Grow Your Own - January 2016 UK

8/18/2019 Grow Your Own - January 2016 UK

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yourownThe UK’s best-selling kitchen garden magazine

GrowGARDENING ADVICE YOU CAN TRUST

Affordableways to boost

your harvests

GYO MASTERCLASS

PRIZES WORTH £2 ,964 & EXCLUSIVE OFFERS INSIDE!

Sarah Raven’s

easy kale recipeto try tonight

Frances Tophill’s

top tips for beginnergardeners

Chris Beardshaw’s

expert advice ongrowing damsons

PREPAREYOUR PLOT

• Why you should sow seeds now• Protect plants for better results• Techniques to improve your soil

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‘Bl ck BeaAubergine see page 28 for your full growing guide

5 Must-growHERBS

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January 2016 £4.99 growfruitandveg.co.ukN E W

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WEEKEND PROJECTS: Train a cherry tree • Create a winter lettuce planter

H O W T O


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Editor’s letter

Hurrah! It’s the start of the new year, and with itcomes a new growing season and a fresh look forGrow Your Own magazine. We hope you like thechanges we’ve made to this issue, and find it packedfull of useful advice and seasonal tips to help you on

your plot. Let us also introduce you to our new fruitgardener, Chris Beardshaw. We’re thrilled to have himon board imparting his expert knowledge and we can’t

wait to follow his guidance throughout the year. Turn to page 76 toread more about his tasks for January.This month is a prime example of how things never seem to

slow down for growers. Even in the depths of winter there are jobs to be done, and if we’re not sowing, planting orharvesting, we’re clearing out our sheds, washing oldcontainers or planning for the season. We’ve gotexpert advice on choosing seeds, preparing yourground, and more, to help with these tasks.

This is also the last chance for youto get involved in the Great BritishGrowing Awards 2016 sponsoredby The Edible Garden Show, so pleasedo take the time to vote for your favouriteorganisations, gardeners, books andevents. Not only are you helpingto give recognition to those thatdeserve it, but you could be in

with a chance of winning £750 worth of gardening vouchers, too.Happy new year!

Acting Editor Laura Hillier

Lar

EDITORIAL Acting Editor

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Contents

10 MY TASKS THIS MONTH Dominica McKevitt explains her useful tips for protecting plants from the cold weather

11 VEG TO SOW AND HARVEST A useful collection of all the edibles youcan start growing or picking

12 JOBS ON THE PLOTEssential tasks for your allotment14 ANNE SWITHINBANK WINTERSOWING JOBSAnne is looking ahead by sowing kale andcauliflower for some great veg additions

18 HERBS TO TRY THIS YEAR Add these delicious leaves to yourcollection to give your dishes a boost

19 GROW LIKE A PRO: BROAD BEANS Le Manoir’s Anne Marie Owens gives herexpert advice on cultivating this productive veg

20 HOW TO GROW CELERIAC FORBEGINNERS All you need to know in order to sow, grow andharvest this flavoursome crop

22 AFFORDABLE WAYS TOBOOST YOUR CROPSMake the most of the resources around you tomake next year’s yields even better

24PREPARING YOUR PLOT FOR THE

SEASON AHEAD Essential information on creating ideal outdoorsowing conditions

27 TOP GROWING TIPSFOR YOUR FREE SEEDS Handy advice for gardeners looking to get

the most from their aubergine crops

28 YEAR-ROUND POTAGERAdd juicy aubergines to your plotwith this helpful guide

30 GARDEN ORGANIC MASTERCLASSJudith Conroy focuses on heritageseed varieties to try

32 BUYING SEEDS FOR THE YEARAn extensive guide to help you choose the best varieties for your plot

37 PICK OF THE CROP A range of garden diaries and journals

38 TURN UP THE HEATA guide to using propagators by gardenauthor Louise Curley

40 PLOT ESSENTIALSSally Nex talks about an giant onionvariety and how to avoid soil pans

42 EDIBLE EXOTICS: FENUGREEKKaren Robbirt from the RHS provides her tips on caring for this widely-used herb

43 ASK THE EXPERTS A group of experienced gardenersanswer your questions, including canker

47 GROWING HELP The latest growing resourcesrecommended by Jane Perrone

14 ANNE SWITHINBANK WINTER SOWINGS18 HERBS TO TRY THIS YEAR22 AFFORDABLE BOOSTS FOR YOUR PLOT38 TURN UP THE HEAT43 ASK THE EXPERTS66 GARDEN CHAT WITH SARAH RAVEN74 GROW LIKE A PRO: APPLES76 CHRIS BEARDSHAW’S DAMSON GUIDE

VEGON THE COVERPhotography supplied byGap Photos. Photographer:Clive Nichols

January

THE GREAT BRITISHGROWING AWARDS

54 GET INVOLVED IN THE GREATBRITISH GROWING AWARDS The voting stage is now under way, and youcould win some amazing prizes by telling usyour favourite gardening companies



SMART GARDENING

48 SMART NEWS Interesting developments in the world ofgardening, including new varieties

50 SMART STEP-BY-STEPMark Diacono explains how to produce tasty shoots and sprouts

52 YOUR COMPLETE GUIDE TO...Get organised and discover which cropsare ideal to sow in pots

REGULARS

6 THIS MONTHHelpful gardening advice for January62 GROW FROM SUPERMARKET VEG Kim Stoddart’s guide to producingfamiliar retail varieties on your plot

64 NAOMI SCHILLINGER: TOMATOESNaomi offers great variety suggestions66 GARDEN CHAT WITH SARAH RAVEN Sarah is enjoying her kale harvests68 UNDER COVER Sow parsley with help from Sally Nex70 SIMON AKEROYD:PLANTING A CHERRY TREESimon plants trains a cherry tree and cultivatesJerusalem artichokes

72 A LIVING PHARMACYMichael Wale finds a fantastic medicinalplant collection to inspire others

SUBSCRIBETODAY &

SAVE ££££SSubscribe to Grow Your Ownmagazine this month andreceive five free raspberry canesfrom Suttons, plus receive a £5online gift voucher.

Call 0844 815 0030 now!

79 PLOT TO PLATE A selection of tempting Brussels sproutsrecipes from Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall

82 A BEGINNER’S GUIDETO KEEPING GOATS Susie Baldwin, provides her top tips for keeping

these endearing animals

84 ALLOTMENT INSPIRATION On-the-plot jobs and news this month86 HOW TO HELP BIRDS IN WINTER RSPB’s Tom Waters explains somequick jobs to make your plot a friendlier placefor our feathered friends

89 UP FOR GRABS Enter our fantastic competitions92 JANUARY’S DISCOUNTSThrifty savings on growing products98 BEHIND THE SCENES WITH...FRANCES TOPHILL We ask Frances on her advice for beginnerswho are looking to get involved in horticulture

74 GROW LIKE A PRO: APPLES Grow this classic fruit with the help ofLubera’s Markus Kobelt

76 CHRIS BEARDSHAW’SDAMSON GUIDEChris covers growing damsons this month

MORE USEFUL ADVICE

FRUIT

If you’d like to keep up to speedwith the latest GYO news anddevelopments as they occur,

why not follow us on Twitter orFacebook? You can find us at@GYOmag and facebook.com/growyourownmag.

You can also join our thriving forumat growfruitandveg.co.uk

GYO is proud to support theorganisations shown below.Their members writeregularly for this magazine,ensuring that you receive thevery latest top-notch advice from industryexperts – it’s crucial to us that everythingyou read on these pages can be trustedimplicitly. We’re also keen to protect theenvironment and act responsibly in thegarden, so will only list man-made gardenchemicals where organic remedies arenot deemed suitable. Once you’ve read

this magazine, why not donate it to yourlocal doctors’ or dentists’ surgery? Failing

that, magazines can be put out with yourrecycling for collection.



This month...

• RHS Rosemoor hasonce again been on thelookout for keen growersto participate in itspractical, nine monthallotment course. This

will start in Februaryand will give a new cropof gardeners the chancegain valuable skills andknowledge. To find outmore, go to rhs.org.uk

NEWS in brief We look at all the latest news and views from the growing world

The RHS is creating a new garden in Salford, GreaterManchester. For more information on the launch andwhat will be going on at the garden, visit rhs.org.ukKeep up to date with even more news at our Facebook pagefacebook.com/growyourownmag, or on Twitter at @GYOmag

Chelsea garden goes back to its roots

The award winning Chelsea Flower Show garden,Welcome to Yorkshire, has been relocated to thebrewery that was behind inspiring its design. The aimwas to celebrate Yorkshire’s famous beer industryand wealth of microbreweries – this included a uniquewater feature comprised of a traditional YorkshireSquare brewing vessel. It is this part that has beencarefully recycled and installed in the NGS garden atWold Top Brewery, who co-sponsored the space with

Welcome to Yorkshire. Gill Mellor, director of Wold TopBrewery, said: “Partnering with Welcome to Yorkshireon the Brewers Yard garden at the Chelsea FlowerShow was a real dream come true for me. Before myhusband and I embarked on the brewing journey, I

trained in horticulture and garden design so it’s anopportunity to really return to my roots, so to speak.”

ALLOTMENTHEALTH According to results from astudy conducted by Essexand Westminster universities,spending just half an houron your plot has realbenefits for both mental andphysical health. The researchhighlighted that growersare often found to sufferless from fatigue, anger andtension issues, while alsohaving higher self esteem.

Also, gardeners tended tohave a lower body massindex and be fitter. Since thefindings, the UK Faculty ofPublic Health is keen to finda way of utilising unused orneglected land in order togive more people the chanceto feel the positives fromgrowing their own.

• The weather in 2015meant that beekeeperssaw honey harveststake a hit – with a 34per cent drop in somecases. These statistics

were reported in a studyconducted by BBKAsponsor, Burt’s Bees.To find out about how

you can get involved

in supporting researchand to raise money tohelp save the honey beethroughout 2016, visitthe partnership’s websiteadoptabeehive.co.uk


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January’s News

7

SowingBroad beansGet these started now if

you are in a mild area.Offering the protectionof a cold frame or anunheated greenhouse canbe beneficial so frosts

don’t affect the seed if you are in a cooler partof the country.

Save for theseason ahead

With the prime part ofthe sowing season almostupon is, remember tosave toilet roll tubes,egg boxes and the like,

which serve as DIY pots

for your seedlings. Theycan also be added to thecompost heap after use.

Improving soils Work plenty of organicmatter into your ground.Doing this now givesit the chance to breakdown in time for yourspring sowings. Freshmanure can scorch

plants, so it is importantto allow time for this torot properly.

PRACTICALPRUNINGPruning can sometimes be adaunting task for gardeners,but this course at GardenOrganic’s Ryton Gardenswill help. Participants willexplore the principlesbehind pruning and havinga go themselves.gardenorganic.org.uk

Share your GYO stories, pictures, communityprojects and tips with us for a chance to win a voucher

from seed company Thompson & Morgan. Each reader’s letter we print will win a £10voucher and our star letter will win a £40 voucher! Please note these will be sentout by the end of the coverdated month. Email [email protected] or write toGYO, 25 Phoenix Court, Hawkins Road, Colchester, Essex, CO2 8JY.

DIARYDATESThroughoutthe monthJanuary 4, 2016

Crabtree pondsmaintenance day,Wildlife Trusts, Sheffield.wildlifetrusts.org

January 11, 2016Introduction tobeekeeping, ReigateBeekeepers, Surrey.bbka.org.uk

January 16-17, 2016Two days at River Cottage,Axminster. rivercottage.net

January 16-17, 2016The great Gloucestershirepotato weekend, DundryNurseries, Cheltenham.dundrynurseries.co.uk

January 16-24, 2016Big Garden Birdwatch– feeding garden birds,Kelvingrove Art Galleryand Museum Glasgow.rspb.org.uk

January 20, 2016

Growing organic spuds,Garden Organic,Ryton, near Coventry.gardenorganic.org.uk

January 23, 2016Gardener’s kitchen,Royal Botanic GardenEdinburgh. rbge.org.uk

January 28, 2016A day at the Herbarium,Kew Gardens, London.kew.org

Over to you

We asked ourTwitter followerswhat their favouritewinter task on theplot is. Here’s what

they said:

W r i t e t o u s

@roryos31“It varies but a lot of workgets done by torchlight!Like digging up salsify for

tonight’s tea.”

@DaveTheDalek“Going to the pub on a

freezing cold and soakingwet day, taking seedcatalogues, a notebookand pen, and choosingwhat to grow next year.”

@jennybowring1“Rearranging thegreenhouse into acosy tearoom withcandle pot heaters.”

Like our Twitter page@GYOmag

“Last year my wife and tookon an allotment plot for thefirst time and we also startedbuying GYO . As we come tothe end of our first full growing

year we are writing to thank you for all your help. Not onlyhave the articles given us lotsof advice and ideas we havealso gained lots of knowledge,enabling us to talk to fellowallotmenteers with confidencefrom the information themagazine has provided. Thefree seeds with each issuehave been an added bonus,

A greatgrowing year

R E A D E R S L E T T E R S

JANUARY IS GREAT FOR...

S t a r l e t t e r !

Top event this month

encouraging us to try growing produce(with varied success) we might not havechosen ourselves. We are now looking forwardto an even more productive 2016!”David and Ann, via email



Join our thriving online community which has over 60,000 members andfeatures growing guides, competitions,

blogs and more! Find us at...


FACEBOOK facebook.com/growyourownmag

Get a regular dose of growing inspirationon our Facebook page, where you can share

your pictures and swap tips withfellow gardeners.

TWITTER@gyomag

Stay in the loop with the latest news andseasonal ideas by following us on Twitter. We love to see pics of your home-grown

harvests, too!

DIGITAL EDITION App Stores

Access the digital copy of the magazinefor only £2.99 on a range of devices. You can also read it on your PC via

pocketmags.com

GET MORE FROMGROW YOUR OWN

MAGAZINE!

THE BEST GARLIC VARIETIESTO PLANT ON YOUR PLOT

FOOL-PROOF WAYS TO GROWBOUNTIFUL EARLY PEAS

T h is p ho to was se n t i n b y @

ro r yos31

– w ha t a n i m p ress i ve ha r ves

t!

Look what you’ve grown!


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growfruitandveg.co.uk 9

20 Add this robust root vegto your plot in 2016

18 Five fantastic herbs toadd to your kitchen garden

27 We reveal the secrets togrowing amazing aubergines

19 We give broad beanscentre stage this month

11 A lowdown on January’ssowing and harvesting tasks

12 Your ultimate checklistfor the month ahead

10 Easy ways to protect yourcrops from the chilly weather

Your top veg this monthFOLLOW OUR EXPERT ADVICE TO ENSURE YOUR VEG PATCH THRIVES THIS YEAR

B e s t f o r b e gi n n e r s

Veg guide



Dominica McKevitt , the head gardenerat Ardgillan Castle and gardens, sharesher tips for cold weather crop care

Protecting cropsfrom the cold

W hen the winter weather arrives,growth of some fruit and veg willslow down or even stop. Plantslike courgettes, marrows and pumpkinsgrow very successfully outdoors all summer,but cease producing new fruits whendaytime temperatures fall below 15ºC. Moretender crops such as tomatoes, peppersand aubergines do not grow well outsideunless we are fortunate enough to have ahot summer or live in the more southerncounties, so are usually best grown in a

polytunnel or glasshouse. Whether in or outof doors frost will still kill these plants and

their fruits when it hits. In my experience,this outdoor damage usually occurs frommid-October, and in a cold glasshousefrom mid-November – but this depends onlocation. Every gardener should be alert tothe weather forecast and take action beforethe inclement weather begins. Greenhousesor polytunnels that are tall have better aircirculation and less condensation which helpsreduce the risk of botrytis (a problem in cold,damp weather). However, taller structurescan be more difficult to heat. Heating in

general can be expensive, too, so may notbe right for all growers.

Covering plants with fleece can give someprotection, but the safest thing to do is pickany remaining fruits before the first frost.Tomatoes will ripen if they are picked andput in a paper bag in a dark place above16ºC, but you should always check storedfruits every week for any decay.

Winter varieties of brassica growand crop through winter, so need only alittle help. Folding down the leaves overdeveloping curds of cauliflowers will helpprotect them from damage, and winds may

loosen tall sprouting broccoli in the ground,so these should be staked, too.

MY TASK THIS MONTH


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Veg guide

This month’s crops to

SOW &HARVEST

“ONCE THE HEADSARE FIRM IT’S TIME

TO PICK WINTERCAULIS”


SOW

Chilli peppers: Early sowings will give your crops plenty of time to ripen in thesummer. Seeds need warmth to germinate so start them in a heatedpropagator or place on a warm windowsill.Microgreens: Need to get a growing hit quick? Try sowing a fastmaturing leafy crop such as rocket thickly across a tray on yourwindowsill and enjoy the tiny leaves that spring up.Exhibition onions: These bulbs need time to develop so start themin December or January – Christmas Day or Boxing Day are oftentraditionally chosen by growers.Sprouting seeds: Use jam jars with holes pierced in the lid to sproutseeds such as mung peas, pea shoots, alfalfa or fenugreek.

PLANT

Cane fruits, fruit bushes and trees: Cane fruits such asraspberries and bare root fruit bushes and trees can be plantedanytime between November and March. Just make sure the groundis not waterlogged or frozen.Rhubarb: Plant crowns in a sunny position in well-draining soil now.

HARVEST

Brussels sprouts: Pick the buttons regularly, starting from thebottom of the stem and working your way upwards.Celeriac: Use a garden fork to carefully lift these swollen roots.Citrus: Check lemon, lime and orange trees regularly to ensure youharvest them at the right time.Jerusalem artichokes: Leave tubers in the ground until you wantto eat them as they don’t store well.Kale: Start to take leaves when they reach the required size.Leaf beet: Pick young outer leaves. This helps to stimulate the plantinto making more edible growth.

Leeks: Gently lift when needed, being careful not to damage them.Mustards: It’s thought the cold weather improves the taste ofmustards so pick young leaves now.Parsnips: A good frost will sweeten the flavour of parsnips, so makethe most of the cold spells to enjoy this root veg, too.Salsify and scorzonera: Take care not to snap these roots whenlifting them from the ground, especially if the earth is frozen.Sprouting broccoli: Cut once the heads have started to form butbefore they begin to flower.Swede: Lift now to eat, or store in layers of sand in a wooden crate.Turnips: Harvest your maincrop turnips when they reach the size ofa tennis ball. These crops should store well.Winter cabbages: Cut through the stems of your winter cabbageswith a sharp knife and store in the fridge.

Winter cauliflowers: Once the heads are firm, it’s time to pick yourwinter caulis, also using a garden knife.

11


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Jobs onthe plot

The new year is here and with it comes theanticipation of exciting new veg to grow. While thekey sowing season is still a couple of months away,

you can get cracking with your chilli peppersnow, as long as you have a heated propagator or a

very warm, bright windowsill. As well as thinkingahead to what you’d like to grow this year, keepharvesting your winter-hardy roots and brassicas,pull up any spent vegetables and watch yourcompost heap grow.

THE FRUIT GARDEN• As long as your ground isn’t frozen, you can plant bare-root fruit trees now. If you have taken a delivery and can’tplace them in the ground immediately, stand the tree ina bucket of water in a cool, frost-free place to keep theroots moist. They can stay like this for about a week. If youneed to delay planting longer, heel them in to a temporaryplanting hole and check on it regularly.

• Keep checking any stored fruit and ensure any rottenspecimens are removed as soon as they are found to avoidthe rot spreading through your harvests.

• Citrus fruits will be ripening nicely now – harvest themonce mature so you can enjoy them in their prime.

•Apples, pears, quinces, autumn raspberries, currants and

gooseberries can all be pruned during the winter months.

“IF YOU FANCYTRYING TO GROW

AUBERGINES

THIS YEAR, STARTYOUR SEEDSNOW IN A HEATED

GREENHOUSE”

THE CONTAINERGARDEN• Get ready for the sowing season andensure all your pots and containers havebeen meticulously cleaned. Also, stock upon any seed compost, potting compostor growing bags you need. Store themsomewhere warm ready for next month.

• Watch out for severe frosts and makesure your clay pots are protected – coldspells can cause them to crack. Standthem on pot feet and move them undercover if necessary.

• If you have a heated greenhouse, youcan try growing potatoes in pots in thelatter part of this month. A variety suchas ‘Charlotte’ will work well.

12 growfruitandveg.co.uk


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Veg guide

• If you live in a mild area, youcould risk a sowing of broad beansdirectly in the soil at the end of themonth. Cover with cloches or fleeceif hard frosts are forecast. Youcould also choose to start them inyour greenhouse or inside, ready forplanting out later.• If you fancy trying to growaubergines this year, start yourseeds now in a heated greenhouse.Aubergine ‘Black Beauty’ is a good,reliable variety if you’re new tocultivating this flavoursome crop.• Patrol your brassica patchregularly and ensure pigeons aren’thelping themselves to your preciouscrops. Netting the area carefully can

help, or use deterrents suchas hanging CDs or strips of foil.

• Chilli fiends will know just howsatisfying it is experimenting withdifferent types of these fiery peppers.Have fun researching the varieties onthe market and start sowing now inheated propagator.• An early start with calabrese canbe successful in milder areas, andsowing now will mean that growthcan hopefully spurt forward beforethe onslaught of caterpillars. Whentransplanting tray-grown seeds toindividual containers, sink them into their pots so the seed leaves are

just above the compost.

THE VEGETABLE GARDEN

January focus on: Crop rotation As you make your plans for the year ahead, remember to bear in mind theimportance of crop rotation. Growing the same family of vegetables on

the same patch of land year after year can not only lead to a build up ofdiseases, but also a sapping of nutrients. Divide your plot into sections for

each type, and then move each group forward a step every year. The orderof edibles should be: brassicas, legumes, onions, potato family and roots.

PROBLEM OF THE MONTH:

WindrockHarsh winds and blustery

conditions can lead to tall plantssuch as Brussels sprouts suffering

from windrock. Strong gusts whichcause crops to sway dangerouslyin the wind can damage the fineroot hairs tasked with taking up

nutrients – meaning that yields willsuffer drastically. With sprouts,

this results in the buttons becomingloose rather than tight – also known

as ‘blown sprouts’. Earth up yourplants as they grow, stake them

securely or create a windbreak toprevent this from happening.

The herbgarden

Now’s a good month to look throughseed catalogues and decide what to try

this year. Why not experiment withsomething new, such as ginger mint

or Mexican tarragon?Place potted herbs close together

in a sheltered position to protectthem against the cold weather.

Some seeds such as chilli peppers, aubergines and eventomatoes can be started under

cover now

Ensure your under coverarea is ready for the sowing

season with a proper cleaning session

Now’s a good time for aclear out, too. Throw away or fix any damaged equipment

Invest in a thermometer so you can check your

temperatures under cover

If necessary, open the doorsand windows for short periodsto encourage better ventilation

Check through all your seed packets and throw anyaway that are past their best

If there is heavy snow,brush this off your greenhouse

and cold frame to preventdamage

Keep your greenhouse wellinsulated at this time of yearwith specially-made bubble

wrap

Under cover

Seasonal tasks



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WINTER SOWING JOBSStart tomatoes, kale and cauliflowers and plan other veg crops

SOW TOMATOESGrowing your own tomatoes means better

flavour, a massive choice of varieties andproperly ripe fruit from summer to autumn.Any surplus is easy to freeze as soup orsauce. I usually grow a round, red-fruitedtype (‘Gardeners Delight’ is tasty) plus afavourite (sweet orange cherry ‘Sungold’)and then a couple of unusual or heirloomvarieties. You don’t have to start this earlybut I like to stagger my sowings and alsofind the larger-fruited kinds benefit from along growing season. In my garden, plantsgrown outdoors are either clobbered byblight or fail to ripen readily, so I keep ours under glass in bottomless pots standingon beds or growing bags, or in ordinary large pots. To save on glasshouse space,cordon-grown varieties trained vertically up stakes or strings are ideal.

Once Christmas is done and dustedand the New Year seen in, somefolks rush off to the sales and thenstart wishing for spring, which stillseems a long way off. For gardeners,the remaining cold months giveus a much needed chance to plan,prepare and regroup ready for thenext growing season. Seed orderingis an important part of this, because

crucial sowing dates can be missedif the packets are not in and ready.There’s time now to chase downunusual varieties you might want totry, or to order young plants for anycrops you will be growing on in this

way. Seed trays and pots need to besorted, brushed out and washed toavoid spreading diseases, propagatingcases dusted down and checked androtation plans should be drawn up intime for your plantings. For me, the

urge to see fresh seedlings is hard toresist and by the end of the month,I’ll have caved in and made a fewearly starts with some key crops.

ANNE SWITHINBANK

“SEED TRAYS ANDPOTS NEED TO BESORTED, BRUSHED

OUT AND WASHED”



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Veg guide

TOMATOES to try

•‘Brandy Boy’ This beefsteak is said to

have the flavour of Brandywine but withshapelier fruits and a better growing habit.Suttons 0844 326 2200, suttons.co.uk

• ‘Yellow Stuffer’ Large, blocky thick-walled yellow fruits lend themselves tostuffing and baking. Thompson and Morgan0844 573 1818, thompson-morgan.com

• ‘Jaune Flamme’ Orange-red fruits lookgreat and have a sweet, aromatic flavour. Simpsons Seeds 01985 845 004,simpsonsseeds.co.uk

• ‘Black Krim’ Fruits are medium-sizedand odd-looking, with greenish shoulders andreddish green flesh inside. Seeds of Italy

0208 427 5020, seedsofitaly.com

STEP BY STEP: SOW ‘CAVOLO NERO’ KALEThese attractive kales with narrow puckered dark green leaves are as decorative as theyare productive. As a group, kales are traditionally sown in April or May for winter usebut like most brassicas, their seeds are willing to germinate speedily and readily whentemperatures are still chilly. With luck, you’ll be planting out by March, with leaves readyfor soups, stir fries and steaming by early summer. It is said kales are sweeter and tastierafter frost but these summer pickings are still worth having. Of a batch, some will run toseed but others will still be delivering leaves in autumn and winter.

Fill a 9cm pot with good seed compost,making sure it is not too wet and coldbeforehand. Press the surface gentlyto make sure it is flat, then water usinga fine rose (sprinkler) on the can.

After germination, transplant as manyseedlings as you want, handling themby their leaves and setting each in

its own pot. Should stems be long,bury them almost up to their leaves.

Sprinkle seed thinly over the surface,then scatter compost over the topso they are covered by no more thantheir own depth. Leave in an unheatedgreenhouse and protect from rodents.

Doing this, rather than sowing intomodules and thinning out, meansthat leggy seedlings can be steadied

by deeper transplanting. When grown,harden off and plant out.

Growing something different is alwaysinteresting and an autumn harvest ofhome-grown sweet potatoes starts withordering slips. These are long cuttingstaken from tubers potted and encouraged

to sprout in late winter. You could generate your own from last year’s tubers, or evenfrom shop-bought ones. However varietieslike ‘Evangeline’ and ‘Carolina Ruby’ havebeen bred to thrive in our climate ratherthan a tropical one so stand a betterchance of survival. They’ll be posted outin spring and on arrival, can look slightly

withered. Stand them in water overnight,then pot separately into root trainersor other long modules, using a cuttingscompost (50:50 soilless compost and grit,sharp sand or vermiculite). Water in, keepin the greenhouse and cover with a layer

of fleece to shade them lightly until theyroot and grow on. They are then plantedeither into large containers or a sunny bed,setting them on ridges and in cold regions,planting through black polythene.

ORDER SWEETPOTATO SLIPS

1

3 4

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Another brassica that grows well froman early sowing made under glass is thesummer cauliflower. Start them in the same

way as kale and don’t let them sit around intheir containers. As soon as the roots findthe sides of the pot, probably during March,harden them off and plant 60cm apart intogood but settled soil. Early sown cropsstarted under glass must be introduced tothe outdoors carefully. Begin by standingthem outside by day and then all night butbring them back under glass, or drape withfleece if it is wet, cold or windy. They’ll haveadjusted to the weather in about a weekand if the forecast is good, plant them out.

Add a general fertiliser prior to planting andbe prepared to water and give the plants a

liquid feed as they develop. Protect frompigeons and look forward to tasty heads andleaves in early summer.

SOW CAULIFLOWER

VARIETIES FORan early start• ‘Freedom’ This performs well from earlysowings and can be started in successionuntil May. Jungle Seeds 01491 614 765,

jungleseeds.co.uk

• ‘Snowball’ Expect a late June harvestfrom January sowings, or sow directlyoutdoors in April for later cropping.

Dobies 0844 967 0303, dobies.co.uk

Sow cut-and-come-again cropsChoose cut-and-come-again salad leafmixtures designed to crop during winter.Sprinkled sparingly over the surface ofcompost in a wide, shallow container (aseed tray would do), they will germinatein their own time, encouraged by theoften balmy weather under glass. Theyare sheltered from heavy rainfall whichcombined with cold could easily rot theseeds outdoors. When the plants reach8cm high, snip them off just abovetheir growing points, enjoy them in yoursandwiches or as a garnish and wait formore to grow.

I find celery a challenge but give it a go every so often, for crunchy, flavoursome stems.There are basically two sorts and the most straightforward are self blanching kinds. Orderseed now, choosing varieties with an RHS Award of Garden Merit (such as ‘Octavius’).

This means that in trials, they gave a good performance and stand the best chance ofsucceeding. Sow under glass in March and don’t let the young plants become at all potbound. Root restriction and the shock of a sudden cold spell are likely to trigger bolting(premature flowering). Plant 23cm apart in block formation, so the stems blanch each otherand never let them dry out at the roots. Trench celery is more time consuming to grow butlikelier to yield better quality, more toothsome stems. Make the trenches in March, diggingthem out 40cm wide and 30cm deep. Fill back in, adding organic matter until within 5cmof the surface. This gives good, moisture retentive soil for the plants, which should be set38cm apart. Once they are 30cm high, begin to blanch stems by earthing up or using thick,brown paper collars. Good slug control is vital.

AN EASIER ALTERNATIVEIf all you want is a celery-like flavour, celeriac is easier to grow although again, successdepends on keeping roots moist. You won’t get long, crunchy stems but the swollen stem

base can be grated or shredded to eat raw in salads or remoulade. Chunks add celeryflavouring to soups and stews.

PLAN TO GROW CELERY

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Veg guide

The cold spring of 2015, followed in late Julyand August by colder, wet weather made fora tricky growing year. These days, summerseems to disappear as soon as the longschool holidays start, only to resurface againfor a long, glorious Indian summer. I chosethe wrong year to try two varieties of large-fruited pumpkins because they got off to aslow start and were not established enough to

benefit from the early sun. Gloomy mid to latesummer weather held them back and theirfruits only began to swell in earnest duringearly October, when they should have beenturning colour. I grew squash ‘Crown Prince’alongside them and these made good fruits.The lesson learnt is to take a chance, butgrow a reliable squash as well.I tried both mile long and lablab beans forthe first time but neither produced a flower,let alone anything we could eat. By contrast,climbing French bean ‘Jimenez’ was a winner,

with lots of succulent creamy, red-fleckedpods over a long period. Runner beans

eventually came good too and we were stillgathering them in mid October from Julysowings. I tried all six Sarpo blight tolerant

REFLECT ON LASTSEASON’S HARVESTS ANNE’S TOP performers• Climbing French bean ‘Jimenez’ Ifound the red-flecked, flat stringless podskept well on the plants and stayed tendereven when quite mature. Mr.Fothergill’s0845 371 0518, mr-fothergills.co.uk

• Runner bean ‘Firestorm’ WithFrench bean in its ancestry, this scarlet– flowered runner is self-pollinating andproduces a good harvest of tender, tastybeans despite wet, cold or dry weather.Mr Fothergill’s 0845 371 0518,mr-fothergills.co.uk

• Squash ‘Crown Prince’ Attractivesilvery green/grey fruits have orange fleshinside. Eating and storing qualities aresuperb. Sometimes you get only one fruitper plant but they do set and ripen well indifficult summers. WR Robinson & Son01524 791 210, mammothonion.co.uk

• Potato ‘Sarpo Kifli’ Good blighttolerance, as you’d expect from oneof the ‘Sarpo’ tribe. Oval tubers canbe harvested over a long period, somereaching impressive sizes. Makes agood salad potato with a waxy texture.Thompson and Morgan 0844 5731818, thompson-morgan.com

potatoes and enjoyed them. My favourite was‘Kifli’ – an early main crop whose large, longtubers were recommended as salad potatoesand which delivered great texture and flavour.I often boiled up a medley of several varietiesand chopped them roughly as a topping forcottage pie instead of mash. Covered withcheese sauce and grated cheese, they bakedinto a tasty mix of different textures. ‘Nadine’

is still my all time favourite though. The‘Crimson Crush’ blight resistant tomatoes Itried outdoors did not succumb to blight butneither did they manage to ripen any fruit.



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BUCKLER LEAF SORREL

The pretty leaves ofthis herb are a littleless sharp than ordinarysorrel, but still have anintense, zesty flavour. Thecompact nature of theplant makes it ideal forcontainer growers. Givethe roots plenty of room

to grow, place your potin a shady spot and keepwell watered.

LEMONBALM

This perennial herb hasa tempting lemon aromaand tastes wonderful intea, drinks, puddings andsalads. The flowers attractmany pollinators, althoughallowing plants to runto seed does affect thefoliage. Try leaving some

to bloom, while cuttingback others to maintainthe supply of lush foliage.

GINGERMINT

This stunning stripedherb is also known asVietnamese mint, and hasan unusual ginger aromaand flavour. As well asthe leaves (which tastefantastic in drinks andhome-made mint sauce)its lilac flowers are also

edible. The herb is fairlyinvasive so try keepingyour plants in pots.

LEMON VERBENA

The interesting lemonytaste of this sweet-smelling herb makes itideal for using in teas,cocktails, desserts orflavoured butters. It isa perennial plant but isbest kept under coverduring the cooler weather

and grown in full sunthroughout the warmsummer months.

MEXICAN TARRAGON The leaves of this herb– which is actually amember of the marigoldfamily – have an anise-like flavour and can beused as a substitute toFrench tarragon. It likeswarm conditions and isbest grown under cover.

Keep this crop away fromfrosts in winter and coversecurely with fleece.

Not only do herbs look great growing in a kitchen garden, butthese leafy crops can add a whole new dimension to your cooking

5 HERBS to grow this year1 2 3 4 5



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Grow like a pro: Broad Beans

Broad beans can be started betweenOctober and February, and if youbegin early you’ll be rewarded with

one of the first harvests of spring. You’ll needto choose a hardy variety such as ‘AquadulceClaudia’ and sow in a sunny position in well-drained soil that has had a good layer ofcompost worked in.

Crimson-flowered types are some ofthe most beautiful and dwarf varieties areexcellent if your plot is in an exposed areaas their compact shape protects them from

wind damage. Luckily, spring-sown beans willcrop only a few weeks later than those started

in autumn, so if you haven’t sown yours yet,there is still plenty of opportunity! Growingat both times is worth considering as the

flowers are a magnet for insects and will helpencourage them into your garden. This plant

will also produce nitrogen via its roots toboost your soil.

GETTING STARTED1 Draw two wide drills 5cm deep and 60cm

apart on the veg bed.2

Place the seeds into this space, allowing20cm between each one.3 Cover over and mark the rows with short

canes and secure cloche hoops. It’s best touse netting at first so you can keep an eyeon the beans for germination.

4 Water regularly every two weeks unlessrainfall has been heavy.

Provide good air flow around the plantsby keeping sowings sparse. This will avoidchocolate spot, which occurs after cool, dampperiods of weather. If you spot this problem,be sure to gather all the infected foliage andburn it to kill off any spores. Remember notto compost this waste as it will encouragefurther spread.

CONTINUED CAREUse horticultural fleece only in severe

weather conditions. Make sure it’s nottouching the leaves and is supported wellenough to cope with the weight of snow. It’salso a good idea to check for signs of mice

which will target your crop. After the worst of the winter, remove

the fleece and push canes vertically into theground around the outside of your doublerows. Then attach more canes horizontallyto make a fence – I find this is strongerand supports the beans better than simple

wigwams tied with twine.Taking the tops off the plant regularly

encourages the crop to concentrate onproducing pods and prevents black flyinfestations from targeting the sappy leaves.

HOW TO HARVESTPick the pods when the beans inside are thesize of your thumb print. Once the first yieldsbegin to develop near the base of the plant,pinch out 7cm off the tops. Leave a few crops

to continue growing and they will producemore flowers which are also edible and canbe added to salads.


• Broad beans can bestored in the fridge for upto a week after harvesting,but they’re also one ofthe easiest veg to freeze.

Simply blanch them in boiling water fortwo minutes before plunging into an icebath for the same amount of time. Dry

them with kitchen roll and freeze in aplastic bag for up to a year.

GYO says

Veg guide

Le Manoir’sAnne Marie Owens gives her topexpert tips for successfully growing this tasty,

traditional veg on your plot this year


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Starting to plan this year’s crops? Make sure you consideradding this robust root to your patch

H ardy and disease-resistant, celeriacis a good addition to any beginnergrower’s veg plot. The swollen rootis relatively easy to grow and care for and,although it is not a quick-maturing crop, yourpatience will be rewarded come harvest time.

As the similarity in names suggests, celeryand celeriac were bred from the same wildplant and produce crops with comparableflavours. Try grating it over salads or cookingcubes in stews and hearty winter dishes.

GETTING STARTEDCeleriac is best started in February or March.Sow your seeds thinly across a tray filled withgood quality compost and then cover verylightly with some more soil – a thin layerof around 2mm is fine. Place somewhere

warm and bright – such as a south-facing windowsill or on greenhouse staging and beprepared to wait two to three weeks beforethey germinate. When the seedlings are largeenough to handle, prick out and transplant

the crops to their own pots. Keep them in warm conditions as young plants can besusceptible to bolting.

You should aim to transfer your seedlingsinto their final growing positions around lateMay or June. Young celeriac crops do not do

well in cold weather, so postpone planting outif the temperature seems too cool. Your plantsshould be hardened off before they go outsidepermanently – this involves leaving them outfor an increasingly longer amount of timeeach day so they become acclimatised.

Choose a sunny spot with fertile, free-draining soil for your vegetables and allowroughly 30cm between each plant and 40cmbetween each row. Be careful not to bury anycrowns that are appearing – these should besitting at soil level.

CONTINUED CARECeleriac needs lots of water to thrive andthe soil should be kept continuously moistthroughout the summer. Mulching well

CELERIAC AT A GLANCESow: February - MarchPlant out: May - JuneHarvest: October - March

A beginner’s guide to:

Celeriac

20



RHS TOP 10 RHS TRIALS OFFICER

KAREN ROBBIRT REVEALS

HER FAVOURITE CELERIAC

VARIETIES FOR YOU TO TRY

ON YOUR PLOT THIS YEAR

‘Monarch’ AGMThese are quality roots with a creamyinterior and mild flavour. DT Brown 0333003 0869, dtbrownseeds.co.uk

‘Prinz’ AGM This vigorous plant shows resistance tobolting. Kings Seeds 01376 570 000,kingsseeds.com

‘Ibis’ AGM

This variety produces mid-size roots andis leaf spot resistant. More Veg 01823681 302, moreveg.co.uk

‘Asterix’ F1 This type shows plenty of vigour toovercome adverse conditions. KingsSeeds 01376 570 000, kingsseeds.com

‘Monet ‘F1 As an early variety, ‘Monet’ is quickgrowing for an early harvest. Mole Seeds01206 213 213, molesseeds.co.uk

‘Albin’This variety is high yielding and producesmid-size roots of good quality and flavour.Unwins 0844 573 8400, unwins.co.uk

‘Giant Prague’This heirloom variety results in largeroots. Wallis Seeds, 01245 360 413,wallis-seeds.co.uk

‘Brilliant’Mid-size, smooth roots are typical of thistype of celeriac. AJP Growers 01275 333079, ajpgrowers.co.uk

‘Ilona’ F1An early maturing variety which displaysvigorous growth. DT Brown 0333 0030869, dtbrownseeds.co.uk

‘Mars’

This type creates a crop with quality tasteand texture. Plants of Distinction 01449711 005, plantsofdistinction.co.uk

around the base of the plants will helpconserve moisture.

Keep the area clear of unwanted plants,but be careful when weeding as celeriac hasshallow roots and hoeing can disturb growth.

Remove any sideshoots that appear andpick off excessive outer leaves, as well as anythat start to wilt or die. This will expose thecrown and encourage its development.

Pests to look out for include voraciousslugs and snails, which can be particularlydamaging during the early stages of yourplants’ development. Make sure you havecontrol methods in place – a barrier of brokenegg shells is believed to stop them in theirtracks, as is sawdust or copper tape. Thelarvae of celery leaf miner can be equally asdestructive, too. These tunnel through leaves,affecting the growth and health of the plantbut growing under fleece or mesh can preventsuch attacks. Celeriac is also susceptible toa couple of diseases, including celery mosaic

virus (which causes stunted growth and the

production of mottled and yellow leaves)and celery leaf spot (which results in brownspots on leaves). As with most diseases, goodhygiene, crop rotation and the proper care ofplants can limit the chance of infection.

HARVESTINGCeleriac is usually ready from aroundOctober when you can see the rootsprotruding from the ground. These can belifted right until the following March.

They can be left in the ground untilrequired or you can remove them from theplot to store in spare ground or in woodencrates full of sand or potting compost in afrost-free location. If you are leaving themin the ground over winter, cover the eartharound the crops with straw to preventthe earth becoming frozen anddifficult to work with. This willsave you a difficult job whenit comes to picking up your

yields when you need them.

Veg guide

21



Veg guide

Save money and select recommended crops from fellowgrowers with these handy tips

O ne of the most wonderful thingsabout gardening is that there’salways something new todiscover. Unfortunately, many growersdon’t have the time, space or moneyto try every variety they’d like to. Withthese quick tips you can ensure youmake the right decisions by utilising

the resources around you.

START ASKING QUESTIONS A good way of helping you find theperfect crop is to ask around. Thisis especially useful if you own anallotment – your neighbouring plotholders will be growing in the sameconditions as you, so anything that’sdone well for them has a high chance

of working for you, too. You’ll havealso had the opportunity to see thebounty of their successes growingalongside your edibles last season.

Start doing some detective work, what crops are people growing? What varieties would they recommend? Arethere any tips they discovered to make

life easier? If there’s one person on your allotment who produces fruitand veg that makes other gardenersgreen with envy, ask if they have anyto spare and offer up one of yoursuccessful edibles in return.

Saved seeds are ideal to swapas they’re easy to transport fromone plot to another, and they’re thesecond generation of crops that will be

genetically adapted to the environmentthat the parent plant flourished in. It’simportant to keep this in mind if you’relooking to grow them in a differenttype of soil or alternative conditions,as this may impact the levels of

success. Always try to organise a swapas close to home as possible as this will maximise your chances of fantastic yields. There are plenty of growingguides online to compensate for theinformation you’d find on the back ofa purchased packet, including GYO ’s

website growfruitandveg.co.uk

PROPAGATION Another option is to take cuttings fromfruit and veg growing on someoneelse’s plot. This is only possible

with certain types, such as shrubbyperennials like rosemary, thyme andsage. To do this, cut the crop 8cmfrom the top at the point on the stem

where leaves emerge. Then place it ina glass of water in a light place untilroots develop. It’s also possible todivide edibles with rampant growinghabits such as mint by lifting the wholething from the soil and breaking it intoseveral smaller plants with your hands,being careful not to cause too muchdamage to the roots.

Layering is a natural methodof propagation that is typical ofraspberries and blackberries. Thestems of these bushes are thin andcan easily reach the ground wherethey produce shoots to create a wholenew plant. Choose the best specimenpossible and cut off a branch carryinga shoot from mid to late spring andbury it in a suitable spot on your plot,7.5cm under the surface. As long as thesoil is kept moist, the cutting shouldestablish in its new environment.

Affordable ways to

BOOST YOUR PLOT

“SAVED SEEDS ARE IDEAL TO SWAP AS

THEY ARE EASY TO TRANSPLANT FROMONE PLOT TO ANOTHER”

Choose thebest specimenpossible and cutoff a branch


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SEASON AHEADGet your plot ready for the new growing year

Although the main part of the sowing seasonis still a little way off, there is plenty to do onthe allotment and in the garden this month.

Preparation is key to the success of the yearahead, so pull on your warm clothes, grab

your tools and get ready.

DIGGING GROUNDObviously, one of the most important partsof any edible garden is the matter in which

you will be growing your fruit and veg. Thereare a few different schools of thought on this,including digging vs no dig methods, growinggreen manures, covering empty soil andmore. There is no right or wrong answer, it isdependent on what works for you, the type ofground you will be growing in and how much

time you have at your disposal.If you sit firmly in the camp that believes

in giving your soil a good dig over, there is


also a number of ways you can do this. Tillersand rotovators are available in a multitudeof shapes, sizes and powers, and you can get

forks, spades, hoes, trowels and weeders inall different lengths and weights – from small,slight hand tools right through to hefty, longhandled ones.

Another factor that will influence yourdecision is the type of soil you have, whetherit be heavy clay, light and sandy or anythingin between. Although it may seem temptingto dig grit into the heavier soils, this doesn’tactually have much of an affect without thequantities being extremely large – far betteris the practice of digging in plenty of organicmatter, such as manure, or bark that hasbroken down. Sandy soils will also benefit

from the addition of a well-rotted, moistureretentive organic matter being dug in, such asleaf mould or your very own garden compost.

Prepare for the H O W T O


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Veg guide

Chase organic seaweed mealThis slow-acting, long lasting plant food

is rich in trace elements that conditionsoil and help to build up the structure. Itshould be applied it to the surface andlightly raked in up to three months prior

to planting. By this time it will have beenadequately broken down by thesoil bacteria, giving

the ground a boost inpreparation for thegrowing season ahead.It’s also an excellentlawn food giving stronggrowth and rich colour. Thisproduct is organic and animal free, too.The Organic Gardening Catalogue01932 878 570, organiccatalogue.com

Vigo Pressestripod ladderThese light aluminiumladders are suitable forall types of orchard work,giving access right into the crown of fruit trees.They are ideal for pruningand harvesting fruit, andhave one adjustable

leg for level and stablesteps on moderately

uneven or sloping terrain.The top rail offers one-handed support whilstworking, or for leaning

against. Wide, clawed feet are designed tograb soft ground and so prevent slippingor sudden sinking. It is incredibly light forease of carriage and storage. The safeworking load is 100kg.Vigo Presses 01404 890 093,vigopresses.co.uk

Slug bellThe Slug Bell is a

child, pet and wildlifesafe addition to anygrowing space,as it prevents theaccidental picking up ofany poison pellets thatmay be usedin some gardens. It is not affected bywatering , and is rain proof, too. With anattractive flower pattern, it blends with itssurroundings. The whole slug bell can bemoved around the garden, and you don’thave to keep a constant eye on it, so youcan go on holiday and come back to a

slug and snail free garden.Slug Bell 01932 221 501, slugbell.com

GREAT TOOLS TO HELPPREPARE YOUR PLOT

TOOLS, TRAYS AND FLEECES Your inventory of tools, trays, pots and canesmay well have been done as you cleared yourplot, but sometimes when rain is pouring and

winds are blowing, it seemed a lot easier justto bung everything in your shed and make adash for home and a nice, hot cup of tea. Ifthis was the case, you are likely now faced

with hoes caked in dried mud, pots filled withcobwebs and (probably) snail shells and atangle of canes, with little idea of what willbe usable in the coming months. This is theperfect excuse to pull everything out – wipedown tools and assess them for any damageor disrepair, clean pots and cloches with

warm soapy water to wash away any lingeringpests or diseases, check over plant supportsand make a note of anything that needs to bereplaced. Also have a look at any fleece ornetting you have in your shed and check it forrips or holes.

CHOOSE YOUR SEEDSUndeniably one of the most enjoyable partsof the growing season is takingstock of the seeds you own andgoing through catalogues tofind new varieties you wouldlike to try. It is worth assessing

what worked well for you inthe previous year, what you didand didn’t enjoy, and anything

your allotment neighbours weregrowing that particularly piqued

your interest. When ordering seeds,

remember to keep in mind the space you have to grow, the amount of timeand care certain plants need and (thismay sound obvious) what you liketo eat. Making sure your choices tick

these boxes means you don’t run the risk ofmany unopened seed packets remaining in

your stash for years, bought on a whim.

PRUNE TREES AND BUSHESThis is a job that many gardeners areapprehensive of, but it is an important partof plot preparation to help keep fruit treesand bushes producing healthy growth andbumper harvests. Don’t be afraid to askmore seasoned growers for advice! Also,there are plenty of hints and tips to be foundonline – our forum (which can be found atgrowfruitandveg.co.uk) is home to manyhelpful, friendly gardeners more than willingto share their own personal techniques onthis, and much more. Before getting started,make sure you have the appropriate kit – asharp pair of secateurs and pruning saw area must. Sharp tools minimise the chanceof damaging the plant as you work. Also, a

ladder is always useful for getting to thosehigher branches safely.



Useful advice to help you get the best harvests from your‘Black Beauty’ aubergines

Veg guide

Top growing tips for your

FREE SEEDSA

ubergines are a firm favourite withgardeners from all over the UK,and new cultivars that are specially

adapted to the British climate have made thiscrop a strong contender for space on anyplot. This guide will focus on tips for caring

for your ‘Black Beauty’ plants once you’vesown the free seeds included in this issue(digital copies excluded).

‘Black Beauty’ often produces a highnumber of large purple fruits which can beincluded in a range of Mediterranean dishes.Depending on weather conditions, each plant

will provide up to five aubergines, and so justa couple of plants have the potential to keep

you in veg throughout the season.

CREATING IDEAL CONDITIONSThis veg is versatile and can be grown undercover or outside. However, for the best yields

a greenhouse or polytunnel is perfect as theycan provide the warmth that aubergines needto thrive. Keep in mind that this crop can

AUBERGINE AT A GLANCESow: January-AprilHarvest: August-October

Pests to watch out forThe sappy leaves that aubergine plants

produce makes them a target for aphidsand whitefly. Check the underside of youngfoliage regularly for these small insects, whichcome in a variety of colours including white,green, black and yellow. You may also noticea sticky substance that they create. If youspot an infestation, squash these pests withyour fingers, or spray affected areas withgarlic-infused water to keep them at bay. Thisshouldn’t cause major damage to your cropsif controlled, and yields will still be edible.

Red spider mite can also become a threatif conditions are hot and dry. To prevent thisinsect from taking over, remember to mistyour crops regularly. However, if you spota mottled pattern on the leaves or fine silk

webbing on yourplants then youmay already havea problem. For anorganic solution,introduce thebiocontrol predatorymite, which is abug that can bepurchased online.

reach 120cm tall, so allow plenty of spacein your final growing spot. It’s important toremember that plants outside on the plot willstart cropping later in the year and producesmaller fruits due to the cooler temperatures.

These edibles are as greedy as they are

productive, so you’ll need to keep a closeeye on the soil. Make sure the ground iskept constantly moist and feed the crops

with a high-potash fertiliser (such as tomatofeed) on a fortnightly basis once the firstflowers have set, which usually happensaround August. As the fruits become larger,

you’ll also need to stake your edibles forextra support to deal with the increasing

weight. Even though it seems an eternityaway right now, another important task is todamp down greenhouse pathways during hotsummer days if you’re growing auberginesunder cover. This will help to increase

the humidity of the atmosphere whichencourages the development of strong andhealthy yields.

Turn over for

step-by-step sowing guide➤



D espite a reputation for being tricky togrow, aubergines are a great additionto your plot. With their beautiful,shiny skins that range in colour from deeppurple to striped and even creamy white, theylook attractive on the allotment, and bring adelicious, rich taste to a whole multitude ofdifferent meals.

Aubergines can be grown outside in milderclimates, but these plants thrive particularly

well under cover in a greenhouse orpolytunnel – especially if your area is proneto inclement weather. You will need to tie theplants in, as the heavy fruits can cause thestems to bend and even break. They will alsoneed regular watering and feeding in order tothrive – however, the resulting harvests aremore than worth the effort!

Remember to keep an eye out for aphidsand whitefly, which are sap-sucking insectsthat will target the leaves and young buds of

your crops. Squash them on sight and checkplants regularly to keep on top of infestations.

Follow these simple steps and impress yourallotment neighbours with the addition of this

versatile vegetable to your plot.

Sow your seeds now and enjoy bountifulharvests of these glossy fruits in summerAubergines

Prepare small pots or modules by filling themwith a good quality potting compost and gentlylevelling this out. Finely scatter your seeds over

the surface of the compost – two or three percell is ideal, or slightly more if using a pot.

Next you need to carefully cover the seedsover with a thin layer of your chosen compostor vermiculite if you have some in your pottingshed. This should be at a depth of around0.5cm for the best results.

Water the seeds in gently. Be sure not towaterlog the pots, but at the same time make

sure they get a good drink. Place them in eithera greenhouse or propagator, which give ideal

temperatures for germination.

Label the pot with the variety you are growing.This helps eliminate confusion when lots of

different crops are at the seedling stage andallows you to give the appropriate care to eachof your plants.

1

3 4

2

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Water the plants well. If you are unable to plantoutside, or want to keep your plants under

cover, a five litre pot should do the trick – and these can remain under cover in a greenhouseor polytunnel if preferred.

As your plants grow on, they will need stakingfor support and will require regular watering.

When flowers start to appear, make sure youfeed the plant each week with a high-potashliquid feed. Tomato fertiliser works well for this.

Seedlings should start to appear inapproximately a week, at which point you shouldremove the pots or trays from your propagatorand place them on a windowsill where the youngplants can continue to establish.

Once your seedlings reach a height of about2cm, it is time to pot them on. Gently loosen

the compost around the plants and tease themout – remembering to always hold on to a leafrather than the stem.

Place each seedling into an individual pot orcell of multipurpose compost. Firm down gentlyand water in well. Place the pot on a brightwindowsill or under glass in a greenhouse orpolytunnel to provide continued protection.

Plants are able to be moved to their finalspots once all risk of frost has passed – this isusually around May time (but do keep an eyeon your local forecast, particularly if your area issusceptible to inclement weather).

5 6

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Veg guide

• Pinching out thegrowing tip of youraubergine plant willencourage thicker lateralgrowth. This also means

that your plant doesn’t get too topheavy, which is a common problemwith this particular crop. Restrictingthe amount of fruits setting by pinchingout the flowers after approximately fivefruits have set is also a good idea, asthis will prevent the plant becomingweighed down, and will allow allof the available energy to be put intofully ripening the existing fruits.

• Generally, aubergines will be readyfor harvesting after around 20 weeks,

although there are some indicators youcan use as to when they are ripe aswell. Fruits that are plump and shinyare generally ready to be picked, butthis can vary between varieties, assome will have less obviously glossyskins than others.

• Pick your aubergines when you areready to use them, as they do not storewell. You can place them in the fridge,which will extend their life a little bit,but in general it is best to use themas soon after harvesting as you can.However, if you do end up with a glut

you’re struggling to use up, the bestcourse of action is to cook the fruitsinto sauces and soups, which can bevery successfully frozen and used at alater date.

TOP tips


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Take a step back in timewith Judith Conroy as she

looks at seeds with historyand why you should be growing them

Heritage vegetables are so-calledbecause they have often been grown formany generations and can have ratherfascinating histories. The importance ofthese varieties lies in the fact that theyare produced through open pollination.Many modern crops are F1 hybrids– the first generation crosses of twodistinctly different, inbred varieties.They tend to have traits which aredesirable in large scale production suchas uniformity, simultaneous ripening orability to cope with a particular disease.Seed saved from F1 fruit and vegetables

will not come true to type (or mayeven be sterile) so fresh seed has to bebought each year.


Open-pollinated varieties aredifferent. Seed can be saved yearafter year and will bear its parents’characteristics. There is a lot ofgenetic diversity within a population

which means these types are very adaptable to environmentalconditions and tend to have abroader ability to cope with pestsand diseases than others. Gardenershave saved seed and developed

vegetable varieties for thousandsof years but it has become muchneglected in recent history, despitebeing just as much a part of thegrowing process as the sowing andharvesting elements.

THE HERITAGE SEED LIBRARY

During the 1970s many seedcatalogues reduced the numberof cultivars offered for sale whennew legislation meant that each

variety had to be registered on anational list at considerable expense.Garden Organic’s founder LawrenceD. Hills identified this threat andestablished the Heritage Seed Libraryto conserve the important geneticdiversity of food crops. The library isa living collection (not a seed bank)and each variety is grown as oftenas possible to produce fresh seed

with new varieties added as they arediscovered (or, in fact rediscovered).

Garden Organic masterclass

HERITAGE

VARIETIES


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GROWING OPENPOLLINATED CROPS• Seek out varieties that are not labelled‘F1’ – many seed suppliers offer both F1 andopen pollinated seeds. There is also an ‘open-

pollinated seeds’ logo that is increasingly used.Look out for smaller companies specialisingin this such as Real Seeds. Garden Organicmembers can join the Heritage Seed Library tosupport their work and access seed.

• Start saving your own seed – there are booksand courses available on the topic. Try this outwith annual crops such as peas, beans and

tomatoes. As you find out more, progress ontobiennials like carrots and brassicas.

• Try growing varieties that originated in yourlocal area (often – but not always – givenaway by the name). You may find that theyare particularly suited to your soil or other

local conditions.• Open pollinated varieties carry widegenetic diversity and can readily adapt to localconditions. It is possible to develop a crop tosuit your microclimate or personal preferencesby saving seed from the plants that have thequalities you value most – those that have donebest on your plot, taste better, stay small, growlarger etc.

Urban gardens

• Pea ‘Hugh’s Huge’. Like many older peasthis tall plant produces a crop over a longseason unlike many F1 hybrids which ripen allat once resulting in a glut. Thought to be atleast 80 years old, it was given to HSL donorMr Kemp by Hugh Cutting, a representative of

the local water authority in the 1980s, whoacquired seed while undertaking a well survey.

• Tomato ‘Sub Arctic Plenty’. Offeredby Thompson and Morgan in the 1970sand sent to the Heritage Seed Library byMrs Hutchings of Warminster. An earlyvariety that will set fruit in colder conditions,developed in the 1940s to provide the

US Air Force stationed in Greenland withfresh tomatoes.

• Broad bean ‘Crimson Flowered’. Thought to date back to at least 1778 thisvariety was lost until 1978 when 73 yearold Rhoda Cutbush donated seeds to theHeritage Seed Library. This plant that livesup to its name has been used to promote

the work of the seed library, is on thenational list and back in seed catalogues.

VEGETABLES IN THE COLLECTION INCLUDE:

• The Heritage Seed Librarygardenorganic.org.uk/hsl

• Open Pollinated Seedopen-pollinated-seeds.org.uk

Useful links

Veg guide

Why not try to save yourown seed and preserve yourown garden heritage? Thiscan be very simply doneand can help you to produce

crops that are already used to your localconditions. In theory, this helps make eachnew generation of vegetables stronger andmore fruitful than the last. However, dobe aware that some varieties are liable tocrossing with other plants of the same type

but a different variety. The experimentationcan be fun, but if you are looking to keepstrains pure, be sure to do some researchinto your specific crops and how to preventthis crossing.

Here is a brief list of some of the best seedsto save on your plot:

• Chilli peppers • Tomatoes • Beans• Peas • Radishes • Carrots • Kale• Courgettes (and other squashes)

GYO says



January is a busy time for gardeners,there’s plans to be made and seedsto be sown, but it’s best not to rush

into decisions when it comes to choosingthis year’s crops. Before you make thatcommitment and purchase your seed supplyfor the forthcoming season, take the time toconsider which types will be most suited to

your growing space.

WHAT DIFFERENCE DOVARIETIES MAKE?

You may have a clear vision about whatedibles you’d like to grow this year, but it’sa good idea to consider what suits you best.

For example, if you’re short on space and want to grow in containers, dwarf varieties will be ideal. If previous efforts have fallen victim to fungal diseases, look out for packetsthat outline a resistance to these problems.F1 hybrids are the result of cross-pollinatingdifferent variations of the same veg in orderto create a plant that possesses the goodqualities of each parent – for example, high-

yielding and early crop production. However,if you want to keep things traditional on theplot, try heritage varieties which have been

relied upon for generations due to particularlydesirable qualities, such as great flavour. Turnto page 30 for more information on this.

BUYING SEEDS FORTHE YEAR AHEAD

Useful information to help you choose the best varieties for your plot


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EXOTICSBeing able to grow fruit and veg from foreignlands is an exciting prospect that manygardeners relish. However, before you pay outfor seeds that can be expensive, remember todo some research beforehand. Edibles from

warmer climates aren’t likely to flourish in theunpredictable British weather. These varietiesoften need a sheltered spot with increasedhumidity, which can be achieved with apolytunnel or heated greenhouse. If you don’t

have to room for either of these, it might bebest to stick to the more traditional crops.

GROWING IN POTSDwarf varieties are ideal for these conditionsas they don’t need an expansive root systemto be productive. Try aubergine ‘Pinstripe’or broad bean ‘Robin Hood’. Keep the soilconstantly moist as containers can only holda limited amount of water and will dehydratequickly. Depending on the needs of the plant,

you might also be required to feed youredibles on a weekly or fortnightly basis.It’s important to remember that these types

will produce smaller yields, and so might notbe suitable for growers looking for show-

worthy veg.

some of the more reliable examples, andcan last up to 10 years. Beetroot, chard andcarrots will expire within two to three yearsand parsnips within one. The amount of

veg you plan to grow should come into thisconsideration, as it’s best to avoid buyinga large packet of a short-lived variety if

you won’t make good use of them. Buy justenough for the season ahead and replenishthis each year to give yourself a high successrate and reduce the risk of unnecessarydisappointment this season. If you do find

yourself with excess seeds, you can alwaysswap and share with plot neighbours.

CONDITIONSIf you’re unsure what type of soil you have,tester kits are available to buy online or atmany good garden centres. This piece ofequipment will tell you the pH balance ofthe earth – a neutral reading of about sixor seven is ideal and will be suitable for themajority of crops. Anything below thesenumbers show that the ground is acidic, anda dosage of sulphur or ferrous sulphate willneed to be added. A recording above the idealmeasurements is alkaline which will require

you to add lime.If you’re a fan of under cover growing,

polytunnels can create high levels of humidity,especially in the summer. This is perfect forcrops such as melons and chillies, but ediblesthat are susceptible to fungal diseases liketomatoes may develop problems in this space.For this reason, you’ll need to carefully planhow many seeds to buy, as squeezing plantsinto unsuitable spaces could result in poor

yields and plant losses.

STORING YOUR SEEDSIf you have any packets leftover, rememberto keep an eye on their expiration date asthe chance of success is significantly reducedif the seeds are sown past this time. Theyshould be kept in a cool, dry, dark space –storage tins are available to purchase onlinethat will provide these conditions, but amakeshift cardboard box will also be fine ifkept in an appropriate place.

Different seeds will have varying shelf

lives, cucumbers and tomatoes are among



KEN MUIRWith over 50 years experience, Ken Muir prides itself on providingonly the highest quality fruit trees, soft fruits, canes and vines.Essential information is included with each purchase to ensureevery grower has success with their plants.Order your catalogue now by calling 01255 830 181 or go onlineat kenmuir.co.uk to find out more.

MR FOTHERGILL’S SEEDSWith one of the UK’s largest seed ranges, Mr Fothergill’s is a

trusted name among British gardeners. Special offers include twopackets of seed free with every seed order and save up to 20per cent on all seeds when you buy five packets. To request your

catalogue, call 0845 371 0518 or visit mr-fothergills.co.uk

D.T. BROWN SEEDSRequest your free, new season catalogue from the seedexperts at D.T. Brown Seeds. At nearly 200 pages, it’s the mostcomprehensive offering of vegetable seeds and plants, potatoes,onion sets, fruit and flowers across the UK. All seeds orderscome with a free trial packet of seeds and labels. To request yourcatalogue call 0845 371 0532 or visit dtbrownseeds.co.uk

SIMPSONS SEEDSFrom the mildest chillies to

the nation’s hottest, tomatoesbursting with flavour to crisp salad

leaves and root veg, SimpsonsSeeds has produced an exciting

seed and plant catalogue for theUK grower. This will help you to

make excellent crop choices for the season. To request a copy,phone 01985 845 004 or visit

simpsonsseeds.co.uk

CJ WILDLIFECJ Wildlife have published

their first wildlife guide,featuring a selection of theirbest-selling products to helpyou care for your gardenwildlife. To request yourfree copy, call 0800 7312820 or visit the websitebirdfood.co.uk/wildlifeguide


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PLANTS OF DISTINCTIONThe Plants of Distinction Catalogue contains an exciting collectionof flower and vegetable seeds, including favourite varieties fromyears gone by as well as the latest introductions from breedersworldwide. For the kitchen gardener, there is a fabulous selectionof vegetable varieties. To request your free copy of the catalogue,call 01206 307 999 or visit plantsofdistinction.co.uk

TWO WESTS & ELLIOTTThis year’s Two West’s & Elliott catalogue is packed witheverything you need for your greenhouse and garden, includingpropagators, plant supports, ventilation, cloches, wateringequipment, shading, heaters, raised beds and more.

Call 01246 451 077 to order your free catalogue or visit twowests.co.uk to find out more about this range.

MARSHALLSThe Marshalls 2016 catalogue will be launching in January andit’s got plenty to offer growers. The content is packed with greatproducts, and the benefit of free fertiliser with every seed order.There’s a huge range to choose from, including vegetable seedsand fruit trees. To get a copy of the catalogue, call MarshallsSeeds today on 0844 557 6788 or visit marshalls-seeds.co.uk

PREMIERPOLYTUNNELSPremier Polytunnels have 30

years experience in the designand development of polytunnels.

This allows for the productionof high quality, strong, reliable

products at an affordable price,backed up by the very best

customer service. Call for a freebrochure on 01282 811 250 or

visit premierpolytunnels.co.uk

THE MAMMOTHONIONSRobinson’s Mammoth VegetableSeeds was established in 1860and specialises in vegetableswhich taste as good as they look.New and exclusive for 2016 are

the sets of the French heritageonion variety ‘Rose of Roscoff’.The company has been reliedupon by keen exhibitors for over100 years. To order a copy of the

catalogue call 01524 791 210 orgo to mammothonion.co.uk



ORGANIC GARDENING CATALOGUEThe Organic Gardening Catalogue offers a comprehensive rangeof seeds and gardening supplies, with all purchases helping tosupport Garden Organic, which is the national charity for organicgrowing. With over 50 new varieties for 2016, highlights includecarrot ‘Cosmic Purple’ and gherkin ‘Salt and Pepper’. Call 01932878 570 for your free copy or visit organiccatalogue.com

BUCKINGHAM NURSERIESThe Buckingham Nurseries website is well visited andcustomers relish the information and photographs. However,

the good old-fashioned catalogue is still very well loved,especially by those with a log fire to sit in front of whenbrowsing through it. It has 34 pages packed with informationon hedging, trees, top fruit, soft fruit, Japanese acers andground cover plants, so apply for your free copy by calling01280 827 925 or visit hedging.co.uk

SEEDS OF ITALY Franchi are a seven-generationfamily business that has beenselling seeds since 1783 toprovide crops with provenanceand flavour. The company isbased in Bergamo, Italy, whichhas the same amount of rainas Cardiff. The Franchi brandhas been approved by The SlowFood and Vegetarian Society.Go to seedsofitaly.com or call020 8427 5020.

WALCOT NURSERY The catalogue from WalcotNursery describes the wide

selection of organic fruit trees,such as apples, plums, pears,

cherries and quinces available to buy by post, phone and

online – this also includes well-established varieties and recent

introductions. Order your copy bypost, by calling 01905 841 587,

or online at walcotnursery.co.uk

DOBIESCATALOGUEThis year Rob Smith, winnerof the BBC Big AllotmentChallenge, has joined Dobiesof Devon with a special rangeof heritage veg, speciallychosen for their good looks andincredible taste. Rated 5 starfor value by Which? For moreinformation call 0844 9670303 or visit dobies.co.uk

SUTTONSCATALOGUE

Suttons 2016 seed catalogueincludes over 100 new varieties

of vegetable and flowerseeds. Try James Wong’s new‘Grow for Flavour’ selection orsupport Cancer Research UKwith their new special range.Proud recipients of the Royal

Warrant since 1871. For moreinformation call 0844 326 2200

or visit suttons.co.uk



Garden shop

GARDENERS JOURNALGIFT SET (£14.95)Garden Divas 01462 421 836 ,

gardendivas.co.uk

GARDEN JOURNAL(£14.99)

Home and Garden Centre,homeandgardencentre.co.uk

SARAH RAVEN DIARY2016 (£12.95) Sarah Raven

03450 920 283, sarahraven.com

SOPHIE CONRANGARDENER’S

JOURNAL (£14.95)Burgon and Ball 01142 338262, burgonandball.com RHS PLANT

NOTEBOOK (£7.99)RHS shop 01483 211 320,

rhsshop.co.uk

Stay on top of key tasks this season with these great products

Pick of the cropGARDEN DIARIES

AND JOURNALS



A t this time of year we’re bombarded with catalogues offering us a plethoraof gadgets for the garden. Most of usdon’t have the space to store even a handfulof the products on the market so selectingthose that really are useful is key. When Ibought my heated windowsill propagator afew years ago I did wonder whether it wouldbe just another item taking up valuable space

Many crops will germinate at much lowertemperatures, lettuce, for instance, will sproutat only 2 oC but most seeds will germinatemore quickly in warmer conditions. Use

your heated propagator if you want to growmicrogreens on your windowsill or in anunheated greenhouse. Sow batches everymonth from October to February and you’llhave a regular supply of micro leaves.

Even if you can provide extra heat, lightlevels are still low at the beginning of the

year. Plants need water, light, CO 2 and heatto grow, if any of these factors are too lowthey will impact on growth. Heat withoutenough light can produce weak and spindlyseedlings, so it’s important to not sow tooearly. It’s also worth considering whether youhave enough space to grow on your youngplants until they can happily survive outdoors.

EXTRA USESIf you want to propagate your edible plantsfrom cuttings then a heated propagator willcome in useful for this, too. They are alsoideal for rooting cuttings of dahlias and

Give your plants the protection theyneed with this in-depth guide topropagators from garden author Louise Curley

Turn up theHEAT

in the house, would it eventually become thegardening equivalent of the juicer gatheringdust in a cupboard? I couldn’t have beenmore wrong as it is now an essential pieceof my gardening kit. I bought it primarily toget a head start with my spring seed sowingbut as I’ve discovered, it has proved useful inothers ways, too.

EARLY SEED SOWINGHeated propagators come into their own inlate winter and spring when the extra warmth

will help seeds to germinate, allowing youto extend your growing season. Some crops– tender plants from warmer climates suchas chillies, aubergines and peppers – needa minimum temperature of 16 oC in order togerminate, although the optimum temperaturefor aubergines, for example, is 24-32 oC. Theyalso need a long growing season so that theyhave time to ripen before autumn arrives.This means these seeds need to be started offearly, in February or March, not the warmesttime of the year which is where the extra heatcomes in useful.


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chrysanthemums – classic allotment flowers.Heat around the base of a cutting encouragesnew roots to form. Speeding up this process

will make your propagation attempts moresuccessful, as these can fail because they rotbefore roots have the chance to develop.

Not all seeds need extra heat to germinatebut those left to sit in cold, damp compostcan rot before they’ve been able to spring intolife. Compost in early spring will feel cold totouch, and even seeds which don’t need extraheat to grow won’t find this a welcomingenvironment. You can use your heatedpropagator to warm up the matter for a dayor so before sowing, then if the seeds don’tneed extra heat to germinate, simply removethe tray and place on a windowsill or pottingbench and sow as usual.

DIFFERENT PROPAGATORSThere are a range of heated propagators tochoose from depending on your availablespace and what you want to grow. So whichtypes work well for which tasks in the garden?

And which will most suit your growing needs?

Fixed temperature base propagators havea thermostat fitted within the watertight baseand are designed to keep the temperature at19 oC – optimum for most crops.

Windowsill propagators are perfect ifspace is tight. These tend to heat the baset

Documents

Grow Your Own - January 2016 UK