22 PETRÓLEOS MEXICANOS

During 2001 PEMEX released 40.05 million tons

of carbon dioxide (CO2). PEP emitted 33.1%

of this quantity, PR 34.2%, PGPB 16.0% and

PPQ 16.7%.

Scientific evidence shows that global heating

caused by greenhouse gases (CO2 among them)

generates atmospheric disturbances, which carry

dire consequences.

PEMEX has studied the oil industry’s role in

preventing and controlling this phenomenon

within the Kioto Protocol framework —an United

Nations initiative.

GREENHOUSE GASES

The PEMEX Internal CO2 Permit Trading SystemTo reduce GHG emissions, in June 2001 PEMEX,

with technical support from Environmental

Defense (www.environmentaldefense.org) —a

non-government organization experienced in

developing similar systems for world-class

companies— launched its Internal CO2 Permit

Trading System.

Being one of the first companies from a developing

country to voluntarily create an internal carbon

permits market, PEMEX is among the world’s

leaders in the field.

16%

33%

34%

17%

CO2 emissions (millions of tons)

1999 2000 2001

PEP 13.87 14.23 13.26

PR 15.09 14.18 13.69

PGPB 6.27 6.49 6.41

PPQ 6.32 6.53 6.68

Total 41.55 41.43 40.05

PEP

PR

PGPB

PPQ

GASESCASE: CO-GENERATION PROJECT AT THE CACTUS GPCThe Cactus GPC in Chiapas has four turbo-generators that make it self-sufficient in terms ofelectric power.

Gases resulting from combustion in turbines —which reach temperatures of 517oC— used to be released

into the atmosphere wasting their calorific power.

Two heat recovery units were installed during 2001 to use the heat contained in the exhaust gases fromthe two turbines to heat-evaporate water for boilers and to overheat vapor for motion purposes. Thishelps to save energy and to protect the environment.

By not flaring 10.32 million cubic feet per day of flammable gas, 526 tons less of CO2 per day reach theatmosphere and the temperature of vented gases decreases, which generates economic andenvironmental benefits.

Total

2001 40.05

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT, 2001 23

There are currently 25 Business Units (BUs)

participating in the program: PEP’s four regions,

six PR refineries, seven PGPB gas-processing

complexes and eight PPQ petrochemical

complexes. The Corporate Environmental

Protection Audit coordinates the program’s

development and operation.

For the June-December 2001 period, each BU

was assigned a reduction goal of 1% from the

19997 base line. 3.1 million tons, with a virtual value

of 175 million pesos, were traded; 13 BUs became

permit sellers and 12 became buyers.

During 2002, PEMEX will announce its reduction

commitment for the 2002-2010 period.

Online operations are performed in the

Transaction Recording System (TRS) designed by

PEMEX, and the CO2 emission data originate in

SISPA.

SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT, 2001 23

CASE: ARPEL - PEMEX WORKSHOP TO DEVELOP THE CAPACITY TO OBTAIN CREDITS FROM EMISSION

REDUCTION PROJECTS IN LATIN AMERICA

The reduction of greenhouse gases emissions via energy efficiency and forestry projects could becomemore profitable considering the additional income from the sale of GHG emissions reduction certificatesto countries and companies from the developed world that have emissions reduction commitments . Toachieve this, projects must comply with requirements established in the Kioto Protocol’s CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM).

To prepare the region’s oil industry in CDM project development, ARPEL carried out a workshop inMexico City in October, with PEMEX as a host. More than 80 participants and 18 domestic and foreignlecturers delved into key issues and shared their experiences. A wide range of stakeholders—governments,industry (oil and gas), international organizations, NGOs and consulting firms— were present.

The PEMEX Internal CO2 Permit Trading System —which operates in real time since June 2001— was anoutstanding feature in this workshop.

During a visit to PEMEX facilities, ARPEL’s Climate Change Working Group inspected the company’sInternal CO2 Permit Trading System’s operation. According to its president, Arthur Lee, “this is one ofthe best systems, maybe the best I’ve seen in different companies. I would like to congratulate PEMEX,our host, for this great effort”.