Group 7_Mumhdsakjbai Monorail_Project Management Report

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Term IV- Project Management

Analysis of Mumbai Monorail from Project Management Perspective

Group- 07

Kumar Prashant PGP/17/023

Manish Pareta PGP/17/024

Viswa Teja PGP/17/061

Abinash Kumar PGP/17/190

Yogesh Parate PGP/17/125


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[ANALYSIS OF MUMBAI MONORAIL FROM PROJECT MANAGEMENT

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Group 7 Project Management - Mumbai Monorail Page 1

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Professor Rupesh Kumar Pati for

presenting us this opportunity to work on thisproject on Analysis of Mumbai Monorail from

Project Management Perspective. The knowledge gained from this study has been immense

and there was significant application of the classroom teachings undergone. We thank him forthe continuous support and guidance provided during the course of this project. We would

also like to thank the teaching assistant of this course for her support and assistance for due

completion of the project in time.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ 3

INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3

MUMBAI MONORAIL PROJECT FEATURES: ............................................................................................. 5

PROJECT SCOPE DEFINITION: .................................................................................................................. 6

PROJECT PLANNING: ............................................................................................................................... 6

WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE: .......................................................................................................... 8

MUMBAI MONORAIL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: ............................................................................... 8

STAKEHOLDERS ....................................................................................................................................... 9

RISK ASSOCIATED WITH MUMBAI MONORAIL: .................................................................................... 15

RISK IMPACT ANALYSIS: ........................................................................................................................ 15

WHY MUMBAI MONORAIL STANDS TO FAIL: ....................................................................................... 16

RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................................................... 19

REFERENCES .......................................................................................................................................... 20


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ABSTRACT

This project is aimed to study the project management perspective of Mumbai Monorail. In

this we have analysed the project lifecycle, Stakeholders, Identified the risk, there causes and

impact and what could be the mitigation. We also analysed the current scenario from success

and failure perspective.

INTRODUCTION

Background:

Considering the increase in population, increased travel demand and narrow road networks

running through congested structures, there was a need for a system, which can be a

substitute for the existing bus system and reduce the traffic and time.

The objective was to support the existing suburban and Urban rail system and metro rail

system and was planned to construct where public rapid transit system is not available or

where widening of roads is not possible due to structures on either sides. Mono Rail system is

to be implemented by MMRDA/GOM.

The Mumbai Monorail project is a pioneer project and one of its kinds for the first time in

India. There are many innovative advances in engineering, construction and management, not

only by Indian Standards but at an International level as well. Mumbai Monorail is also the

second longest system in the world, the first being in Osaka in Japan. Although the Mumbaimonorail is the first monorail project in India, there were many other monorail projects,

which were undertaken. This makes the construction of the monorail project in Mumbai

much simpler because there already examples which were successful. Mumbai being a city,

which is densely populated, the monorail project has been a boon to the commuters. Indias

largest engineering and construction conglomerate, L&T with Malaysian based Scomi

Engineering, construct the Mumbai Monorail Project. L&T has used the AutoCAD civil 3D

software for optimized productivity, time and resources.


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Unlike conventional rail systems, the monorail operates on a single beam on an elevated

corridor. It is considered to be the worlds urban transport systems. There are a lot of changes

to be faced in the case of the Mumbai Monorail. This seemed to be an important project bothfrom L&Ts and the Maharashtras governments point of view. This is the countrys first

monorail and has secured Rs.2460 crore rupees. This is not like the conventional rail system

where the train runs on two rails, but travels on an elevated corridor. L&T was to design,

construct, and install, test and commission the monorail project. But apart from the

engineering aspects, there are many other aspects, which are to be considered for this project.

Mumbai is a city with a high population density and the planning is to be done in such a way

that the present living condition of the citizens should not be altered. There would be

challenges from the local people and other stakeholders. The land acquisition in Mumbai is a

very big problem. Apart from this, the natural resources should be spoiled or the other

amenities electricity should not be affected. This would make the life of MMRDA very

difficult and there are lots of constraints for the project to be completed within time.

As time to complete would increase drastically, the cost would also increase manifold and

hence the real question is whether this is a feasible project to be taken up. If it is a feasible

option then the real question is to how to manage the risk involved with all these and come up

with a successful project. This is a test for the company L&T as well because this is the first

monorail in India. But there is still an advantage to L&T because there have many monorails

being constructed across the world and hence the design and planning would be an easier

task. But the real project is to anticipate the risk and take necessary measures. It has to give a

detailed plan and what is going to be done and how to eliminate risks if they happen. It has to

work in tandem with the MMRDA and hence come up with a world-class monorail.

So the real problem would be; the people of Mumbai. There would be lots of protests when

the Government is acquiring land, the local unions would protest and there would be other

aspects, which have to be anticipated. So the quality of the project greatly depends on the

factors of proper management, risk assessment and handing those risks effectively and

efficiently. So there should be a well-planned schedule and hence better of utilization of time

when there are protests and hence make sure the bottlenecks are resolved faster and it would

be help in the smooth implementation of the project and hence become a successful one.

Salient features of Monorail system:


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In Monorail System monorail runs on a narrow Guide way Beam, there wheels are

gripped laterally on either side of the beam. It is a Light Weight System and its cost of execution is less compared to heavy rail

systems and it takes approximately 1.5 to 2 years for execution.

Every train with four coaches has the capacity to carry about 560 people. Whereas in

the suburban train network where each train has a capacity to carry 1,500 people but

eventually it carries 8,500 People.

As compared to other systems Monorail produces less noise and is eco-friendly and

hence easily acceptable in dense residential locale.

Monorail System is in use in Tokyo (Japan) from 1963 and in china for last 3 years.

Monorail System is Safe and reliable system.

MUMBAI MONORAIL PROJECT FEATURES:

Phase I (Wadala-Chembur) - 8.93 km

Phase II (Sant Gadge Maharaj Chowk-Wadala) - 11.20 km

Project cost excluding taxes - Rs. 2460 crore

Date of Commencement - 14th November, 2008

Design Headway - 3 minutes

Train Composition - 4 cars

Passengers Capacity - 562 Max Passengers

Design Speed - 80 kmph

Scheduled Speed - 31 kmph

Operation Hours - 05.00 Hrs to 24.00 Hrs


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Phase I - 22 minutes

Phase II - 32 minutes

No. of stations - 17 Stations

PROJECT SCOPE DEFINITION:

The Mumbai monorail was undertaken and the scope is to design and construct Monorail

system from Gadge Maharaj Chowk to Wadala(Approx.10.64km) and Wadala to Chembur

via Mahul. There are different phases involved in this case:

Phase1: 8.9km of viaduct + 6side platform stations+ Central platform station

Phase 2: 10.64km of viaduct + 8side platform stations + 2 platform stations

Apart from these two important phases, MMRDA has to be handling the construction of

depot building and depot guide way. This extensively planned monorail project is going to

the serve the areas which were not served by the local trains and hence this is planned so that

the traffic would be reduced by a great deal.

PROJECT PLANNING:

Project planning is the most important phase of any project. This becomes more essential in

this case because; a small problem in the project will eventually cause a great loss.


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Preconstruction activities involve a phase where the budget and the time frame would all be

analysed. In this phase, the construction areas have to be decided and hence see if these areas

have any important amenities and hence plan if something important has to be done.

Excavation would be the most difficult part. There would be a lot of opposition and hence

this is the time there might be some delay in the project as well. This has to be handled well

and hence use this time effectively. After this, construction would be followed. This is a

phase where the project could be speeded up.

Pre-ConstructionActiviti

es

Excavation

Construction of

Foundation

Construction of the

pillars

Puttingthe rail


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WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE:

Finalize the location of foundations as per alignment

Applying for permission to execute the works from Traffic Police, BMC and other

nodal bodies

To obtain permission and cut trees falling in the alignment

Removal of utilities, diversion of utilities and overhead cables

Finalization of alignment based on the proposed road

Trenching and mapping of utilities as per the foundation locations

Based on the utility mapping, propose for Pile foundations and design for the same

Create an encumbrance free for taking up the operations

Commence with the casting of guideway beams

Erection of guideway beams

Stitching of guideway beams

MUMBAI MONORAIL PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION:

The total length of Mumbai Monorail is 20.13 kms which was implemented in 2 phases:

1.

Phase 1: Wadala-Chembur (8.93 kms) : completed in Feb.14

2. Phase2: SGMC-Wadala (11.2 kms) :Estimated completion- March15

The foundation stone of the Monorail was laid on 09thFebruary 2009. The original deadline

for the both phases of the product was April2011. The project was delayed several times due

to various issues related to land, removal of encroachments, and delays in getting permissions

and missed several deadlines.


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Project start: Feb09 and Initial Deadline- April11

Phase 1: Extended deadlines- Dec10, May11, Nov11,May12, Dec12,June13,Dec13

Phase 2: Extended deadlines- May11,Dec11, May12,Dec12, Dec13,June14,

March15

There was 3 years delay in the project and the main reason for it was change in the route

alignment and the project cost kept on increasing. The first test run was conducted for 108

meters on 26 January2010. After that a 1 km test run was successfully completed on 18th

February 2012. The end to end test run was conducted by MMRDA in Nov.12.

After the completion of the civil work related to alignment, the focus shifted to completing

the stations and work on signalling and telecommunications.

Wrong Design- There were some incorrect design submission for phase 2 as some already

existing railway line was not taken into consideration

Extension- Phase 2 has already an expansion plan upto Jacob circle

The main reason for delay was change in the route due to encroachment removal, delayedpermissions from Civic and Railway authorities

Reliance had raised possible quality issues during bidding phase, due to stiff 24 months

deadline, which proved true as the monorail is facing quality issues

Hitachi had said that the worldwide monorail projects take atleast 36 months

STAKEHOLDERS

Identifying the stake holders


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The stakeholders here can be further categorized into two categories:

A) Internal Stakeholders:

It basically includes the stakeholders who all are first concern of the organization and

are directly linked or are benefited or harmed. They are into decision making bodies

of the organization or might directly affect the decisions.

Here the internal stakeholders are:

a) Management/Employees

b)

Govt. Of Maharashtra

c) MMRDA

B)

External Stakeholders:

Stake

Holders

MMRDA

Larsen &

Toubro

Environment

& Land

Local residents

Suppliers/

Vendors

Management/

Employees

Maharashtra

Govt.

Mumbais

Traffic


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They are external to the organization and affect or get affected from outside. They are

not the first concern of the organization but they are equally important for any

decision-making. Its just that they are hierarchical latter to internal. Moreover theyare not directly involved in the decision-making body and are external or outside

consideration. In many cases they might of extreme importance however in some

cases they might not hold that strategic position.

Here the external stakeholders are:

a)

Suppliers/vendors

b) Local residents

c) Mumbais traffic

d) Environment & Land

e)

Larsen & Toubro

Apart from all these there could be various other stakeholders but the above mentioned are

major affected here and others are somewhat related to them only or belong to their

categories. Thus we will limit our stakeholder analysis to the above-mentioned entities only.

Now the discussion will be on the impacts of the various stakeholders and how does it affectthe whole project and how importance does each of them hold.

Analysis of Stakeholders

Impacts and Effects of Stakeholders

1.) Management/ Employees:

A well-coordinated and tightly managed employees and the lower management will

always have a better productivity and efficiency. Moreover if the management is clear

about the scope and objective of the project then the success of the project has higher

probability. The three aspects on which we generally measure the success is trio of

cost, time and scope of the project. Thus a tight and crisp management will have

control over time and cost, if there are no extreme situations like natural calamities or


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economic depression altogether. These type of projects also present lots of challenges

for the employees and management to deal with. This in long run make them better

versed with different difficult scenarios. Thus in this way it will further enhance thecapabilities and effectiveness of these employees. At personal level the employee

have lot to learn and implement in future. The organization get more experience

employees and management better prepared to handle these type of situation before

hand. Moreover it will also create more job opportunities and so helping reducing

grave economic problems like unemployment and economic disparities on income.

2.)

Government of Maharashtra

The projects like these will act as a huge source for revenue generation over a

considerably longer period of time. Moreover it will present better infrastructure

facilities for public, investors and prospect investors. It will signal as a state with

more emphasis on development and more inclined towards citizen services. The

revenue generated will be also impact the tax payers in a positive manner and more

job opportunities with more impact on overall economic situation will ultimately add

impetus to the overall GDP of the country.

3.) Local residents

It will improve the services offered to the local residents in many ways. It will

primarily solve their transportation problems with regards to the places which werent

earlier covered by local trains and buses as will cover alternate routes and which are

more congested and are narrower. The city of Mumbai is overflowing with such

routes and the only solution for them is currently auto rickshaws which are not

sufficient to cater to the over growing demands. Moreover it will be much safer for

them as compared other modes of transportation and would take less travel time

owing to its exclusivity of the route. Thus it will definitely reduce the local

transportation woes of the local residents and will address to their travel time

constraints. The confidence on public transportation will increase and further

expectations on more facilities regarding other areas and services also.


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4.) Mumbais Traffic

Everyone is aware of the current traffic scenario of Mumbai and its not wrong to say

that its getting worse every other day. The current public transportation facilities

available has not been able to cope up with sudden burst of population in the city in

the last couple of decades. Though there has been improvement in public

transportation but has not complemented the increase of the population. Thus it will

definitely address the worsening condition of traffic in the city. It will reduce

considerable travel time especially in the peak office hours, which is the primary

concern of the office goers. The ease of traffic will definitely improve the road and

transportation conditions of the city. It will also be an important factor in controlling

air and noise pollution as dependence on public transportation will increase. It will

also provide better connectivity for more number of routes and facilitate easy and

better transportation for every strata of the people at very affordable prices. The

improvement in the traffic will make it easier to manage and save people from the

harassment and inconvenience faced at the peak office hours. Thus it will definitely

have a positive impact on the overall traffic scenario of Mumbai and in future will

lead to further improvement of the same.

5.) Environment & Land

The monorail is much more environment friendly as compared to other currently

available transportation modes. It is battery operated and the consumption of fuel per

unit person is comparatively low. The pollution will also be reduced, as it is primarily

battery operated. Moreover the land acquisition is considerably lesser than metro or

other such transportation modes. Thus considerable reduction in the land required also

adds benefit to this mode. However many places it either requires elevated platforms

or underground tunnels and thus been a cause of discomfort for it. The primary reason

for such things being proper details werent either available or not looked into detail

which required lots of drawing changes at latter stages and thus increasing the

timeline and cost of the whole project. These things basically fall into purview of the


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management and imply their failure at the planning stage. However if carried properly

then it might not be of much discomfort and value to the environment and require less

land comparatively.

6.) Larsen & Toubro

L&T is one of Indias premier construction and EPC contractor and has showed its

prowess in this field as it has been associated with a large number of difficult and

different projects across the country and also in many others parts of the world.

However this project was still a challenge for it to work upon and had posed lots of

difficulties and required innovation for the pertaining area and to some specific

problems. Though this kind of projects have been implemented in other parts of the

world, however for L&T it was a new challenge. This project in particular added new

dimension to its capabilities and it challenged their capabilities and process right from

the design stage till the completion stage. These problems and the quest for their

solutions enhanced its capabilities and raised its level of work in both design and

construction. Thus L&T learned a lot along with employees and thus enriching themin every possible manner. Moreover this being a government project, it will make it

more favorite and add more credentials to its stature and trust, making a more suitable

candidate in the future for similar projects or for that matter even to challenging

projects.

7.) Vendors/ Suppliers

The number of vendors involved in this project was huge and thus involved lots of

small and big players at each and every stage of the project. This helped in bringing in

small vendors which were being engulfed by big suppliers even though they had

better products or services. Thus it gave equal opportunities to such suppliers.

Moreover bigger players also got a good chunk of the project and were content to

quite a large extension. This also helped in better management of the suppliers and

reducing dependence of the few bigger suppliers. It also increased their capabilities as

some customized and specific products or tools were demanded. Proper supply chain


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management of a large number of products was also one of the key learning of this

project.

RISK ASSOCIATED WITH MUMBAI MONORAIL:

Program Level Risk:

1. Any delay in the phase 1 can impact the phase 2 line.

2. The Stakeholders such as Mumbai urban Development, Indian Railways, Scomic

engineering, Larsen and Toubro and Local People can impact the Phase 2 line.

3.

Parallel start of Work can mitigate the risk, but in this case the cost and resource used

will be more.

Project Level Risk:

1.

Delay in Land acquisition and approval from different Departments such as

electricity, railway and others have impacted in achieving the milestone

2. Improper Route Analysis caused the rework and leads to more cost.

3. Proper co-ordination, speedy approval and appropriate initial study can mitigate the

risk.

Sub-Project level Risk:

1.

The above issue can lead to fast track operation of the project and partial finished

work delivery, such as monorail station are not completely finished yet

2. The Trial run and testing is not completed, which is impacting some of the security

aspect such as door automatically get opened in between station.

RISK IMPACT ANALYSIS:

The different type of risk Identified is as below:


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Delay processing by the different stakeholders

Improper mindset of the people working in the government organization

Safety measure and customer satisfaction of the passengers

Alteration in the alignment of path of the monorail from the initial Planned

The cause, Impact and mitigation of the above mentioned risk is as below:

WHY MUMBAI MONORAIL STANDS TO FAIL:

8.93 km long Mumbai Monorail track (Wadala and Chembur) formally inaugurated by

Maharashtra Chief Minister Prithviraj Chavan on 1 February 2014 at the Wadala Depot

monorail station. Initially monorail ran from 7 a.m. to 3 p.m., which extended 8 p.m. and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithviraj_Chavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithviraj_Chavan


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currently it ran from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. After 6 months from the inauguration the line is

attracting only 14,000-15,000 passengers daily, which is well short of their projected number

of 17,000-18,000. But it is very difficult to evaluate success or failure of any project in veryshort span of time. Same in the case of Mumbai Monorail we cannot say Mumbai Monorail

totally failed, but here we are trying to analyze the factors which may be causes in future to

fail Mumbai Monorail project.

Route:

Monorail basically targeted to middle class and the upper middle class passengers, those who

are using their personal vehicle-mostly four-wheeler for the daily transportation. Between

Problems

FutureDemand

Route

TicketFare

ProjectSelection

Time

Cost


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Wadala and Chembur route there are lots of factories and remote area located as compare to

shopping malls and corporate offices and companies. So mostly passengers of the monorail

are blue color workers and labors rather than white color employees of the companies. Andthese labors cannot afford costly tickets as well as they generally hesitate to use complex

monorail transportation system.

Route of the

monorail is in J shape so

that distance between the

two stations Wadala and

Chembur is 8.9 km and via

roadways only 5.2 km. So

those who are travelling by

car and other personal

vehicle can easily reach via

road in less time and with

more comfort. Another

problem with the route is

that there is no

connectivity of suburban

railway from monorail

station, again passenger have to take either bus, auto or taxi to use metro or local train.

Because of its lack of flexibilitythe rails are immovableit will necessarily require another

form of public transport system for passengers to complete their journey from the monorail to

their homes.

Ticket Fare:

The problem with attracting travelers is also a matter of the monorail's utility and cost of a

ticket. The Mumbai monorail fare between Wadala Road to Chembur stations is 5-20 rupees

per person, or $0.2 USD, which is little bit costly for the labor class passengers as compare to

for the same distance on Mumbai Suburban Railway. But it is very cheap in comparison to

other countries where monorail is running successfully but in those countries per capita

income is high and passenger can afford luxury journey but in India scenarios are different.


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Cost:

The cost of the monorail service was estimated in 2010 to be 2.0 billion (roughly 850

million (US$14 million) per km). Approximately 135 kilometers (84 million) of line is

planned to be built in phases between 2011 and 2031. Due to several issues like stakeholder,

land, raw material dead line of the project extended so many times On the face of it, the

monorail seems an unnecessarily extravagant expense. The first phase cost Rs1100 crore

which was four times greater than expected cost. And result of that for government its very

difficult to recover those cost with another problems-high ticket fare and less passenger.

Time:

The Maharashtra Chief Minister Ashok Chavan laid the foundation stone at Chembur on 9

February 2009 and it is expected to complete around in 2 years at April 2011. The project

was delayed by several reasons, removal of encroachments, involving land, delays in getting

permissions from the civic body and railways and missed several deadlines for completion.

The following months had all been announced as deadlines for the first phase - December

2010, May 2011, November 2011, May 2012, December 2012, June 2013, August 2013, 15

September 2013, October 2013 and December 2013 and finally first monorail of India started2ndFeb of 2014.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Monorail is suitable for city having less population and less density. The capacity to cost ratio

is less compared to Metro Rail. Monorail cost 150 crore per km and Metro rail cost around250 crore per km whereas Special Bus corridor costs 25 crore per Km. For the same km

construction cost is almost 6 times more than Special Bus Corridor and Passenger carrying

capacity is 5-6 times higher than Monorail.

From the above we can conclude the Project selection was wrong. So we suggestplanning

the Monorail as the Feeder service to city from the Metro Rail.
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-02-03/mumbai/46961856_1_mumbai-monorail-monorail-station-wadala-depothttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Chavanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_rupeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashok_Chavanhttp://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2014-02-03/mumbai/46961856_1_mumbai-monorail-monorail-station-wadala-depot


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REFERENCES

http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/report-wrong-design-sends-mumbai-monorail-phase-ii-work-off-the-track-1995770

https://mmrda.maharashtra.gov.in/mumbai-monorail-project

http://scroll.in/article/655243/Why-Mumbai's-new-monorail-seems-to-be-built-for-

real-estate-developers-rather-than-commuters/

http://mumbaiboss.com/2014/02/10/is-the-mumbai-monorail-an-expensive-folly/

http://202.54.119.40/monorail.htm

http://blogs.wsj.com/indiarealtime/2014/01/31/indias-first-monorail-opens-in-

mumbai/
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Documents

Group 7_Mumhdsakjbai Monorail_Project Management Report