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GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
1
“Wood is universally
beautiful to man and
the most humanly
intimate of all
(building) materials.”
Frank Lloyd Wright
It’s Easy Being Green!Sustainable Building Design for Non-residential
Wood Structures
Cheryl A. Ciecko
Licensed Architect - AIA ALA, LEED AP, CSI
Credit where credit is due…
http://www.asplinteredhistoryofwood.com
Dr. Patrick Moorewww.greenspirit.com
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
2
The Wood Products Council is an approved, Registered
Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing
Education Systems. Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to CES Records for AIA members. Certificates of
Completion for non-AIA members are available on request.
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing
professional education. As such, it does not include content that
may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or
manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material
or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
Program Education Credit Information
Session # WEB0101 HSW/SD credit
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and the Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of ‘GREEN’ through
Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems and How They Pertain to Wood Specification.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
Climate Change
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
3
Buildings emit more CO2 than other sources
FACT: Buildings
consume more energy and emit more
greenhouse gases than
any other single source
Good News: By 2035,
75 % of the buildings in this country will be either
new or remodeled
Climate Change: Greenhouse Gases
Greenhouse Effect: Solar radiation penetratesthe atmosphere
Solar radiation heats the earth
Energy sent back to space as infrared radiation
Atmospheric gases create a barrier for some radiation release
The result is increased temperatures
Climate Change: Opinions
90%82%
61% 58%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Believe Temps Rising Believe Humans Responsible
Earth Scientists General Public
Source: Chicago Tribune, Sect. 1, Thurs. Jan. 22, 2009
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
4
Carbon in the Atmosphere
Is the world getting warmer?
The overall trend is rising temperatures.
US leads in CO2 Emissions
Source: US Energy Information Administration: “International Energy Annual 2003” Table H1co2
Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel in Metric Tons
.
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
5
Climate Change: What scientists see…
� Glaciers melting
� Increased Weather events
� Reduction of Ice Cap
� Ocean rising/Animals
� Insects/Disease/Fire
Wood infested by the Mountain Pine Beetle
Major economic & environmental effects
Insects / Disease / Fire
Climate Change: Carbon Cycle
California Forest
Foundation
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
6
Climate Change: Conclusion
Environmental benefits
of using wood:
1. Carbon storage
2. Carbon neutral biomass energy
3. Replaces other fossil fuel intensive materials.
4. Renewable resource.
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and the Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of ‘GREEN’
Through Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems and How They Pertain to Wood Specification.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
Green design choices are complex
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
7
Life Cycle Assessment
Final deposition;
incineration; landfill;
recycle or reuse
Wa
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Em
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rgy In
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issio
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rgy In
Em
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Wa
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LCA: Measures Environmental Impacts
Resource
depletion
Acid rain
damage
Water pollution
Climate
change
Air pollution
LCA: Links found at woodworks.org
http://www.athenasmi.ca/index.html
http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/oae/software/bees/
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
8
MaterialNet Carbon Emissions (kg C/metric ton)
Net Carbon Emissions Including Carbon Storage
Within Material
(kg C/metric ton) 3/
Framing lumber 33 -457
Medium density fiberboard (virgin fiber)
60 -382
Brick 88 88
Glass 154 154
Recycled steel (100% from scrap)
220 220
Concrete 265 265
Concrete block 291 291
Recycled aluminum (100% recycled content)
309 309
Steel (virgin) 694 694
Plastic 2,502 2,502
Aluminum (virgin) 4,532 4,532
1/ Values are based on life cycle assessment and include gathering and processingof raw materials, primary and secondary processing, and transportation.
2/ Source: USEPA (2006).3/ A carbon content of 49% is assumed for wood.
Net Carbon Emissions
A Closer Look at Recycled Content…
LCA: Wood Performs BETTER!
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
9
This shows a 60 year life cycle comparison.
LCA: Wood Requires Less Energy
Wood is a Durable Structural System
Green design extends the life of building materials
The Barn at Fallingwater is an adaptive re-use of a 19th century barn
Wood is Versatile and Flexible to Use
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
10
Fulton County Stadium, Atlanta, Georgia, 1965-1997
Wood = Long Life Span
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and the Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of ‘GREEN’ Through
Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems and How They Pertain to Wood Specification.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
Green Rating Systems
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
11
BRE Environmental Assessment Method
www.breeam.org
Internationally…
110,000+ Projects Certified
500,000+ Projects Registered
1990 UK
Wood for the London Olympics 2012
History Lessons
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
12
Tallest Wood Building in UK
Architect: Andrew Waugh – London, England
LEED: 2000 (USA)
LEADERSHIP IN ENERGY &
ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN
2,122 Projects Certified (1/09)17,450 Projects Registered (1/09)
LEED: 2000 (USA)
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
13
LEED: 2000 (USA)
Credit Points Requirement
MR 3.1 1 At least 5% of building materials come from salvagedbuilding materials and products.
MR3.2 1 (+1) At least 10% building materials come from salvaged building materials and products (15%)
MR 5.1 1 At least 10% of building materials are manufactured, harvested, extracted or recovered within a radius of 500
miles.
MR 5.2 1 (+1) At least 20% of building materials are manufactured, harvested, extracted or recovered within a radius of 500
miles (40%)
MR 7 1 (+1) Min of 50% of wood material is FSC Certified (95%)
EQ 4.4 1 Requires composite wood and agrifiber products to have no added urea formaldehyde resins
ID 1.1-1.4
4 Innovative design allows possibility for use of LCA and (add’lpoints for more wood in other areas)
LEED NC 2.2 Points for Wood
GREEN GLOBES: 2004
900 Projects Certified3000+ Projects in progress
Free 30 day trial www.thegbi.com
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
14
NATIONAL GREEN BUILDING STANDARD
ANSI ICC 700-2008
National Green Building Standard™
Green Globes Projects in the US
Completed Projects
Registered Projects
University Users
Green Globes Users
� Summit County MRF (Breckenridge, CO)� Blakely Hall (Issaquah, WA)
� Pfizer Clinical Research Unit (New Haven, CT)� RenewAire, LLC (Madison, WI)
� Alberici Headquarters (St. Louis, MO)� WEEBF Office Building (Madison, WI)
� Home Savings Bank (Madison, WI)� Clinton Library (Little Rock, AR)
� Katherine K. Hanley Family Shelter (Fairfax, VA)� ADEQ Headquarters (Little Rock, AR)
� NewPage Corporate Headquarters (Dayton, OH)� Wisconsin Fertility Institute (Madison, WI)
� Chandler Airport Commerce Center (Chandler, AZ)
� Point at Morristown (Morristown, NJ)� Bristol-Myers Squibb Wallingford Facility (CIEB -
Wallingford, CT) � Victory Square Center (Hermiston, OR)
� Bethke Elementary School (Tinmath, CO)
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
15
Rating Achievements
35-54%
55-69%
70-84%
+85%
50-60%
61-70%
71-80%
81+%
Certified
Silver
Gold
Platinum
LEED & GREEN GLOBES
Common set of design elementsAreas of Performance
LEED Green Globes
Sustainable Site Development Site
Water Savings Water
Energy Efficiency Energy
Materials Selection Resources
Indoor Environmental Quality Indoor Environment
Emissions
Project Management
Sustainable Design Systems by State
Alternatives Recognized
Trending toward Alternatives
LEED Only
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
16
Three common concerns about wood:
Dispelling Myths about Wood Products
1. Does specifying wood products encourage clear cutting?
2. Does specifying wood products contribute to deforestation?
3. Is wood is a renewable resource?
Truth #1: Specifying wood products does notencourage clearcutting.
Wood and the Environment: Myths
Clearcutting
Deforestation
Proven Scientific practice to help
accelerate forest regeneration.
Deforestation = the permanent clearing of forests for conversion to other uses
Truth #2: Specifying wood products does not contribute to deforestation.
Wood and the Environment: Dispelling Myths about Wood Products
• U.S. has more trees today than 75 years ago
• Canada harvests less than 1% of it’s forest annually
• Tropical forests deforested for political and social reasons
http://www.planetfriendlycanada.com/resources/facts.aspx
http://www.abundantforests.org/
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
17
Global Sustainable Forestry
Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification Schemes
Global Umbrella organization
supported by 149 governments,
covering 85% of the world’s forest area
Forest Stewardship Council
Addresses social issues w/
international reach into countries
where no legal and institutional framework for social rights and
values
Globally Recognized Forest Certification
Canadian Standards Association
• Public land
• Rigorous public
participation process
Sustainable Forestry Initiative
• Private land • Public land
•www.sfiprogram.org
American Tree
Farm System
• Affordable certification for family & small forest
landowners
Sustainable Forest Management Systems
� Biological diversity
� Wildlife habitats and species
diversity
� Special sites/values
� Soil and water resources
� Sustainable harvests
� Prevent illegal or unauthorized sources
� Protection from deforestation and
conversion
� Aboriginal rights and/or
involvement
� Independent audit required
� Audit of forest planning and practices
� Public disclosure required
� Chain of custody and label option
Similarities
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
18
GREEN GLOBES & BREEAM are inclusive
Commercial Green Building
Rating Systems
GREEN GLOBES
FSC
CSA
SFI
ATF
LEED
FSC
BREEAM
FSC
CSA
SFI
ATF
Acres of Sustainably Managed Forest
0
50
100
150
200
250
CSA SFI FSC ATFS
Hecta
cre
s
Forests in North America
Source: Sustainable Forestry Initiative, October 2007
Specify Certified Wood Products
How can we best ensure How can we best ensure
forest sustainability?forest sustainability?
Increase in
DEMAND
Increase in
SUPPLY
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
19
Forest Land GrowingForest Resources Publication http://nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_wo78.pdf
Learning Objectives
1. Climate Change, the Carbon Cycle, and the Wood Industry.
2. Scientific Measurement of ‘GREEN’ through
Life Cycle Assessment.
3. Green Building Rating Systems and How They Pertain to Wood Specification.
4. The Benefits of Using Wood.
State of the Industry / Non-res market
Construction Materials Price IndexChange in producer prices. December 2003 = 100; Through
February, 2009
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
20
Climate Change: Carbon Cycle
http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html
Life Cycle Assessment-Wood is Good!
Rating Systems – Wood Benefits
Considers LCA
Considers LCA
Considers LCA
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
21
Wood is Green
Manufacturing wood is energy efficient.
It takes 5 times more energy for cement,
14 times more for glass, and 24 times more for steel.
Wood and Environment: 3 ‘R’s of Green
Wood adds #4R Wood adds #4R -- RENEWABLERENEWABLE
New Construction:
• Specify Recycling
Wood can be RECYCLED
Demolition:
• Utilize Deconstruction
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
22
Wood Industry helps REDUCE
Re-use Wood
USDA Forest Products Lab Website http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fpl_gtr150.pdf
Biophilia = “love of living systems”
“the connections that human beings
subconsciously seek with the rest of life”
Wood makes people feel good
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
23
Cheryl’s Reasons
The Uses for Wood are Endless
Minnesota High School
APA Lit. #B115
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
24
Credit Valley Hospital, Mississauga, Ontario
Tye Farrow of Farrow Partnership
Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Center
Salter Farrow Pilon Architects Inc.
http://www.cwc.ca/NR/rdonlyres/D63CBE83-07CB-4BAF-AE20F0AE37B014DC/0/Quickfacts_Sustainable_Building_Series_07.pdf
Lord, Aeck & Sargent Architects, NC
Blue Ridge Destination Center
LEED Gold
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
25
1st Sustainable Animal Shelter, Canada
Winnipeg Humane SocietyNumber Ten Architectural Group
LEED Gold
Richmond Olympic Oval
Tacoma Dome
520 ft. clear span120 ft. rise at center
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
26
Churches & Welcoming Facilities
Photos courtesy of Sentinal Structures
Wisconsin State Welcome Facility
Our Lady Queen of Peace Catholic
Church, Madison, WI 1954Architect: Weiler & Strang, Madison, WI
Remodeling 1996 architect/engineer: Flad & Associates, Madison, WI;
Engineering: Sentinal Structures
Senior Living / Assisted Living
APA Lit. #G110
Anaheim Ice Arena
APA Lit. #W120
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
27
Mixed Use
Retail on Lower Level (concrete) – with 3-5 Stories of Retail and Living Units Above
WOOD IS GREEN
90 ft. tall, 300 ft. wide, and 1,000 ft. long. It was built from 2 million
board feet of Douglas Fir.
The clear span is 5.6 acres. The roof flat out would cover 11 acres.
WORLD’S BIGGEST WOOD STRUCTURE???
Wood is a natural choice for Green building
WOOD is a natural choice for
GREENING YOUR BUILDING WITH
WOOD: SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
8/20/2009
28
THANK YOU!!!
QUESTIONS?
www.woodworks.org
Cheryl Ciecko, AIA ALA,
LEED APTechnical Director
La Grange, [email protected]
How can you help us continue to offer and improve these programs???
“No one could make a greater mistake than he
who did nothing because he could only do a little.”
Edmund Burke (1729-1797)