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8/22/2019 Group Psychotherapy Stages Feb 24
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Group PsychotherapyStages and IssuesYalom 11, 12 and Corey 4, 5
February 24, 2012
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Formative Stages of the Group
Every group is unique
Undergoes singular development
Course is often complex andunpredictable
BUT
Group dynamic forces operate Possible to have schema of
developmental stages
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The Five Stage Model
Forming: tasks of member engagementand affiliation
Storming: focus on control, power, status,
competition and individual differences
Norming : identify and set standards, testroles, negotiation and compromise
Performing: working, intimacy, genuinecohesion, constructive interactions
Adjourning: termination issues
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Group Developmental Phasesare CONSTRUCTS
They exist for the purpose of conceptualization
They are not clearly demarcated
They are not necessarily linear
Phases may repeat
Focus perhaps should be on the Developmental
tasks of the group which may have to be dealtwith repeatedly from different perspectives anddepths
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Typical Early Concerns: In orOut?
Orientation
Identifying primary task
Social relationship (acceptance and approval)
Hesitant Participation
Search for Meaning
Dependency
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Content and CommunicationStyles
The cocktail party dynamic
Superficiality
Restriction of content in favour oftranquility
Search for similarities
Advice sharing
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Second Stage Processes: Topor Bottom
Conflict
Among members and between members and leaders
oughts and shoulds in a peer court
Dominance Struggle for control and status
Overt or covert, various roles
Rebellion
Hostility towards therapist
Dependency and Counter dependency
The Primal Horde / Freud
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Therapist Issues
Comfort with Leadership
Comfort with Conflict and Hostility
Understanding transference distortion
Unhealthy self protection
Therapist countertransference
Over-benevolence
Aloof / distance
Inhibits group development and leads eg todisplaced aggression and scapegoating
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Paradigm of Group Change
The intrinsic process of change also leadsto conflict:
Unfreezing: Rigid attitudinal andbehavioural patterns are challenged
Change: Individuals must deal with thediscomfort of letting go of the familiar
Refreezing: Maintaining a new way ofbeing
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Stage Three: Cohesiveness near or far
This stage is characterized as having:
In-group consciousness
Group integration and mutuality Common goal and group spirit
Intimacy and trust of peers
The interpersonal world of the group is oneof balance, safety, trust and self disclosure
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Stage Three concerns
Coping with intimacy
How much to reveal
Maintenance of cohesion may inhibit negative
affect
Tension is not about dominance but aboutinternal resistances
Only when all affects can be expressed andconstructively worked through is the group reallymature
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Benefits and Costs of a DevelopmentalPerspective of Groups
Advantages
Maintaining objectivity
Charting a course
Identifying the progress or lack thereof
Disadvantages
Misuse as template
False expectations
Less genuine engagement
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