GROUP 13 PRESENTATION

GROUP MEMBERS

Name Registration numberStanley-Lee Mutizwa C1111053NFortune Musemburi C1111918DMutsa Mapundu C1110919SJanet N. Chimusoro C1111154YArnold Pfekenye C1111948LNigel T. Mhambare C1111693JLuckia.S Mutambanengwe C1112193CMitchel .R Dari C1111546ZShingai Chiwara C1111078QBlessing John C1010437T

GROUP PRESENTATION Question 13 Giving examples explain how the

following systems aid management in decision making:

i. Expert systemsii. Simulationiii. Decision Support Systemsiv. Information centres

EXPERT SYSTEMS An expert system is an

application of artificial intelligence that emulates knowledge of human expert, solve problems, make decisions and make expertise available to novices.

The scope of expert system is limited to expert’s experience .

The domain is specific area of knowledge.

EXPERT SYSTEM CONTINUES Expert system provides decision support to managers

in the form of advise from an expert consultant in a specific problem area.

Expert system also help management in solving problems which the organization is currently facing in form of, for example, diagnosis and prediction of mechanical failures which is vital for operational managers.

They also help in quick decision making process since vital information required is quickly and specifically provided.

In situations where the managers are inexperienced the expert system provides expertise to those novices

EXPERT SYSTEM CONTINUESExamples Medical diagnosis

Help doctors with treatment advice Diagnosis of symptoms

Medical management Discern which treatment patient

should receive Administrative decisions

SIMULATION Simulation is a broad term that refers to

an approach for imitating the behavior of an actual or anticipated human or physical system.

This involves solving by executing (doing). There are three areas covered by

simulation which are:1. Model design 2. Model execution3. Model analysis

SIMULATION CONTINUES Simulation helps management in decision

making by provision of exact problems faced as a result of the use of the model they have designed.

Managers would then brain storm solutions to the problems faced by the designed model.

Managers may choose not to continue with the model in its business activities if it does not meet the organisational goals.

SIMULATION CONTINUES A very good example from which

simulation do occur within an organisation is when the management is involved in the steering committee during the System Development Life Cycle.

In this case they try to solve the problems faced by the previous system during the course of the new system’s operation hence the idea of solving by executing comes about.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS (DSS) These are systems that combine data and analytical

models or data analysis tools to support structured, semi-structured and unstructured decision making.

DSS is a computer based information system that: Help management select solution Reduces costs Increase profitability Enhances product quality DSS comprises of three components that are data

management module, model management module and dialog module. Their interaction is shown by the diagram below:

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM CONTINUES

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM CONTINUES DSSs are used by management to assist in

making decisions on issues which are subject to high levels of uncertainty about a particular problem .They help management in gathering various responses which they would undertake and the likely impact of those actions.

DSS are intended to provide a wide range of alternatives of information gathering and analytical tools with a major emphasis upon flexibility and user friendliness.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM CONTINUES Decision support systems are used

by many banks. They use automated decision aids so as to determine the credit worthiness of their clients.

INFORMATION CENTRES This is a place where information or facts or

facilities are constructed on or discovered. Within an organisational structure an

information centre is a subunit that provide hardware, software and people support to end users.

These centres can be seen as departments within an organisation for example production department which provide management with vital information during decision making.

INFORMATION CENTRES CONTINUES Information centres , like departments in an

organisation, do provide strategic managers with vital information with which they can use in making their decisions pertaining the future of the organisation.

Information centres provide problems they are currently facing so that the management can make proper decisions so as to address those problems.

Some of the centres like for instance sales department bring an insight to the management in relation to the possible new markets which can be exploited by the organisation hence persuading management to make decisions towards that.

QUESTIONS AND CONTRIBUTIONS Leh di Almighty Lord guidance and

protection be with yah fi ever.Amen