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DEVELOPMENT OF MOBILE APPLICATIONS

AND FREE WIRELESS COMMUNITIES

ICTP - School on Radio Based Computer Networking forResearch and Training in Developing Countries

February 7 March 4 of 2005

Carlos A. Avendao Juan F. Arboleda

http://cienciaenmovimiento.hazlorealidad.com

FOUNDATION FOR DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH IN

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MEDELLIN, COLOMBIA - SOUTH AMERICA

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SCIENCE IN MOTIONFOUNDATION FOR DEVELOPMENT AND

RESEARCH IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYhttp://cienciaenmovimiento.hazlorealidad.com

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Overview - Objetives

To form researchers with great capacity for individual and

collective work, to respond to the present necessities ofScience and Technology

To lead the present and future processes of change applying

in the society

To propel the national scientific and technologicaldevelopment in close collaboration with the society.

To offer researchers a scientific and technological formationso that they contribute to the changes in innovations ofScience and Technology

To allow students with economic difficulties to take highereducation courses.

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Overview Academic Links

Developed works with Universities of the

Antioquia Region

University of Antioquia

University Santo Tomas

University San Buenaventura

Approach to University Tecnolgica del Choc

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Outline

Developing Mobile Applications

Introduction to Cellular Networks

Mobile Applications Development

{ Java 2 Micro Edition

{ Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) Applications We Built

{ Wap Portals

{

Telemetry Applications Other Applications

Collaborative Work (ALTRED.NET)

Q&A

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Wireless Solutions

Wi-Fi, Wi-Max VSAT

HF, UHF, VHF Mobile Phone Networks

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Mobile Applications Utilities

Wireless Communication solution allowing mobile phonesand devices to interact with information contained inwired networks (Intranet, Extranet and Internet):

Consulting Data Bases. Internet + Wireless = MobileInternet

Information Services (PCS)

Location Based Services Data, Voice, Audio, Video.

SMS, MMS, E-mail, Games

Telemetry, User Machine Interaction

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Developing Mobile Applications

The mobile market is one of the fastest growing marketsin the world. Users needs has grown beyond VoiceCommunications and they are asking for new servicesavailable trough their Mobiles Phones.

Developing countries are no exception The geographicalconditions of most of these countries presented achallenge for service providers to install fixed networks, achallenge not very often met. Thats why cellular networkbecame an alterative to these fixed lines in countries likeNigeria, and some other African countries, and even

islands countries in the pacific

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Mobile Telephony

Figure 1: Cellular subscribers vs PC installed base

0200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Year

Million

Cellular subscribers

PC installed base

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Client appliances

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Cellular Wireless Space divided into cells

A base station is responsible to communicatewith hosts in its cell

Mobile hosts can change cells while

communicating

Hand-offoccurs when a mobile host starts

communicating via a new base station

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Mobile Network Architecture

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Components

{ MS (mobile station)

{ BS (base station)

{ MSC (mobile switching center)

{ LR (location register)

Subsystems

{ RSS (radio subsystem): covers all radio aspects{ NSS (network and switching subsystem): call

forwarding, handover, switching

{ OSS (operation subsystem): n/w management

PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network)

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19841984 19991999 20022002 -- 20032003 20032003 -- 20052005

GENERACIONGENERACION 1G1G 2G2G 2.5G2.5G 3G3G

TECNOLOGTECNOLOGAAANALOG

CDPD

DIGITAL

TDMA

CDMA

IS95A

GPRS

CDMA-2000

1XRTT

CDMA-2000

1XEVDO

CDMA-2000

1XEVDV

GSM

EDGE

WCDMA

DATOSDATOSKbpsKbps

9.69.619.219.2 TDMA: 9.6TDMA: 9.619.219.2GSM: 9.6GSM: 9.6CDMA: 14.4CDMA: 14.4

GPRS: 115GPRS: 115EDGE: 384EDGE: 3841XRTT: 1441XRTT: 144

WCDMA: 2 MbpsWCDMA: 2 Mbps1xEVDO: 2,5 Mbps1xEVDO: 2,5 Mbps1xEVDV: 2,5 Mbps1xEVDV: 2,5 Mbps

4 G4 G

Technology Evolution Path

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Users by technology

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Protocol Stacks GPRS/EGDE

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To improve data capacity of mobile networks a new stack ofprotocols was developed, giving to Mobile Networks morecapability to support information interchange between mobiledevices inside the same network and also through external datanetworks like Internet

Protocol Stacks GPRS/EGDE

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Growth of Mobile phones with browsercapabilities

2.5 G Networks implemented recently

Opportunity to develop Mobile Applications

Mobile in Colombia

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0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003Year

Users(

Thousands)

14.4% of the total population of the country have a mobile phone

Mobile Users in Colombia

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CDMA

4%GSM

25%

TDMA

71%

Bellsouth

(CDMA, TDMA)

30%

Colombia Movil

(GSM)

10%

Comcel (GSM,

TDMA)

60%

Mobile technologies in Colombia

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Mobile Applications Development

When we are developing mobile applicationswe have two choices: Executable files (J2ME)

{ Limited to device resources

{ Large files{Access to phone capabilities (APIs)

Mobile Web Applications (WAP){ Powered by server resources{ no installation needed

{ Limited to browser capabilities

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Java 2 Micro Edition

The Java 2 Platform is split into threeeditions.

Each edition provides a complete

environment for running Java-basedapplications, including the Java virtualmachine (VM) and runtime classes.

The three editions target differentkinds of applications running on

different kinds of devices.

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Java Editions

Java2Standard Edition

(J2SE)

Java2Enterprise Edition

(J2EE)

Java2Micro Edition

(J2ME)

Java 2 Platform

Standard desktop &workstation applications

Heavy duty serversystems

Small & memoryconstrained devices

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J2ME Architecture

KVM - Kilobyte Virtual Machine

{ 40 80 KB in size

{ For devices with 160 KB of memory and 16

or 32-bit RISC/CISC microprocessors

OEM Specific API

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Configurations

Connected Device Configuration (CDC)

{ 512kb memory for Java

{ 256kb for runtime allocation

{ Network connectivity

Connected, limited Device Configuration (CLDC)

{ 128kb memory for Java

{ 32kb for runtime allocation

{ Restricted UI (User Interface){ Low bandwidth network connectivity, intermittent access

{ KVM is reference implementation (40-80kb)

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MIDP MID Profile

MIDP is targeted at a class of devicesknown as mobile information devices(MIDs).

Minimal characteristics of MIDs:{ Enough memory to run MIDP

applications

{ Display of at least 96 X 56 pixels, eithermonochrome or color

{ A keypad, keyboard, or touch screen

{ Two-way wireless networking capability

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J2ME UI

MIDP provides some limited UI elements{ Form

{ Alert

{ Choice andChoiceGroup

{ List

{ StringItem

{ TextBox

{ TextField

{ DateField

{ Guage

{ Ticker

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It's a set of standardprotocols that define Web

applications development

for mobile devices, allowing

Phones and mobile deviceslike PDAs to interact with

information contained in

wired networks (Intranet,Extranet and Internet). Wap

by itself it's not mobile

Internet.

WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)

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Benefits

Bearer independent Device independent

Microbrowser available for

many devices

Push and pull support

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HTTP/WAP Architecture

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WAP Components WML (Wireless Markup Language)

{

An XML-based markup language that describes how WAPcontent is presented on a wireless terminal

Differs from HTML in the following{ WML was specifically designed for wireless terminals with a

target screen that is only a few lines long and about an inch wide.

{ WML is case sensitive, and all tags and attributes should be inlowercase.

{ Unlike HTML, WML is unforgiving of incorrectly nested tags.

{ WML doesn't assume that a keyboard or a mouse is available for

userinput. Based on these differences, WML provides a smaller,

telephony-aware set of tags that make it moreappropriate than HTML for handheld wireless

terminals.

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Applications We Built

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Linux

Server

Open Source Architecture

GSM

I.S.P.

WAP Gateway

Apacheweb server

MySQL

HTTP & WML

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The first IDE (IntegratedDevelopment Environment)

we used was Nokia Mobile

Internet Toolkit 3.1 back in

2002

Our First App was a WAP

Portal for Santo Tomas

University.

First Application

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WAP Portal for University of

Antioquia at:

http://electronica.udea.edu.co/~gita/

wap/udea.wml

Next step was to make the portal

interactive.

We needed a server side script to

exchange data between the mobile

and the server.

Interactive application

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Thanks to Server SideScripts (JSP, PHP, Pearl)we were able to deliverServices, like news and

entertainment and even E-Mail Services.

We could also perform

authentication against ourDB, to control access tosome services.

Interactive Portal = Services

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Autenticathion Portal

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Telemetry Project

Now that we could interact with ourservers we wanted to be able to

control things from the mobile phone.

TelemetryTelemetry: The capability of

transmitting or retrieving data over

long distance communication links,such as satellite or telephone.

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Telemetry Project Architecture

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Data Acquisition Stage

First we had to measure a physical variable, wechose temperature and we used a heat sensor(LM35) connected to a microprocessor (HC908GP32)

to transmit the data serially to the PC where its readby a Java app listening to the serial port.

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The measured data is stored in a Data Base (likeMySQL or Postgre) where it can be consulted by a

web application (JSP, PHP), hosted on a Web Server

(Apache) with a public IP address and maybe adomain name.

Data Persistence Stage

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Users prospective

First theres a welcome screen, then a Log-Onpage, and finally you can choose from a menuif you want to get instructions, or see the dataand even turn the system ON/OFF.

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Displaying Data on the Mobile

You can access a table with the last 20

measurements and even see a history

graph of the systems behavior.

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Collaborative work AltRedALTED is a project started in Medellin, Antioquia, to create a

reference and integration point for all projects related with wireless

networks and free communities

In Peru is beginning

Manizales Wireless

http://www.popayanwireless.net/

http://bogotawireless.net/

http://www.altred.net/

http://medellinwireless.da.ru

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Questions?

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Thank you for your attention

More info:Juan Fernando Arboleda

juanarbol@gmail.com

Carlos Avendao Prez

carlosavendano1@yahoo.com

Antonio Jos Galeanoagaleano@universia.net.co

Juan David Gmez

juan.gomez@ieee.org

Jorge Esteban Valenciajorge valencia@universia.net.co

Thanks to:

ICTP, S.M. Radicella, R. Struzak, C. Fonda, M. Zenaro, E. Pietrosemoli

Universities of Antioquia, Santo Tomas and San Buenaventura

AltRed.Net

All participants of the School 2005