GROUNDING 101 Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS3 WHY DO WE GROUND? Protect Equipment from Fault Currents Protect People SAFETY

GROUNDINGGROUNDING 101 101

GROUNDING 101

Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS 3

WHY DO WE GROUND?WHY DO WE GROUND?

Protect Equipment from Fault Currents

Protect People

SAFETY


Electricity will always follow theElectricity will always follow the path of least resistancepath of least resistance to groundto ground..

Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your Proper circuit grounding will keep electricity from using your body to get to groundbody to get to ground

Grounded Circuit Requirements:Grounded Circuit Requirements:• Path is continuous and permanentPath is continuous and permanent• Ample capacityAmple capacity• Low ResistanceLow Resistance• Circuit parts are bonded togetherCircuit parts are bonded together

WHY SHOULD WE GROUND?WHY SHOULD WE GROUND?


WHAT DO WE GAIN?WHAT DO WE GAIN?

Provides personnel safety - #1 priorityProvides personnel safety - #1 priority

Provides a stable signal reference for Provides a stable signal reference for instrument accuracyinstrument accuracy

Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Controls Radio Frequency emissions & Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s)Electromagnetic Interferences (EMI’s)

Provides a discharge path for short Provides a discharge path for short circuits and lightning strikescircuits and lightning strikes


LIGHTNING PROTECTIONLIGHTNING PROTECTION

LIGHTNING FACTSLIGHTNING FACTS

Packs between 35,000 and 40,000 amperesPacks between 35,000 and 40,000 amperes

Generates temperatures as high as 50,000 CGenerates temperatures as high as 50,000 C

Travels as far as 40 milesTravels as far as 40 miles

Strikes somewhere on the earth every secondStrikes somewhere on the earth every second

Kills 100 people each year in the U.S.A.Kills 100 people each year in the U.S.A.

Destroys millions of dollars in property and equipmentDestroys millions of dollars in property and equipment


STATIC DISCHARGESTATIC DISCHARGE

THE UNWANTED SPARK


Example: TEL-COM CELL SITE

Grounding LocationsGrounding Locations


BURNDY HAS BURNDY HAS THREE TYPESTHREE TYPES OF GROUNDING PRODUCTSOF GROUNDING PRODUCTS

COMPRESSION

EXOTHERMIC

(weld)

MECHANICAL


MECHANICALMECHANICAL


WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR?WHAT IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR? Makes a secure connection using bolts or other hardware to bind

conductors in place.

Range TakingRange Taking No special toolingNo special tooling InexpensiveInexpensive RemovableRemovable


WHAT ARE THE MOST WHAT ARE THE MOST COMMON CONNECTORS?COMMON CONNECTORS?


GBCable to bar with separator

GBMCable directly to bar

GZCable to bar loop

BUS BAR / FLAT BARBUS BAR / FLAT BARCONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES


BUS BAR / FLAT BARBUS BAR / FLAT BAR

GCMTwo Cables directly to bar

GLTwo parallel cables / tap

QGFLEye in basket

GCTwo cable to bar with separator

CONNECTOR CATEGORIESCONNECTOR CATEGORIES


KCServit postGKA

BUS BAR / FLAT BARBUS BAR / FLAT BAR

KPB




FENCE POST, PIPE & TUBINGFENCE POST, PIPE & TUBING

GPTwo cable Perpendicular

GKThree cable parallel

GDTwo cable parallel

GARCable to rod



KCServit post

GGCable or braid to rod

GAR-TCCable at 45 90 degrees




GC-ADuel rated pipe clamps

Lower cost clamps



GROUND RODS / REBARGROUND RODS / REBAR

GAR

GRCGP GK

Three cable parallelTwo cable perpendicular

Ground Rod Clamp

Cable to rod



STATIC GROUNDSTATIC GROUND

GIEVehicle or temporary ground

GP-G1Raised flooring

GRFRaised flooring



CABLE & BRAIDCABLE & BRAID

Braid

GXCross connection

GGCable or braid to rod KA

Tap to run

Spans movable areas



RAIL & BEAMRAIL & BEAMTRANSFORMERTRANSFORMER

KCServit post

QGFLEye in basket

GA-HCable to H beam or tube

J&RGC



HIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTSHIGHLIGHTS: SPLIT BOLTS

KS25

AVAILABLE FROM

#2 TO 500 kcmil

UL Listed for direct burial


HIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split BoltHIGHLIGHTS: Parts of a Split Bolt


HIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split BoltsHIGHLIGHTS: Dual Rated Split Bolts

Used for any combination of copper and aluminum conductors.


JOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUMJOINING COPPER AND ALUMINUM


RAISED FOOR GROUNDINGRAISED FOOR GROUNDING

RAISED FLOOR GROUND GRIDS


GRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOORGRF CLAMP ON RAISED FLOOR

Can be used on round or square pedestals

Accommodates one or two grounding wires


GP-G1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOORGP-G1 / GP-RT FOR RAISED FLOOR

Epoxy paint penetrating

Can be used on round or square pedestals

Accommodates one or two grounding wires


QUESTION:QUESTION:WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR WHEN IS A MECHANICAL CONNECTOR NOTNOT

ACCEPTABLE?ACCEPTABLE?

When a permanent connection is called out,

or

When connection is exposed to severe conditions such as extreme vibration

ANSWER:


MECHANICALMECHANICALQUESTIONS?QUESTIONS?


BURNDYWELDBURNDYWELD


USES AN EXOTHERMIC PROCESS TO JOIN COPPER

PROVIDES A SOLID COPPER IRREVERSIBLE BOND

WILL NOT LOOSEN OR CORRODE AT THE WELD

BURNDYWELDBURNDYWELD


EXOTHERMIC PROCESSEXOTHERMIC PROCESS

The exothermic process is a simple, efficient method of welding copper to copper or copper to steel.

This process uses a high temperature reaction of powdered copper oxide and aluminum.

Reaction takes place in a graphite mold.

Mold will last for 50 or more welds with proper care.

This system is very field friendly, since it is light and portable and requires no outside power.


MOLD

THE SEQUENCE OF STEPSTHE SEQUENCE OF STEPS Open mold using handle

clamp, and insert the conductors as desired

Insert steel disc into the mold cavity

Pour powdered metal into the mold cavity

Close the lid

Tap powder container to add the starting powder to ignition pocket

Use flint device to ignite

Brush and remove mold


SIX STEPS FOR SIX STEPS FOR A PERFECT A PERFECT

BURNDYWELDBURNDYWELD1.1. 2.2.

3.3. 4.4.

5.5. 6.6.


OVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDSOVER 57 DIFFERENT MOLDS

WELD TO REBAR

CABLE TO CABLE


MOUNT TO FLAT OR ROUND SURFACE

MOLDSMOLDS


SINGLE SHOTSSINGLE SHOTS

PROVIDES THE SAME WELD RESULT IN A COST EFFECTIVE, ONE TIME USE PACKAGE


WELD WELD QUALITYQUALITY

What do What do you look you look

for?for?


WELD QUALITY

Many factors contribute to the weld success


WELD INSPECTIONWELD INSPECTION

HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A HOW DO YOU TEST THE INTEGRITY OF A WELD IN THE FIELD?WELD IN THE FIELD?


COMMON PROBLEMS COMMON PROBLEMS WITH EXOTHERMIC WITH EXOTHERMIC

WELDINGWELDING

Moisture

Worn molds

Unclean conductors

Unclean mold

Mistakes made in welding process


ANY ANY QUESTIONS ON QUESTIONS ON BURNDYWELD?BURNDYWELD?


COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION


COMPRESSION THEORYCOMPRESSION THEORY

CREATION OF A HOMOGENEOUS MASS


HY-GROUND SYSTEMHY-GROUND SYSTEM


COMPRESSIONCOMPRESSION

BURNDY HAS DEVELOPED AN IRREVERSIBLE COMPRESSION GROUND SYSTEM WHICH MEETS THE STRINGENT SAFETY AND PREFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS UL AND IEEE.

CONNECTORS EMPLOY WELL PROVEN DESIGN PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY THAT HAVE BEEN IN EXISTENCE FOR OVER 60 YEARS.

»Range TakingRange Taking

»PermanentPermanent

»Safe to installSafe to install

»Quick and EasyQuick and Easy


COMMON APPLICATIONSCOMMON APPLICATIONS Where HY-GROUND is used


GRID LAY OUTGRID LAY OUT


COMPONENTS OF HY-GROUNDCOMPONENTS OF HY-GROUND

WHAT’S NEEDEDProper Connector

Correct Crimping Tool

Specified Die


IRREVERSIBLE CONNECTION

RATED FOR DIRECT BURIAL

MANY COMPONENTS AVAILABLE

CONNECTORSCONNECTORS


MEETS REQUIREMENTSMEETS REQUIREMENTS

UNDERWRITERS LAB TESTS

NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CODE

IEEE 837 REQUIREMENTS

UL96 LISTED FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION

CANADA STANDARDS ASSOCIATION

APPROVED FOR DIRECT BURIAL


UL LISTINGSUL LISTINGS

Rigorous testing in the Burndy UL facilities ensures all product exceed standards.


SUPERIOR CONNECTIONSUPERIOR CONNECTION

PRE-FILLED WITH PENETROX OXIDE-INHIBITOR

Superior connection


PENETROX E FILLEDPENETROX E FILLED

SHOWS VERY FEW CONTACT POINTS

Penetrox Fills The Gaps For Better Contact

Air Gaps


EASY TO INSPECTEASY TO INSPECT

DIE INDEX EMBOSSMENT. Match embossed number to the number

listed the on connector.

U-997


INSTALLS IN ANY ENVIRONMENTINSTALLS IN ANY ENVIRONMENT

Installs In Wet Environments


YGL-CCross connection

YGLR-CGround rod to grid

YGHP-CFigure 6

YGHC-CFigure C

COMMON TYPES - HY-GROUNDCOMMON TYPES - HY-GROUND


YGHR-CFigure 8

YGHP-CGround rod or tap Wire

third handYGIBCrimp to structure

H-TapSplice or tap




YGHS HGSSplice- heavy duty / standard

YGHAHylug

GSTUD-HYVersitail weld on

YGFGrounding plate


YGHC-C

FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTORFINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR


FINDING THE PROPER CONNECTORFINDING THE PROPER CONNECTOR


HY-GROUND CRIMPING TOOLSHY-GROUND CRIMPING TOOLS

Y46 HY-PRESS REMOTE HEAD

Y750HS

PAT750XP 18V PATRIOT 18VOLT


FINDING THE PROPER DIEFINDING THE PROPER DIE

Installation Data Listed in Catalog

INSTALLATION DATA

DIEINDEX

NUMBER

Y750/Y35Y39

HYPRESS

1Y45

HYPRESS

2Y46

HYPRESS

NUMBER OF

CRIMPS

C U-C U-C U-C 1

O U-O U-O U-O 1


ANY ANY QUESTIONS ON QUESTIONS ON COMPRESSION?COMPRESSION?


WHERE DO YOU USEWHERE DO YOU USE THE THE THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING THREE TYPES OF GROUNDING

PRODUCTS?PRODUCTS?

COMPRESSION

EXOTHERMIC

(weld)

MECHANICAL


TEL-COM TOWER

CONNECTION APPLICATIONSCONNECTION APPLICATIONS


CENTRAL OFFICE SITE

CONNECTION APPLICATIONSCONNECTION APPLICATIONS


DIFFERENT WIRE TYPESDIFFERENT WIRE TYPES

ALWAYS KNOW THE SIZE AND TYPE OF WIRE YOU ARE CRIMPING


WIRE GAGEWIRE GAGE KEEP A WIRE MIKE HANDY FOR WIRE IDENTIFICATION


AVOID CORROSIONAVOID CORROSION

USE PENETROX-E USE PENETROX-E OXIDE INHIBITOR OXIDE INHIBITOR

ON COPPER ON COPPER CONNECTIONSCONNECTIONS


THANKS FOR CONSIDERING BURNDY PRODUCTSTHANKS FOR CONSIDERING BURNDY PRODUCTS

PLEASE CONTACT US IF YOU HAVE ANY QUESTIONS OR PRODUCT NEEDS.

TECHNICAL SERVICE (800) 451-4956

NEVER LET LIFE BE A SHOCK TO YOU!NEVER LET LIFE BE A SHOCK TO YOU!

Documents

GROUNDING 101 Grounding 101 – Summer 2007 - TS3 WHY DO WE GROUND? Protect Equipment from Fault Currents Protect People SAFETY