cvlileba, momxdari am maCveneblebSi, fiqsirdeba mxolod imis Semdeg, rac isini moxda naturaSi, sxvanairad rom vTqvaT, saproeqto dokumentebi ar SeiZleba miviCnioT safuZvlad aseTi cvlilebebis Sesatanad saaRricxvo dokumentebSi.

aRricxva tardeba uflebis subieqtebisa da obieqtebis mixedviT, miwaze, administraciul_teritoriuli warmonaqmnebis WrilSi, rogoricaa sasoflo_sameurneo dasaxlebuli punqtebi, raionebi, qalaqebi, regionebi da qveyana. ZiriTadi saaRricxvo erTeuli miwis savargulia, oficialurad dadgenili klasifikaciis saxiT, amasTan dgindeba da fiqsirdeba savargulebis saxeebisa da qvesaxeebis gadaxris xarisxi sasualo macveneblebTan, rasac aqvs arsebiTi mniSvneloba (darRveuli, naklebproduqtiuli, degradirebuli, erozirebuli, biogenuri daavadebis nakveTebi da a.S.) aseve calkje gamoiyofa gansakuTrebiT Zvirfasi savargulebi: sarwyavi, damSrali, Zireulad gaumjobesebuli da a.S.

aRricxvis monacemebs aqvs rogorc sameurneo, aseve samartlebrivi mniSvneloba. magaliTad, aRricxvasTan dakavSirebuli sasoflo_sameurneo savarguli SeiZleba Seicvalos an gadavides savargulis sxva saxeSi, mxolod dadgenili wesebis dacviT. Miwis xarisxis gauaresebis SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifo arricxvis monacemebi miiReba sawyisi saxiT. Saxelmwifo aRricxvis sacnobaro masalebi gamoiyeneba rogorc sxvadasxva saxis saxelmwifo daniSnulebisatvis, aseve samoqalaqo garigebaTa warmoebisatvis informaciis miRebis xasiaTis mixedviT. Miwebis saxelmwifo arricxva dayofilia pirvelad (ZiriTad) da mimdinare (Semdgom) aRricxvad.

pirveladi aRricxva xorcieldeba periodulad_gegmur_kartografiuli masalebis safuZvelze. is moicavs savele da kameralur mosamzadebel samuSaos.

mimdinare aRricxvis amocanaa cvlilebaTa gamovlena, rac moxda miwebis gamoyenebasi, maT mdgomareobaSi da pirveladi aRricxvis monacemebis asaxvasi. ganisazRvreba ara marto faqtobrivad momxdari cvlilebebi, aramed maTi kanoniereba.

aRricxvisaTvis tardeba Semdegi kvlevebi da specialuri azomvebi: gamoiyeneba aRricxvis monacemebis asaxvis ori xerxi: grafikuli (gegmur_kartografiul masalebze) da werilobiTi (wignebSi, cxrilebSi da sxva) miwebis raodenobrivi maCveneblebis aRricxvisas unda ganisazRvros: miwis fondis farTobebi da maTi ganawileba administraciul_teritoriuli erTeulebis, miwebis kategoriebis, miwaTmesakuTreTa da miwaTmosargebleTa, savargulebis saxeebisa da qvesaxeebis mixedviT. miwaTsakuTrebaTa, miwaTsargeblobaTa da savargulebis daxasiaTeba mocemuli unda iyos rogorc mTlianad yvela miwebis mixedviT, aseve cal_calke sarwyavi da urwyavi miwebis mixedviT. miwaTsakuTrebaTa, miwaTsargeblobaTa da savargulebis daxasiaTeba mocemuli unda ikos rogorc mTlianad yvela miwebis mixedviT, aseve cal_calke sarwyavi da urwyavi miwebis mixedviT.

Savargulebis xarisxi xasiaTdeba rigi niSan_Tvisebebis mixedviT. Upirveles yovlisa gamoiyofa sasoflo_sameurneo savargulebisa da maT qveS gamosayeneblad vargisi miwebis kategoriebi. Semdeg daxasiateba eZleva yvela savarguls misi meqanikuri Sedgenilobisa da niSan_Tvisebebis mixedviT (mJavianoba, daWaobebuloba, nestianoba da sxva), romnlebic asaxaven naklovanebebis dones, saTib_saZovrebi maTi gakulturebis mixedviT da sxva.

cnobebi savargulis xarisxis Sesaxeb fiqsirdeba Sesabamisi dokumentebis safuZvelze saWiro reestrSi.

niadagebis bonitireba miwis kadastris mesame Semadgeneli nawilia, romliTac klasificirdeba miwebi maTi bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT. niadagis bonitirebis procesSi calkeul klasebSi erTiandeba is niadagebi, romlebic axlosaa erTmaneTTan garkveuli bunebrivi niSan-TvisebebiT (humusis Semcvloba, sakvebi nivTierebebi, fizikur-qimiur Sedgeniloba da a. S.), romlebic qmnian niadagis nayofierebas.

bonitirebis monacemebSi NnaCvenebia niadagis saxesxvaobis fardobiTi Rirebuleba an sxva genetikurad miaxloebuli jgufebi maTi bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT.

niadagis bunebriv niSan-TvisebaTa MmaCveneblebis mixedviT ganisazRvreba niadagis nayofierebis xarisxi, rac pirobiTad aisaxeba balebSi. 100 balis tolad miRebulia saukeTeso maCvenebeli.

miwebis ekonomikuri Sefaseba gamoiyeneba miwebis calkeuli jgufebis Rirsebis dasadgenad. Sefasebis sawarmoeblad gamoiyeneba niadagis bunebriv niSan-TvisebaTa xarisxi da miwis nakveTidan miRebuli Semosavlianobis (mosavlianobis) sidide. xarisxi aisaxeba balebSi 100-baliani sistemiT.

ekonomikuri Sefasebis MmaCveneblebi gamoiyeneba miwebze mosavlianobis dagegmvis, gadasaxadebis gaweris, miwaTmowyobis Catarebis da organizaciuli-sameurneo saqmianobis sawarmoeblad.

dRes, rodesac miwaze kerZo sakuTreba damkvidrda, ufro meti mniSvneloba SeiZina miwis fasis dadgenam da mis mixedviT miwis gadasaxadis gaweris sakiTxma. amdenad, saWiroa miwis TiToeuli konturi Sefasdes miwis xarisxis (bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT) da miwidan miRebuli Semosavlis mixedviT.

miwis fasis codna saWiroa miwaze uamravi saxis garigebis warmoebisaTvis.

6. miwis kadastris warmoebis wesi

miwis kadastris warmoeba ZiriTadad saxelmwifos prerogativa da movaleobaa. ra Tqma unda, nawilobriv miwis sakadastro samuSaoebi evalebaT miwis kerZo mesakuTreebs TavianTi xarjebiT. samuSaoebi unda Catardes administraciuli, teritoriuli danayofebis (erTeulebis) mixedviT aseTi TanmimdevrobiT:

_ miwaTmesakuTreTa da miwaTmosargebleTa miwis nakveTebis monacemebis registracia saTanado wesebis dacviT;

_ informaciuli bankis Seqmna raionSi arsebuli maTi mdgomareobisa da gamoyenebis Taobaze;

_ agroveben, aerTeben da sistemaSi mohyavT monacemebi cvlilebebze, romlebic moxda miwebis SedgenilobaSi, TiToeuli savargulis mixedviT da mimdinare cvlilebebi SeaqvT dokumentaciaSi;

_ yovelwliurad 1 noembris mdgomareobiT dgeba angariSi miwebis aRricxvis Sesaxeb TiToeuli raionis, qalaqis mixedviT da waredgineba zemdgom saxelmwifo organoebs;

_ miwis kadastris samuSaobs xelmZRvanelobs saqarTvelos miwis dacvisa da gamoyenebis saxelmwifo komisia, romelic Rebulobs miwis balanss calkeuli raionebidan, qalaqebidan. igi qmnis qveynis sainformacio banks. misi kompetenciaa miwebis kartografirebis specialuri sakvlevaZiebo samuSaoebis Catarebis organizacia;

_miwebis bonitirebis, Sefasebis (fasis dadgenis) samuSaoebis Catarebis organizacia;

_miwebis mdgomareobisa da gamoyenebis amsaxveli masalebis aRricxva calkeuli administraciuli erTeulebis WrilSi, maTi ganxilva, analizi da gaerTianeba;

_moTxovnaTa mdgomareobis Seswavla geoinformaciuli uzrunvelyofis taobaze, moTxovnaTa dakmayofilebis xarisxi, miwis kadastris warmoebis uzrunvelyofisa da naklovani mxareebis aRmofxvris Ronisziebebis gatarebis sakiTxi.

_miwis kadastris monacemebis Senaxvis, gamoqveynebis, organizaciis mdgomareoba;

_miwis saaRricxvo dokumentebis wardgena qveynis miwis marTvis departamentSi, maTi miReba da gamoqveyneba.

miwebis saxelmwifo monitoringi

miwis dacvisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis saxelmwifo kontrolTan mWidrodaa dakavSirebuli miwebis monitoringi. miwebis monitoringi es miwis fondis mdgomareobaze dakvirvebis sistemaa, bunebrivi garemos monitoringis Semadgeneli nawili, sabazo damakavSirebeli rolis Semsrulebeli.

monitoringi ZiriTadi mizania:

_ miwis fondis mdgomareobis Sefaseba, xarisxsa da farTobSi momxdar cvlilebaTa droulad gamovlena negatiuri procesebis Sedegebis Tavidan acilebisa da gafrTxilebis rekomendaciebis dasamuSaveblad.

_ miwis kadastris informaciuli uzrunvelyofa, racionaluri miwaTmowyobisa da miwaTmosargebleobis, miwebis dacvisa da gamoyenebis kontrolis sawarmoeblad.

miwebis monitoringi moicavs yvela miwas, miuxedavad kuTvnilebis, miznobrivi daniSnulebisa da gamoyenebis xasiaTisa. monitoringis procesSi xdeba sistematuri dakvirveba (agegmva, gamokvleva) miwebis mdgomareobaze, vlindeba cvlilebebi, warmoebs Sefaseba miwaTsargeblobis, miwaTsakuTrebis, savargulebis, mindvrebis, nakveTebis, niadagSi momxdari cvlilebebis, misi dabinZurebisa da sxvaTa. Seiswavleba aseve dasaxlebuli punqtebis, navTobisa da haeris obieqtebis, gamwmendi nagebobebis, wyalsacavebis, sawyobebis, sasuqebis, avtosadgomebis, narcenebis samarxebisa da sxva samrewvelo obieqtebis mdgomareoba, dakvirvebebi xorcieldeba kosmosuri aparatebidan, TviTmfrinavidan, miwiszeda gadarebiT. Dakvirvebebi iyofa sabazo, periodul da operatiul nawilebad. Monitoringi tardeba saxelmwifo organoebis mesveobiT.

miRebuli monacemebi gamoiyeneba erovnuli meurneobis Semdgomi ganviTarebis, dagegmvis, msxvili proeqtebis Sedgenis, unikaluri xelovnuri landSaftebis formirebisa da sabolood jansari ekologiuri garemos Seqmnis uzrunvelsayofad.

7. avtomatizirebuli sistemis danergva

saxelmwofo miwis kadastris Sedgena moicavs didZali ststistikuri informaciis Segrovebas, daxarisxebas da maT damuSavebas specialuri dokumentebis SedgeniT. es procesi Sromatevadia da did drosa da SromiT resursebs moiTxovs. amitom am sakiTxze momuSave specialistebi im TaviTve did yuradRebas uTmoben am masalebis avtomatizebis sakiTxebs. samecniero-teqnikuri prgresis da lerZod, gamoTvliTi teqnikis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove done saSualebas iZleva miwis sakadastro samuSaoebis udidesi nawili da Sesabamisad, dokumentebis Sedgena , CavataroT eleqtrul-cifruli gamomTvleli manqanebis (ecgm) saSualebiT. miwis ksdastris Sedgenisas gamomTvleli teqnikisa da kibernetikuli meTodebis gamoyenebis aucilebloba da SesaZlebloba mtkicdeba Cveni qveynis cnobili samecniero-kvleviTi koleqtivebis mier Catarebuli sacdeli da praqtikuli samuSaoebis SedegebiT. miuxedavad am dargSi erTgvari Seferxebisa Sefasebis samuSaoebis sakmaod didi nawili Cvens respublikaSic eleqtronul-gamomTvleli teqnikis gamoyenebiT sruldeba.

miwis sakadastro samuSaoebis daCqarebasa da maRali sizustiT Sesrulebas xels uwyobs miwebis kosmosuri kvleva. kosmosuri kvleva xelsayrelia ekonomikuradac, radganac igi iZleva miwis mTliani resursebis Seswavlisa da sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis brunvaSi axali miwebis Cayenebis, agreTve niadagebis xarisxis amaRlebis, maTi eroziisagan dacvis, Warbtenienobisa da damlaSebis winaaRmdeg brZolos, miwaTgamoyenebis kontrolis, sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis momwifebis vadebis dadgenisa da regionebis mixedviT mosavlianobis prognozirebis saSualebas. magram mas aqvs Tavisi uaryofiTi mxareebic, radganac gamoiyeneba mxolod didi teritoriisaTvis. Tumca mimdinareobs kvleviTi samuSaoebi maTi raionul WrilSi SesrulebisaTvis, agreTve niadaguri da geobotanikuri kartografirebis axali teqnologiebis damuSaveba savele da kameraluri deSifrirebis safuZvelze, risTvisac sul ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba eleqtronul-gamomTvleli teqnika.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saqarTvelos miwis kadastris SedgenaSi TandaTanobiT unda iqnas aTvisebuli da danergili msoflio miRwevebi, dakavSirebuli kosmosuri kvlevisa da eleqtronul-gamomTvleli teqnikis kartografirebaSi gamosayeneblad. sizustesa da mravalmxrivobasTan erTad, igi ganpiribebulia imiTac, rom praqtikulad ver xorcieldeba sagegmo-kartografiuli masalebis drouli ganaxleba, rac dakavSirebulia miwaTsargeblobis cvlilebasTan.

miwis kadastris informaciuli damuSavebis avtomatizaciis dros iqmneba informaciuli uzrunvelyofa, romelic Sedgeba miwis kadastris informaciuli modelisa da monacemebis bankisagan. informaciuli modeli iTvaliswinebs miwis kadastrisaTvis saWiro dokumentebis Seqmnas, struqturasa da dinamikas. eleqtronul_cifrobriv manqanebze Seqmnili aseTi modeli saSualeba iZleva informaciis Semtani da gamomSvebi mowyobilobebis gamoyenebiT miwis sakadastro saqmiani qaRaldebi (formebi da dokumentebi) Seicvalos manqanebis magnituri mexsierebiT. amgvarad, informacia Senaxuli iqneba ara didi odenobiT qaRaldis dokumentebis saxiT, aramed magnitur diskebze da magnitur firebze. garda amisa, mexsierebis aseTi forma saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi programuli mimarTvis saSualebiT aucilebeli informaciis miRebis saSualebasac iZleva.

monacemebis bankis Seqmna iTvaliswinebs saWiro cnobebisa da normativebis Senaxvas magnitur mexsierebaSi. magaliTad, eleqtronul-cifrobrivi gamomTvleli manqanis mexsierebaSi SeiZleba Senaxuli iqnas adminisatraciuli raionebis, sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoebisa da kulturebis cnobarebi Sesabamisi sakadastro fasebiT da sxva informacia, romelic ucvleli rCeba drois SedarebiT didi monakveTSi (ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi).

amJamad Cveni respublikis sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoTa statistikur-ekonomikuri informaciis damuSaveba Sesabamisi dokumentebis SedgeniT mTlianad avtomatizebulia. gamoTvliTi teqnikis gamoyenebiT xdeba saSemfaseblo raionebis sabaziso mosavlianobebisa da sasoflo-sameurneo sawarmoTa Sefasebis saSualo balebis dadgena.M

ssr kavSirSi miwis kadastris samuSaoebis avtomatizaciis pirveli cdebi ganxorcielda ecgm minsk-32-ze. amJamad ki informaciuli damuSaveba warmoebs EC-is tipis Tanamedrove ecgm-ze, romelTa teqnikuri SesaZleblobebi bevrad aRemateba minskis tipis gamomTvlel manqanebs.

eleqtronuli cifruli manqanebis gamoyenebas bevri upiratesoba aqvs aqvs am samuSaoebis xeliT SerulebasTan. kerZod, igi aCqarebs miwis kadastrSi samuSaoebis Sesrulebas da qmnis praqtikul saqmianobaSi miwis saSemfaseblo monacemebis farTod gamoyenebis winapirobas; amaRlebs miRebuli monacemebis xarisxa, rac miwis racionalurad gamoyenebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani faqtoria. amJamad mimdinareobs miwis kadastris samuSaoebis avtomatizaciis srulyofa, es ki gulisxmobs miwis kadastris srul avtomatizacias. aRniSnuli, Tavis mxriv, gamoiwvevs adamianze dakisrebul uamrav sagamomTvlelo saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli erTferovani samuSaoebis wilis Semcirebas da aqedan gamomdinare, aramwarmoeblur sferoSi gamoyenebuli SromiTi resursebis raodenobis gamoTavisuflebis garantias iZleva.

miwis kadastris Sedgenisa da praqtikul saqmianobaSi miRebuli monacemebis gamoyenebis avtomatizacia moiTxovs didi raodenobiT organizaciuli, teqnikuri da ekonomikuri xasiaTis Teoriul-praqtikuli sakiTxebis gadawyvetas. gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba aqvs rogorc gamoyenebuli teqnikuri saSualebebis siaxles, ise am miznisaTvis specialistebis momzadebis dones. amitomac praqtikaSi xSirad dRis wesrigSi dgeba rigi saerTo problema, romelic dakavSirebulia informaciis Sekreba-damuSavebasTan, teqnikur-informaciuli da maTematikuri uzrunvelyofis analizTan da sxva sakiTxebTan.

calkeuli miwaTmosargeblis monacemebis meqanizebuli damuSavebis Sedegad adgenen raionis miwis balanss, xolo raionuli miwis balansebis safuZvelze avtonomiuri respublikebis, olqebis, mokavSire respublikebisa da qveynis Sesabamis dokumentebs.

8. miwis kadastris warmoebis srulyofa

miwis savargulebis aRricxva miwis kadastris, yvelaze uZvelesi, Semadgeneli nawilia, swored, miwaze manZilis gazomviT da martivi geometriuli figurebis farTobebis daangariSebiT Caeyara safuZveli maTematikur da geodeziur cnebebs, ganzomilebebs. miwaze sakuTrebis uflebis gaCenas Tan axlda sxvadasxva saxis garigebis warmoeba _ yidva-gayidva, gacvla, gaCuqeba, anderZiT datoveba, ijariT gacema, dagiraveba da a.S. saWiro iyo miwis nakveTis azomva farTo-ebis dadgena anu aRricxvis warmoeba. saqmis warmoebisaTvis Tavdapirvelad martivi sazomi iaraRebi iyo gamoyenebuli, SemdgomSi moxda misi gaumjobeseba. agegmvis samuSaoebis warmoeba xorcieldeboda TeodolitiT, menzuliT, niveliriT, Semovida aerosuraTebi da bolos kosmosuri gadaRebebi. bolo aTwleulebSi samcxe-javaxeTis mxaris teritoriaze Sedgenili iyo sxvadasxva masStabis rukebi warmatebiT iyo gamoyenebuli 1: 100000; 1: 50000; 1: 25000 da 1: 10000, romliTac mTlianadaa dafaruli teritoria. 1:10000 masStabis gegmur-kartografiuli masalebis mixedviT aRricxulia miwis savargulebi da dgeba raionis miwis balansi, tardeba miwaTmow-yobisa da miwis sakadastro samuSaoebi.

sadReisod arsebuli gegmur-kartografiuli masalebi mniSvnelovani naklovanebebiT xasiaTdeba, bevri maTgani moZvelebulia da gegmaze asaxuli situacia ar Seesabameba adgilze arsebul situaciur elementebis realobas. ver asaxavs miwis savargulebis taqsonebis faqtobriv realur mdgoma-reobas. Tu, meoce saukunis 50-70-ian wlebSi, miwis agegmviTi samuSaoebi SedarebiT kargi xarisxiT sruldeboda 80-ian wlebSi perestroikis dawyebidan sagrZnoblad iklo saqmis warmoebis donem. sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvliT, didi kataklizmebisa da ngrevis dawyebis gamo mTlianad Sewyda erovnuli meurneobis am mniSvnelovani dargis qmediTunarianoba. gaifanta kadrebi, ganadgurda sakvleva-Ziebo da saproeqto organizaciebi, laboratoriebi, daitaces xelsawyo iaraRebi. faqtobrivad saqmis warmoeba gaCerda. Tanamedrove moTxovnilebebi, wvrilkonturianoba da mraval-nakveTianoba moiTxovs Sesabamisi masStabis axali gegmur-kartografiuli masalis momzadebas, gegmaze situaciuri elementebis wyobisa da ganzomilebebis sworad asaxvas. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT Cveni qveynis dRevandel viTarebas, saWiro gegmur-kartografiuli masalebis momzadeba menzuluri da Teodolituri miwis zeda agegmvis saSualebiT, araxelsayre-li da SeuZlebelia. momavali saqmianoba unda warmarTos aerofotogadaRebisa da kosmosuri gadaRebis saSualebiT, ise rom samuSaos ZiriTadi nawili Sesruldes kameralurad (fototrianguliacia, suraTebis fototransformireba, farTobebis gamoangariSeba, amoxazva, gegmebisa da rukebis gamravleba), xolo meore nawili (dekodireba) _ savele piro-bebSi. miwebis kartografirebis procesSi unda monawileobdes avtomatizebuli gamzomi da maregistrirebeli Tanamedrove mowyobilobebi. fotografirebis kompleqsuroba da informaciis uzrunvelyofis optimizacia moiTxovs yvela saxis saaRricxvo elementis gegmaze da rukaze lakonurad asaxvas, grafikuli gamosaxulebebis saSualebebiT, logikurad dasabuTebuli sistemiT (simbolika, cifrobrivi da werilobiTi nawilebi) ise, rom yoveli mxriv gaizardos gegmis qmediTunarianoba, Tanamedrove doneze iqnes ayvanili misi Sinaarsi, forma, struqtura da unificireba, xelmisawvdomi gaxdes yvela momxmareblisaTvis. miwis savargulebis aRricxvis sizuste moiTxovs pirobiTi niSnebis srulyofas maTi Sinaarsisa da struqturuli Sedgenilobis mixedviT, adgilobrivi mravalferovani pirobebis gaTvaliswinebiT, grafikuli simbolikis sainformacio SeRebvisa da sxvaTa saSualebiT. gegmaze naTlad unda aisaxos yvela saaRricxvo elementi, ikiTxebodes garkveviT da uzrunvelyofdes msgavsebas. teq-nikuri procesebis srulyofisaTvis saWiroa msxvil-masStabian (1:5000, 1:2000) gegmaze zustad iqnes datanili saxelmwifo Tu kerZo sakuTrebis miwis savargulebi, masStabi unda SeirCes adgiulis konturianobis mixedviT. gegmaze naTlad unda aisaxos nakveTis (konturis) sazRvrebi, samijne niSnebi, xazis zemo warwerebi. aseTi detaluri da zusti aRricxvianobis gareSe sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi SeuZlebelia miwaze wesrigis damyareba _ miwaTmowyoba, miwis ijariT gacema, miwis gadasaxadis amoReba, miwis yidva, gaqiraveba, dagiraveba, gaCuqeba, anderZiT gadacema da sxva. dasazustebulia miwebis kategoriebad dayofa da savargulebis klasifikacia.

miwis savargulebis aRricxvis, bonitirebis, registraciis, miwebis Sefasebis, aseve samiwaTmowyobo samuSaoebis warmoebis safuZvelia maRali xarisxis sabazo da sakadastro gegmebis Sedgena. upirvelesad, saWiroa samuSao teritoriis agegmva srulyofili 1:10000, 1:5000 da 1:2000 masStabis masalebze, romelzec masStabis Sesatyvisad iqneba asaxuli da datanili yvela situaciuri elementi, Sedgenili miwebis eqsplikacia da miwis balansi.

saSualod da normalurad iTvleba farTobis datvirTva, Tu erT kv.dm-ze 30 situaciur elementze meti ar aris. samuSao obieqtis teritoriaze 1:2000 masStabis gegmebi gamoi-yeneba 100-dan 300-mde heqtari miwis farTobis gegmis Sedgenis dros, rodesac konturis saSualo farTobi 0,3 ha-mdea, 1:5000-iani masStabis 300-dan 1 000 heqtramde Tu TiToeuli konturis saSualo farTobi 0,75 ha-mdea da yvelaze mcire konturis farTobi 0,01 ha-mdea. 1:10000 masSabis gegma vargisia 1000-dan 10000 heqtramde farTobis mqone miwaTsargeblobisaTvis, Tu konturis saSualo farTobi 10 heqtramdea da yvelaze mcire konturis farTobi 0,04 heqtaria. 1:25000 masStabis ruka gamoiyeneba 10000-dan 40000 heqtramde, rodesac konturis farTobi 50 heqtramdea da umciresi konturis far-Tobi 0,25 heq-taria.

aRniSnuli sabaziso gegmis mixedviT unda Sedges saka-dastro rukebi miwaTsakuTrebisa Tu miwaTsargeblobis mixedviT. sakvlevi obieqtis kartografirebis detalurad Seswavlam naTelyo, rom teritoria mTlianadaa dafaruli samuSaoebis sawarmoeblad xelsayreli 1980-88 wlebSi damzadebuli 1: 10000 masStabis aerogadaRebis gegmebiT. isini kargi xarisxisaa da instrumentaluri koreqturis CatarebiT, warmatebiT SeiZleba maTi gamoyeneba samuSao obieqtis sabazo gegmad. gegmam da rukam saSualeba unda mogvces srulyo-filad mivaRwioT geoinformaciul uzrunvelyofas Semdegi monacemebis mixedviT: teritoriis landSafturi erTeulebis daxasiaTebis _ sivrce, reliefi, niadagebi, klimati, hidrologia, konturianoba da sxva; miwebis gamoyenebis samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi, meurneobriobis formebi, specializacia, miwebis produqtiuloba, Semosavlianobis sidide, sabanko operaciebi, miwaze garigebaTa saxeobebi, miwis fasi, gadasaxadi, teritoriis uzrunvelyofa gegmur-kartografiuli masalebiT, kartografiuli meTodis komunikaciuri funqciebi, savargulebis struqtura, ganlageba, miwaT-mowyobis xerxebi da meTo-debi, miwebis kontroli.

geoinformaciuli monacemebi unda damuSavdes _ Segrovebis, damuSavebis, analizis da saxelmwifo kontrolis sistemebis mixedviT.

sakvlev teritoriaze misi reliefuri, orografiuli, teritoriis gadakveTilobis, konturianobis, miwaTmesakuTreTa da miwaTmosargebleTa raodenobis, farTobTa zomis gaTvaliswinebiT, mizanSewonilad migvaCnia sakadastro rukebi Sesdges 1:2000 an 1:1000 masStabis masalebze. swored aseTi masStabi iZleva SesaZleblobas gegmaze naTlad Candes da aisaxos mcire farTobis mqone konturebi, romlebic gvaqvs sakvlev obieqtze. gegmaze asaxuli unda iyos sakadastro zona _ orniSna cifriT, seqtori, kvartali TiToeuli orniS-na cifriT da miwis nakveTi samniSna cifriT. aseTi sakadastro ruka mogvcems SesaZleblobas srulyofilad avgegmoT farTobi, SevadginoT miwebis eqsplikacia, miwis balansi, vawarmooT registracia. Cvens mier momzadebuli sakuTrebis Tu sargeblobis uflebis dokumenti gavxadoT zusti, saimedo da sando.

bonitireba _ (laTinuri sityvaa_keTilxarisxovneba) nia-dagmcodneobaSi ixmareba, rogorc niadagis xarisxis (nayofierebis) Sefasebis maCvenebeli, misi qimiur-fizikuri Tvisebebisa da niadagis produqtiulobis mixedviT. niadagis xarisxis, nayofierebis donis gansazRvras gadamwyveti mniSvneloba eniWeba miwis saheqtaro fasis dadgenisa da sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis warmoebis sworad organizaciis TvalTaxedviT. TiTo miwis nakveTis xarisxis Sefaseba war-moebs niadagis nayofierebisa da misi adgilmdebareobis xaris-xis mixedviT. socializmis dros miwis xarisxis dasadgenad iyenebdnen rogorc niadagis bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis parametrebs, aseve farTobidan miRebuli produqciis sidides. Sefaseba xdeboda 100 baliani sistemiT. miRebuli Sedegebi gamoyenebuli iyo sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis sworad da mizanSewonilad gaadgilebis uzrunvelsayofad, zog SemTxvevaSi produqciis Sesyidvis fasebis dasadgenad. sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi sul sxva datvirTva SeiZina miwis zusti Rirebulebis (fasis) dadgenam _ miwa gaxda umniSvnelovanesi saqonelbrunvis obieqti da adamianis yofa-cxovrebis donis gansazRvris mTavari atributi.

miwis xarisxis Sesafasebeli balis gansazRvrisaTvis safuZvlianad unda iqnes Seswavlili miwis nakveTis bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebi da produqciis miRebis SesaZlebloba. nebismieri mcenare miuxedavad misi biologiuri Taviseburebebisa produqtia sinaTlis, siTbos, wylis, haerisa da sakvebi nivTierebebis. mcenare gansxvavebul moTxovnebs iCens bunebrivi pirobebis komponentebisadmi, Taviseburad reagirebs bunebriv niSan-Tvisebebze. ase, rom miwis xarisxis dasadgenad didi mniSvneloba aqvs warmoebuli kulturis moTxovnilebebis gaTvaliswinebas. erTi kulturisaTvis SeiZleba Sefasdes Zvirad da meoresaTvis iafad. miwis xarisxis Sefasebis obieqtad miRebulia bunebriv-sameurneo raioni, landSafti, masivi, konturebis jgufi, nakveTi da konturi. dRemde warmoebuli niadagis gamokvlevis masalebis Seswavla cxadyofs, rom gansakuTrebuli yuradReba eqceoda niadagSi arsebuli humusis procentuli Semadgenlobis Seswavlas, azotis, fosforis, kaliumis da STanqmuli fuZeebis sidideebis gansazRvras da fizikuri Tixis fraqciebis dadgenas. swored, aRniSnuli monacemebisa da centraluri statistikuri sammarTvelodan miRebuli saSualo mosavlianobis mixedviT dgindeba miwis saSemfaseblo balis sidide. rac, ra Tqma, unda ver asaxavs miwis konkretuli nakveTis xarisxis sizustes. im mizans rasac maSindeli moTxovnilebebi gulisxmobda aseTi kvlevis Sedegi akmayofilebda kidevac. rac Seexeba sadReiso moTxovnebs saWiroebs miwis TiToeuli konturis xarisxis zust dadgenas _ bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis da SesaZlo mosavlianobis gansazRvras da maTi korelaciuri kavSire-bis gamoyenebiT miwis saSemfaseblo balis dadgenas.

sakvlev zonaSi niadagebis bonitetis warmoeba mizan-Sewonilia bunebriv-sameurneo raionebis mixedviT: axalcixis qvabuli, samxreT mTianeTi, javaxeTis zegani da javaxeTis mTianeTi. bonitirebis Catareba gaTvaliswinebulia 100 baliani sistemiT kargidan cudamde. saSemfaseblo balis sididis meTodi aRebuli gvaqvs prof. n. turabeliZis naSromidan miwis fasis gansazRvris meTodika, romelic Cvenis Rrma rwmeniT srulad asaxavs niadagis bonitirebis srulyofil process da pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs. ZiriTad diagnostikur maCveneblebad miRebulia: humusis procentuli Semcveloba, humusis horizontis siRrme (sm-iT), humusis maragi t/ha-ze,sakvebi elementebi _ azoti, fosfori, kaliumis maragi t/ha-ze, STanTqmuli fuZeebis jami _ Ca, Mg, Na miligram ekvivalentobiT, 100 gram niadagSi niadagis meqanikuri _ granulometruli Sedgeniloba _ fizikuri Tixa, klimaturi pirobebis amsaxveli hidroTermuli koeficienti, niadagis winaaRmdegoba-simagre, mJavianoba PH _PH da kontu-rianoba (saqcevis sigrZe, konfiguracia, nakveTis danawevrebis xarisxi), aRniSnuli niSan-Tvisebebi damaxasiaTebelia miwis yvela konturisaTvis. maTi saSualo bali gvaZlevs saSemfaseblo balis sidides. aRniSnulSi unda SevitanoT miwis produqtiulobis mimarT uaryofiTad an dadebiTad moqmedi mov-lenebis amsaxvelo koeficientebi (niadagis eroziuloba, daqvianeba, damlaSeba, bicobianoba, daWaobeba da gakultureba) romlebic arc Tu ise xSiri SemTxvevaa. iSviaTad Tanmdevi samze meti koeficientis Setana dasaSvebia maSin Tu TiToeulis mniSvneloba uaxlovdeba erTs (0,8 0,9) mcire koefi-cienti sasurvel Sedegs ar iZleva.

niadagSi arsebuli nebismieri nivTierebis maragis sidide ganisazRvreba formuliT:

R=D*P*

sadac R _ naerTis maragia t/ha-ze; D _ genezisuri horizontis siRrme (sm); P _ moculobiTi wona gr/sm3; _ naerTis procen-tuli Semcveloba % niadagis saerTo wonasTan. balis sidide iangariSeba formuliT

Mf

B= ----------- * 100

Met

Mf- 2(Mf- Met)

B=------------------------------ *100 Met

B_ niSanTvisebis balia; Mf _ niSanTvisebebis faqtobrivi mniSvneloba; Met _ niSanTvisebebis etaloni_maqsimaluri mniSvneloba.

hidroTermuli koeficienti gaangariSebulia formuliT:

PK=-------------- t:10

sadac: P_ aris Tbil periodSi mosuli atmosferuli naleqebis jami; t_100-ze meti temperaturaTa jami Tbil periodSi;

niadagis simagre ganisazRvreba

R=K*a*b

sadac:

R_ guTnis wevis winaaRmdegoba; K _ niadagis xvedriTi winaaRmdegoba; a _ xvnis siRrme; b _ guTnis modebis gani sm.

konturianobis bali gaangariSebulia

Bsaqc.sigrZe +Bkont.

B k= ------------------------------------ Kdak. *Kdaxr.

2

sadac: B k _ konturianobis balia; Bsaqc.sigrZe_ konturis saqce-vis sigrZis balia; Bkont._ konturis konfiguraciis balia; Kdak. _ konturis dakuwvis koeficienti; Kdaxr._ konturis far-Tobis daxrilobis amsaxveli koeficienti.

bunebrivi niSanTvisebaTa baluri sididis dadgenis Semdeg gaiangariSeba mosavlianobis bali. 100 balis Sesatyvisi saSualo saheqtaro mosavlianoba (normaluri agroteqnikuri RonisZiebebis SemTxvevaSi) aRebuli unda iqnes samecniero kvleviTi institutebis, sacdeli dawesebulebebis da mowinave sawarmoebis mier miRebuli mosavlianobebis mixedviT. aRniSnulis Sesabamisad gaiangariSeba danarCeni sidideebi. Tu bunebriv niSan-TvisebaTa mixedviT miRebuli saSualo balisa da mosavlianobis mixedviT miRebul bals Soris sxvaoba 10% ar aRemateba, maSin samuSao damakmayofileblad iTvleba. bunebrivi niSan-Tvisebebis balis gavlenis wilobrivi sidide mosavlianobis balze (maT Soris korelaciuri kavSirebis koeficientis zoma) dgindeba determinaciis koeficientiT (igi korelaciuri koeficientis kvadratis tolia), Semdeg bunebriv niSan-TvisebaTa saSualo Sewonili baliT (igi miiReba determinaciis koeficientis gamravlebiT TiToeul niSan-TvisebaTa balze da maTi jamuri sididis gayofiT koeficientebis raodenobaze).

bonitetis saSualo balisa da mosavlianobis balis SefardebiT ganisazRvreba saSemfaseblo mosavlianobisa da saSualo baluri sididis saSualo mosavlianoba da mosavlianobis saSualo baluri sidide iyofa bonitetis saSualo balianobaze miRebuli koeficientebi mravldeba bonitetis danarCen balebze _ miviRebT saSemfaeblo mosavlianobas da saSemfaseblo bals. aseTi gaangariSebis safuZvelze xdeba niadagis nayofierebis xarisxis asaxva saSemfaseblo balebSi. balis gansazRvris aRniSnuli meTodi sakmaod zusti, saimedo da utyuari xerxia. praqtikulad saqmis warmoebisaTvis SemuSavebulia da stamburi wesiT gamocemuli TiToeuli qmedebis amsaxveli cxrilebi vfiqrobT is metad saWiro sakadastro samuSaoebi, romlebic Casata-rebelia ara marto sakvlevi obieqtis, aramed mTeli saqarTvelos miwis fondis masStabiT. amiT uzrunvelyofili iqneba miwis namdvili xarisxis dadgena da saboloo jamSi misi realuri fasis gansazRvra.

miwis (uZravi qonebis) registracia miwisa da masze myarad damagrebuli warmoebis sxva saSualebebis dacvisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis organizaciis umniSvnelovanesi atributia. registracia ama Tu im movlenis dasrulebulad aRiarebis dafiqsirebisa da dokumentalurad gaformebis amsaxveli moqmedebaa. uZravi qonebis registracia niSnavs misi sazRvrebis, formis, konfiguraciis, raodenobis, Tvisebis, samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis sabolood aRiarebis, qonebaze sakuTrebis Tu sargeblobis uflebis realurad arsebobis dasturs. miwis registraciis sagania nivTebisa da uflebis mqone pirebs Soris urTierTmimarTeba da pasuxobs kiTxvebze: vin rogor. irkveva vinaa miwis nakveTis WeSmariti mesakuTre, mflobeli Tu mosargeble da rogori uflebebiT. Cven sruliad veTanxmebiT da sworad migvaCnia miwis registraciis, rogorc kadastris erT-erT umniSvnelovanesi komponentis qar-Tuli gageba da aRiareba. warmoudgenelia sakadastro samu-Saoebis ganxilva miwis, rogorc uZravi qonebis registraciis gareSe. swored dasrulebulma miwis kadastrma unda upasuxos yvela kiTxvas sad, ramdeni, vin, rogor. aseTi TanmimdevrobiT Catarebuli moqmedebebi da miRebuli Sedegi SeiZleba iyos saimedo da sando _ nivTze uflebis aRiarebis dasrulebuli procesi.

miwis mimarT uflebaTa saxelmwifo registraciis (Semd-gomSi miwis registraciis) mizania miwis nakveTis, miwis nakveTisa da masTan uZravad dakavSirebuli qonebis (SemdgomSi uZravi qonebis) mimarT uflebaTa warmoSobis _ gadacemis (gadasvlis), SezRudvis an Sewyvetis aRiareba da dadastureba saxelmwifos mier Cawerilia saqarTvelos kanonSi.

miwebis registracia uzrunvelyofs uZrav qonebaze uflebis SeZenas, gamoyeneba-gankargvis usafrTxoebas, gadasa-xadis marTebulad gaweras, miwebis kontrols da davebis Semcirebas, miwebis dacvisa da racionalurad gamoyenebis, utyuar informacias, miwaze sxvadasxva saxis garigebaTa iafad da swrafad warmoebas.

msoflioSi gavrcelebuli da moqmedi registraciis sis-temebis Seswavla maTi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi mxareebis analizi naTelyofs, rom gamomdinare saqarTvelos mravalferovani bunebrivi, socialur-ekonomikuri, demografiuli pirobebidan, sabazro ekonomikaze gadasvlisa da miwis, rogorc saqonelbrunvis umniSvnelovanesi nivTis, sagnis dafuZnebisa, dRis wesrigSi dadga miwisa da sxva uZravi qonebis regist-raciis procesis srulyofis aucilebloba _ saqmis warmoebis sizustis, gaweuli xarjebis Semcirebis, saqmianobis gaadvilebisa da xelsayrelobis miRweva, miTumetes dRes, rodesac qveyanaSi mimdinareobs saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli maRalintensiuri sasoflo-sameurneo miwis savargulebis pri-vatizebis farTo procesi.

saqarTvelos miwis savargulebis registraciis kanonis mesame muxlis Tanaxmad miwebis registraciis mizania uZravi qonebis mimarT uflebaTa warmoqmnis, gadacemis, SezRudvis, Sewyvetis aRiareba da aRiarebis dasturi saxelmwifos mier. informaciis SetaniT sajaro reestrSi saxelmwifo aRiarebs da icavs mesakuTris kanonier uflebas. saregistracio informaciis saWiroebiT moqalaqes ufleba eZleva yovelgvari SezRudvis gareSe miiRos informacia nebismieri qonebis Sesaxeb. rogoricaa nakiveTis farTobi, misi adgilmdebareobis, sasazR-vro wertilebis koordinatebis, sakuTrebis formis, mesakuTris inicialebis da misamarTis, saregistracio nomris, savargulis saxis, gamoyenebis miznis, garigebaze sargeblobis Taobaze, nakveTSi arsebuli Senoba-nagebobis, tyiTa da wyliT dakavebuli farTobis, miwis nakveTis xarisxis, ekologiuri mdgomareobis, moqmedi uaryofiTi movlenebis (niadagis erozia, damlaSeba, bicobianoba da sxva) da miwis bazris mdgomareobis Sesaxeb. saxelmwifos SesaZlebloba eZleva gaataros fiskaluri politika da awarmoos kontroli.

saqarTvelos 1996 wlis 14 noembers miRebuli kanonis miwis registraciis Sesaxeb Tanaxmad samcxe-javaxeTis mxare gayofilia 6 saregistraqcio zonad _ administraciuli raionebis WrilSi. saregistracio zonis sazRvari SeTavsebulia administraciuli raionis sazRvarTan. TiToeul zonas mini-Webuli aqvs orniSna saregistracio kodi (axalcixis raioni _ 62). Tavis mxriv saregistracio zonis teritoria dayofilia seqtorebad (sakrebuloebis mixedviT) seqtors miniWebuli aqvs individualuri orniSna saregistracio kodi. mag: axalcixis zona dayofilia 16 seqtorad. seqtori dayofilia kvartlebad misi nomeri orniSnaa 01 _ 99 CaTvliT. sakrebuloSi Semavali TiToeuli kvartlis nomeri emTxveva sakrebuloSi Semaval soflis istoriul sazRvrebs. qalaqi axalcixe dayofilia 4 kvartlad (seqtori #9) kvartali iyofa nakveTebad da blokebad. kvartalSi 200-dan _ 300-mde nakveTia. nakveTebi erTmaneTisagan gamijnulia bunebrivi zRudeebiT (Rele, gza, xevi, arxi da a.S.) TiToeul nakveTSi moqceulia 50-80 miwaT-mosargeble da miwaTmesakuTre. amitom miwaTmosargebleebs vajgufebT blokebad da amitom misi nomeric orniSnaa. Cven SemTxvevaSi saregistracio kodi gamodis 5 cifriani. aseTi dayofis xerxi gamoyenebulia ek. mec. kan. g. bucxrikiZis mixedviT. 4 cifriani dayofis wesi, romelic rekomendebulia saqarTvelos saxelmwifo miwis departamentis debulebis mixedviT nakveTebis wvrilkonturianobis gamo igi uaryofili iqna, vinaidan bevri 40 m.kv. farTobis mqone nakveTis datana 4 cifrian rukaze SeuZlebeli iyo xolo 5 cifriT ufro iolia da TvalsaCino. amiT gaadvilebulia miwis nakveTis registrirebis SesaZleblobac.

dReisaTvis saqarTveloSi gamoyenebulia miwebis registraciis sistemuri da sporaduli meTodebi. sistemuri meTodi gulisxmobs romelime kompetenturi organizaciis mier (konkursSi gamarjvebuli _ msoflio bankis miwis registraciis ganyofileba) sakrebulos mixedviT msxvil masStabSi yvela kategoriis miwis agegmvas TiToeuli konturisagan nakveTis farTobebis dazustebas, dokumentaciis gaformebas da miwaTmesakuTreze Tu miwaTmosargebleze saregistracio mowmobebis gadacemis. am SemTxvevaSi miwaTmosargeblis mier samuSaos Taobaze gancxadebis Setana saWiro ar aris. ganacxadis Setana saWiroa mxolod miwis ijariT miRebisas da arasasoflo sameurneo daniSnulebis miwebis registraciis SemTxvevaSi. saregistracio mosakreblis, qonebis gadacemis, dasabegri Tanxisa da miwis saregistracio Tanxis asakrefad.

sporaduli registracia iwyeba ganmcxadeblis mier re-gistraturaSi gancxadebisa da uflebis mamkvidrebeli sabu-Tis wardgeniT. registraciis es meTodi analogiuria yvela saxis uZravi qonebis saregistraciod. ganacxadi inomreba sajaro reestris Canaweris mixedviT. gancxadebis nomeri Sedgeba raionis orniSna kodis, wlis bolo ori cifris da ganacxadis reestrSi Canaweri 5 cifriT. nomeri sul 9 niSniania. ganacxadSi miTiTebulia TandarTuli sabuTebis sia. Sevsebuli saregistracio mowmobis ukana gverze Tan erTvis sakadastro ruka msxvil masStabSi 1:500, 1:1000, 1:2000.

sporaduli da sistemuri meTodebis miwebis registraciis xarisxis Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, rom am meTodebidan gacilebiT zusti, yovlismomcveli da universaluria sistemuri me-Todi. am SemTxvevaSi erTdroulad xdeba teritoriis yvela miwis konturis agegmva. gaadvilebulia, rogorc nakveTis agegmvis, aseve farTobis gamoangariSebis sizustis Semowmeba da dasaSvebi cdomilebis sididis dadgena. gegma dgeba myar qaRaldze. mzaddeba digitaluri anu kompiuteruli rukebi _ saWiro masSabSi, samuSao sruldeba mTliani obieqtis (sak-rebulos, meurneobis, kooperativis da sxvaTa) mixedviT. zus-tia Sedgenili miwis balansi da advili amosacnobia adgilze miwis nakveTi. rac Seexeba miwebis registraciis sporadul meTods, am SemTxvevaSi miwis nakveTis azomva, agegmva, amoxazva da farTobebis daangariSeba, sruldeba TiToeuli mesakuT-risa Tu mosargeblis gancxadebis mixedviT, samuSaoebi teri-toriaze sruldeba erTimeorisagan mowyvetiT, gamoricxulia mosazRvre miwis nakveTis sizustis SemowmebiT, calkeuli konturebis farTobebis mibma samuSao obieqtis mTlian farTobTan. mosazRvre miwebis dadgena Seucdomlad da sxva. ra Tqma unda samuSaos aseTi meTodiT warmoeba gansakuTrebiT Zviri jdeba da misgan sargeblianobac naklebia. amitom erTaderTi xelsayreli, momgebiani, zusti da efeqturia miwebis regist-racia sistemuri meTodiT.

registracia or etapad warmoebs _ pirveladi da meoradi. pirveladi registracia gulisxmobs uZravi qonebis registraciis Sesaxeb ganacxadis gakeTebas. ganacxadi Tan darTuli dokumentaciiT tardeba sajaro reestrSi. reestrSi aisaxeba uZravi qonebis mimarT uflebis warmoSobisa da cvlilebebis statusi, qonebis mimarT arsebuli yvela moqmedeba. meoradi registraciis safuZveli aris pirveladi registracia. meoradi regisracia moicavs miwaze yvela saxis uflebis daregistrirebas. warmodgenili unda iqnes yvela saxis saWiro dokumenti.

miwis Sefaseba _ miwis kadastris erT-erTi umniSvnelova-nesi Semadgeneli nawilia. miwis saheqtaro fasis dadgenis meTodikis sworad SerCeva da misi mixedviT sakadastro obieqtis TiToeuli konturis da miwaTsargeblobis saerTo farTobis fuladi Rirebulebis sworad gansazRvra erovnuli meurneobis samarTlebrivi meqanizmis saimedo da utyuari berketia.

miwaze kerZo sakuTrebis institutis damkvidrebisa da sxvadasxva saxis garigebaTa warmoebis nebadarTulobis aRiarebis kvalobaze saWiro Seiqmna sworad iyos gansazRvruli, dadgenili miwis TiToeuli konturis saheqtaro Rirebulebis normatiuli maCvenebeli. amiT xeli Seewyoba miwis bazris funqcionirebis srulyofas, miwaze garigebaTa warmoebis gaadvilebas, miwis produqtiulobisa da nayofierebis amaRle-bis RonisZiebebis efeqturad Catarebis, sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis mizanSewonilad gaadgilebis uzrunvelyofas da sagadasaxado saqmianobis efeqtianobis amaRlebas.

miwis fasis gansazRvris meTodebi da xerxebi_ msoflios civilizebul qveynebSi sxvadasxvanairadaa SemuSavebuli da gamoyenebuli _diferencirebuli 1, 2 da monopolisturi rentiT, miwis gadasaxadis dotaciis jamisa da inflaciis indeqsiT, diskontirebuli Semosavlis (Tamasuqis ganaRdeba) mixedviT. xSirad iyeneben gayidvis Sedarebis, fotosinTeziT gardaqmnili produqtebis energiis maragis sidides humusSi. gamoiyeneba karl marqsis mier SemuSavebuli meTodi, romlis mixedviTac miwis fasi tolia im Tanxisa, romelic bankSi Senaxvisas iZleva imden Semosavals daricxuli procentis Se-sabamisad, ramdensac aZlevs miwis mesakuTres imave nakveTze miRebuli miwis renta. am SemTxvevaSi rac metia miwis renta, miT metia misi fasi da rac metia procenti miT naklebia misi fasi.

miwis fasis gansazRvris meTodebi, romlebic gamoi-yeneboda saqarTveloSi, dafuZnebulia sargeblianobis (Semo-savlianobis) principebze. prof. v. burkaZis mier SemuSavebuli meTodi eyrdnoboda farTobis erTeulidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis sididesa da mis kapitalizaciis koeficients (20). meTodi warmatebiT gamoiyeneboda, rodesac maRal doneze iyo farTobis erTeulidan miRebuli wminda Semosavlis aRricxvianoba, iwarmoeboda imdroindel kolmeurneobebsa da sabWoTa meurneobebSi. prof. n. turabeliZis mier damuSavebul meTodikaSi miwis xarisxisa da Semosavlianobis gaTvaliswinebiTaa gansazRvruli miwis saheqtaro fasi mcxeTis raio-nis muxranis meurneobis saxnavi miwebis magaliTze. angariSi nawarmoebia miwis nakveTis bunebriv pirobaTa niSan-Tvisebebis mixedviT miRebuli saSemfaseblo balisa da produqtiulobis mixedviT miRebuli saSemfaseblo balis