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This is a case study for an outdoor vending booth which goes into detail about the structure, how it is built and the materials used.
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Contents
1. Introduction
2. Research at Botanic Gardens
3. Environment Analysis
4. Design Development of Vending Booth
5. Final Proposal
1.Introduction
This report specifies a design proposal for a street vending booth to be principally sited in Princes Street Gardens in
Edinburgh.
The unit in question is designed to act as a small cafe kiosk to sell beverages, confectionery and
magazines/newspapers. The roof is also designed to act as a small roof garden to allow people to walk on and/or
lounge/sit. It is to be constructed on site and Hilti-bolted to pre-prepared reinforced concrete foundation.
All materials and design and construction methods are to conform to the relevant British and EN standards for
ergonomics, structural loading, materials, construction, and finishes.
2.Research at Botanic Garden
Materials and Manufacture – Oak (Temperate Hard Wood), cut
at saw mill and surface planed for smooth finish and Steel,
metal casted.
Finish – Requires no finish as outdoor weather conditions
would strip wood of varnish, leaving the bench looking
unattractive. This would mean the bench would have to have
maintenance frequently. The steel feet have no finish since
they are only fairly visible. This lowers the cost of
manufacture. If required, galvanisation would prevent steel
from rusting.
Colour – Grey Brown
Method of Placement – The oak slats are held together by
possibly a steel or wooden dowel rod. If a steel rod is used,
wooden pegs are hammered onto the ends to hold it in
place and give the bench an even finish. The whole bench
unit is bolted to the decking by two separate steel plates.
Notes – Bench is very robust due to it being bolted to the
ground therefore increasing stability during adverse weather
conditions and preventing vandalism. The bench only needs
minimal to hardly any maintenance due to having no finish.
The colour of the oak has been affected by UV exposure
which gives it a more natural feel.
Material, Finish and Manufacture – Brushed Stainless Steel, Metal Casting
Colour – Grey
Method of Placement – The whole component is moulded perfectly to slot into the two glass panels also securing
them both in place perpendicular to each other.
Notes – Stainless steel is made from combining a small concentration of chromium to molten steel which is then
poured, pressed or formed. The steel is then put through two acid treatments, pickling and passivation, which remove
impurities and give the steel a protective layer. Stainless steel has a very nice finish on its own which makes it a
suitable and attractive material to be used as a visible fixture.
Stainless steel is quite an expensive material which is why it has been used for this purpose as the latch components
are a reasonable size. It is a very durable metal and will not rust.
Materials, Finish and Manufacture: Brushed Stainless Steel dowel rod and connector, Metal Casting
Colour – Grey
Method of Placement – The rod looks like it is screwed into the connector which allows each component to be
manufactured separately and transported easily. This would also save more money as a specialised mould wouldn’t
need to be made. It is attached to the ceiling on part of the beam and also at the base by screwing it to a thin
painted steel bar.
Notes – There is another connector at the opposite side of the staircase to hold the steel bar in place to aid the
stability of the staircase. These were added after construction as when many people were using the staircase, it
tended to shake. The steel rod is thicker at the top than the base to add to strength and also aesthetics.
3. Environment Analysis
The structure and stability of the booth is very important when being built in an open green space. There are many
variables to include when designing this booth that would not apply to that of an indoor structure including weather
and human/animal destruction.
As this booth is going to be build in Edinburgh, Scotland, the weather can be very unpredictable so it has to be able
to withstand snow, heavy rain, UV exposure and so on. The exterior of the booth is mainly going to be covered with
vertical thermowood cladding which adds stability and lessens swelling, rotting and distortion. Thermowood is a type of
modified softwood which has gone through an industrial process called Acetylation. The chosen timber undergoes heat
treatment in temperatures above 200 degrees centigrade which improves its structure and characteristics, making a
more stable and suitable alternative to external wall cladding. This thermowood also performs better than hardwoods
therefore making it a more eco friendly construction material. This cladding will require minimal to no maintenance as
it should not be discoloured by UV rays like many other softwoods and doesn’t require a varnish.
As there is steel involved in the structure of the booth, this will need to be galvanised to prevent corrosion from rain.
Animal infestation will be prevented as the base of the booth will be hilti-bolted to the ground. The marine ply layer at
the base will prevent any rodents or any other animals to break in.
The booth will be sturdy enough to prevent acts of vandalism as the cladding will be held together firmly with a steel
frame and the inside will be locked off by a foldable steel shutter that comes from the ceiling and covers the serving
window when not in use.
4. Design Development – Draft SketchUp models
5. Final Proposal: Description of Materials and Finishes
Exterior - For the exterior of the kiosk, modified softwood called thermowood is used which measures 3mm thick and 21mm wide.
The height of each plank varies and these can either be cut during manufacture or on site. Between each plank, there should be
a 2mm gap. Thermowood is also used for the counters in the kiosk.
Cladding frame – The thermowood is held in place by steel beams secured onto two steel columns which measure 3500mm in
height, 1000mm in length and 20mm in width. Each steel component is galvanised with zinc and powder-coated black.
Roof Support Columns – These are made from galvanised steel and
measure 1800mm in height, 600mm in width and length.
Roof Support Frame – Made from galvanised powder-coated steel and is visible from the interior. These components are the same
sizes used from the exterior cladding frame.
Marine Plywood – This runs along the base of the kiosk and also acts as the base layer of the roof.
Flower Pot – This is made out of an aluminium shell measuring 1980mm in length, 300mm in height and 300 in width, The two
sides of the pot (facing front/face green roof) will be different sizes as the roof is at an angle so the largest part of aluminium
will measure 600mm in height.
Cladding Frame (example from model development) Roof Support Frame (example from model development)
Structural Analysis
The two columns that hold the roof up at its highest point will be under compressive stress from the roof components
and any weight added when people stand on it. This weight is also distributed along the steel frame that runs along
the base of the roof to make sure it doesn’t cave in. The marine plywood component between the two steel beams
will also be under tensile stress as it is bolted to them.
The counter at the front of the kiosk will be under compression from the sizes as that is to slot in without being
bolted so added stress can be from people leaning on it. The fact the counter is under compressive stress from the
two columns should prevent this.
Ergonomic Considerations
The height of the kiosk is 200cm which is around 6ft so an average/over average sized person will be able to fit into
the kiosk. The height of the counter from ground level is 50cm which allows a person to rest their elbows perfectly
without having to bend over or stretch. It is also important that the height of the cladding is tall enough to make sure
people do not accidentally fall off the roof when near its highest height.
The kiosk is 200cm in width so this should allow three people to be inside the kiosk at once without any restriction of
space. This also means that more people can fit onto the green roof.
Interior of Kiosk (Card Model)
Google Sketch-Up Model
References
http://www.ribaproductselector.com/products/
http://www.polisystem.co.uk/PRODUCTS/Roofing/Singleply.html
http://www.galvanizeit.org/online-seminar/duplex-systems-painting-and-powder-coating-hdg-
steel/
http://www.silvatimber.co.uk/cladding/thermowood-cladding/
http://www.supasash.com/modifed_softwood.html