Soile Aatos

GTK Geomodelling Services to Mining Companies

GTK Stakeholder Seminar 07.05.2013 Hotel Scandic

Kuopio, Finland

Surpac model: J. Luukas

Soile Aatos

Contents of this presentation • Viewing some main aspects of the geomodelling capacity of GTK

Eastern Finland Office • Visualising examples of modelling work and developments Geomodelling of bedrock, Quaternary cover and ore deposit

features for exploration and mining in 2D-3D(-4D) • Data • Mapping and prospecting by geomodelling • Ore deposit modelling and resource evaluation • Computational modelling

Soile Aatos

Our 2D-3D modelling mineral exploration people in GTK Eastern Finland Office at your service • Bedrock geology: J. Luukas, P. Sorjonen-Ward, S. Aatos • Exploration geology: S. Aatos (regional), J. Hokka (active GTK

project targets) • Exploration and computational geophysics: J. Lerssi, M.

Niskanen, S. Niemi, A. Ruotsalainen • Exploration and computational geochemistry: S. Aatos • Mineral resource evaluation: E. Koistinen from 1.8.2013 on • Mineral resource modeling: E. Koistinen, J. Hokka, S. Aatos • Contact persons (firstname.surname[at]gtk.fi):

– Geologist Soile Aatos (3D geological modelling) – Senior Scientist Esko Koistinen (mineral resource evaluation, QP)

Soile Aatos

Our tools for bedrock, Quaternary cover and ore deposit modelling and visualisation • Statistics: IBM SPSS Statistics 21 (R) • Pattern recognition: SiroSOM (Matlab) • (Image processing: eCognition Developer 8.8) • Geochemistry: GCDKit • 2D-3D GIS for prospecting: ArcGIS 10.1, ArcSDM, Target for ArcGIS • Geological 3D modelling: Surpac 6.3 (gOcad for academic purposes

only) • Ore deposit 3D modelling for ore evaluation: Surpac 6.3, GEMS (gOcad

for academic purposes only) • Geophysics: Encom ModelVision, Geosoft (e.g. VOXI), Emigma • 3D vision, 3D laboratory: FracSIS (GeoVisionary)

GTK data production and services for modelling • National INSPIRE body of geodata • Nationwide GIS data production and waring services are being developed

actively in co-operation with global and European colleague developers – Digital GIS databases, e.g. DigiKP (bedrock geology), FODD (ore

deposits) • Data acquisition scales from regional to targeted, funded by state, joint

ventures and customers • Digitalising also old data • Digital data archives and products, e.g.

– Library reference databases – Observations, geophysical and geochemical measurements in GIS – Drillhole and exploration data archives and databases – Layman’s samples – Existing models

Soile Aatos

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Recovering old drilling and mine data to 3D

Digital image and drilling data: Outokumpu Oy, Pahtavuoma Mine (GTK/Northern Finland Office) 3D modelling: S. Aatos (ISY)

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Solid model of Lampinsaari orebody (originating from old mine data)

Skma

Fekma

Znma

12 10

13 11 9

8 7

6 5

4 1 2

3

3D model: P. Heino

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Block model of the Lampinsaari orebody (originating from old mine data)

200-10000

10000-30000

30000-50000

50000-100000

100000-150000

150000-220000

Zn - ppm

3D-model: P. Heino (ISY)

Soile Aatos

Common practicalities • Data policy (e.g. ownership, usage, publicity, pricing) • Mineral resource classification policy, when needed • Coordinate system (JHS recommendations in Finland/GTK:

EUREF-FIN) • Quality: data (e.g. accuracy, metadata), model (e.g. uncertainty),

personnel (e.g. QP status, when needed) • Compatibility of various data, database and model formats and

resolution of the data: e.g. ASCII (.txt), spread-sheet (.xls), database (.mdb), GIS (.shp), CAD (.dxf), image (.jpg, .tif), GRID (.grd)

• Importing and exporting 2D-3D data and models • Sought data and product types

Mapping and prospecting by geomodelling

10 Soile Aatos 8.5.2013

Geophysical model data: Jouni Lerssi, Matti Niskanen 3D modelling and visualisation: Soile Aatos

Soile Aatos

Building up a 3D geomodel Geological data conversions from GIS to 3D

Bedrock geological database: DigiKP Surpac processing: S. Aatos

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Case I: Building up a 3D geological model 2D planes in 3D space from geological data

3D model: Jouni Luukas

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Valmiita 2D-leikkauksia ja -tasoja 3D-avaruudessa

3D-malli: J. Luukas (ISY)

Case I: Building up a 3D model 2D planes and 3D solids from geological data

3D model: J. Luukas

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Case II: Building up an integrated 3D model Integrated geodata for 3D interpretation

1. Tekstiä 2. Tekstiä

Digital bedrock map data: DigiKP 3D sketch of geology in Surpac: S. Aatos Magnetic worms data: J. Lerssi

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Case II: Building up an integrated 3D model Interpreting computational model data by hand

3D modelling: S. Aatos Original worms model data: J. Lerssi

Soile Aatos

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Case II: Building up an integrated 3D model Utilising image and GIS data together

2D bedrock: DigiKP HIRE model: I. Kukkonen Surpac models: S. Aatos

Soile Aatos

The next generation of geological models will be in 4D • A conceptualised 4D geological model created and constructed in

3D by J. Luukas • ProMine project (2009-2013), work package 2

• bimodal felsic and mafic early arc volcanism

• lavas, breccias and porphyries

• subvolcanic felsic intrusion

Pyhäsalmi group (~1930-1925 Ma)

• felsic to mafic early arc volcanism

• abundant volcaniclastics

• calc silicate rocks • subvolcanic felsic

intrusion

Vihanti group (~1925 -1920 Ma) Vihanti model

Pyhäsalmi model

The main volcanic units of the Pyhäsalmi-Vihanti ore district

Geology layout: J. Kousa, geological data: DigiKP

Soile Aatos

Modelling for prospecting purposes

• Prospectivity modelling is mainly carried out in 2D, i.e. integrated, computational GIS geomodels, but results can also be visualised in 3D

• Lithogeochemical 2D models and 3D modelling: S. Aatos

Developing Deep Mining Camp Exploration User needs • More systematic and efficient mineral exploration • Shallow parts being already explored and existing deposits more

rapidly consumed, need to go deeper (< 5 km) Solution • Integrated application of state-of-the-art deep exploration methods

and Common Earth Modeling (CEM) concept with best available data and compiled new data

Benefits • Deep exploration and modeling methods and skills development for

Finnish conditions and experts • Resource potential given in 3D • Improved international exploration, research and knowledge

dissemination network Users • Mining, exploration and consulting companies • Geoscience institutes, universities

27 Tekes Green Mining kick off/Soile Aatos (Geological Survey of Finland) & Ilmo Kukkonen (University of Helsinki) 21.01.2013

Over hundred years of mineral exploration and mining give prestigious prominence to Outokumpu ore belt acting as the project target area.

Soile Aatos

Ore deposit modelling and resource evaluation can be realised in more standardised ways

3D ore deposit model and resource evaluation: E. Koistinen et al. (2010)

Soile Aatos

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Kuuhkamo

Geological 3D model: J. Luukas

3D-model of the mineralisation: P. Heino

Soile Aatos

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Vihanti

Geological and mine models by J. Luukas

Kuva-ala / paikka kaaviolle 244x114mm (100dpi)

Soile Aatos

Ore deposit modelling techniques can be used for mine-scale geological interpretations, too: The D4 structural model of Pyhäsalmi mine

3D structural interpretation and modelling: J. Luukas

Mobilised parts

F4

Inversion model of regional gravity data

Soile Aatos

3D computational modelling: A. Ruotsalainen in ProMine project (2009-2013), work package 2