“Take a snapchat of me working on my …” Earth Science study guide

As you begin to prepare for the second semester exam, keep in mind that a study guide is to help you study, not be the only thing that you study. This study guide is meant to help you organize your notes and focus on key topics

throughout the semester (2nd semester ONLY). Along with doing this study guide review of old quizzes, homework, Rock ID’s and bellringer/clicker questions should be done as well.

OceansDescribe-

factors that increase or decrease ocean salinity.

how ocean currents affect maritime climates.

the major causes of surface ocean currents.

characteristics and effects of an El Nino event.

Diagrams:a. Diagram the ocean current direction in the northern hemisphere based on Coriolis.

1. Diagram normal, el nino and la nina events including pressure, current/wind direction

and temperature.

PRACTICE Problems:

1. The North Atlantic gyre circulates in a(n) ______________________ direction, as a result of the ____________________ effect.

2. Which areas have the highest salinity and explain why?

Intro to Geology

Describe:

the characteristics required for a substance to be considered a mineral. the difference between a rock and a mineral.

Mineral properties:Luster=

Cleavage=

Hardness=

Streak=

Identifying features:Calcite=

Halite=

Biotite=

Quartz=

Galena=

Talc=

Mineral Chemistry:Atomic #=

Atomic mass=

# neutrons=

# of protons=

# of electrons=

PRACTICE Problems: Diagram the electron structure for the following elements

1. An unknown atom has 88 protons. Determine its atomic number, atomic mass, name, symbol,

and number of electrons.

2. An unknown atom has 38 protons, 50 neutrons, and 36 electrons.

Determine if it is an ion by showing proper notation.

3. Explain what makes a material an ore.

4. Calculate the % ore for a sample of raw materials mined from the Earth. Detroit Rock City

Miners started with 250 tons of raw rock, mining out 50 tons of silver and the rest aggregate.

Calculate both % ores.

Fiery Earth

Describe:

how cooling speed affects igneous rock texture (coarse, fine, glassy, vesicular).

The differences between P and S waves including travel times.

Diagrams: Identify all plate boundaries discussed in class

Label features at each plate boundary

PRACTICE Problems 1. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and triggers an earthquake is

known as:

2. Identify each of the volcano pictures below, and distinguishing features

Label all blank boxes on the seismogram below

Erosive forces

Describe:Describe at least 4 different EROSIONAL features carved as glaciers advance.

at least 4 different DEPOSITIONAL features carved as glaciers RETREAT.

till and outwash and how you visibly tell them apart.

the flow of water in the great lakes

Diagrams: identify all letters or numbers

PRACTICE Problems:1. All of the sediment carried by a river is called the ______________ and describe the 3 types:

2. Which sedimentary rock would have the highest permeability and which would have the lowest.

3. Identify each picture below and explain how it formed

Weathering, and Soil

Describe: at least 2 different forms of mechanical weathering and 2 different chemical forms of

weathering.

why limestone is good for neutralizing acid.

the different horizons of a soil profile.

how to determine the composition of soil and which type of soil is the best for plant growth.

Diagrams: Describe the pH scale (including acidic, neutral, and basic values) and how acidity changes along

the scale.

PRACTICE Problems:1. Farmer Adalyn has asked you to analyze her soil to see if it is suitable for

growing crops. Of the original 35 gram sample, you use a sieve to separate it into 30 grams of sand, 2.5 grams of silt, and the rest clay. Determine the percentage of sand, silt, and clay in the soil sample (SHOW SET-UP). Then use the soil texture triangle to determine the texture of the farmer’s soil.

% SAND:

% SILT:

% CLAY:

SOIL TEXTURE: _________________________________

Rock cycle

Describe: the processes involved in the rock cycle that change “materials” into/between igneous,

sedimentary, and metamorphic.

Diagrams:Label each arrow in between each rock type

PRACTICE Problems:1. Describe the following rocks using their textures and any other helpful properties.

Granite Limestone Sandstone

Basalt Slate Pumice

Gneiss Shale Marble

Geologic Time

Describe:the laws used when explaining relative age of rock layers.

how an unconformity appears in a cross section and what it indicates.

Diagrams:Using the relative age laws identify each layer from youngest to oldest.

PRACTICE Problems:

1. Calculate how much parent and daughter isotopes remain after 5 half-lives, if it initially

contained 16 micrograms of uranium.

1 youngest2345678910 oldest

2. Describe 5 major geologic or biologic events that occurred during each geologic era.

Describe Michigan’s geologic history through the 4 eras, including fossils and events.