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Graphite is more than just pressed carbon.
To us, GTD Graphit Technologie GmbH, it
is inspiring, fascinating and exciting at the
same time.
We specialize in the most demanding
graphite and CFC applications. We consider
ourselves to be creators of ideas, develop-
ment partners and suppliers for the most
diverse companies and industries. As a
subsidiary of Toyo Tanso Ltd., the world’s
leading supplier for isostatically pressed
fi ne-grain graphites, we have a market po-
sition that opens up doors for us and pro-
vides our customers with security.
We Think in Graphite
It is our aim to tread new ground in coop-
eration with our customers, optimize proc-
esses, protect the environment and become
a little better every day.
We work with
Graphite
CFC
Carbon graphite
Graphite foil
Coated graphites
& CFC
3
Our Fields of Competence
Our standardized and individual solutions
are based on graphite production from
planning all the way to processing by a sin-
gle company. They stand for high economic
effi ciency and outstanding quality coupled
with maximum supply capability.
They help our customers gain long-term
competitive advantages especially in the
fi eld of electric discharge machining. We
supply graphites for electrodes, semi-
fi nished products and electrode blanks
with “ready-to-clamp” hole patterns.
Moreover, we offer special designs of all
kinds to our customers.
Fields of Application
Roughing
Finishing
Fine and super-fi ne fi nishing
Semi-fi nished products
Electrode blanks with “ready-to-clamp”
hole patterns
4
Advantages of Graphite
Positive Market Development
Due to its technical and economical perfor-
mance, graphite continues to gain ground
as an electrode material in spite of the fea-
tures offered by high-speed cutting (HSC)
in hardened steel. The market will expand
further in the coming years especially in
Germany.
Outstanding Material Properties
We only use isostatically pressed graph-
ites from Toyo Tanso. Their extremely high
thermal stability allows for high current
densities and their low expansion coeffi -
cient results in minimal longitudinal expan-
sion and thus the highest eroding precision.
Compared to copper, even large electrodes
have only minimal moments of inertia be-
cause of their low density.
Advantages of Standardization
We offer our customers all common sizes
of standard semi-fi nished products for elec-
trodes ex warehouse because we want to
exploit the economic advantages of graph-
ite as far as possible. This saves time and
cost for in-house machining.
Advantages of Special Solutions
Thanks to our long-term experience we are
able to solve complex problems in-house
and thus guarantee quality by a single
company.
Copper
Pulse time [μs]
Graphite
Rela
tive e
lect
rod
e w
ear
[%]
Wear
Copper
Rem
oval ra
te [
g/m
in]
Pulse time [μs]
Graphite
Removal rate
Reliable Supply Capability
As a subsidiary of Toyo Tanso, we utilize
diverse grades of graphite to select the
ideal electrode material for each case.
Our customers benefi t from reliable supply
capability and outstanding quality.
Comprehensive Consultation
Please ask us about the optimal possible
applications of graphite electrodes at your
company. We will also be glad to provide
advice on the subject of standardization
and the resulting potential savings.
5
Double Advantages
Compared to other materials, graphite
offers clear advantages for cutting as well
as eroding. Particularly the low thermal
expansion of graphite leads to excellent
contour and dimensional stability.
Graphite Electrodes
Graphite electrodes permit substantial sav-
ings in time and cost. Right from the con-
struction phase differently shaped elements
can be combined to an electrode to fully
exploit the capabilities of modern high-per-
formance erosion machines. Furthermore,
the four times lower density makes it possi-
ble to handle even large electrodes without
any problem and very precisely.
Advantages
Lower costs because of long service life
Precise erosion results
Higher production fi gures
Large electrodes can be used
Graphite Cutting
The excellent machinability of graphite
along with its high resistance and dimen-
sional stability offer time savings of up to
70 % for high-speed cutting (HSC). Because
of the excellent material properties it is
even possible to manufacture the fi nest
geometries. Since there are no fl ashes or
burrs, manual refi nishing is eliminated.
Advantages
Lower costs because of low wear
Higher production fi gures due to high
removal rates
Finest geometries possible
No refi nishing necessary
Cutting and Eroding
6
Graphite Machining
Cutting Cutting Speed (m /min) Feed (mm / tooth) Cutting Depth (mm) Cutting Material
Roughing 800 - 1000 0,1 - 0,8 Hard metal, PCD, coated hard metal
Finishing 1000 < 0,08 Hard metal, PCD, coated hard metal
Turning
Roughing 800 - 1000 0,1 - 0,8 Hard metal, PCD, coated hard metal
Finishing 1000 < 0,08 0,1 - 0,5 Hard metal, PCD, coated hard metal
Grinding
1000 ~ 2300 150 ~ 800 < 3 SiC, corundum, diamond
Bandsawing
400 ~ 1000 200 ~ 400 HSS, hard metal, diamond
Diverse Capabilities
Graphite is suitable for several machining
operations, such as sawing, turning, cut-
ting, grinding, water jet cutting, laser ma-
chining and polishing as well as for gluing.
To obtain optimal results when using spark
erosion, the electrodes must have a high
surface quality and the maximum contour
accuracy. This can be achieved in the most
These recommendations have to be adjusted to the relevant circumstances and represent only approximate standard values.
reliable way by machining with modern
high-speed cutters (HSC).
They facilitate particularly fi ne geometries
and very high surface qualities with con-
siderably higher cutting speeds than when
machining copper. If the proper cutting
strategy and optimally coordinated combina-
tion of machine and tools are implemented,
up to 70 % faster electrode production
times can be achieved.
By the Way:
Just a few basic rules have to be observed
when handling graphite dust. We will be glad
to inform you about the relevant details.
7
Electrode Production
Assuring High Quality
Since graphite cannot be deformed plasti-
cally, it cannot be machined in the true
sense. Grains are knocked out of the struc-
ture in a more or less controlled manner
during the corresponding machining proc-
ess, thus resulting in an abrasive force
on the tool’s cutting area and requiring a
relatively high wear resistance for the cut-
ting material.
We recommend that you work at high cut-
ting speeds to reduce this effect, which
occurs during dry machining. In this case
optimal machining results are provided by
diamond-coated or PCD tools, whose wear
decreases with increasing cutting speed
and higher feed per tooth. At the same
time work results are further optimized by
the higher machining speed.
The availability of increasingly powerful
HSC cutting machines and tools acceler-
ates and simplifi es the use of graphite as
an electrode material.
Life
tra
vel [
m]
Cutting Speed
Life
tra
vel p
er
too
th [
m]
Feed
Cutting speed [m/min] Feed per tooth [mm]
8
Materials
Material Density HardnessElectrical
Resistivity
Flexural
Strength
Average
Particle SizeCTE Standard Block
g/cm3 Shore μΩm MPa μm 10-6 K-1 mm
ISEM-2 1,78 55 11,0 41 10 4,6 1.000 x 620 x 305
ISEM-7 1,75 60 12,5 50 8 5,5 1.000 x 620 x 305
ISEM-8 1,78 63 13,4 52 8 5,6 1.000 x 620 x 305
Roughing/Finishing
ISEM-2 / ISEM-7 / ISEM-8
ISEM-2, a robust material, is most suitable
for applications as roughing graphite.
It attains surface qualities in the range
from VDI 35 to 28.
Fine-grain graphite ISEM-7 is not only
suitable for roughing, but also for fi nish-
machining with higher surface require-
ments in the range from VDI 32 to 27.
Versatile universal graphite ISEM-8 can
be used for roughing and fi nishing. Even
fi nest contours can be achieved because
of its good machinability. It achieves sur-
face qualities from VDI 30 to 24.
Typical Fields of Application
Molds for housings with larger
3D contours
Aluminum die-casting
The fi gures given above are typical values based on our experience and are not guaranteed.
Material and production-specifi c variations have to be taken into account.
9
Material Density HardnessElectrical
Resistivity
Flexural
Strength
Average
Particle SizeCTE Standard Block
g/cm3 Shore μΩm MPa μm 10-6 K-1 mm
TTK-50 1,80 70 13,0 60 6 5,1 1.000 x 540 x 230
ISO-63 1,78 76 15,0 65 5 5,6 1.000 x 540 x 230
Roughing/Finishing
TTK-50 / ISO-63
TTK-50 is a material of the new graphite
generation. It has outstanding properties
and covers a large range of different possi-
ble applications. Depending on the respec-
tive electrode geometry, it may eliminate
the use of eroding graphites of higher
quality. When using TTK-50, surface
qualities from VDI 28 to 21 and less can be
achieved.
A proven material for many years, ISO-63
is the only graphite in its class available in
these large dimensions. It provides for very
good surfaces because of its high density and
strength as well as its high wear resistance.
Depending on the exact confi guration and
machine technology, ISO-63 achieves sur-
face qualities from VDI 26 to 20.
Typical Fields of Application
Molds for fi ne contours
Ribs
Multi-cavity dies
The fi gures given above are typical values based on our experience and are not guaranteed.
Material and production-specifi c variations have to be taken into account.
10
Premium Materials
Material Density HardnessElectrical
Resistivity
Flexural
Strength
Average
Particle SizeCTE Standard Block
g/cm3 Shore μΩm MPa μm 10-6 K-1 mm
TTK-4 1,78 72 14,0 73 4 5,0 1.000 x 620 x 230
TTK-5 1,78 80 15,5 80 4 5,7 1.000 x 620 x 230
Finishing / Fine and Super-fi ne Finishing
TTK-4 / TTK-5
Both graphites are particularly suitable for
demanding and diffi cult contours. Finest
surface structures can be achieved with
3D laser machining. They differ from each
other in terms of hardness, compressive
and fl exural strength.
The softer TTK-4 displays advantages based
on its excellent machinability. The achievable
surface quality ranges from VDI 23 to 18.
The harder TTK-5 is convincing by virtue
of its high wear resistance during eroding.
Surface qualities from VDI 22 to 17 can be
attained.
Typical Fields of Application
Molds with fi ligree structures
High requirements for surface quality
High shape precision
Multi-cavity dies
The fi gures given above are typical values based on our experience and are not guaranteed.
Material and production-specifi c variations have to be taken into account.
11
Material Density HardnessElectrical
Resistivity
Flexural
Strength
Average
Particle SizeCTE Standard Block
g/cm3 Shore μΩm MPa μm 10-6 K-1 mm
TTK-8 1,77 78 15,0 80 2 4,9 700 x 400 x 150
TTK-9 1,77 90 18,0 92 2 5,1 700 x 400 x 150
Finishing / Fine and Super-fi ne Finishing
TTK-8 / TTK-9
The premium graphites TTK-8 and TTK-9
are especially suitable for fi nest machining
processes. Their exceptionally high resist-
ance allows for machining of very fi ne webs
and demanding details requiring maximum
precision.
TTK-8 and TTK-9 differ in terms of hard-
ness, compressive and fl exural strength.
The softer TTK-8 is easier to machine with
maximum precision. Surface qualities from
VDI 21 to 15 can be achieved.
The main priority for the clearly harder
TTK-9 is a perfect fi nal result with surface
roughness from VDI 21 to 14 and less!
Typical Fields of Application
Molds for fi nest structures
Highest requirements for surface quality
Highest shape precision
Multi-cavity dies
The fi gures given above are typical values based on our experience and are not guaranteed.
Material and production-specifi c variations have to be taken into account.
12
Square Bars
Plates and Rods
Completely cut square bar blanks with and
without chamfer matching different sup-
ports, are ready-to-deliver within a short
time. In this case the different lengths
reduce any offcut.
You will fi nd the current dimensions and
prices in the separate price list.
With precision-sawn plates and rods we
already achieve high surface qualities dur-
ing the sawing process. In most cases the
surfaces do not require any more cutting
or grinding.
Due to the availability of fi nely stepped
thickness dimensions the required sections
can easily be manufactured by the custom-
er. This saves time and increases fl exibility.
All plates and rods are available in a great
variety of graphite grades. You will fi nd the
current dimensions and prices in the sepa-
rate price list.
13
Head Electrodes
Semi-fi nished products in the form of
foil sheets, round bars and rib electrodes
facilitate the immediate completion of
standardized erosion applications.
Head electrodes enable application of
larger electrodes on smaller supports.
The shaft is completely cut and the head
is sawn.
We also manufacture head electrodes
according to your specifi cations, of course.
We continuously expand our standard
range of dimensions. You will fi nd the
current dimensions and prices in the
separate price list.
Foil Sheets / Round Bars / Rib Electrodes
14
Electrode Blanks with “Ready-to-Clamp” Hole Patterns
Key Competences
Manufacturing electrode blanks with hole
patterns for support systems involves de-
ployment of human resources and may
block cutting machines for longer periods
of time.
To reduce these periods of time and lower
costs at the same time, we provide a large
selection of electrode blanks with hole pat-
terns ex warehouse. According to our expe-
rience, they cover about 80 % of all possible
tasks.
We manufacture low-cost graphite sections
with hole patterns for all usual support sys-
tems such as Erowa, 3R, Hirschmann, REF
System or Mecatool. Naturally we implement
your individual specifi cations precisely and
within a short time.
Advantages of Electrode Blanks
with Hole Patterns
Immense cost saving
Shorter delivery times,
maximum availability
More free machine time
Lower personnel costs
We continuously expand our range of
dimensions.
You will fi nd the current dimensions and
prices in the separate price list.
15
Overview
We look forward to your call
Our experienced sales team as well as our
application engineers will gladly advise you
(also on site, if you wish) and will develop
together with you the best solution for your
requirements.
Materials
Achievable Surface Qualities
Material Density HardnessElectrical
Resistivity
Flexural
Strength
Average
Particle SizeCTE Standard Block
g/cm3 Shore μΩm MPa μm 10-6 K-1 mm
ISEM-2 1,78 55 11,0 41 10 4,6 1.000 x 620 x 305
ISEM-7 1,75 60 12,5 50 8 5,5 1.000 x 620 x 305
ISEM-8 1,78 63 13,4 52 8 5,6 1.000 x 620 x 305
TTK-50 1,80 70 13,0 60 6 5,1 1.000 x 540 x 230
ISO-63 1,78 76 15,0 65 5 5,6 1.000 x 540 x 230
TTK-4 1,78 72 14,0 73 4 5,0 1.000 x 620 x 230
TTK-5 1,78 80 15,5 80 4 5,7 1.000 x 620 x 230
TTK-8 1,77 78 15,0 80 2 4,9 700 x 400 x 150
TTK-9 1,77 90 18,0 92 2 5,1 700 x 400 x 150
VDI Normal 38 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14
Ra (μm) 8,00 5,00 3,15 2,00 1,25 0,80 0,50
R max (μm) 63-40 40-25 25-16 16-10 10-6,3 6,3-4 4-2,5
ISEM-2
ISEM-7
ISEM-8
TTK-50
ISO-63
TTK-4
TTK-5
TTK-8
TTK-9
The fi gures given above are typical values based on our experience and are not guaranteed.
Material and production-specifi c variations have to be taken into account.