Greenhouse gas and energy observatory

Key figures - May 2013

of the Rhône-Alpes region

Contents

The greenhouse effect and its consequences in the

page 4

Regional key figures

Final energy consumption in 2010 page 6

Greenhouse gas emissions in 2010 page 8

Production of energy in 2011 page 9

Analysis of final energy consumption and greenhousegas emissions by sector

Residential page 10

Tertiary page 12

Industry page 14

Transport page 16

Agriculture page 18

Production of renewable energy in 2011 page 20

Production of electricity from renewable energy page 21

Production of heat from renewable energy page 23

Carbon sinks page 26

Glossary page 27

2

Rhône-Alpes region

OREGES Rhône-Alpes (Regional greenhouse gas and energy observatory of Rhône-Alpes)

OREGES Rhône-Alpes : an observation and information tool

Created in 2002, OREGES Rhône-Alpes was set up in response to the desire to make available, on a regional basis, a relevant observation and information tool to members of the general public, local authorities and players in the world of energy.Its steering committee is co-chaired by the State and the Region, and is financed by the regional Council of Rhône-Alpes and the ADEME (French environment and energy management agency). The work is conducted by two technical organizations: Rhônalpénergie-Environnement (since 2002) and Air Rhône-Alpes (since 2009).

OREGES Rhône-Alpes : a platform for exchanging information about energy and greenhouse gases

OREGES Rhône-Alpes constitutes a network of various players:• The State, represented by the DREAL (regional authority for the environment, planning and housing) on the one hand, and the ADEME regional authority on the other.• The Rhône-Alpes regional Council.• Rhônalpénergie-Environnement (The regional environment and energy agency).• Air Rhône-Alpes, an association approved for monitoring air quality.• Public corporations and local authorities responsible for energy supply.• Representatives of suppliers, carriers and distributors of energy (EDF, ErDF, GDF Suez, GrDF, GRTgaz, RTE). • The IERA (Info Energie Rhône-Alpes) network. • Professional unions in the energy sector (UFE – French electricity union, UFIP – oil industry union).• Regional environmental, social and economic council, CESER.• CLCV , representing consumers. • Regional Chamber of commerce and industry.• Representatives of universities.

Those involved with the observatory meet every month to discuss current topics relating to OREGES: «small wind turbine sector», «the place of gas in the Rhône-Alpes region», «the Aarhus conven-tion»... These exchanges allow a shared vision of the situation concerning energy consumption, the production and emissions of greenhouse gas in the Rhône-Alpes region to gradually be created. This vision is built up from data shared by all players, within the scope of a data exchange agreement.

Local authorities have also recently got involved in this process.

3

Some gases, naturally present in the atmosphere, act as a greenhouse by capturing solar radiation, in this way increasing the earth’s temperature. Without these gases, the average temperature of the earth would be - 18 °C!This natural phenomenon, called the «greenhouse effect» is therefore conducive to life on earth. However, its balance is fragile.There is a broad consensus that climate change is due to intensification of the greenhouse effect caused by human activity. Since the start of the industrial era (end of the 18th century), greenhouse gas concentrations have continued to rise and have never been so high for several hundreds of thou-sands of years.

4

The greenhouse effect

the earth’s surface

50% towards

GREENHOUSEEFFECT

Radiation transmitted towards space

20% absorbed

30% sent towardsspace

by the atmosphere

Natural Greenhouse effect

These gases, mainly derived from fossil fuels (oil, gas, coal), reinforce the greenhouse effect and have

an impact on the climate. Not all greenhouse gases are from energy sources, they can be produced by

chemical processes (industry) and agricultural activities (fertilizer for crops, livestock breeding).

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that :

• It is at least 90% certain that global warming is due to human activity.

•The average temperature observed on the earth’s surface over the past century has risen

by 0.74°C.

•Greenhouse gas emissions have considerably increased worldwide since the pre-industrial period.

From 1970 - 2004 alone they increased by 70%.

According to the 2010 Météo-France study «Overview of the regionalization of results of the

Arpège-climat climate model on the 3 greenhouse gas emission scenarios proposed by the IPCC (A1B,

A2 and B1)», the main climate changes in the Rhône-Alpes region at the end of the 21st century will

be notably:

• Less harsh winters.

• Risk of fire doubled overall.

• According to scenarios, a modelled increase in the annual average temperature from 1°C - 2°C

by 2030, 1.5°C – 2.5°C by 2050 and 2°C - 5°C by 2080.

• A fairly uniform increase in the average temperature over the entire region.

• A significant increase in summer minimum temperatures.

• An increase in maximum temperatures.

• A sizeable decrease in the number of days of frost in spring.

• A dramatic rise in heatwaves in the second half of the century.

• A downward trend in terms of total annual precipitation.

• A significant increase in the number of consecutive days of dry weather.

• A reduction in snow cover in duration, spatial extent and thickness.

• A significant decrease in the amount of glaciers.

5

Climate consequences in the Rhône-Alpes region

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

16.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent (toe) were consumed in 2010 in the Rhône-Alpes region. Final energy consumption, which continuously increased from 2000 – 2005, reached its «peak» in 2005. In 2010, consumption continued to fall (-1% between 2009 and 2010, -6% between 2005 and 2010). Buildings were the main final energy consumers, the tertiary and residential sectors consuming 41% of final energy, all uses taken into account. Transport consumed the same amount as industry. Petroleum products were by far the most consumed form of energy, fossil energy representing 68% of the total.

The European objective of improving energy efficiency by 20% consists, in concrete terms, of ensuring that primary energy consumption in 2020 is 20% lower than the consumption corresponding to a «business-as-usual scenario». The work carried out as part of the Sché-

ma Régional Climat Air Energie (SRCAE – regional energy, air and climate plan) allowed the creation of a business as usual scenario, which corresponds to a primary energy consumption in 2020 of 22.8 million tonnes of oil equivalent. To observe the European objective, it would therefore be necessary to achieve a primary energy consumption of 18 million tonnes of oil equivalent in 2020 (against 21.7 in 2010, i.e. a 17% decrease by 2020).

Evolution of final energy consumption

Rate of evolution of final energy consumption

2009 - 2010 : -1% 2005 - 2010 : -6% 1990 - 2010 : +8%

6

Final energy consumption in 2010

20 000

18 000

16 000

14 000

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Renewable heat energy

Electricity

Gas

Petroleum products

Solid mineral fuel

(In

kt o

f oil

equi

vale

nt)

Distribution of final energy consumption by sector

Energy consumed

2131%

4,80929%

4,79429%

2,19014%

4,42627%

Residential

Tertiary

Waste management and industry

Transport

Agriculture, silviculture and aquaculture

Solid mineral fuel

Petroleum products

Gas

Electricity

Waste

Renewable thermal energy4,33626%

3,95724%

6,49040%

1491%

1,0626%438

3%

7

(In kt of oil equivalent)

(In kt of oil equivalent)

,

,

49 000

47 000

45 000

43 000

41 000

39 000

37 0001990 2000 2010 2020

International comparisons of CO2 emissions from energy sources in tonnes ofCO2 per inhabitant in 2010

Greenhouse gas emissions from energy sources per inhabitant were slightly higher in the Rhône-Alpes region compared with the French average. A Rhône-Alpes inhabitant emitted on average three times less than a North American and 6 times more than an African. Because of the large amount of French nuclear power stations, emissions in France and the Rhône-Alpes region are much lower than the European average.

In order to meet European objectives aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 20% compared with 1990, greenhouse gas emissions must reach no more than 37,000 tonnes of CO

2 equivalent in 2020, i.e. a reduc-

tion of 17.2 % compared with 2010.

Greenhouse gas emissions in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2010 amounted to 44.8 million tonnes of CO

2 equivalent, down by 3.7% compared with 1990.

Greenhouse gas emissions since 1990 and European objectives

5.7

Rhôn

e-Al

pes

regi

on

5.5

Fran

ce

7.3

Euro

pe

9.3

Ger

man

y

14

Nor

th A

mer

ica

2.4

Latin

Am

erica

7.6

Mid

dle

East

5.4

Chin

a

0.9

Afric

a

15.4

Oce

ania

8

Greenhouse gas emissions in 2010

(in

kilo

tonn

es o

f C

O2 eq

uiva

lent

)

49,000

47,000

45,000

43,000

41,000

39,000

37,000

The third European objective consists of raising the share of renewable energy to 20% of final energy consumption by using notably biofuels and other renewable sources for transport.

Over the past few years, the penetration rate of renewable energy in final energy consumption has been in the region of 17%. It was 15% in 2011. This decrease is notably explained by the considerable reduction in hydraulic production (-25% between 2010 and 2011) due to high temperatures and low rainfall.

The production of energy was 115,380 GWh in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2011.The production of renewable energy represented 24.5% of total energy production. The Rhône-Alpes region is an area which produces a lot of electricity, notably owing to its nuclear power stations (73.8% of energy production) and hydraulic power (15.3%). The Rhône-Alpes region is a net exporter of electricity.

Nuclear

Hydraulic energy (excluding pumped storage)

Photovoltaic solar energy

Electricity from biogas

Energy wood

Heat from biogas

Thermal with fossil fuels

Wind energy

Electricity from waste

Other electricity produced using renewable fuel

Heat from waste

Thermal solar energy

Structure of the production of energy in the Rhône-Alpes region

9

Production of energy in 2011

Hydraulic power (excluding pumped storage)Wind energyPhotovoltaic solar energyElectricity from wasteElectricity from biogasOther electricity produced using renewable fuelTotal renewable electricity productionEnergy woodHeat from wasteHeat from biogasThermal solar energyTotal renewable heat productionTotal renewable production

201117,650

350200251

9117

18,5598,805

852142

979,896

28,455

Production of renewable

energy in 2011

(in

GW

h)

73.8%

15.3%

0.3%0.2%

0.2%0.1%0.0%

1.6%

8.4%

7.5%

0.7%

0.1%0.1%

,

,

,

,

,

,

The residential sector was the second largest consumer of energy in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2010, with 4.4 million tonnes of oil equivalent, i.e. 27% of final energy consumption. If we add to this the energy consumption of the tertiary sector, the building sector becomes the largest consumer of ener-gy, with 41% of consumption (against 44% nationally).In 2010, consumption in the residential sector was the same level as 2000, dropping since 2009 (-6.7%). The main form of energy used was gas, followed by electricity and petroleum products. The shares of electricity and gas have been constantly increasing since 1990, to the detriment above all of petroleum products and more surprisingly, of renewable thermal energy. The main use of energy in the residential sector is heat (heating, air-conditioning, domestic hot water, cooking).

,

,

,

> Evolution of consumption in the

residential sector

> Energy consumption usage in the residential sector

Renewable thermal energy

Electricity

Gas

Petroleum products

Solid mineral fuel

Heat

Specific electricity (appliances and lighting)

10

Final energy consumption

RESIDENTIAL SECTOR

5 000

4 500

4 000

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

(in

kilo

tonn

es o

f oil

equi

vale

nt)

(in

ktoe

)

59914%

3,83686%

2009 - 2010 : -10% 2005 - 2010 : -14% 1990 - 2010 : +8%

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

The residential sector represented 19% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2010. Emissions have been dropping since 2005, and in terms of the number of inhabitants, they have dropped slightly since, with 1.28 tonnes of CO

2 equivalent / inhabitant in 2010 against 1.31

tonnes of CO2 equivalent / inhabitant in 1990. Emissions are mainly due to petroleum products and

vary by county 1, depending on the number of inhabitants.

1 French «départements» (8 counties in the Rhône-Alpes region : Ain, Ardèche, Drôme, Isère, Loire, Rhône, Savoie and Haute-Savoie)

1,80

1,60

1,40

1,20

1,00

0,80

0,60

0,40

0,20

0,001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

10 500

10 000

9 500

9 000

8 500

8 000

7 500

7 000

6 500

6 000

5 500

5 000

1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

> Evolution of GHG emissions in the

residential sector

> Evolution of GHG emissions in the

residential sector per inhabitant

11

Greenhouse gas emissions

(in

kilo

tonn

es o

f CO

2 equ

ival

ent)

(in

tonn

es o

f CO

2 equ

ival

ent/i

nhab

itant

)

2009 - 2010 : -10% 2005 - 2010 : -14% 1990 - 2010 : +8%

Rate of evolution of GHG emissions in the residential sector

,

,

,

,

Energy consumption in the tertiary sector represented 14% of regional consumption. In this sector, gas was the most consumed form of energy in 2010.Whilst the share of petroleum products has been dropping since 2000, it was more than made up for by the use of gas and electricity. Just as in the residential sector, 2010 saw a small drop compared with 2009 (-2.7%). Energy intensity per employee, which calculates the share of energy consumed per employee in the tertiary sector, varies according to the county. This variation depends on the type of tertiary activity: winter sport tourist activities, large consumers of energy, have a not insignificant share for the Savoie counties.

Ain Ardèche Drôme Isère Loire Rhône Savoie Haute-Savoie Rhône-Alpes region

1.10 0.89 0.92 1.19 1.17 0.97 1.34 1.26 1.10

Energy intensity (in toe per employee)

12

Final energy consumption

TERTIARY SECTOR

Evolution of tertiary sector consumption

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Renewable thermal energy

Electricity

Gas

Petroleum products

Solid mineral fuel

(in

ktoe

)

2009 - 2010 : -3% 2005 - 2010 : -8% 1990 - 2010 : +14%

2009 - 2010 : -5% 2005 - 2010 : -16% 1990 - 2010 : +5%

Rate of evolution of final energy consumption in the tertiary sector

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

The tertiary sector represented a small share of greenhouse gas emissions in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2010 (9%), and emissions have been dropping since 2005. Rural mountain municipalities, notably in Haute-Savoie and Savoie, have a high rate of emissions per inhabitant. These two counties have greater heating requirements.

5 500

5 000

4 500

4 000

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 000

1 500

1 000

500

0

1990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

GHG emissions of buildings (residential + tertiary) per

municipality per inhabitant

Emissions in tonnes of CO2 equivalent per inhabitant

13

Greenhouse gas emissions

Evolution of GHG emissions in

the tertiary sector

(in

Kt o

f CO

2 eq

uiva

lent

)

2009 - 2010 : -5% 2005 - 2010 : -16% 1990 - 2010 : +5%

Rate of greenhouse gas emissions in the tertiary sector

kilometers

> 4

3 to 4

2 to 3

1 to 2

0 to 1

,,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Industry is the second largest consumer, almost equal to transport. The effect of the crisis was greatly felt in the industrial sector in 2009. In 2010, energy consumption started to rise again (+5.41% com-pared with 2009). Electricity is the most used form of energy in industry, with a share almost equal to fossil energy.

2009 - 2010 : +15% 2005 - 2010 : -8% 1990 - 2010 : -13%

6 000

5 500

5 000

4 500

4 000

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 0001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

6 000

5 000

4 000

3 000

2 000

1 000

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Energy consumed in industry

Evolution of consumption

in industry

Renewable thermal energy

Waste

Electricity

Gas

Petroleum products

Solid mineral fuel

14

Final energy consumption

INDUSTRY

(in

ktoe

) (i

n kt

oe)

2009 - 2010 : +5% 2005 - 2010 : -9% 1990 - 2010 : -2%

Rate of evolution of final energy consumption in industry

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Industry is the second highest emitter, with 27% of greenhouse gas emissions. Emissions have been dropping sharply since 1990 (-13%), with a very clear trend since 2005 and significant reduction, together with reductions in consumption between 2008 and 2009. Industry in the Rhône-Alpes re-gion has brought its greenhouse gas emissions well under control since the 1990s, thanks to energy efficiency efforts and also as a result of changing its energy mix. Emissions which are not derived from energy (industrial processes, use of solvents, waste management) represent approximately 20% of GHG emissions in the sector.

2009 - 2010 : +15% 2005 - 2010 : -8% 1990 - 2010 : -13%

Share of energy and non-energy emissions

in industry

Evolution of GHG emissions in industry

18 000

16 000

14 000

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

14 000

13 500

13 000

12 500

12 000

11 500

11 000

10 500

10 0001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Emissions not derived from energy

Emissions derived from energy

15

Greenhouse gas emissions

(in

kilo

tonn

es o

f CO

2 equ

ival

ent)

(in

kilo

tonn

es o

f CO

2 equ

ival

ent)

Rate of evolution of GHG emissions in industry

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

The transport sector is the largest consumer of energy, with 29% of consumption in 2010. Its consumption has been globally stable since 2000, with a slight downward trend (-0.6% between 2009 and 2010). Electricity represents only 2% of consumption in the transport sector (train, tramway), which largely relies on petroleum products (91%). Road transport is by far the largest consumer of all the types of transport in the Rhône-Alpes region, representing 94% of consumption.

2009 - 2010 : -0,5% 2005 - 2010 : -3% 1990 - 2010 : +8%2009 - 2010 : -1% 2005 - 2010 : -8% 1990 - 2010 : +2 %

Distribution of consumption per type of transport

Evolution of consumption in transport

6 000

5 500

5 000

4 500

4 000

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 0001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Air transport

River transport

Rail transport

Road transport

80% 106

2%

1644%

4,53194%

16

Final energy consumption

TRANSPORT

(in

ktoe

)

(in ktoe)

Rate of evolution of final energy consumption of transport

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

The transport sector emits the most greenhouse gas, with 31% of emissions in 2010, a large share owing to its almost exclusive consumption of petroleum products. The road sector is by far the main contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. The emissions of the transport sector are due (approximately 99%) to the consumption of petroleum products, and are close to the level of 1990. GHG emissions are dropping faster than consumption as a result of the gradual introduction of agro-fuel.

2009 - 2010 : -1% 2005 - 2010 : -8% 1990 - 2010 : +2 %

Distribution of GHG emissions

per type of transport

Evolution of GHG emissions

in transport

16 000

15 500

15 000

14 500

14 000

13 500

13 000

12 500

12 000

11 500

11 000

10 500

10 0001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Air transport

River transport

Rail transport

Road transport

230% 91

1%

5314%

13,29995%

17

Greenhouse gas emissions

(in

kilo

tonn

es o

f CO

2 equ

ival

ent)

(in kilotonnes of CO2 equivalent)

Rate of evolution of greenhouse gas emissions in transport

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Overall consumption of final energy in the agricultural sector remained stable and low in 2010 (1% of the total). Agriculture in the Rhône-Alpes region consumes mainly petroleum products. Dropping slightly since 2008, oil remains the most consumed form of energy in agriculture.

Evolution of GHG emissions in agriculture

Evolution of consumption in

agriculture

500

400

300

200

100

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

7 500

7 000

6 500

6 000

5 500

5 000

4 500

4 000

3 500

3 000

2 500

2 0001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

18

Final energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

AGRICULTURE

(in

ktoe

) (i

n kt

of C

O2 eq

uiva

lent

)

2009 - 2010 : +3% 2005 - 2010 : -1% 1990 - 2010 : +13%

2009 - 2010 : +0,5% 2005 - 2010 : -1% 1990 - 2010 : -18%

Rate of evolution of final energy consumption in agriculture

Rate of evolution of greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

,

Whilst agriculture consumes very little energy (1%) in the Rhône-Alpes region, it is a large contributor to the greenhouse gas emissions total, representing 14%. The majority of its emissions (90%) do not come from the consumption of energy products, but from livestock breeding and land cultivation. Emissions not derived from energy dropped 14% between 1990 and 2010. This drop has stabilized overall since 2006. Urban centres are obviously small contributors, but some rural regions are also very low emitters: south Ardèche, the south-east of Isère. These are regions in which livestock rearing is less prevalent.

Evolution of non-energy GHG emissions in agriculture

6 800

6 600

6 400

6 200

6 000

5 800

5 600

5 400

5 200

5 0001990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

19

Final energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions

GHG emissions per municipality and per hectare

(in

kt o

f CO

2 eq

uiva

lent

)

Emissions in tonnes of CO2 equivalent per hectare

> 4

3 to 4

2 to 3

1 to 2

0 to 1

kilometers

Production of renewable energy in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2011 was 28,455 GWh. It is made up of electricity (65.2%) and heat (34.8%), mainly energy wood. Production of renewable electric energy represents 21.5% of total electricity production.

Structure of production of renewable energy in 2011

Hydraulic power (excluding pumped storage)

Photovoltaic solar energy

Electricity from biogas

Energy wood

Heat from biogas

Wind energy

Electricity from waste

Other electricity produced using renewable fuel

Heat from waste

Thermal solar energy

1.2%

62% 34.8%

30.9%

3%

0.5%

0.3%

0.7%0.9%

0.3%0.1%

20

Production of renewable energy in 2011

Hydroelectric production since 2008

Wind production per county and power output since 2009

Production, in GWh 2008 2009 2010 2011

Production hydraulique 25,271 21,494 23,461 17,650(pompages déduits)

2009 2010 2011 2012

Wind farms (MW) 141 145 169 169

Wind production (GWh) 346 351 350 NA

Production of renewable electricity in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2011 was 18,559 GWh.The 534 hydraulic power stations listed in the Rhône-Alpes region (all power sources taken into account) re-present the largest share of renewable electricity produced in the Rhône-Alpes region. In 2011, a year with high temperatures and low rain fall, there was a drop in the region of 25% in hydroelectric production. Wind production has been stagnating for a few years around 350 GWh produced annual-ly. Wind farms remain at around 169 MW power output. Photovoltaic production has been rapidly developing for a few years, notably in the counties of the south of the region, and it is reaching almost 1% of total renewable energy production. The production of electricity from biogas and waste (coge-neration), with 369 GWh, is slightly greater than wind production.

21

Production of electricity from renewable energy

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0Ain Ar dèche Drôme Isère Loire Rhône Savoie

161

(in

GW

h)

Hydraulic production(pumped storage deducted)

0.010.10.050.1 60

182

Evolution of the production of photovoltaic power since 2005 and production per county

Electricity production from biomass per county

300

250

200

150

100

50

02005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

1,07 1,6 3,63 9,51 19,9

98

200

257

70,0

60,0

50,0

40,0

30,0

20,0

10,0

0,0Ain Ardèche Drôme Isère Loire Rhône Savoie Haute -

Savoie

100908070605040302010

0Ain Drôme Isère re Rhône Savoie Haute- Rhône

Savoie Alpes

2

26

10

50

13

91

2009

2010

2011

22

(in

GW

h) (i

n G

Wh)

(in

GW

h)

Loiregion-

,

,

,

,

,

,

Electricity production from biomass per county

Evolution of the production of heat derived from energy wood

Power output of automatical boilers per county

Production of heat derived from renewable energy was 9,896 GWh in the Rhône-Alpes region in 2011. Renewable energy is also produced in the form of heat. This is derived mainly from energy wood, which has been steadily growing after dropping in the first years of the new millennium. Between 1990 and 2000, heat was produced for the most part using domestic wood. Since 2000, collective wood energy plants have taken off. The production of heat derived from energy wood, which has increased by 2% annually since 2006, was estimated to be 8,805 GWh in 2011. Thermal solar energy produced 96 GWh of heat in 2011, via various types of equipment (water heating, heating, solar drying…).

12 000

10 000

8 000

6 000

4 000

2 000

01990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

180160140120100

80604020

0Ain Ardèche Drôme Isère Loire Rhône Savoie Haute -

Savoie

2009

2010

2011

Individual boilers

Collective boilers

23

Production of heat from renewable energy

(in

GW

h) (i

n M

W)

Production of thermal solar energy per type of plant

In 2011, 9 waste incinerators out of 12 produced and sold thermal energy in the Rhône-Alpes region for a total of 852 GWh.

Heat from waste

TYPE OF EQUIPMENT

Thermal solar energy total

Solar water heating Individual solar water heating Collective solar water heating

Solar combi-system Individual solar combi-system Collective solar combi-system

Solar flooring Individual solar flooring Collective solar flooring

Solar pond (swimming pool)

Solar drying of fodder

NUMBER OF PLANTS

22,615

18,23816,186 2,052

3,549 3,320 229

595 534 61

26

199

SURFACE INSTALLED (m²)

313,709

149,235 78,184 71,051

51,997 45,118 6,878

9,963 8,498 1,465

3,971

98,409

PRODUCTION (MWh)

96,785

59,69431,27328,421

25,99822,559 3,439

4,981 4,249 732

1,191

4,920

24

Distribution of the production of biogas per type of recovery

Heat from biogas

160

140

120

80

60

40

20

0Ain Drôme Loire Rhône Savoie Haute- Rhône

Savoie Alpes

2

50

6

70

11

1 2

142

Cogeneration

Injection

Thermal

82%

16%

2%

25

(in

GW

h)

Isère -region

The term «carbon sink» is used to describe natural (or artificial) reservoirs which absorb carbon in the air. Carbon sinks are an essential tool in the fight against global warming because they allow a large part of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to be captured and stored.OREGES tried to assess, as an initial approximation, the amount of CO

2 absorbed by permanent pas-

tures and forests, per municipality and per year, in the Rhône-Alpes region. The assessment takes into account permanent pastures and forests, according to the nomenclature and land cover of the Corine Land Cover database. This mapping provides an initial overview of the distribution of CO

2 stored

annually per municipality in the Rhône-Alpes region.

Amount of CO2 absorbed by permanent pastures and forests per municipality and per year in the Rhône-Alpes region (data: 2006)

26

Carbon sinks

Absorption in tonnes of CO2

kilometers

m> 15,00010,000 to 15,0002,500 to 10,0000 to 2,500

Final energy: Final energy is the energy supplied to consumers, to be converted to useful energy. For example: electricity, petrol, gas, diesel fuel, domestic fuel, etc.

Primary energy: Primary energy is the crude form of energy available in nature: wood, coal, natural gas, oil, wind, solar radiation, hydraulic power, geothermal energy… Primary energy is not always directly useable and is there-fore often subject to conversions: for example, oil refining to obtain petrol or diesel fuel or combustion of coal to produce electricity in a thermal power plant.

Useful energy: Useful energy is the energy available to the consumer after it has been converted by his equipment (boilers, electric convectors, light bulbs). The difference between final energy and useful energy resides mainly in the efficiency of the appliances used to convert this final energy.

Toe: The tonne oil equivalent (toe) is a unit for measuring energy commonly used by energy economists to com-pare energies. One toe is the energy produced by the combustion of an average tonne of oil, which represents approximately 11,600 kWh.

TCO2e: tonne of CO2 equivalent. Unit allowing equivalence to be provided between the various greenhouse gases

and carbon dioxide (CO2) in terms of the production of greenhouse effect.

Energy intensity: Energy intensity measures the energy efficiency of an economy or sector of activity. It is calcu-lated as the ratio of energy consumption to gross domestic product, or the value added of the sector of activity.

The regional assessment of final energy consumption corresponds to the inventory of the use of different types of energy in regions. The measurements of the amounts of energy used express regional requirements in terms of travel, lighting, heating, the production of goods and services… The assessment of consumptions diffe-rentiates energies and sectors of consumption.

It is generally acknowledged that the consumption of heating is proportional to the severity of winter. The normal weather assessment corresponds to adjusted consumptions, taking into account the effects of temperature. Real weather consumptions are those which have actually been consumed over the year.

The prefixes represent multiples of units: kilo (k, for a thousand, mega (M, for a million), giga (G, for a billion), tera (T, for a trillion)

27

Glossary

The most recent regional and sub-regional mapping and statistical data,

An analysis of data and its development per energy product, per consumption sector and per energy production sector,

Available at www.oreges.rhonealpes.fr

For further information or requests, contact us at: oreges@rhonealpes.fr

The technical organisations of the Rhône-Alpes Regional Greenhouse Gas and Energy Observatory

3 allée des Sorbiers - 69500 Bron - FranceTel : 33 9 72 26 48 90 - Fax : 33 9 72 15 65 64E-mail: contact@air-rhonealpes.fr Web: www.air-rhonealpes.fr

May

201

3 - C

once

ptio

n B.

Chi

apel

lo +

33 6

81

98 2

9 03

- Pr

inte

d w

ith ve

geta

l ink

s on

100%

recy

cled

pape

r

10, rue des Archers - 69002 Lyon - FranceTel : 33 4 78 37 29 14 - Fax : 33 4 78 37 64 91E-mail: raee@raee.orgWeb: www.raee.org